5 recherche sur le mot-clé 'optimal outcomes'

Academic abilities in children and adolescents with a history of autism spectrum disorders who have achieved optimal outcomes / Eva TROYB in Autism, 18-3 (April 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 18-3 (April 2014) . - p.233-243 Titre : Academic abilities in children and adolescents with a history of autism spectrum disorders who have achieved optimal outcomes Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Eva TROYB, Auteur ; Alyssa ORINSTEIN, Auteur ; Katherine TYSON, Auteur ; Molly HELT, Auteur ; Inge-Marie EIGSTI, Auteur ; Michael C. STEVENS, Auteur ; Deborah A. FEIN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.233-243 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : academic functioning  optimal outcomes  outcomes  autism spectrum disorders  high-functioning autism Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study examines the academic abilities of children and adolescents who were once diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder, but who no longer meet diagnostic criteria for this disorder. These individuals have achieved social and language skills within the average range for their ages, receive little or no school support, and are referred to as having achieved “optimal outcomes.” Performance of 32 individuals who achieved optimal outcomes, 41 high-functioning individuals with a current autism spectrum disorder diagnosis (high-functioning autism), and 34 typically developing peers was compared on measures of decoding, reading comprehension, mathematical problem solving, and written expression. Groups were matched on age, sex, and nonverbal IQ; however, the high-functioning autism group scored significantly lower than the optimal outcome and typically developing groups on verbal IQ. All three groups performed in the average range on all subtests measured, and no significant differences were found in performance of the optimal outcome and typically developing groups. The high-functioning autism group scored significantly lower on subtests of reading comprehension and mathematical problem solving than the optimal outcome group. These findings suggest that the academic abilities of individuals who achieved optimal outcomes are similar to those of their typically developing peers, even in areas where individuals who have retained their autism spectrum disorder diagnoses exhibit some ongoing difficulty. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361312473519 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=229 [article] Academic abilities in children and adolescents with a history of autism spectrum disorders who have achieved optimal outcomes [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Eva TROYB, Auteur ; Alyssa ORINSTEIN, Auteur ; Katherine TYSON, Auteur ; Molly HELT, Auteur ; Inge-Marie EIGSTI, Auteur ; Michael C. STEVENS, Auteur ; Deborah A. FEIN, Auteur . - p.233-243. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 18-3 (April 2014) . - p.233-243 Mots-clés : academic functioning  optimal outcomes  outcomes  autism spectrum disorders  high-functioning autism Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study examines the academic abilities of children and adolescents who were once diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder, but who no longer meet diagnostic criteria for this disorder. These individuals have achieved social and language skills within the average range for their ages, receive little or no school support, and are referred to as having achieved “optimal outcomes.” Performance of 32 individuals who achieved optimal outcomes, 41 high-functioning individuals with a current autism spectrum disorder diagnosis (high-functioning autism), and 34 typically developing peers was compared on measures of decoding, reading comprehension, mathematical problem solving, and written expression. Groups were matched on age, sex, and nonverbal IQ; however, the high-functioning autism group scored significantly lower than the optimal outcome and typically developing groups on verbal IQ. All three groups performed in the average range on all subtests measured, and no significant differences were found in performance of the optimal outcome and typically developing groups. The high-functioning autism group scored significantly lower on subtests of reading comprehension and mathematical problem solving than the optimal outcome group. These findings suggest that the academic abilities of individuals who achieved optimal outcomes are similar to those of their typically developing peers, even in areas where individuals who have retained their autism spectrum disorder diagnoses exhibit some ongoing difficulty. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361312473519 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=229

Detail and Gestalt Focus in Individuals with Optimal Outcomes from Autism Spectrum Disorders / Allison FITCH in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45-6 (June 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 45-6 (June 2015) . - p.1887-1896 Titre : Detail and Gestalt Focus in Individuals with Optimal Outcomes from Autism Spectrum Disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Allison FITCH, Auteur ; Deborah A. FEIN, Auteur ; Inge-Marie EIGSTI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1887-1896 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Pragmatic language  Global/local bias  Weak central coherence  Optimal outcomes  Executive function Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with high-functioning autism (HFA) have a cognitive style that privileges local over global or gestalt details. While not a core symptom of autism, individuals with HFA seem to reliably show this bias. Our lab has been studying a sample of children who have overcome their early ASD diagnoses, showing “optimal outcomes” (OO). This study characterizes performance by OO, HFA, and typically developing (TD) adolescents as they describe paintings under cognitive load. Analyses of detail focus in painting descriptions indicated that the HFA group displayed significantly more local focus than both OO and TD groups, while the OO and TD groups did not differ. We discuss implications for the centrality of detail focus to the autism diagnosis. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2347-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=259 [article] Detail and Gestalt Focus in Individuals with Optimal Outcomes from Autism Spectrum Disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Allison FITCH, Auteur ; Deborah A. FEIN, Auteur ; Inge-Marie EIGSTI, Auteur . - p.1887-1896. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 45-6 (June 2015) . - p.1887-1896 Mots-clés : Pragmatic language  Global/local bias  Weak central coherence  Optimal outcomes  Executive function Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with high-functioning autism (HFA) have a cognitive style that privileges local over global or gestalt details. While not a core symptom of autism, individuals with HFA seem to reliably show this bias. Our lab has been studying a sample of children who have overcome their early ASD diagnoses, showing “optimal outcomes” (OO). This study characterizes performance by OO, HFA, and typically developing (TD) adolescents as they describe paintings under cognitive load. Analyses of detail focus in painting descriptions indicated that the HFA group displayed significantly more local focus than both OO and TD groups, while the OO and TD groups did not differ. We discuss implications for the centrality of detail focus to the autism diagnosis. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2347-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=259

Uh, Um, and Autism: Filler Disfluencies as Pragmatic Markers in Adolescents with Optimal Outcomes from Autism Spectrum Disorder / Christina A. IRVINE in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46-3 (March 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 46-3 (March 2016) . - p.1061-1070 Titre : Uh, Um, and Autism: Filler Disfluencies as Pragmatic Markers in Adolescents with Optimal Outcomes from Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Christina A. IRVINE, Auteur ; Inge-Marie EIGSTI, Auteur ; Deborah A. FEIN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1061-1070 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Optimal outcomes  Pragmatics  Discourse  Disfluency  Fillers Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Filler disfluencies—uh and um—are thought to serve distinct discourse functions. We examined fillers in spontaneous speech by youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), who struggle with pragmatic language, and by youth with ASD who have achieved an ‘optimal outcome’ (OO), as well as in peers with typical development (TD). While uh rates did not differ, participants with ASD produced um less frequently than OO or TD groups. Um rate was associated with autism symptom severity, but not executive function or language abilities, suggesting that um serves a pragmatic, listener-oriented function. Moreover, in contrast to minimal production in ASD, the typical OO um production substantiates the normalization of subtle social communication in this population. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-015-2651-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=281 [article] Uh, Um, and Autism: Filler Disfluencies as Pragmatic Markers in Adolescents with Optimal Outcomes from Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Christina A. IRVINE, Auteur ; Inge-Marie EIGSTI, Auteur ; Deborah A. FEIN, Auteur . - p.1061-1070. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 46-3 (March 2016) . - p.1061-1070 Mots-clés : Autism  Optimal outcomes  Pragmatics  Discourse  Disfluency  Fillers Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Filler disfluencies—uh and um—are thought to serve distinct discourse functions. We examined fillers in spontaneous speech by youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), who struggle with pragmatic language, and by youth with ASD who have achieved an ‘optimal outcome’ (OO), as well as in peers with typical development (TD). While uh rates did not differ, participants with ASD produced um less frequently than OO or TD groups. Um rate was associated with autism symptom severity, but not executive function or language abilities, suggesting that um serves a pragmatic, listener-oriented function. Moreover, in contrast to minimal production in ASD, the typical OO um production substantiates the normalization of subtle social communication in this population. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-015-2651-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=281

Social Function and Communication in Optimal Outcome Children and Adolescents with an Autism History on Structured Test Measures / Alyssa J. ORINSTEIN in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45-8 (August 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 45-8 (August 2015) . - p.2443-2463 Titre : Social Function and Communication in Optimal Outcome Children and Adolescents with an Autism History on Structured Test Measures Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Alyssa J. ORINSTEIN, Auteur ; Joyce SUH, Auteur ; Kaitlyn PORTER, Auteur ; Kaitlin A. DE YOE, Auteur ; Katherine E. TYSON, Auteur ; Eva TROYB, Auteur ; Marianne L. BARTON, Auteur ; Inge-Marie EIGSTI, Auteur ; Michael C. STEVENS, Auteur ; Deborah A. FEIN, Auteur Année de publication : 2015 Article en page(s) : p.2443-2463 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Outcome  Optimal outcomes  Social  Communication Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Youth who lose their ASD diagnosis may have subtle social and communication difficulties. We examined social and communication functioning in 44 high-functioning autism (HFA), 34 optimal outcome (OO) and 34 typically developing (TD) youth. Results indicated that OO participants had no autism communication symptoms, no pragmatic language deficits, and were judged as likable as TD peers. Some group differences were found: OO youth had less insight into social relationships and poorer friendship descriptions than TD youth. OO participants had attention, self-control, and immaturity difficulties that may impact social abilities. However, OO participants were most engaged, friendliest, warmest, and most approachable. Overall, OO participants had no social and communicative impairments, although some exhibited mild social difficulties that often accompany attentional problems. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-015-2409-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=263 [article] Social Function and Communication in Optimal Outcome Children and Adolescents with an Autism History on Structured Test Measures [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Alyssa J. ORINSTEIN, Auteur ; Joyce SUH, Auteur ; Kaitlyn PORTER, Auteur ; Kaitlin A. DE YOE, Auteur ; Katherine E. TYSON, Auteur ; Eva TROYB, Auteur ; Marianne L. BARTON, Auteur ; Inge-Marie EIGSTI, Auteur ; Michael C. STEVENS, Auteur ; Deborah A. FEIN, Auteur . - 2015 . - p.2443-2463. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 45-8 (August 2015) . - p.2443-2463 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Outcome  Optimal outcomes  Social  Communication Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Youth who lose their ASD diagnosis may have subtle social and communication difficulties. We examined social and communication functioning in 44 high-functioning autism (HFA), 34 optimal outcome (OO) and 34 typically developing (TD) youth. Results indicated that OO participants had no autism communication symptoms, no pragmatic language deficits, and were judged as likable as TD peers. Some group differences were found: OO youth had less insight into social relationships and poorer friendship descriptions than TD youth. OO participants had attention, self-control, and immaturity difficulties that may impact social abilities. However, OO participants were most engaged, friendliest, warmest, and most approachable. Overall, OO participants had no social and communicative impairments, although some exhibited mild social difficulties that often accompany attentional problems. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-015-2409-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=263

Investigating frank autism: clinician initial impressions and autism characteristics / Caroline LARSON ; Rebecca P THOMAS ; Marianne BARTON ; Deborah FEIN ; Inge-Marie EIGSTI in Molecular Autism, 15 (2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 15 (2024) . - 48 Titre : Investigating frank autism: clinician initial impressions and autism characteristics Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Caroline LARSON, Auteur ; Rebecca P THOMAS, Auteur ; Marianne BARTON, Auteur ; Deborah FEIN, Auteur ; Inge-Marie EIGSTI, Auteur Article en page(s) : 48 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Humans  Adolescent  Male  Female  Adult  Child  Young Adult  *Autistic Disorder/diagnosis/psychology  Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis  Autism diagnosis  Autism in adulthood  Five-minute impressions  Loss of autism diagnosis  Optimal outcomes  Prototypical autism  was approved by the University of Connecticut IRB. Consent for publication Not  applicable. Competing interests Dr. Fein and Dr. Barton are co-owners of M-CHAT  LLC, which licenses use of the M-CHAT-R in electronic products. The other authors  declare that they have no conflict of interest. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: "Frank autism," recognizable through the first minutes of an interaction, describes a behavioral presentation of a subset of autistic individuals that is closely tied to social communication challenges, and may be linked to so-called "prototypical autism." To date, there is no research on frank autism presentations of autistic adolescents and young adults, nor individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in childhood who do not meet diagnostic criteria during or after adolescence (loss of autism diagnosis, LAD). In addition, there are currently no data on the factors that drive frank autism impressions in these adolescent groups. METHODS: This study quantifies initial impressions of autistic characteristics in 24 autistic, 24 LAD and 26 neurotypical (NT) individuals ages 12 to 39 years. Graduate student and expert clinicians completed five-minute impressions, rated confidence in their own impressions, and scored the atypicality of behaviors associated with impressions; impressions were compared with current gold-standard diagnostic outcomes. RESULTS: Overall, clinicians' impressions within the first five minutes generally matched current gold-standard diagnostic status (clinical best estimate), were highly correlated with ADOS-2 CSS, and were driven primarily by prosodic and facial cues. However, this brief observation did not detect autism in all cases. While clinicians noted some subclinical atypicalities in the LAD group, impressions of the LAD and NT groups were similar. LIMITATIONS: The brief observations in this study were conducted during clinical research, including some semi-structured assessments. While results suggest overall concordance between initial impressions and diagnoses following more thorough evaluation, findings may not generalize to less structured, informal contexts. In addition, our sample was demographically homogeneous and comprised only speaking autistic participants. They were also unmatched for sex, with more females in the non-autistic group. Future studies should recruit samples that are diverse in demographic variables and ability level to replicate these findings and explore their implications. CONCLUSIONS: Results provide insights into the behavioral characteristics that contribute to the diagnosis of adolescents and young adults and may help inform diagnostic decision making in the wake of an increase in the demand for autism evaluations later than childhood. They also substantiate claims of an absence of apparent autistic characteristics in individuals who have lost the diagnosis. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-024-00627-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=555 [article] Investigating frank autism: clinician initial impressions and autism characteristics [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Caroline LARSON, Auteur ; Rebecca P THOMAS, Auteur ; Marianne BARTON, Auteur ; Deborah FEIN, Auteur ; Inge-Marie EIGSTI, Auteur . - 48. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 15 (2024) . - 48 Mots-clés : Humans  Adolescent  Male  Female  Adult  Child  Young Adult  *Autistic Disorder/diagnosis/psychology  Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis  Autism diagnosis  Autism in adulthood  Five-minute impressions  Loss of autism diagnosis  Optimal outcomes  Prototypical autism  was approved by the University of Connecticut IRB. Consent for publication Not  applicable. Competing interests Dr. Fein and Dr. Barton are co-owners of M-CHAT  LLC, which licenses use of the M-CHAT-R in electronic products. The other authors  declare that they have no conflict of interest. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: "Frank autism," recognizable through the first minutes of an interaction, describes a behavioral presentation of a subset of autistic individuals that is closely tied to social communication challenges, and may be linked to so-called "prototypical autism." To date, there is no research on frank autism presentations of autistic adolescents and young adults, nor individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in childhood who do not meet diagnostic criteria during or after adolescence (loss of autism diagnosis, LAD). In addition, there are currently no data on the factors that drive frank autism impressions in these adolescent groups. METHODS: This study quantifies initial impressions of autistic characteristics in 24 autistic, 24 LAD and 26 neurotypical (NT) individuals ages 12 to 39 years. Graduate student and expert clinicians completed five-minute impressions, rated confidence in their own impressions, and scored the atypicality of behaviors associated with impressions; impressions were compared with current gold-standard diagnostic outcomes. RESULTS: Overall, clinicians' impressions within the first five minutes generally matched current gold-standard diagnostic status (clinical best estimate), were highly correlated with ADOS-2 CSS, and were driven primarily by prosodic and facial cues. However, this brief observation did not detect autism in all cases. While clinicians noted some subclinical atypicalities in the LAD group, impressions of the LAD and NT groups were similar. LIMITATIONS: The brief observations in this study were conducted during clinical research, including some semi-structured assessments. While results suggest overall concordance between initial impressions and diagnoses following more thorough evaluation, findings may not generalize to less structured, informal contexts. In addition, our sample was demographically homogeneous and comprised only speaking autistic participants. They were also unmatched for sex, with more females in the non-autistic group. Future studies should recruit samples that are diverse in demographic variables and ability level to replicate these findings and explore their implications. CONCLUSIONS: Results provide insights into the behavioral characteristics that contribute to the diagnosis of adolescents and young adults and may help inform diagnostic decision making in the wake of an increase in the demand for autism evaluations later than childhood. They also substantiate claims of an absence of apparent autistic characteristics in individuals who have lost the diagnosis. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-024-00627-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=555