Applying a public health approach to autism research: A framework for action / Diana SCHENDEL in Autism Research, 15-4 (April 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-4 (April 2022) . - p.592-601 Titre : Applying a public health approach to autism research: A framework for action Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Diana SCHENDEL, Auteur ; Anne M. ROUX, Auteur ; Elizabeth MCGHEE HASSRICK, Auteur ; Kristen LYALL, Auteur ; Lindsay SHEA, Auteur ; Giacomo VIVANTI, Auteur ; Andrea WIECKOWSKI TRUBANOVA, Auteur ; Craig NEWSCHAFFER, Auteur ; Diana L. ROBINS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.592-601 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis  Autistic Disorder/diagnosis  Humans  Public Health  Quality of Life  autism spectrum disorder  communication  knowledge Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Most published autism research, and the funding that supports it, remains focused on basic and clinical science. However, the public health impact of autism drives a compelling argument for utilizing a public health approach to autism research. Fundamental to the public health perspective is a focus on health determinants to improve quality of life and to reduce the potential for adverse outcomes across the general population, including in vulnerable subgroups. While the public health research process can be conceptualized as a linear, 3-stage path consisting of discovery - testing - translation/dissemination/implementation, in this paper we propose an integrated, cyclical research framework to advance autism public health objectives in a more comprehensive manner. This involves discovery of primary, secondary and tertiary determinants of health in autism; and use of this evidence base to develop and test detection, intervention, and dissemination strategies and the means to implement them in 'real world' settings. The proposed framework serves to facilitate identification of knowledge gaps, translational barriers, and shortfalls in implementation; guides an iterative research cycle; facilitates purposeful integration of stakeholders and interdisciplinary researchers; and may yield more efficient achievement of improved health and well-being among persons on the autism spectrum at the population-level. LAY SUMMARY: Scientists need better ways to identify and address gaps in autism research, conduct research with stakeholders, and use findings to improve the lives of autistic people. We recommend an approach, based in public health science, to guide research in ways that might impact lives more quickly. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2689 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473 [article] Applying a public health approach to autism research: A framework for action [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Diana SCHENDEL, Auteur ; Anne M. ROUX, Auteur ; Elizabeth MCGHEE HASSRICK, Auteur ; Kristen LYALL, Auteur ; Lindsay SHEA, Auteur ; Giacomo VIVANTI, Auteur ; Andrea WIECKOWSKI TRUBANOVA, Auteur ; Craig NEWSCHAFFER, Auteur ; Diana L. ROBINS, Auteur . - p.592-601. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-4 (April 2022) . - p.592-601 Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis  Autistic Disorder/diagnosis  Humans  Public Health  Quality of Life  autism spectrum disorder  communication  knowledge Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Most published autism research, and the funding that supports it, remains focused on basic and clinical science. However, the public health impact of autism drives a compelling argument for utilizing a public health approach to autism research. Fundamental to the public health perspective is a focus on health determinants to improve quality of life and to reduce the potential for adverse outcomes across the general population, including in vulnerable subgroups. While the public health research process can be conceptualized as a linear, 3-stage path consisting of discovery - testing - translation/dissemination/implementation, in this paper we propose an integrated, cyclical research framework to advance autism public health objectives in a more comprehensive manner. This involves discovery of primary, secondary and tertiary determinants of health in autism; and use of this evidence base to develop and test detection, intervention, and dissemination strategies and the means to implement them in 'real world' settings. The proposed framework serves to facilitate identification of knowledge gaps, translational barriers, and shortfalls in implementation; guides an iterative research cycle; facilitates purposeful integration of stakeholders and interdisciplinary researchers; and may yield more efficient achievement of improved health and well-being among persons on the autism spectrum at the population-level. LAY SUMMARY: Scientists need better ways to identify and address gaps in autism research, conduct research with stakeholders, and use findings to improve the lives of autistic people. We recommend an approach, based in public health science, to guide research in ways that might impact lives more quickly. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2689 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473

Associations between accelerated parental biologic age, autism spectrum disorder, social traits, and developmental and cognitive outcomes in their children / Ashley Y. SONG in Autism Research, 15-12 (December 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-12 (December 2022) . - p.2359-2370 Titre : Associations between accelerated parental biologic age, autism spectrum disorder, social traits, and developmental and cognitive outcomes in their children Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ashley Y. SONG, Auteur ; Kelly BAKULSKI, Auteur ; Jason I. FEINBERG, Auteur ; Craig NEWSCHAFFER, Auteur ; Lisa A. CROEN, Auteur ; Irva HERTZ-PICCIOTTO, Auteur ; Rebecca J. SCHMIDT, Auteur ; Homayoon FARZADEGAN, Auteur ; Kristen LYALL, Auteur ; M Daniele FALLIN, Auteur ; Heather E. VOLK, Auteur ; Christine LADD-ACOSTA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2359-2370 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Child  Male  Pregnancy  Female  Humans  Autism Spectrum Disorder/epidemiology/genetics  Prospective Studies  Parents  Cognition  Biological Products  Epigenesis, Genetic  DNA methylation  age acceleration  autism spectrum disorder  autism-related traits  biologic age  epigenetic age  parental age Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Parental age is a known risk factor for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), however, studies to identify the biologic changes underpinning this association are limited. In recent years, "epigenetic clock" algorithms have been developed to estimate biologic age and to evaluate how the epigenetic aging impacts health and disease. In this study, we examined the relationship between parental epigenetic aging and their child's prospective risk of ASD and autism related quantitative traits in the Early Autism Risk Longitudinal Investigation study. Estimates of epigenetic age were computed using three robust clock algorithms and DNA methylation measures from the Infinium HumanMethylation450k platform for maternal blood and paternal blood specimens collected during pregnancy. Epigenetic age acceleration was defined as the residual of regressing chronological age on epigenetic age while accounting for cell type proportions. Multinomial logistic regression and linear regression models were completed adjusting for potential confounders for both maternal epigenetic age acceleration (n = 163) and paternal epigenetic age acceleration (n = 80). We found accelerated epigenetic aging in mothers estimated by Hannum's clock was significantly associated with lower cognitive ability and function in offspring at 12 months, as measured by Mullen Scales of Early Learning scores (Î2 = -1.66, 95% CI: -3.28, -0.04 for a one-unit increase). We also observed a marginal association between accelerated maternal epigenetic aging by Horvath's clock and increased odds of ASD in offspring at 36 months of age (aOR = 1.12, 95% CI: 0.99, 1.26). By contrast, fathers accelerated aging was marginally associated with decreased ASD risk in their offspring (aOR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.68, 1.01). Our findings suggest epigenetic aging could play a role in parental age risks on child brain development. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2822 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=488 [article] Associations between accelerated parental biologic age, autism spectrum disorder, social traits, and developmental and cognitive outcomes in their children [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ashley Y. SONG, Auteur ; Kelly BAKULSKI, Auteur ; Jason I. FEINBERG, Auteur ; Craig NEWSCHAFFER, Auteur ; Lisa A. CROEN, Auteur ; Irva HERTZ-PICCIOTTO, Auteur ; Rebecca J. SCHMIDT, Auteur ; Homayoon FARZADEGAN, Auteur ; Kristen LYALL, Auteur ; M Daniele FALLIN, Auteur ; Heather E. VOLK, Auteur ; Christine LADD-ACOSTA, Auteur . - p.2359-2370. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-12 (December 2022) . - p.2359-2370 Mots-clés : Child  Male  Pregnancy  Female  Humans  Autism Spectrum Disorder/epidemiology/genetics  Prospective Studies  Parents  Cognition  Biological Products  Epigenesis, Genetic  DNA methylation  age acceleration  autism spectrum disorder  autism-related traits  biologic age  epigenetic age  parental age Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Parental age is a known risk factor for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), however, studies to identify the biologic changes underpinning this association are limited. In recent years, "epigenetic clock" algorithms have been developed to estimate biologic age and to evaluate how the epigenetic aging impacts health and disease. In this study, we examined the relationship between parental epigenetic aging and their child's prospective risk of ASD and autism related quantitative traits in the Early Autism Risk Longitudinal Investigation study. Estimates of epigenetic age were computed using three robust clock algorithms and DNA methylation measures from the Infinium HumanMethylation450k platform for maternal blood and paternal blood specimens collected during pregnancy. Epigenetic age acceleration was defined as the residual of regressing chronological age on epigenetic age while accounting for cell type proportions. Multinomial logistic regression and linear regression models were completed adjusting for potential confounders for both maternal epigenetic age acceleration (n = 163) and paternal epigenetic age acceleration (n = 80). We found accelerated epigenetic aging in mothers estimated by Hannum's clock was significantly associated with lower cognitive ability and function in offspring at 12 months, as measured by Mullen Scales of Early Learning scores (Î2 = -1.66, 95% CI: -3.28, -0.04 for a one-unit increase). We also observed a marginal association between accelerated maternal epigenetic aging by Horvath's clock and increased odds of ASD in offspring at 36 months of age (aOR = 1.12, 95% CI: 0.99, 1.26). By contrast, fathers accelerated aging was marginally associated with decreased ASD risk in their offspring (aOR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.68, 1.01). Our findings suggest epigenetic aging could play a role in parental age risks on child brain development. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2822 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=488

Characterizing self-reported physical activity before and during a subsequent pregnancy among parents in a familial autism cohort / Megan G BRAGG in Autism, 29-1 (January 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 29-1 (January 2025) . - p.143-154 Titre : Characterizing self-reported physical activity before and during a subsequent pregnancy among parents in a familial autism cohort Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Megan G BRAGG, Auteur ; Olivia VESEY, Auteur ; Jorge E CHAVARRO, Auteur ; Jaime E HART, Auteur ; Loni Philip TABB, Auteur ; Marc G WEISSKOPF, Auteur ; Lisa A CROEN, Auteur ; Daniele FALLIN, Auteur ; Irva HERTZ-PICCIOTTO, Auteur ; Craig NEWSCHAFFER, Auteur ; Rebecca J SCHMIDT, Auteur ; Heather VOLK, Auteur ; Kristen LYALL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.143-154 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : family functioning and support  quality of life  risk factor epidemiology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Parents of autistic children report barriers to engaging in physical activity, which may be exacerbated during subsequent pregnancies. We aimed to describe physical activity of parents caring for an autistic child, before and during a subsequent pregnancy, and to explore whether physical activity was associated with the autistic child?s Social Responsiveness Scale score, a measure of autism-related traits. We used data from the Early Autism Risk Longitudinal Investigation, in which families with an autistic child were followed through a subsequent pregnancy. Mothers (n = 245) self-reported physical activity in the 3?months before conception and during pregnancy; fathers (n = 130) reported on the 6?months prior to enrollment. Approximately 40% of nonpregnant mothers and fathers and 9.3% of pregnant mothers met Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans recommendations. Most (83.5%) pregnant mothers reported no vigorous activity; after adjustment for covariates, this was more common among mothers of children with Social Responsiveness Scale T-scores >75 compared with mothers of children with lower T-scores (adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 2.94 (1.11, 7.78)). Among parents caring for an autistic child before and during a subsequent pregnancy, physical activity was lower than recommended. Family-based interventions may be necessary to help support physical activity levels.Lay AbstractParents of autistic children may have limited time and resources to participate in physical activity, a key aspect of health. Previous studies have been small and included mostly mothers, rather than fathers. No studies have examined physical activity in these parents during another pregnancy, when physical activity is especially important for maternal and fetal health. We aimed to fill this gap by examining physical activity levels among mothers and fathers caring for an autistic child before and during a subsequent pregnancy. We used data from a study which followed pregnant individuals who already had a child with autism. We asked mothers and fathers to report their levels of moderate and vigorous physical activity. We found that mothers and fathers of autistic children reported lower physical activity levels than the national average and were unlikely to meet Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. Pregnant mothers were the least likely to participate in physical activity, particularly if their autistic child scored highly on a measure of autistic traits. Given that parental physical activity has benefits for parents and children, family-based interventions may be needed to help support parents' physical activity levels. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241273034 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=544 [article] Characterizing self-reported physical activity before and during a subsequent pregnancy among parents in a familial autism cohort [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Megan G BRAGG, Auteur ; Olivia VESEY, Auteur ; Jorge E CHAVARRO, Auteur ; Jaime E HART, Auteur ; Loni Philip TABB, Auteur ; Marc G WEISSKOPF, Auteur ; Lisa A CROEN, Auteur ; Daniele FALLIN, Auteur ; Irva HERTZ-PICCIOTTO, Auteur ; Craig NEWSCHAFFER, Auteur ; Rebecca J SCHMIDT, Auteur ; Heather VOLK, Auteur ; Kristen LYALL, Auteur . - p.143-154. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 29-1 (January 2025) . - p.143-154 Mots-clés : family functioning and support  quality of life  risk factor epidemiology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Parents of autistic children report barriers to engaging in physical activity, which may be exacerbated during subsequent pregnancies. We aimed to describe physical activity of parents caring for an autistic child, before and during a subsequent pregnancy, and to explore whether physical activity was associated with the autistic child?s Social Responsiveness Scale score, a measure of autism-related traits. We used data from the Early Autism Risk Longitudinal Investigation, in which families with an autistic child were followed through a subsequent pregnancy. Mothers (n = 245) self-reported physical activity in the 3?months before conception and during pregnancy; fathers (n = 130) reported on the 6?months prior to enrollment. Approximately 40% of nonpregnant mothers and fathers and 9.3% of pregnant mothers met Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans recommendations. Most (83.5%) pregnant mothers reported no vigorous activity; after adjustment for covariates, this was more common among mothers of children with Social Responsiveness Scale T-scores >75 compared with mothers of children with lower T-scores (adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 2.94 (1.11, 7.78)). Among parents caring for an autistic child before and during a subsequent pregnancy, physical activity was lower than recommended. Family-based interventions may be necessary to help support physical activity levels.Lay AbstractParents of autistic children may have limited time and resources to participate in physical activity, a key aspect of health. Previous studies have been small and included mostly mothers, rather than fathers. No studies have examined physical activity in these parents during another pregnancy, when physical activity is especially important for maternal and fetal health. We aimed to fill this gap by examining physical activity levels among mothers and fathers caring for an autistic child before and during a subsequent pregnancy. We used data from a study which followed pregnant individuals who already had a child with autism. We asked mothers and fathers to report their levels of moderate and vigorous physical activity. We found that mothers and fathers of autistic children reported lower physical activity levels than the national average and were unlikely to meet Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. Pregnant mothers were the least likely to participate in physical activity, particularly if their autistic child scored highly on a measure of autistic traits. Given that parental physical activity has benefits for parents and children, family-based interventions may be needed to help support parents' physical activity levels. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241273034 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=544

Examining associations between prenatal biomarkers of oxidative stress and ASD-related outcomes using quantile regression / Meghan E. Carey in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 53-8 (August 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 53-8 (August 2023) . - p.2975-2985 Titre : Examining associations between prenatal biomarkers of oxidative stress and ASD-related outcomes using quantile regression Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Meghan E. Carey, Auteur ; Juliette RANDO, Auteur ; Stepan MELNYK, Auteur ; S. Jill JAMES, Auteur ; Nathaniel SNYDER, Auteur ; Carolyn SALAFIA, Auteur ; Lisa A. CROEN, Auteur ; M. Daniele FALLIN, Auteur ; Irva HERTZ-PICCIOTTO, Auteur ; Heather VOLK, Auteur ; Craig NEWSCHAFFER, Auteur ; Kristen LYALL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2975-2985 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We examined associations between prenatal oxidative stress (OS) and child autism-related outcomes. Women with an autistic child were followed through a subsequent pregnancy and that younger sibling?s childhood. Associations between glutathione (GSH), glutathione disulfide (GSSG), 8-oxo-deoxyguanine (8-OHdG), and nitrotyrosine and younger sibling Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) scores were examined using quantile regression. Increasing GSH:GSSG (suggesting decreasing OS) was associated with minor increases in SRS scores (50th percentile ?: 1.78, 95% CI: 0.67, 3.06); no other associations were observed. Results from this cohort with increased risk for autism do not support a strong relationship between OS in late pregnancy and autism-related outcomes. Results may be specific to those with enriched autism risk; future work should consider other timepoints and biomarkers. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-022-05625-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=508 [article] Examining associations between prenatal biomarkers of oxidative stress and ASD-related outcomes using quantile regression [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Meghan E. Carey, Auteur ; Juliette RANDO, Auteur ; Stepan MELNYK, Auteur ; S. Jill JAMES, Auteur ; Nathaniel SNYDER, Auteur ; Carolyn SALAFIA, Auteur ; Lisa A. CROEN, Auteur ; M. Daniele FALLIN, Auteur ; Irva HERTZ-PICCIOTTO, Auteur ; Heather VOLK, Auteur ; Craig NEWSCHAFFER, Auteur ; Kristen LYALL, Auteur . - p.2975-2985. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 53-8 (August 2023) . - p.2975-2985 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We examined associations between prenatal oxidative stress (OS) and child autism-related outcomes. Women with an autistic child were followed through a subsequent pregnancy and that younger sibling?s childhood. Associations between glutathione (GSH), glutathione disulfide (GSSG), 8-oxo-deoxyguanine (8-OHdG), and nitrotyrosine and younger sibling Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) scores were examined using quantile regression. Increasing GSH:GSSG (suggesting decreasing OS) was associated with minor increases in SRS scores (50th percentile ?: 1.78, 95% CI: 0.67, 3.06); no other associations were observed. Results from this cohort with increased risk for autism do not support a strong relationship between OS in late pregnancy and autism-related outcomes. Results may be specific to those with enriched autism risk; future work should consider other timepoints and biomarkers. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-022-05625-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=508

Parental age at birth, telomere length, and autism spectrum disorders in the UK Biobank cohort / Qiaofeng YE in Autism Research, 17-11 (November 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 17-11 (November 2024) . - p.2223-2231 Titre : Parental age at birth, telomere length, and autism spectrum disorders in the UK Biobank cohort Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Qiaofeng YE, Auteur ; Abner T. APSLEY, Auteur ; Waylon J. HASTINGS, Auteur ; Laura ETZEL, Auteur ; Craig NEWSCHAFFER, Auteur ; Idan SHALEV, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2223-2231 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adults  autism spectrum disorders  parental age at birth  telomere length  UK Biobank Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Older parental age at birth is associated with increased risk of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in offspring. Independently, shorter telomere length (TL) has also been shown to be associated with ASD in children. However, older paternal age at birth, with or without controlling for maternal age, has been associated with longer TL, a seemingly contradictory finding. Here, we conducted a retrospective cohort study among participants in the UK Biobank to disentangle associations between leukocyte TL and ASD status in adults, and the potential moderation by parental age on adult offspring's TL. Participants with ASD diagnosis (N?=?87) with a mean age of 46.0 (SD 4.4) years were matched to participants without ASD diagnosis (N?=?870) based on age, sex, ethnicity, education, household income, and assessment center. No statistically significant differences were seen in TL between participants with and without ASD when parental age at birth was not considered. However, there was a significant interaction between ASD diagnostic status and parental age on participants' TL, such that older paternal or maternal age at birth was more strongly associated with longer TL in participants with ASD. This study suggests that the shortened TL observed in children with ASD in previous research may partially depend on parental age at birth. Future studies tracking TL attrition before ASD diagnosis are warranted to depict temporal associations and the interacting effects of parental age at birth and ASD status on TL across the lifespan. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3258 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=542 [article] Parental age at birth, telomere length, and autism spectrum disorders in the UK Biobank cohort [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Qiaofeng YE, Auteur ; Abner T. APSLEY, Auteur ; Waylon J. HASTINGS, Auteur ; Laura ETZEL, Auteur ; Craig NEWSCHAFFER, Auteur ; Idan SHALEV, Auteur . - p.2223-2231. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 17-11 (November 2024) . - p.2223-2231 Mots-clés : adults  autism spectrum disorders  parental age at birth  telomere length  UK Biobank Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Older parental age at birth is associated with increased risk of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in offspring. Independently, shorter telomere length (TL) has also been shown to be associated with ASD in children. However, older paternal age at birth, with or without controlling for maternal age, has been associated with longer TL, a seemingly contradictory finding. Here, we conducted a retrospective cohort study among participants in the UK Biobank to disentangle associations between leukocyte TL and ASD status in adults, and the potential moderation by parental age on adult offspring's TL. Participants with ASD diagnosis (N?=?87) with a mean age of 46.0 (SD 4.4) years were matched to participants without ASD diagnosis (N?=?870) based on age, sex, ethnicity, education, household income, and assessment center. No statistically significant differences were seen in TL between participants with and without ASD when parental age at birth was not considered. However, there was a significant interaction between ASD diagnostic status and parental age on participants' TL, such that older paternal or maternal age at birth was more strongly associated with longer TL in participants with ASD. This study suggests that the shortened TL observed in children with ASD in previous research may partially depend on parental age at birth. Future studies tracking TL attrition before ASD diagnosis are warranted to depict temporal associations and the interacting effects of parental age at birth and ASD status on TL across the lifespan. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3258 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=542

The Periodic Risk Evaluation: A new tool to link Medicaid-enrolled autistic adults to services and support / Lindsay SHEA in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 98 (October 2022)  

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