Ameliorating the disadvantage for autistic job seekers: An initial evaluation of adapted employment interview questions / Katie L. MARAS in Autism, 25-4 (May 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 25-4 (May 2021) . - p.1060-1075 Titre : Ameliorating the disadvantage for autistic job seekers: An initial evaluation of adapted employment interview questions Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Katie L. MARAS, Auteur ; Jade Eloise NORRIS, Auteur ; Jemma NICHOLSON, Auteur ; Brett HEASMAN, Auteur ; Anna REMINGTON, Auteur ; Laura CRANE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1060-1075 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adaptations  autism  employment  impression management  interviewing  perceptions Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Despite possessing valuable skills, differences in the way that autistic people understand and respond to others in social situations mean that they are frequently disadvantaged in job interviews. We examined how autistic and non-autistic adults compared on standard (unmodified) job interview questions, and then used these findings to develop and evaluate supportive adaptations to questions. Fifty adults (25 autistic, 25 non-autistic) took part in two mock job interviews. Interview 1 provided a baseline measure of performance when answering typical, unmodified interview questions. Employment experts (unaware of participants' autism diagnoses) rated all interviewees on their responses to each question and their overall impressions of them and then provided feedback about how interviewees could improve and how questions could be adapted to facilitate this. Interviewees also provided feedback about the interview process, from their perspective. Adaptations to the questions were developed, with Interview 2 taking place approximately 6 months later. Results demonstrated that, in Interview 1, employment experts rated autistic interviewees less favourably than non-autistic interviewees. Ratings of both autistic and non-autistic participants' answers improved in Interview 2, but particularly for autistic interviewees (such that differences between autistic and non-autistic interviewees' performance reduced in Interview 2). Employers should be aware that adaptations to job interview questions are critical to level the playing field for autistic candidates. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361320981319 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=444 [article] Ameliorating the disadvantage for autistic job seekers: An initial evaluation of adapted employment interview questions [texte imprimé] / Katie L. MARAS, Auteur ; Jade Eloise NORRIS, Auteur ; Jemma NICHOLSON, Auteur ; Brett HEASMAN, Auteur ; Anna REMINGTON, Auteur ; Laura CRANE, Auteur . - p.1060-1075. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 25-4 (May 2021) . - p.1060-1075 Mots-clés : adaptations  autism  employment  impression management  interviewing  perceptions Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Despite possessing valuable skills, differences in the way that autistic people understand and respond to others in social situations mean that they are frequently disadvantaged in job interviews. We examined how autistic and non-autistic adults compared on standard (unmodified) job interview questions, and then used these findings to develop and evaluate supportive adaptations to questions. Fifty adults (25 autistic, 25 non-autistic) took part in two mock job interviews. Interview 1 provided a baseline measure of performance when answering typical, unmodified interview questions. Employment experts (unaware of participants' autism diagnoses) rated all interviewees on their responses to each question and their overall impressions of them and then provided feedback about how interviewees could improve and how questions could be adapted to facilitate this. Interviewees also provided feedback about the interview process, from their perspective. Adaptations to the questions were developed, with Interview 2 taking place approximately 6 months later. Results demonstrated that, in Interview 1, employment experts rated autistic interviewees less favourably than non-autistic interviewees. Ratings of both autistic and non-autistic participants' answers improved in Interview 2, but particularly for autistic interviewees (such that differences between autistic and non-autistic interviewees' performance reduced in Interview 2). Employers should be aware that adaptations to job interview questions are critical to level the playing field for autistic candidates. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361320981319 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=444

Are Mental Health, Family and Childhood Adversity, Substance Use and Conduct Problems Risk Factors for Offending in Autism? / Katy-Louise PAYNE in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51-6 (June 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 51-6 (June 2021) . - p.2057-2067 Titre : Are Mental Health, Family and Childhood Adversity, Substance Use and Conduct Problems Risk Factors for Offending in Autism? Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Katy-Louise PAYNE, Auteur ; Katie L. MARAS, Auteur ; Ailsa RUSSELL, Auteur ; M.J. BROSNAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2057-2067 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescent  Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder/epidemiology/psychology  Autistic Disorder/epidemiology/psychology  Criminals/psychology  Family Health  Female  Humans  Male  Mental Health  Pregnancy  Problem Behavior  Risk Factors  Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology/psychology  Autism spectrum disorder  Conduct problems  Crime  Family and childhood adversity  Offending  Substance use Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Mental health difficulties, family and childhood adversity factors, substance use and conduct problems have all been linked to offending behaviour in the general population. However, no large-scale study with comparison groups has investigated these risk factors in relation to autistic offenders. The current research included 40 autistic offenders, 40 autistic non-offenders, 40 typically developed (TD) offenders and 39 TD non-offenders. Conduct problems risk factors differentiated autistic offenders from both non-offender groups (autistic and TD) and mental health risk factors differentiated autistic offenders from both TD groups (offenders and non-offenders). Further research is required to understand more about the role of both conduct problems risk factors in autistic offenders (e.g., age at onset, frequency of behaviours) and the mental health needs of autistic offenders. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04622-0 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=452 [article] Are Mental Health, Family and Childhood Adversity, Substance Use and Conduct Problems Risk Factors for Offending in Autism? [texte imprimé] / Katy-Louise PAYNE, Auteur ; Katie L. MARAS, Auteur ; Ailsa RUSSELL, Auteur ; M.J. BROSNAN, Auteur . - p.2057-2067. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 51-6 (June 2021) . - p.2057-2067 Mots-clés : Adolescent  Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder/epidemiology/psychology  Autistic Disorder/epidemiology/psychology  Criminals/psychology  Family Health  Female  Humans  Male  Mental Health  Pregnancy  Problem Behavior  Risk Factors  Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology/psychology  Autism spectrum disorder  Conduct problems  Crime  Family and childhood adversity  Offending  Substance use Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Mental health difficulties, family and childhood adversity factors, substance use and conduct problems have all been linked to offending behaviour in the general population. However, no large-scale study with comparison groups has investigated these risk factors in relation to autistic offenders. The current research included 40 autistic offenders, 40 autistic non-offenders, 40 typically developed (TD) offenders and 39 TD non-offenders. Conduct problems risk factors differentiated autistic offenders from both non-offender groups (autistic and TD) and mental health risk factors differentiated autistic offenders from both TD groups (offenders and non-offenders). Further research is required to understand more about the role of both conduct problems risk factors in autistic offenders (e.g., age at onset, frequency of behaviours) and the mental health needs of autistic offenders. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04622-0 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=452

Autistic adults' inclination to lie in everyday situations / Ralph BAGNALL in Autism, 28-3 (March 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 28-3 (March 2024) . - p.718-731 Titre : Autistic adults' inclination to lie in everyday situations Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Ralph BAGNALL, Auteur ; Ailsa RUSSELL, Auteur ; Mark BROSNAN, Auteur ; Katie L. MARAS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.718-731 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  deception  memory  social cognition and social behaviour  theory of mind Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic children and adolescents often have greater difficulty engaging in deception than their non-autistic peers. However, deception in autistic adulthood has received little attention to date. This study examined whether autistic and non-autistic adults differed in their inclination to lie in everyday situations and the factors that underpin this. Forty-one autistic and 41 non-autistic participants completed self-report measures relating to their inclination to lie, ability to lie and moral attitudes about the acceptability of lying. Participants also undertook a reaction-time test of lie-telling, as well as theory of mind and working memory measures. Autistic and non-autistic adults did not significantly differ in their inclination to lie in everyday situations. The degree to which lying was viewed as morally acceptable positively predicted both groups' inclination to lie. The remaining factors underpinning the inclination to lie differed between groups. Lower self-rated lying ability and slower lie speed predicted a reduced inclination to lie in autistic participants, whereas higher theory of mind and working memory capacity predicted a reduced inclination to lie in the non-autistic group. Implications for our understanding of deception in autistic and non-autistic adults are discussed. Lay abstract Differences in social communication and understanding others' mental states may mean that autistic adults are less likely to deceive others than non-autistic individuals. We investigated whether autistic and non-autistic adults differ in their inclination to lie and which psychological factors are involved in the inclination to lie. We found that autistic and non-autistic groups reported a similar inclination to lie, and the extent to which participants viewed lying as acceptable helped to explain their inclination to deceive others. However, the other underlying psychological factors associated with deception inclination differed between autistic and non-autistic groups. Autistic adults' belief about their ability to lie and also how quickly they could lie helped to explain whether they were more or less inclined to lie. For non-autistic adults, their memory and ability to understand others' mental states helped to explain their lie inclination. We discuss these findings and recommend areas for future research. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231183911 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=523 [article] Autistic adults' inclination to lie in everyday situations [texte imprimé] / Ralph BAGNALL, Auteur ; Ailsa RUSSELL, Auteur ; Mark BROSNAN, Auteur ; Katie L. MARAS, Auteur . - p.718-731. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 28-3 (March 2024) . - p.718-731 Mots-clés : autism  deception  memory  social cognition and social behaviour  theory of mind Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic children and adolescents often have greater difficulty engaging in deception than their non-autistic peers. However, deception in autistic adulthood has received little attention to date. This study examined whether autistic and non-autistic adults differed in their inclination to lie in everyday situations and the factors that underpin this. Forty-one autistic and 41 non-autistic participants completed self-report measures relating to their inclination to lie, ability to lie and moral attitudes about the acceptability of lying. Participants also undertook a reaction-time test of lie-telling, as well as theory of mind and working memory measures. Autistic and non-autistic adults did not significantly differ in their inclination to lie in everyday situations. The degree to which lying was viewed as morally acceptable positively predicted both groups' inclination to lie. The remaining factors underpinning the inclination to lie differed between groups. Lower self-rated lying ability and slower lie speed predicted a reduced inclination to lie in autistic participants, whereas higher theory of mind and working memory capacity predicted a reduced inclination to lie in the non-autistic group. Implications for our understanding of deception in autistic and non-autistic adults are discussed. Lay abstract Differences in social communication and understanding others' mental states may mean that autistic adults are less likely to deceive others than non-autistic individuals. We investigated whether autistic and non-autistic adults differ in their inclination to lie and which psychological factors are involved in the inclination to lie. We found that autistic and non-autistic groups reported a similar inclination to lie, and the extent to which participants viewed lying as acceptable helped to explain their inclination to deceive others. However, the other underlying psychological factors associated with deception inclination differed between autistic and non-autistic groups. Autistic adults' belief about their ability to lie and also how quickly they could lie helped to explain whether they were more or less inclined to lie. For non-autistic adults, their memory and ability to understand others' mental states helped to explain their lie inclination. We discuss these findings and recommend areas for future research. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231183911 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=523

Brief Report: Autism in the Courtroom: Experiences of Legal Professionals and the Autism Community / Katie L. MARAS in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47-8 (August 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 47-8 (August 2017) . - p.2610-2620 Titre : Brief Report: Autism in the Courtroom: Experiences of Legal Professionals and the Autism Community Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Katie L. MARAS, Auteur ; Laura CRANE, Auteur ; Sue MULCAHY, Auteur ; Tamsyn HAWKEN, Auteur ; Penny COOPER, Auteur ; David WURTZEL, Auteur ; Amina MEMON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2610-2620 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Disability  Law  Courts  Solicitors  Criminal justice Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Online surveys were used to sample the views of judges, barristers and solicitors (n = 33) about their engagement with autistic individuals in criminal courts in England and Wales. Despite an understanding of some of the difficulties experienced by individuals with autism, and the adjustments suitable for supporting them, legal professionals reported constraints arising from a lack of understanding by others within the criminal justice system. These results are considered alongside the views and perspectives of autistic adults (n = 9) and parents of children on the autism spectrum (n = 19), who had encountered the criminal courts as witnesses or defendants and were largely dissatisfied with their experiences. Training, understanding and the provision of appropriate adjustments were identified as key issues by all respondent groups. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3162-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=315 [article] Brief Report: Autism in the Courtroom: Experiences of Legal Professionals and the Autism Community [texte imprimé] / Katie L. MARAS, Auteur ; Laura CRANE, Auteur ; Sue MULCAHY, Auteur ; Tamsyn HAWKEN, Auteur ; Penny COOPER, Auteur ; David WURTZEL, Auteur ; Amina MEMON, Auteur . - p.2610-2620. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 47-8 (August 2017) . - p.2610-2620 Mots-clés : Autism  Disability  Law  Courts  Solicitors  Criminal justice Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Online surveys were used to sample the views of judges, barristers and solicitors (n = 33) about their engagement with autistic individuals in criminal courts in England and Wales. Despite an understanding of some of the difficulties experienced by individuals with autism, and the adjustments suitable for supporting them, legal professionals reported constraints arising from a lack of understanding by others within the criminal justice system. These results are considered alongside the views and perspectives of autistic adults (n = 9) and parents of children on the autism spectrum (n = 19), who had encountered the criminal courts as witnesses or defendants and were largely dissatisfied with their experiences. Training, understanding and the provision of appropriate adjustments were identified as key issues by all respondent groups. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3162-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=315

Brief report: Perceived credibility of autistic witnesses and the effect of diagnostic information on credibility ratings / Katie L. MARAS in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 68 (December 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 68 (December 2019) . - p.101442 Titre : Brief report: Perceived credibility of autistic witnesses and the effect of diagnostic information on credibility ratings Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Katie L. MARAS, Auteur ; Laura CRANE, Auteur ; Ian WALKER, Auteur ; Amina MEMON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.101442 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Witness  Credibility  Diagnosis disclosure  Interviewing  Jurors  Perceptions  Criminal justice Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background People with autism spectrum disorder (henceforth, autism) exhibit a number of atypical behaviours that may be relied upon by jurors when making judgements about their credibility as witnesses. The current study aimed to: (1) examine whether autistic witnesses were perceived as less credible than typically developing (TD) witnesses, irrespective of the number of correct details they reported; and (2) determine whether mock jurors’ credibility ratings of autistic witnesses improved if they were aware of their autism diagnoses and were provided with information about autism. Method One-hundred-and-twenty-five mock jurors rated the credibility of video testimony of 17 autistic and 17 TD witness participants recalling an event. Half of the juror participants were informed that some of the witnesses were autistic and were provided with information about autism; the other half received no information about witnesses’ diagnoses. Results Contrary to predictions, autistic witnesses were seen to be as credible as TD witnesses when no information about their diagnosis was provided. However, when jurors were informed that a witness was autistic and were also provided with further information about autism, they were rated as slightly more credible than TD witnesses. Credibility ratings were only predicted by jurors’ prior knowledge/experience of autism when they were explicitly informed of witnesses’ autism diagnoses. Conclusions These results indicate that disclosing one’s autism diagnosis (alongside further information about autism) may result in a positive bias in terms of witnesses’ perceived credibility. Implications for jury instructions and future research directions are discussed. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2019.101442 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=408 [article] Brief report: Perceived credibility of autistic witnesses and the effect of diagnostic information on credibility ratings [texte imprimé] / Katie L. MARAS, Auteur ; Laura CRANE, Auteur ; Ian WALKER, Auteur ; Amina MEMON, Auteur . - p.101442. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 68 (December 2019) . - p.101442 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Witness  Credibility  Diagnosis disclosure  Interviewing  Jurors  Perceptions  Criminal justice Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background People with autism spectrum disorder (henceforth, autism) exhibit a number of atypical behaviours that may be relied upon by jurors when making judgements about their credibility as witnesses. The current study aimed to: (1) examine whether autistic witnesses were perceived as less credible than typically developing (TD) witnesses, irrespective of the number of correct details they reported; and (2) determine whether mock jurors’ credibility ratings of autistic witnesses improved if they were aware of their autism diagnoses and were provided with information about autism. Method One-hundred-and-twenty-five mock jurors rated the credibility of video testimony of 17 autistic and 17 TD witness participants recalling an event. Half of the juror participants were informed that some of the witnesses were autistic and were provided with information about autism; the other half received no information about witnesses’ diagnoses. Results Contrary to predictions, autistic witnesses were seen to be as credible as TD witnesses when no information about their diagnosis was provided. However, when jurors were informed that a witness was autistic and were also provided with further information about autism, they were rated as slightly more credible than TD witnesses. Credibility ratings were only predicted by jurors’ prior knowledge/experience of autism when they were explicitly informed of witnesses’ autism diagnoses. Conclusions These results indicate that disclosing one’s autism diagnosis (alongside further information about autism) may result in a positive bias in terms of witnesses’ perceived credibility. Implications for jury instructions and future research directions are discussed. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2019.101442 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=408

Brief Report: Schema Consistent Misinformation Effects in Eyewitnesses with Autism Spectrum Disorder / Katie L. MARAS in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41-6 (June 2011)  

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Brief report: Suggestibility, compliance and psychological traits in high-functioning adults with autism spectrum disorder / Katie L. MARAS in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 6-3 (July-September 2012)  

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Compliance in autism: Self-report in action / Robert J. CHANDLER in Autism, 23-4 (May 2019)  

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Deceptive behaviour in autism: A scoping review / Ralph BAGNALL in Autism, 26-2 (February 2022)  

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Disclosing an autism diagnosis improves ratings of candidate performance in employment interviews / Jade Eloise NORRIS in Autism, 28-4 (April 2024)  

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Experiences of Autism Spectrum Disorder and Policing in England and Wales: Surveying Police and the Autism Community / Laura CRANE in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46-6 (June 2016)  

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Eyewitness Testimony in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Review / Katie L. MARAS in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44-11 (November 2014)  

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Interviewing autistic adults: Adaptations to support recall in police, employment, and healthcare interviews / Jade Eloise NORRIS in Autism, 24-6 (August 2020)  

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Is autism linked to criminality? / Katie L. MARAS in Autism, 19-5 (July 2015)  

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Is There a Relationship Between Cyber-Dependent Crime, Autistic-Like Traits and Autism? / Katy-Louise PAYNE in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49-10 (October 2019)  

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