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Auteur Simon BARON-COHEN |
Documents disponibles écrits par cet auteur (211)
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Does Autism Occur More Often in Families of Physicists, Engineers, and Mathematicians? / Simon BARON-COHEN in Autism, 2-3 (September 1998)
[article]
Titre : Does Autism Occur More Often in Families of Physicists, Engineers, and Mathematicians? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.296-301 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The study reported here tests a prediction that autism hould occur more often in families of individuals whose occupation requires advanced folk physics but with no requirement of good folk psychology. Physics, engineering, and mathematics are paradigm examples of such occupations. Students in Cambridge University, studying one of these three subjects, were screened anonymously for cases of autism in their families. Relative to a control group of students studying literature, autism was reported to occur significantly more often in families of students in the fields of physics, engineering, and mathematics. Such results are consistent with the prediction. This study necessarily involved anonymous self-report methods, so the reliability and validity of diagnoses are unknown. Future replications should attempt a non-anonymous study so as to establish if this association is robust. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361398023008 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=207
in Autism > 2-3 (September 1998) . - p.296-301[article] Does Autism Occur More Often in Families of Physicists, Engineers, and Mathematicians? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur . - p.296-301.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism > 2-3 (September 1998) . - p.296-301
Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The study reported here tests a prediction that autism hould occur more often in families of individuals whose occupation requires advanced folk physics but with no requirement of good folk psychology. Physics, engineering, and mathematics are paradigm examples of such occupations. Students in Cambridge University, studying one of these three subjects, were screened anonymously for cases of autism in their families. Relative to a control group of students studying literature, autism was reported to occur significantly more often in families of students in the fields of physics, engineering, and mathematics. Such results are consistent with the prediction. This study necessarily involved anonymous self-report methods, so the reliability and validity of diagnoses are unknown. Future replications should attempt a non-anonymous study so as to establish if this association is robust. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361398023008 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=207
[article]
Titre : DSM-5: the debate continues Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Joseph D. BUXBAUM, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : 2 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We are fortunate to have invited commentaries from the laboratories of Dr Cathy Lord and Dr Fred Volkmar offering their perspectives on the new Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-5 criteria for the autism spectrum. Both commentaries note how DSM-5 collapses the earlier diagnostic categories of the pervasive developmental disorders into a single category of autism spectrum disorder. In addition, DSM-5 collapses social and communication domains into a single combined domain. The commentaries go on to discuss the positive aspects of these changes and raise some areas of potential concern. We support the evidence-based changes to autism diagnosis found in DSM-5, and look forward to further studies on the autism phenotype as this has implications for diagnosis and treatment. As our mechanistic understanding of autism improves, diagnoses based on behavioral parameters will continue to provide opportunities for interventions targeting the behaviors, while etiological diagnoses will provide opportunities for interventions tailored to etiology. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2040-2392-4-11 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=202
in Molecular Autism > (May 2013) . - 2 p.[article] DSM-5: the debate continues [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Joseph D. BUXBAUM, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur . - 2013 . - 2 p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Molecular Autism > (May 2013) . - 2 p.
Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We are fortunate to have invited commentaries from the laboratories of Dr Cathy Lord and Dr Fred Volkmar offering their perspectives on the new Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-5 criteria for the autism spectrum. Both commentaries note how DSM-5 collapses the earlier diagnostic categories of the pervasive developmental disorders into a single category of autism spectrum disorder. In addition, DSM-5 collapses social and communication domains into a single combined domain. The commentaries go on to discuss the positive aspects of these changes and raise some areas of potential concern. We support the evidence-based changes to autism diagnosis found in DSM-5, and look forward to further studies on the autism phenotype as this has implications for diagnosis and treatment. As our mechanistic understanding of autism improves, diagnoses based on behavioral parameters will continue to provide opportunities for interventions targeting the behaviors, while etiological diagnoses will provide opportunities for interventions tailored to etiology. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2040-2392-4-11 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=202 Dyspraxia and autistic traits in adults with and without autism spectrum conditions / Sarah A. CASSIDY in Molecular Autism, 7 (2016)
[article]
Titre : Dyspraxia and autistic traits in adults with and without autism spectrum conditions Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sarah A. CASSIDY, Auteur ; P. HANNANT, Auteur ; Teresa TAVASSOLI, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; P. SMITH, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : 48p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescent Adult Aged Apraxias/complications/physiopathology/psychology Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications/physiopathology/psychology Autistic Disorder/complications/physiopathology/psychology Case-Control Studies Empathy Female Humans Male Middle Aged Phenotype Psychological Tests Psychomotor Performance Social Skills Surveys and Questionnaires Autism spectrum conditions Autistic traits Co-morbidity Dyspraxia Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Autism spectrum conditions (ASC) are frequently associated with motor coordination difficulties. However, no studies have explored the prevalence of dyspraxia in a large sample of individuals with and without ASC or associations between dyspraxia and autistic traits in these individuals. METHODS: Two thousand eight hundred seventy-one adults (with ASC) and 10,706 controls (without ASC) self-reported whether they have been diagnosed with dyspraxia. A subsample of participants then completed the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ; 1237 ASC and 6765 controls) and the Empathy Quotient (EQ; 1147 ASC and 6129 controls) online through the Autism Research Centre website. The prevalence of dyspraxia was compared between those with and without ASC. AQ and EQ scores were compared across the four groups: (1) adults with ASC with dyspraxia, (2) adults with ASC without dyspraxia, (3) controls with dyspraxia, and (4) controls without dyspraxia. RESULTS: Adults with ASC were significantly more likely to report a diagnosis of dyspraxia (6.9%) than those without ASC (0.8%). In the ASC group, those with co-morbid diagnosis of dyspraxia did not have significantly different AQ or EQ scores than those without co-morbid dyspraxia. However, in the control group (without ASC), those with dyspraxia had significantly higher AQ and lower EQ scores than those without dyspraxia. CONCLUSIONS: Dyspraxia is significantly more prevalent in adults with ASC compared to controls, confirming reports that motor coordination difficulties are significantly more common in this group. Interestingly, in the general population, dyspraxia was associated with significantly higher autistic traits and lower empathy. These results suggest that motor coordination skills are important for effective social skills and empathy. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-016-0112-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=328
in Molecular Autism > 7 (2016) . - 48p.[article] Dyspraxia and autistic traits in adults with and without autism spectrum conditions [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sarah A. CASSIDY, Auteur ; P. HANNANT, Auteur ; Teresa TAVASSOLI, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; P. SMITH, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur . - 48p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Molecular Autism > 7 (2016) . - 48p.
Mots-clés : Adolescent Adult Aged Apraxias/complications/physiopathology/psychology Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications/physiopathology/psychology Autistic Disorder/complications/physiopathology/psychology Case-Control Studies Empathy Female Humans Male Middle Aged Phenotype Psychological Tests Psychomotor Performance Social Skills Surveys and Questionnaires Autism spectrum conditions Autistic traits Co-morbidity Dyspraxia Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Autism spectrum conditions (ASC) are frequently associated with motor coordination difficulties. However, no studies have explored the prevalence of dyspraxia in a large sample of individuals with and without ASC or associations between dyspraxia and autistic traits in these individuals. METHODS: Two thousand eight hundred seventy-one adults (with ASC) and 10,706 controls (without ASC) self-reported whether they have been diagnosed with dyspraxia. A subsample of participants then completed the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ; 1237 ASC and 6765 controls) and the Empathy Quotient (EQ; 1147 ASC and 6129 controls) online through the Autism Research Centre website. The prevalence of dyspraxia was compared between those with and without ASC. AQ and EQ scores were compared across the four groups: (1) adults with ASC with dyspraxia, (2) adults with ASC without dyspraxia, (3) controls with dyspraxia, and (4) controls without dyspraxia. RESULTS: Adults with ASC were significantly more likely to report a diagnosis of dyspraxia (6.9%) than those without ASC (0.8%). In the ASC group, those with co-morbid diagnosis of dyspraxia did not have significantly different AQ or EQ scores than those without co-morbid dyspraxia. However, in the control group (without ASC), those with dyspraxia had significantly higher AQ and lower EQ scores than those without dyspraxia. CONCLUSIONS: Dyspraxia is significantly more prevalent in adults with ASC compared to controls, confirming reports that motor coordination difficulties are significantly more common in this group. Interestingly, in the general population, dyspraxia was associated with significantly higher autistic traits and lower empathy. These results suggest that motor coordination skills are important for effective social skills and empathy. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-016-0112-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=328 Editorial Perspective: Neurodiversity – a revolutionary concept for autism and psychiatry / Simon BARON-COHEN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58-6 (June 2017)
[article]
Titre : Editorial Perspective: Neurodiversity – a revolutionary concept for autism and psychiatry Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.744-747 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Should we continue to refer to autism as a ‘disease’ or ‘disorder’, or is the framework of ‘neurodiversity’ a more humane and accurate lens through which to view people with autism? Evidence at the genetic, neural, behavioural and cognitive levels reveals people with autism show both differences, and signs of disability, but not disorder. Disability requires societal support, acceptance of difference and diversity, and societal “reasonable adjustment”, whilst disorder is usually taken to require cure or treatment. These are very different frameworks. It will be important to see how the concept of neurodiversity is applied to the 300 diagnoses in DSM-5, and if it revolutionizes both the science and the practice of psychiatry. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12703 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=308
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-6 (June 2017) . - p.744-747[article] Editorial Perspective: Neurodiversity – a revolutionary concept for autism and psychiatry [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur . - p.744-747.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-6 (June 2017) . - p.744-747
Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Should we continue to refer to autism as a ‘disease’ or ‘disorder’, or is the framework of ‘neurodiversity’ a more humane and accurate lens through which to view people with autism? Evidence at the genetic, neural, behavioural and cognitive levels reveals people with autism show both differences, and signs of disability, but not disorder. Disability requires societal support, acceptance of difference and diversity, and societal “reasonable adjustment”, whilst disorder is usually taken to require cure or treatment. These are very different frameworks. It will be important to see how the concept of neurodiversity is applied to the 300 diagnoses in DSM-5, and if it revolutionizes both the science and the practice of psychiatry. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12703 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=308 Effects of oxytocin administration on salivary sex hormone levels in autistic and neurotypical women / Tanya L. PROCYSHYN in Molecular Autism, 11 (2020)
[article]
Titre : Effects of oxytocin administration on salivary sex hormone levels in autistic and neurotypical women Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Tanya L. PROCYSHYN, Auteur ; Michael V. LOMBARDO, Auteur ; Meng-Chuan LAI, Auteur ; Bonnie AUYEUNG, Auteur ; Sarah K. CROCKFORD, Auteur ; J. DEAKIN, Auteur ; S. SOUBRAMANIAN, Auteur ; A. SULE, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Richard A. I. BETHLEHEM, Auteur Article en page(s) : 20 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Autistic women Oestradiol Oxytocin Salivary hormone levels Sex steroids Testosterone Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Oxytocin administration, which may be of therapeutic value for individuals with social difficulties, is likely to affect endogenous levels of other socially relevant hormones. However, to date, the effects of oxytocin administration on endogenous hormones have only been examined in neurotypical individuals. The need to consider multi-hormone interactions is particularly warranted in oxytocin trials for autism due to evidence of irregularities in both oxytocin and sex steroid systems. METHODS: In this double-blind cross-over study, saliva samples were collected from 16 autistic and 29 neurotypical women before and after intranasal administration of 24?IU oxytocin or placebo. Oestradiol, testosterone, and oxytocin levels were quantified in saliva samples. Participants also completed the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) and Empathy Quotient (EQ) questionnaires. RESULTS: Distinct patterns of change in testosterone and oestradiol levels pre- to-post-administration were observed in autistic relative to neurotypical women (ANCOVA, p < 0.05 main effect of Group), controlling for sample collection time. The mean percent change oestradiol was + 8.8% for the autism group and - 13.0% for the neurotypical group (t = 1.81, p = 0.08), while the mean percent change testosterone was + 1.1% in the autism group and - 12.6% in the neurotypical group (t = 1.26, p = 0.22). In the oxytocin condition, the mean percent change oestradiol was + 12.6% in the autism group and - 6.9% in the neurotypical group (t = 1.78, p = 0.08), while the mean percent change testosterone was + 14.4% in the autism group and - 15.2% in the neurotypical group (t = 3.00, p = 0.006). Robust regression confirmed that group differences in percent change hormone levels were not driven by a small number of influential individuals. Baseline hormone levels did not differ between groups when considered individually. However, baseline testosterone relative to oestradiol (T:E2 ratio) was higher in autistic women (p = 0.023, Cohen's d = 0.63), and this ratio correlated positively and negatively with AQ and EQ scores, respectively, in the combined sample. LIMITATIONS: Further studies with larger and more diverse autistic sample are warranted to confirm these effects. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the first evidence that oxytocin influences endogenous testosterone levels in autistic individuals, with autistic women showing increases similar to previous reports of neurotypical men. These findings highlight the need to consider sex steroid hormones as a variable in future oxytocin trials. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-020-00326-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=427
in Molecular Autism > 11 (2020) . - 20 p.[article] Effects of oxytocin administration on salivary sex hormone levels in autistic and neurotypical women [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Tanya L. PROCYSHYN, Auteur ; Michael V. LOMBARDO, Auteur ; Meng-Chuan LAI, Auteur ; Bonnie AUYEUNG, Auteur ; Sarah K. CROCKFORD, Auteur ; J. DEAKIN, Auteur ; S. SOUBRAMANIAN, Auteur ; A. SULE, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Richard A. I. BETHLEHEM, Auteur . - 20 p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Molecular Autism > 11 (2020) . - 20 p.
Mots-clés : Autism Autistic women Oestradiol Oxytocin Salivary hormone levels Sex steroids Testosterone Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Oxytocin administration, which may be of therapeutic value for individuals with social difficulties, is likely to affect endogenous levels of other socially relevant hormones. However, to date, the effects of oxytocin administration on endogenous hormones have only been examined in neurotypical individuals. The need to consider multi-hormone interactions is particularly warranted in oxytocin trials for autism due to evidence of irregularities in both oxytocin and sex steroid systems. METHODS: In this double-blind cross-over study, saliva samples were collected from 16 autistic and 29 neurotypical women before and after intranasal administration of 24?IU oxytocin or placebo. Oestradiol, testosterone, and oxytocin levels were quantified in saliva samples. Participants also completed the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) and Empathy Quotient (EQ) questionnaires. RESULTS: Distinct patterns of change in testosterone and oestradiol levels pre- to-post-administration were observed in autistic relative to neurotypical women (ANCOVA, p < 0.05 main effect of Group), controlling for sample collection time. The mean percent change oestradiol was + 8.8% for the autism group and - 13.0% for the neurotypical group (t = 1.81, p = 0.08), while the mean percent change testosterone was + 1.1% in the autism group and - 12.6% in the neurotypical group (t = 1.26, p = 0.22). In the oxytocin condition, the mean percent change oestradiol was + 12.6% in the autism group and - 6.9% in the neurotypical group (t = 1.78, p = 0.08), while the mean percent change testosterone was + 14.4% in the autism group and - 15.2% in the neurotypical group (t = 3.00, p = 0.006). Robust regression confirmed that group differences in percent change hormone levels were not driven by a small number of influential individuals. Baseline hormone levels did not differ between groups when considered individually. However, baseline testosterone relative to oestradiol (T:E2 ratio) was higher in autistic women (p = 0.023, Cohen's d = 0.63), and this ratio correlated positively and negatively with AQ and EQ scores, respectively, in the combined sample. LIMITATIONS: Further studies with larger and more diverse autistic sample are warranted to confirm these effects. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the first evidence that oxytocin influences endogenous testosterone levels in autistic individuals, with autistic women showing increases similar to previous reports of neurotypical men. These findings highlight the need to consider sex steroid hormones as a variable in future oxytocin trials. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-020-00326-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=427 Empathizing and Systemizing in Adults with and without Autism Spectrum Conditions: Cross-Cultural Stability / Akio WAKABAYASHI in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37-10 (November 2007)
PermalinkEmpathizing and Systemizing in Autism Spectrum Conditions / Simon BARON-COHEN
PermalinkEngineering and Autism: Exploring the Link Further: Reply to Wolff, Braunsberg and Islam / Simon BARON-COHEN in Autism, 2-1 (March 1998)
PermalinkEnhanced Discrimination of Novel, Highly Similar Stimuli by Adults with Autism During a Perceptual Learning Task / Kate C. PLAISTED in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 39-5 (July 1998)
PermalinkEnhanced olfactory sensitivity in autism spectrum conditions / Chris ASHWIN in Molecular Autism, (November 2014)
PermalinkEnhanced Visual Search for a Conjunctive Target in Autism: A Research Note / Kate C. PLAISTED in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 39-5 (July 1998)
PermalinkEnhancing Emotion Recognition in Children with Autism Spectrum Conditions: An Intervention Using Animated Vehicles with Real Emotional Faces / Ofer GOLAN in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40-3 (March 2010)
PermalinkEnhancing emotion recognition in young autistic children with or without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Hong Kong using a Chinese App version of The Transporters / Janice Ka-Yan CHAN in Autism, 28-4 (April 2024)
PermalinkErratum: Measuring autistic traits in the general population: a systematic review of the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) in a nonclinical population sample of 6,900 typical adult males and females / Emily RUZICH in Molecular Autism, (August 2015)
PermalinkExperience of mental health diagnosis and perceived misdiagnosis in autistic, possibly autistic and non-autistic adults / S. K. AU-YEUNG in Autism, 23-6 (August 2019)
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