Measuring flexibility in autistic adults: Exploring the factor structure of the flexibility scale self report / Goldie A. MCQUAID ; Benjamin E. YERYS ; John F. STRANG ; Laura G. ANTHONY ; Lauren KENWORTHY ; Nancy R. LEE ; Gregory L. WALLACE in Autism Research, 16-11 (November 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 16-11 (November 2023) . - p.2208-2219 Titre : Measuring flexibility in autistic adults: Exploring the factor structure of the flexibility scale self report Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Goldie A. MCQUAID, Auteur ; Benjamin E. YERYS, Auteur ; John F. STRANG, Auteur ; Laura G. ANTHONY, Auteur ; Lauren KENWORTHY, Auteur ; Nancy R. LEE, Auteur ; Gregory L. WALLACE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2208-2219 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Cognitive flexibility differences are common for autistic individuals and have an impact on a range of clinical outcomes. However, there is currently a lack of well validated measurement tools to assess flexibility in adulthood. The Flexibility Scale was originally designed as a parent-report measure of real-world flexibility challenges in youth. The original Flexibility Scale provides a total score and five subscales: Routines and Rituals, Transitions and Change, Special Interests, Social Flexibility, and Generativity. In this study, we evaluate the factorial validity of the Flexibility Scale as a self-report (Flexibility Scale Self Report) measure of cognitive flexibility, adapted from the original Flexibility Scale, for use by autistic adults. This study includes both a primary sample (n=813; mean age=40.3; 59% female) and an independently recruited replication sample (n=120; mean age=32.8; 74% female) of individuals who completed the Flexibility Scale Self Report. The analysis consisted of an initial confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the original Flexibility Scale structure, followed by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and factor optimization within a structural equation modeling framework to identify the optimal structure for the questionnaire in adults. The identified structure was then replicated through CFA in the replication sample. Our results indicate an alternative optimal scale structure from the original Flexibility Scale, which includes fewer items, and only three (Routines/Rituals, Transitions and Change, Special Interests) of the five subscales contributing to the flexibility total score. Comparisons revealed no structural differences within the scale based on sex assigned at birth. Here the Generativity and Social Flexibility scales are treated as independent but related scales. The implications for measurement of cognitive flexibility in clinical and research settings, as well as theoretical underpinnings are discussed. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3025 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=517 [article] Measuring flexibility in autistic adults: Exploring the factor structure of the flexibility scale self report [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Goldie A. MCQUAID, Auteur ; Benjamin E. YERYS, Auteur ; John F. STRANG, Auteur ; Laura G. ANTHONY, Auteur ; Lauren KENWORTHY, Auteur ; Nancy R. LEE, Auteur ; Gregory L. WALLACE, Auteur . - p.2208-2219. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 16-11 (November 2023) . - p.2208-2219 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Cognitive flexibility differences are common for autistic individuals and have an impact on a range of clinical outcomes. However, there is currently a lack of well validated measurement tools to assess flexibility in adulthood. The Flexibility Scale was originally designed as a parent-report measure of real-world flexibility challenges in youth. The original Flexibility Scale provides a total score and five subscales: Routines and Rituals, Transitions and Change, Special Interests, Social Flexibility, and Generativity. In this study, we evaluate the factorial validity of the Flexibility Scale as a self-report (Flexibility Scale Self Report) measure of cognitive flexibility, adapted from the original Flexibility Scale, for use by autistic adults. This study includes both a primary sample (n=813; mean age=40.3; 59% female) and an independently recruited replication sample (n=120; mean age=32.8; 74% female) of individuals who completed the Flexibility Scale Self Report. The analysis consisted of an initial confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the original Flexibility Scale structure, followed by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and factor optimization within a structural equation modeling framework to identify the optimal structure for the questionnaire in adults. The identified structure was then replicated through CFA in the replication sample. Our results indicate an alternative optimal scale structure from the original Flexibility Scale, which includes fewer items, and only three (Routines/Rituals, Transitions and Change, Special Interests) of the five subscales contributing to the flexibility total score. Comparisons revealed no structural differences within the scale based on sex assigned at birth. Here the Generativity and Social Flexibility scales are treated as independent but related scales. The implications for measurement of cognitive flexibility in clinical and research settings, as well as theoretical underpinnings are discussed. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3025 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=517

Neural Basis of Visual Attentional Orienting in Childhood Autism Spectrum Disorders / Eric R. MURPHY in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47-1 (January 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 47-1 (January 2017) . - p.58-67 Titre : Neural Basis of Visual Attentional Orienting in Childhood Autism Spectrum Disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Eric R. MURPHY, Auteur ; Megan NORR, Auteur ; John F. STRANG, Auteur ; Lauren KENWORTHY, Auteur ; William D. GAILLARD, Auteur ; Chandan J. VAIDYA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.58-67 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Attention orienting  Visual salience  fMRI  Restricted and repetitive behavior Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We examined spontaneous attention orienting to visual salience in stimuli without social significance using a modified Dot-Probe task during functional magnetic resonance imaging in high-functioning preadolescent children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and age- and IQ-matched control children. While the magnitude of attentional bias (faster response to probes in the location of solid color patch) to visually salient stimuli was similar in the groups, activation differences in frontal and temporoparietal regions suggested hyper-sensitivity to visual salience or to sameness in ASD children. Further, activation in a subset of those regions was associated with symptoms of restricted and repetitive behavior. Thus, atypicalities in response to visual properties of stimuli may drive attentional orienting problems associated with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-2928-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298 [article] Neural Basis of Visual Attentional Orienting in Childhood Autism Spectrum Disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Eric R. MURPHY, Auteur ; Megan NORR, Auteur ; John F. STRANG, Auteur ; Lauren KENWORTHY, Auteur ; William D. GAILLARD, Auteur ; Chandan J. VAIDYA, Auteur . - p.58-67. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 47-1 (January 2017) . - p.58-67 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Attention orienting  Visual salience  fMRI  Restricted and repetitive behavior Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We examined spontaneous attention orienting to visual salience in stimuli without social significance using a modified Dot-Probe task during functional magnetic resonance imaging in high-functioning preadolescent children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and age- and IQ-matched control children. While the magnitude of attentional bias (faster response to probes in the location of solid color patch) to visually salient stimuli was similar in the groups, activation differences in frontal and temporoparietal regions suggested hyper-sensitivity to visual salience or to sameness in ASD children. Further, activation in a subset of those regions was associated with symptoms of restricted and repetitive behavior. Thus, atypicalities in response to visual properties of stimuli may drive attentional orienting problems associated with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-2928-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298

Neural Correlates of Set-Shifting in Children With Autism / Benjamin E. YERYS in Autism Research, 8-4 (August 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 8-4 (August 2015) . - p.386-397 Titre : Neural Correlates of Set-Shifting in Children With Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Benjamin E. YERYS, Auteur ; Ligia ANTEZANA, Auteur ; Rachel WEINBLATT, Auteur ; Kathryn F. JANKOWSKI, Auteur ; John STRANG, Auteur ; Chandan J. VAIDYA, Auteur ; Robert T. SCHULTZ, Auteur ; William D. GAILLARD, Auteur ; Lauren KENWORTHY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.386-397 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  cognitive control  set-shifting  functional magnetic resonance imaging  cingulate  prefrontal cortex Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is often associated with high levels of inflexible thinking and rigid behavior. The neural correlates of these behaviors have been investigated in adults and older adolescents, but not children. Prior studies utilized set-shifting tasks that engaged multiple levels of shifting, and depended on learning abstract rules and establishing a strong prepotent bias. These additional demands complicate simple interpretations of the results. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the neural correlates of set-shifting in 20 children (ages 7–14) with ASD and 19 typically developing, matched, control children. Participants completed a set-shifting task that minimized nonshifting task demands through the use of concrete instructions that provide spatial mapping of stimuli-responses. The shift/stay sets were given an equal number of trials to limit the prepotent bias. Both groups showed an equivalent “switch cost,” responding less accurately and slower to Switch stimuli than Stay stimuli, although the ASD group was less accurate overall. Both groups showed activation in prefrontal, striatal, parietal, and cerebellum regions known to govern effective set-shifts. Compared to controls, children with ASD demonstrated decreased activation of the right middle temporal gyrus across all trials, but increased activation in the mid-dorsal cingulate cortex/superior frontal gyrus, left middle frontal, and right inferior frontal gyri during the Switch vs. Stay contrast. The successful behavioral switching performance of children with ASD comes at the cost of requiring greater engagement of frontal regions, suggesting less efficiency at this lowest level of shifting. Autism Res 2015, 8: 386–397. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1454 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=268 [article] Neural Correlates of Set-Shifting in Children With Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Benjamin E. YERYS, Auteur ; Ligia ANTEZANA, Auteur ; Rachel WEINBLATT, Auteur ; Kathryn F. JANKOWSKI, Auteur ; John STRANG, Auteur ; Chandan J. VAIDYA, Auteur ; Robert T. SCHULTZ, Auteur ; William D. GAILLARD, Auteur ; Lauren KENWORTHY, Auteur . - p.386-397. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 8-4 (August 2015) . - p.386-397 Mots-clés : autism  cognitive control  set-shifting  functional magnetic resonance imaging  cingulate  prefrontal cortex Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is often associated with high levels of inflexible thinking and rigid behavior. The neural correlates of these behaviors have been investigated in adults and older adolescents, but not children. Prior studies utilized set-shifting tasks that engaged multiple levels of shifting, and depended on learning abstract rules and establishing a strong prepotent bias. These additional demands complicate simple interpretations of the results. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the neural correlates of set-shifting in 20 children (ages 7–14) with ASD and 19 typically developing, matched, control children. Participants completed a set-shifting task that minimized nonshifting task demands through the use of concrete instructions that provide spatial mapping of stimuli-responses. The shift/stay sets were given an equal number of trials to limit the prepotent bias. Both groups showed an equivalent “switch cost,” responding less accurately and slower to Switch stimuli than Stay stimuli, although the ASD group was less accurate overall. Both groups showed activation in prefrontal, striatal, parietal, and cerebellum regions known to govern effective set-shifts. Compared to controls, children with ASD demonstrated decreased activation of the right middle temporal gyrus across all trials, but increased activation in the mid-dorsal cingulate cortex/superior frontal gyrus, left middle frontal, and right inferior frontal gyri during the Switch vs. Stay contrast. The successful behavioral switching performance of children with ASD comes at the cost of requiring greater engagement of frontal regions, suggesting less efficiency at this lowest level of shifting. Autism Res 2015, 8: 386–397. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1454 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=268

A preliminary study of self-reported food selectivity in adolescents and young adults with autism spectrum disorder / Emily S. KUSCHNER in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 15-16 (July 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 15-16 (July 2015) . - p.53-59 Titre : A preliminary study of self-reported food selectivity in adolescents and young adults with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Emily S. KUSCHNER, Auteur ; Ian W. EISENBERG, Auteur ; Bako ORIONZI, Auteur ; W. Kyle SIMMONS, Auteur ; Lauren KENWORTHY, Auteur ; Alex MARTIN, Auteur ; Gregory L. WALLACE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.53-59 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Food  Taste  Sensory  Adolescent  Adult Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Although it is well-established that picky eating is a common feature of early development in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), far less is known about food selectivity during adolescence and adulthood. Using portions of the Adult/Adolescent Sensory Profile, food selectivity self-ratings were obtained from 65 high-functioning adolescents/young adults with ASD and compared to those of 59 typically developing controls matched on age, IQ, and sex ratio. Individuals with ASD reported preferring familiar foods (food neophobia) and disliking foods with particular textures and strong flavors. Providing linkage to everyday behavior, parent ratings of daily living skills were lower among individuals with ASD and food neophobia than among those without food neophobia. Food selectivity continues to be an important issue for adolescents/young adults with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2015.04.005 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=261 [article] A preliminary study of self-reported food selectivity in adolescents and young adults with autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Emily S. KUSCHNER, Auteur ; Ian W. EISENBERG, Auteur ; Bako ORIONZI, Auteur ; W. Kyle SIMMONS, Auteur ; Lauren KENWORTHY, Auteur ; Alex MARTIN, Auteur ; Gregory L. WALLACE, Auteur . - p.53-59. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 15-16 (July 2015) . - p.53-59 Mots-clés : Autism  Food  Taste  Sensory  Adolescent  Adult Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Although it is well-established that picky eating is a common feature of early development in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), far less is known about food selectivity during adolescence and adulthood. Using portions of the Adult/Adolescent Sensory Profile, food selectivity self-ratings were obtained from 65 high-functioning adolescents/young adults with ASD and compared to those of 59 typically developing controls matched on age, IQ, and sex ratio. Individuals with ASD reported preferring familiar foods (food neophobia) and disliking foods with particular textures and strong flavors. Providing linkage to everyday behavior, parent ratings of daily living skills were lower among individuals with ASD and food neophobia than among those without food neophobia. Food selectivity continues to be an important issue for adolescents/young adults with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2015.04.005 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=261

Probing heterogeneity to identify individualized treatment approaches in autism: Specific clusters of executive function challenges link to distinct co-occurring mental health problems / Cara E. PUGLIESE in Autism, 28-11 (November 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 28-11 (November 2024) . - p.2834 - 2847 Titre : Probing heterogeneity to identify individualized treatment approaches in autism: Specific clusters of executive function challenges link to distinct co-occurring mental health problems Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Cara E. PUGLIESE, Auteur ; Rebecca HANDSMAN, Auteur ; Xiaozhen YOU, Auteur ; Laura Gutermuth ANTHONY, Auteur ; Chandan VAIDYA, Auteur ; Lauren KENWORTHY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2834 - 2847 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : anxiety  autism spectrum disorders  depression  executive function  psychiatric comorbidity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Mental health conditions such as anxiety, depression, aggression, and inattention are common in autistic youth and are challenging to treat by community providers. We aim to parse the heterogeneity of autism based on dimensions of executive function and determine whether specific executive function profiles are differentially related to psychiatric symptoms. Parents of 397 well-characterized 8 - 14-year-old autistic children without an intellectual disability reported on their child?s executive function skills and psychiatric symptoms. We applied a data-driven, graph theory-based, community-detection approach to a common executive function measure, revealing three distinct executive function profile subgroups. Despite having similar social challenges, the executive function subgroups differed on anxiety, aggression, affect, and inattention symptoms. Results support the need for more intensive subtyping with autistic youth to develop appropriate, individualized mental health treatments and supports. Characterizing youth through neurocognitive strengths and challenges can guide the development of precision medicine, allowing for more meaningful, specialized treatment. Lay Abstract Many autistic people struggle with mental health problems like anxiety, depression, inattention, and aggression, which can be challenging to treat. Executive function challenges, which impact many autistic individuals, may serve as a risk factor for mental health problems or make treating mental health conditions more difficult. While some people respond well to medication or therapy, others do not. This study tried to understand if there are different subgroups of autistic young people who may have similar patterns of executive function strengths and challenges-like flexibility, planning, self-monitoring, and emotion regulation. Then, we investigated whether executive function subgroups were related to mental health problems in autistic youth. We found three different types of executive function subgroups in autistic youth, each with different patterns of mental health problems. This helps us identify specific profiles of executive function strengths and challenges that may be helpful with identifying personalized supports, services, and treatment strategies for mental health conditions. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241246091 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=537 [article] Probing heterogeneity to identify individualized treatment approaches in autism: Specific clusters of executive function challenges link to distinct co-occurring mental health problems [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Cara E. PUGLIESE, Auteur ; Rebecca HANDSMAN, Auteur ; Xiaozhen YOU, Auteur ; Laura Gutermuth ANTHONY, Auteur ; Chandan VAIDYA, Auteur ; Lauren KENWORTHY, Auteur . - p.2834 - 2847. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 28-11 (November 2024) . - p.2834 - 2847 Mots-clés : anxiety  autism spectrum disorders  depression  executive function  psychiatric comorbidity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Mental health conditions such as anxiety, depression, aggression, and inattention are common in autistic youth and are challenging to treat by community providers. We aim to parse the heterogeneity of autism based on dimensions of executive function and determine whether specific executive function profiles are differentially related to psychiatric symptoms. Parents of 397 well-characterized 8 - 14-year-old autistic children without an intellectual disability reported on their child?s executive function skills and psychiatric symptoms. We applied a data-driven, graph theory-based, community-detection approach to a common executive function measure, revealing three distinct executive function profile subgroups. Despite having similar social challenges, the executive function subgroups differed on anxiety, aggression, affect, and inattention symptoms. Results support the need for more intensive subtyping with autistic youth to develop appropriate, individualized mental health treatments and supports. Characterizing youth through neurocognitive strengths and challenges can guide the development of precision medicine, allowing for more meaningful, specialized treatment. Lay Abstract Many autistic people struggle with mental health problems like anxiety, depression, inattention, and aggression, which can be challenging to treat. Executive function challenges, which impact many autistic individuals, may serve as a risk factor for mental health problems or make treating mental health conditions more difficult. While some people respond well to medication or therapy, others do not. This study tried to understand if there are different subgroups of autistic young people who may have similar patterns of executive function strengths and challenges-like flexibility, planning, self-monitoring, and emotion regulation. Then, we investigated whether executive function subgroups were related to mental health problems in autistic youth. We found three different types of executive function subgroups in autistic youth, each with different patterns of mental health problems. This helps us identify specific profiles of executive function strengths and challenges that may be helpful with identifying personalized supports, services, and treatment strategies for mental health conditions. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241246091 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=537

Randomized Feasibility Pilot of an Executive Functioning Intervention Adapted for Children?s Mental Health Settings / Megan GALLIGAN ; Tana HOLT ; Lauren KENWORTHY ; Laura ANTHONY ; Scott ROESCH ; Lauren BROOKMAN-FRAZEE in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 55-7 (July 2025)  

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Real-World Executive Functions in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Profiles of Impairment and Associations with Adaptive Functioning and Co-morbid Anxiety and Depression / Gregory L. WALLACE in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46-3 (March 2016)  

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Replication and Comparison of the Newly Proposed ADOS-2, Module 4 Algorithm in ASD Without ID: A Multi-site Study / Cara E. PUGLIESE in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45-12 (December 2015)  

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Sex differences in parent-reported executive functioning and adaptive behavior in children and young adults with autism spectrum disorder / Emily I. WHITE in Autism Research, 10-10 (October 2017)  

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Social analogical reasoning in school-aged children with autism spectrum disorder and typically developing peers / Adam E. GREEN in Autism, 21-4 (May 2017)  

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Solving Executive Function Challenges / Lauren KENWORTHY

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Still Left Behind: Fewer Black School-Aged Youth Receive ASD Diagnoses Compared to White Youth / Serene HABAYEB in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 52-5 (May 2022)  

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The Flexibility Scale: Development and Preliminary Validation of a Cognitive Flexibility Measure in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders / John F. STRANG in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47-8 (August 2017)  

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The Gap Between Adaptive Behavior and Intelligence in Autism Persists into Young Adulthood and is Linked to Psychiatric Co-morbidities / Catherine K. KRAPER in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47-10 (October 2017)  

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Time is of the essence: Age at autism diagnosis, sex assigned at birth, and psychopathology / Jessica V. SMITH in Autism, 28-11 (November 2024)  

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