Dépouillements

Considerations from the 2017 IMFAR Preconference on Measuring Meaningful Outcomes from School-Age to Adulthood / Vanessa H. BAL in Autism Research, 11-11 (November 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 11-11 (November 2018) . - p.1446-1454 Titre : Considerations from the 2017 IMFAR Preconference on Measuring Meaningful Outcomes from School-Age to Adulthood Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Vanessa H. BAL, Auteur ; R. L. HENDREN, Auteur ; Tony CHARMAN, Auteur ; Leonard ABBEDUTO, Auteur ; Connie KASARI, Auteur ; L. G. KLINGER, Auteur ; W. ENCE, Auteur ; T. GLAVIN, Auteur ; G. LYONS, Auteur ; E. ROSENBERG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1446-1454 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : lifespan  outcome  stakeholders  strengths Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The autism spectrum disorder (ASD) research community is increasingly considering the importance of measuring outcomes that are meaningful to individuals with ASD and their families. The 2017 IMFAR preconference aimed to gain the perspectives of how to define and measure "meaningful outcomes" from 280 participants, including people with ASD and their families, service providers, and researchers. Six themes were identified: (a) the definition of "outcome" varies by context and perspective; (b) the need to broaden the scope of what researchers measure; (c) the need for new assessment tools; (d) the need to expand data analytic methods; (e) where to focus (with emphasis on considering different developmental stages and aspects of diversity); and (f) a need for community partnerships to bridge research and daily practice. The challenge that the research community now faces is how to move the evidence base for clinical practice forward while keeping alive the divergence of views and considerations that are relevant for thinking about complex outcomes for the highly heterogeneous group of individuals with ASD. This commentary provides recommendations, with an emphasis on lifespan viewpoints that encompass individual strengths and preferences. Autism Research 2018, 11: 1446-1454. (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: The 2017 IMFAR preconference aimed to gain the perspectives of how to define and measure "meaningful outcomes" from a variety of stakeholders. This commentary outlines the six themes identified from keynote and panel presentations and audience-participated discussions. Recommendations are made to emphasize perspectives that look across the lifespan and encompass individual strengths and preferences. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2034 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=370 [article] Considerations from the 2017 IMFAR Preconference on Measuring Meaningful Outcomes from School-Age to Adulthood [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Vanessa H. BAL, Auteur ; R. L. HENDREN, Auteur ; Tony CHARMAN, Auteur ; Leonard ABBEDUTO, Auteur ; Connie KASARI, Auteur ; L. G. KLINGER, Auteur ; W. ENCE, Auteur ; T. GLAVIN, Auteur ; G. LYONS, Auteur ; E. ROSENBERG, Auteur . - p.1446-1454. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 11-11 (November 2018) . - p.1446-1454 Mots-clés : lifespan  outcome  stakeholders  strengths Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The autism spectrum disorder (ASD) research community is increasingly considering the importance of measuring outcomes that are meaningful to individuals with ASD and their families. The 2017 IMFAR preconference aimed to gain the perspectives of how to define and measure "meaningful outcomes" from 280 participants, including people with ASD and their families, service providers, and researchers. Six themes were identified: (a) the definition of "outcome" varies by context and perspective; (b) the need to broaden the scope of what researchers measure; (c) the need for new assessment tools; (d) the need to expand data analytic methods; (e) where to focus (with emphasis on considering different developmental stages and aspects of diversity); and (f) a need for community partnerships to bridge research and daily practice. The challenge that the research community now faces is how to move the evidence base for clinical practice forward while keeping alive the divergence of views and considerations that are relevant for thinking about complex outcomes for the highly heterogeneous group of individuals with ASD. This commentary provides recommendations, with an emphasis on lifespan viewpoints that encompass individual strengths and preferences. Autism Research 2018, 11: 1446-1454. (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: The 2017 IMFAR preconference aimed to gain the perspectives of how to define and measure "meaningful outcomes" from a variety of stakeholders. This commentary outlines the six themes identified from keynote and panel presentations and audience-participated discussions. Recommendations are made to emphasize perspectives that look across the lifespan and encompass individual strengths and preferences. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2034 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=370

Adaptive trajectories and early risk factors in the autism spectrum: A 15-year prospective study / Amaria BAGHDADLI in Autism Research, 11-11 (November 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 11-11 (November 2018) . - p.1455-1467 Titre : Adaptive trajectories and early risk factors in the autism spectrum: A 15-year prospective study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Amaria BAGHDADLI, Auteur ; C. MICHELON, Auteur ; E. PERNON, Auteur ; M. C. PICOT, Auteur ; S. MIOT, Auteur ; Sandrine SONIE, Auteur ; C. RATTAZ, Auteur ; Laurent MOTTRON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1455-1467 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adaptative level  autism spectrum  developmental trajectories  early adulthood Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Little is known about long-term outcomes. We investigate the adaptive trajectories and their risk factors in ASD. Data were obtained from 281 children prospectively followed untill adulthood. The final sample consisted of 106 individuals. Vineland scores were collected at baseline (T1), 3 (T2), 10 (T3), and 15 (T4) years later. A group-based method was used to identify homogeneous patterns of adaptive skills trajectories. Results show that among the children initially categorized as autistic, 82.6% remained over the ADOS diagnostic threshold, 11.9% converted to atypical autism, and 5.4% fell under the ADOS threshold. Most atypical autism diagnoses were unstable. Most (81.7%) autistic participants had an ID at inclusion. At T1, 59.3% were nonverbal, but only 39% at T4. Most changes occurred between 4 and 8 years of age. Approximately 25% of participants exhibited a "high" growth trajectory, in which progress continues throughout adolescence, and 75% a "low" growth trajectory, characterized by greater autistic symptoms, intellectual disability, and lower language abilities reflected by high CARS scores, low apparent DQ, and speech difficulties, which mostly, but not always, predicted low trajectories. Our findings suggest that the adaptive prognosis of autism is mostly poor in this cohort, biased toward intellectual disability. However, changes in diagnostic, speech, and adaptive status are not uncommon, even for indivduals with low measured intelligence or apparent intellectual disability, and are sometimes difficult to predict. Autism Research 2018, 11: 1455-1467. (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Most autism diagnoses given before 5 years of age are stable to adulthood, but one-fifth of individuals are no longer considered to be autistic, even in a cohort biased toward apparent intellectual disability. Conversely, atypical autism diagnoses are mostly unstable. One-third of children who are nonverbal at 5 years are verbal within 15 years, mostly before 8 years of age. Concerning adaptive behavior outcomes, only one-fourth of children exhibit a high-growth trajectory through at least 15 years. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2022 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=370 [article] Adaptive trajectories and early risk factors in the autism spectrum: A 15-year prospective study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Amaria BAGHDADLI, Auteur ; C. MICHELON, Auteur ; E. PERNON, Auteur ; M. C. PICOT, Auteur ; S. MIOT, Auteur ; Sandrine SONIE, Auteur ; C. RATTAZ, Auteur ; Laurent MOTTRON, Auteur . - p.1455-1467. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 11-11 (November 2018) . - p.1455-1467 Mots-clés : adaptative level  autism spectrum  developmental trajectories  early adulthood Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Little is known about long-term outcomes. We investigate the adaptive trajectories and their risk factors in ASD. Data were obtained from 281 children prospectively followed untill adulthood. The final sample consisted of 106 individuals. Vineland scores were collected at baseline (T1), 3 (T2), 10 (T3), and 15 (T4) years later. A group-based method was used to identify homogeneous patterns of adaptive skills trajectories. Results show that among the children initially categorized as autistic, 82.6% remained over the ADOS diagnostic threshold, 11.9% converted to atypical autism, and 5.4% fell under the ADOS threshold. Most atypical autism diagnoses were unstable. Most (81.7%) autistic participants had an ID at inclusion. At T1, 59.3% were nonverbal, but only 39% at T4. Most changes occurred between 4 and 8 years of age. Approximately 25% of participants exhibited a "high" growth trajectory, in which progress continues throughout adolescence, and 75% a "low" growth trajectory, characterized by greater autistic symptoms, intellectual disability, and lower language abilities reflected by high CARS scores, low apparent DQ, and speech difficulties, which mostly, but not always, predicted low trajectories. Our findings suggest that the adaptive prognosis of autism is mostly poor in this cohort, biased toward intellectual disability. However, changes in diagnostic, speech, and adaptive status are not uncommon, even for indivduals with low measured intelligence or apparent intellectual disability, and are sometimes difficult to predict. Autism Research 2018, 11: 1455-1467. (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Most autism diagnoses given before 5 years of age are stable to adulthood, but one-fifth of individuals are no longer considered to be autistic, even in a cohort biased toward apparent intellectual disability. Conversely, atypical autism diagnoses are mostly unstable. One-third of children who are nonverbal at 5 years are verbal within 15 years, mostly before 8 years of age. Concerning adaptive behavior outcomes, only one-fourth of children exhibit a high-growth trajectory through at least 15 years. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2022 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=370

Aberrant functional connectivity of inhibitory control networks in children with autism spectrum disorder / W. VOORHIES in Autism Research, 11-11 (November 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 11-11 (November 2018) . - p.1468-1478 Titre : Aberrant functional connectivity of inhibitory control networks in children with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : W. VOORHIES, Auteur ; Dina R. DAJANI, Auteur ; S. G. VIJ, Auteur ; S. SHANKAR, Auteur ; T. O. TURAN, Auteur ; L. Q. UDDIN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1468-1478 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  brain development  functional connectivity  inhibitory control  resting-state fMRI Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Development of inhibitory control is a core component of executive function processes and a key aspect of healthy development. Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show impairments in performance on inhibitory control tasks. Nevertheless, the research on the neural correlates of these impairments is inconclusive. Here, we explore the integrity of inhibitory control networks in children with ASD and typically developing (TD) children using resting state functional Magnetic Resonance Imagaing (MRI). In a large multisite sample, we find evidence for significantly greater functional connectivity (FC) of the right inferior frontal junction (rIFJ) with the posterior cingulate gyrus, and left and right frontal poles in children with ASD compared with TD children. Additionally, TD children show greater FC of rIFJ with the superior parietal lobule (SPL) compared with children with ASD. Furthermore, although higher rIFJ-SPL and rIFJ-IPL FC was related to better inhibitory control behaviors in both ASD and TD children, rIFJ-dACC FC was only associated with inhibitory control behaviors in TD children. These results provide preliminary evidence of differences in intrinsic functional networks supporting inhibitory control in children with ASD, and provide a basis for further exploration of the development of inhibitory control in children with the disorder. Autism Research 2018, 11: 1468-1478. (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Inhibitory control is an important process in healthy cognitive development. Behavioral studies suggest that inhibitory control is impaired in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, research examining the neural correlates underlying inhibitory control differences in children with ASD is inconclusive. This study reveals differences in functional connectivity of brain networks important for inhibitory control in children with ASD compared with typically developing children. Furthermore, it relates brain network differences to parent-reported inhibitory control behaviors in children with ASD. These findings provide support for the hypothesis that differences in brain connectivity may underlie observable behavioral deficits in inhibitory control in children with the disorder. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2014 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=370 [article] Aberrant functional connectivity of inhibitory control networks in children with autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / W. VOORHIES, Auteur ; Dina R. DAJANI, Auteur ; S. G. VIJ, Auteur ; S. SHANKAR, Auteur ; T. O. TURAN, Auteur ; L. Q. UDDIN, Auteur . - p.1468-1478. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 11-11 (November 2018) . - p.1468-1478 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  brain development  functional connectivity  inhibitory control  resting-state fMRI Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Development of inhibitory control is a core component of executive function processes and a key aspect of healthy development. Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show impairments in performance on inhibitory control tasks. Nevertheless, the research on the neural correlates of these impairments is inconclusive. Here, we explore the integrity of inhibitory control networks in children with ASD and typically developing (TD) children using resting state functional Magnetic Resonance Imagaing (MRI). In a large multisite sample, we find evidence for significantly greater functional connectivity (FC) of the right inferior frontal junction (rIFJ) with the posterior cingulate gyrus, and left and right frontal poles in children with ASD compared with TD children. Additionally, TD children show greater FC of rIFJ with the superior parietal lobule (SPL) compared with children with ASD. Furthermore, although higher rIFJ-SPL and rIFJ-IPL FC was related to better inhibitory control behaviors in both ASD and TD children, rIFJ-dACC FC was only associated with inhibitory control behaviors in TD children. These results provide preliminary evidence of differences in intrinsic functional networks supporting inhibitory control in children with ASD, and provide a basis for further exploration of the development of inhibitory control in children with the disorder. Autism Research 2018, 11: 1468-1478. (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Inhibitory control is an important process in healthy cognitive development. Behavioral studies suggest that inhibitory control is impaired in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, research examining the neural correlates underlying inhibitory control differences in children with ASD is inconclusive. This study reveals differences in functional connectivity of brain networks important for inhibitory control in children with ASD compared with typically developing children. Furthermore, it relates brain network differences to parent-reported inhibitory control behaviors in children with ASD. These findings provide support for the hypothesis that differences in brain connectivity may underlie observable behavioral deficits in inhibitory control in children with the disorder. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2014 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=370

Dynamic functional connectivity analysis reveals decreased variability of the default-mode network in developing autistic brain in Autism Research, 11-11 (November 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 11-11 (November 2018) . - p.1479-1493 Titre : Dynamic functional connectivity analysis reveals decreased variability of the default-mode network in developing autistic brain Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Article en page(s) : p.1479-1493 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  default-mode network  dynamic functional connectivity  resting-state fMRI  social deficits Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Accumulating neuroimaging evidence suggests that abnormal functional connectivity of the default mode network (DMN) contributes to the social-cognitive deficits of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Although most previous studies relied on conventional functional connectivity methods, which assume that connectivity patterns remain constant over time, understanding the temporal dynamics of functional connectivity during rest may provide new insights into the dysfunction of the DMN in ASD. In this work, dynamic functional connectivity analysis based on sliding time window correlation was applied to the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data of 28 young children with ASD (age range: 3-7 years) and 29 matched typically developing controls (TD group). In addition, k-means cluster analysis was performed to identify distinct temporal states based on the spatial similarity of each functional connectivity pattern. Compared with the TD group, young children with ASD showed decreased dynamic functional connectivity variance between the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and the right precentral gyrus, which is negatively correlated with social motivation and social relating. Cluster analysis revealed significant differences in functional connectivity patterns between the ASD and TD groups in discrete temporal states. Our findings reveal that atypical dynamic interactions between the PCC and sensorimotor cortex are associated with social deficits in ASD. Results also highlight the critical role of PCC in the social-cognitive deficits of ASD and support the concept that understanding the dynamic neural interactions among brain regions can provide insights into functional abnormalities in ASD. Autism Research 2018, 11: 1479-1493. (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Social cognitive dysfunction in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with dysfunction of the default mode network (DMN), a set of brain areas involved in various domains of social processing. We found that decreases in the dynamic functional connectivity variance between the posterior cingulate cortex and the sensorimotor cortex are associated with deficits in social motivation and social relating in young children with ASD. This result suggests that aberrations in the DMN and its dynamic interactions with other networks contribute to atypical integration of information with respect to self and others. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2020 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=370 [article] Dynamic functional connectivity analysis reveals decreased variability of the default-mode network in developing autistic brain [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] . - p.1479-1493. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 11-11 (November 2018) . - p.1479-1493 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  default-mode network  dynamic functional connectivity  resting-state fMRI  social deficits Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Accumulating neuroimaging evidence suggests that abnormal functional connectivity of the default mode network (DMN) contributes to the social-cognitive deficits of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Although most previous studies relied on conventional functional connectivity methods, which assume that connectivity patterns remain constant over time, understanding the temporal dynamics of functional connectivity during rest may provide new insights into the dysfunction of the DMN in ASD. In this work, dynamic functional connectivity analysis based on sliding time window correlation was applied to the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data of 28 young children with ASD (age range: 3-7 years) and 29 matched typically developing controls (TD group). In addition, k-means cluster analysis was performed to identify distinct temporal states based on the spatial similarity of each functional connectivity pattern. Compared with the TD group, young children with ASD showed decreased dynamic functional connectivity variance between the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and the right precentral gyrus, which is negatively correlated with social motivation and social relating. Cluster analysis revealed significant differences in functional connectivity patterns between the ASD and TD groups in discrete temporal states. Our findings reveal that atypical dynamic interactions between the PCC and sensorimotor cortex are associated with social deficits in ASD. Results also highlight the critical role of PCC in the social-cognitive deficits of ASD and support the concept that understanding the dynamic neural interactions among brain regions can provide insights into functional abnormalities in ASD. Autism Research 2018, 11: 1479-1493. (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Social cognitive dysfunction in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with dysfunction of the default mode network (DMN), a set of brain areas involved in various domains of social processing. We found that decreases in the dynamic functional connectivity variance between the posterior cingulate cortex and the sensorimotor cortex are associated with deficits in social motivation and social relating in young children with ASD. This result suggests that aberrations in the DMN and its dynamic interactions with other networks contribute to atypical integration of information with respect to self and others. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2020 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=370

Autistic-like traits in children are associated with enhanced performance in a qualitative visual working memory task / C. J. HAMILTON in Autism Research, 11-11 (November 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 11-11 (November 2018) . - p.1494-1499 Titre : Autistic-like traits in children are associated with enhanced performance in a qualitative visual working memory task Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : C. J. HAMILTON, Auteur ; I. C. MAMMARELLA, Auteur ; D. GIOFRE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1494-1499 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : broader autism phenotype  children  cognition  long-term memory  visual working memory Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Prior research has suggested that individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) demonstrate heterogeneity in cognitive efficacy, challenged executive resources but efficient visual processing. These contrasts lead to opposing predictions about visuospatial working memory competency in both ASD and the broader autism phenotype (BAP); compromised by constrained executive processes, but potentially scaffolded by effective visual representation. It is surprising therefore, that there is a paucity of visual working memory (VWM) research in both the ASD and BAP populations, which have focused upon the visual features of the to-be-remembered stimulus. We assessed whether individual differences in VWM were associated with autistic-like traits (ALTs) in the BAP. About 76 children carried out the Visual Just Noticeable Difference task, designed to measure high fidelity feature representation within VWM. ALTs were measured with the Children's Empathy Quotient and Systemizing Quotient. Analyses revealed a significant positive relationship between Systemizing and VWM performance. This complements ASD studies in visual processing and highlights the need for further research on the working memory-long-term memory interface in ASD and BAP populations. Autism Research 2018, 11: 1494-1499. (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: This study was interested in how well children with high levels of autistic-like traits (ALTs) carry out a task which involved memorizing, for brief time, the precise size of colored shapes. The results suggested that children with high levels of ALTs performed the task relatively well. This finding is in contrast to many previous studies suggest that ALTs are associated with poor memory, and suggests that future research needs to look more finely at how individuals carry out these tasks. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2028 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=370 [article] Autistic-like traits in children are associated with enhanced performance in a qualitative visual working memory task [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / C. J. HAMILTON, Auteur ; I. C. MAMMARELLA, Auteur ; D. GIOFRE, Auteur . - p.1494-1499. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 11-11 (November 2018) . - p.1494-1499 Mots-clés : broader autism phenotype  children  cognition  long-term memory  visual working memory Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Prior research has suggested that individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) demonstrate heterogeneity in cognitive efficacy, challenged executive resources but efficient visual processing. These contrasts lead to opposing predictions about visuospatial working memory competency in both ASD and the broader autism phenotype (BAP); compromised by constrained executive processes, but potentially scaffolded by effective visual representation. It is surprising therefore, that there is a paucity of visual working memory (VWM) research in both the ASD and BAP populations, which have focused upon the visual features of the to-be-remembered stimulus. We assessed whether individual differences in VWM were associated with autistic-like traits (ALTs) in the BAP. About 76 children carried out the Visual Just Noticeable Difference task, designed to measure high fidelity feature representation within VWM. ALTs were measured with the Children's Empathy Quotient and Systemizing Quotient. Analyses revealed a significant positive relationship between Systemizing and VWM performance. This complements ASD studies in visual processing and highlights the need for further research on the working memory-long-term memory interface in ASD and BAP populations. Autism Research 2018, 11: 1494-1499. (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: This study was interested in how well children with high levels of autistic-like traits (ALTs) carry out a task which involved memorizing, for brief time, the precise size of colored shapes. The results suggested that children with high levels of ALTs performed the task relatively well. This finding is in contrast to many previous studies suggest that ALTs are associated with poor memory, and suggests that future research needs to look more finely at how individuals carry out these tasks. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2028 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=370

Weighty Conversations: Caregivers', Children's, and Clinicians' Perspectives and Experiences of Discussing Weight-Related Topics in Healthcare Consultations / P. JACHYRA in Autism Research, 11-11 (November 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 11-11 (November 2018) . - p.1500-1510 Titre : Weighty Conversations: Caregivers', Children's, and Clinicians' Perspectives and Experiences of Discussing Weight-Related Topics in Healthcare Consultations Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : P. JACHYRA, Auteur ; Evdokia ANAGNOSTOU, Auteur ; T. J. KNIBBE, Auteur ; C. PETTA, Auteur ; S. COSGROVE, Auteur ; L. CHEN, Auteur ; L. CAPANO, Auteur ; L. MOLTISANTI, Auteur ; A. C. MCPHERSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1500-1510 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  health communication  health promotion  obesity  qualitative research Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at a higher risk of having obesity than their typically developing peers. Although it has been recommended that health care providers (HCPs) speak to caregivers and children about the risk of higher weights, no research has examined how HCPs communicate weight-related information. Furthermore, there is a dearth of evidence regarding how to approach and deliver optimal weight-related discussions among children with ASD and their caregivers. Given these knowledge gaps, 21 in-depth interviews were conducted with children with ASD, their caregivers, and HCPs. Using a qualitative analytic approach, data from interviews were analyzed thematically. Results suggest that HCPs at times projected weight stigma during clinical encounters, which did not motivate children and caregivers to work toward work loss or wellness. HCPs also described reticence in engaging families in weight-related conversations due to limited training, and lack of clinical tools to guide these conversations. All stakeholders identified a need to work together to establish a therapeutic partnership to discuss weight-related issues without blame or shame. The combination of strength-based communication approaches, establishing a strong therapeutic partnership, and development of clinical tools facilitating weight-related discussions for HCPs outlined in this article are potential vehicles to foster successful weight-related discussions while promoting lifelong wellness. Autism Research 2018, 11: 1500-1510. (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at a higher risk of having obesity. Yet, it is unknown how healthcare providers (HCPs) should deliver weight-related information. Findings suggest children and caregivers experienced weight stigma and were uncomfortable discussing weight-related issues. HCPs identified that they did not have sufficient training, and did not feel confident identifying/addressing weight issues. Tools are needed to facilitate weight-related discussions among children, caregivers and HCPs. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2017 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=370 [article] Weighty Conversations: Caregivers', Children's, and Clinicians' Perspectives and Experiences of Discussing Weight-Related Topics in Healthcare Consultations [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / P. JACHYRA, Auteur ; Evdokia ANAGNOSTOU, Auteur ; T. J. KNIBBE, Auteur ; C. PETTA, Auteur ; S. COSGROVE, Auteur ; L. CHEN, Auteur ; L. CAPANO, Auteur ; L. MOLTISANTI, Auteur ; A. C. MCPHERSON, Auteur . - p.1500-1510. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 11-11 (November 2018) . - p.1500-1510 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  health communication  health promotion  obesity  qualitative research Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at a higher risk of having obesity than their typically developing peers. Although it has been recommended that health care providers (HCPs) speak to caregivers and children about the risk of higher weights, no research has examined how HCPs communicate weight-related information. Furthermore, there is a dearth of evidence regarding how to approach and deliver optimal weight-related discussions among children with ASD and their caregivers. Given these knowledge gaps, 21 in-depth interviews were conducted with children with ASD, their caregivers, and HCPs. Using a qualitative analytic approach, data from interviews were analyzed thematically. Results suggest that HCPs at times projected weight stigma during clinical encounters, which did not motivate children and caregivers to work toward work loss or wellness. HCPs also described reticence in engaging families in weight-related conversations due to limited training, and lack of clinical tools to guide these conversations. All stakeholders identified a need to work together to establish a therapeutic partnership to discuss weight-related issues without blame or shame. The combination of strength-based communication approaches, establishing a strong therapeutic partnership, and development of clinical tools facilitating weight-related discussions for HCPs outlined in this article are potential vehicles to foster successful weight-related discussions while promoting lifelong wellness. Autism Research 2018, 11: 1500-1510. (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at a higher risk of having obesity. Yet, it is unknown how healthcare providers (HCPs) should deliver weight-related information. Findings suggest children and caregivers experienced weight stigma and were uncomfortable discussing weight-related issues. HCPs identified that they did not have sufficient training, and did not feel confident identifying/addressing weight issues. Tools are needed to facilitate weight-related discussions among children, caregivers and HCPs. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2017 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=370

Feasibility of utilizing autism navigator(R) for primary care in South Africa / Nola J. CHAMBERS in Autism Research, 11-11 (November 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 11-11 (November 2018) . - p.1511-1521 Titre : Feasibility of utilizing autism navigator(R) for primary care in South Africa Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Nola J. CHAMBERS, Auteur ; P. J. DE VRIES, Auteur ; Abigail D. DELEHANTY, Auteur ; Amy M. WETHERBY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1511-1521 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Navigator  South Africa  autism  early detection  professional development  web-based training Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : There is a significant research-to-practice gap in early detection of young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) worldwide but particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where expertise is limited and high-quality training is difficult to access. Autism Navigator(R) for Primary Care is a web-based course designed to increase awareness of red flags of ASD in the second year of life and thus promote earlier detection and referral for intervention. It contains extensive video illustrations that offer rapid access to multiple exemplars of ASD red flags. This study examined aspects of feasibility of the Autism Navigator(R) for Primary Care in one LMIC, South Africa. A mixed-methods quasi-experimental design was used to examine relevant professionals' implementation of the course and measure changes in their knowledge of red flags after training. Perceptions of the acceptability, demand, and practicality of the course were explored in focus groups. Sixty-two providers completed the course online with a 94% completion rate. Built-in learner assessment pass rates ranged from 88% to 100%. Second-language English speakers took longer to complete the learner assessments, and professionals with less access to the Internet spent less time in the course. Participants' perceptions of the acceptability, demand, and practicality of the course were mostly positive with some suggestions made for local conditions. Results supported the feasibility of the course in this LMIC with some supports required pertaining to language and Internet access. We propose that this training has the potential to lower the age of detection of ASD in South Africa and other LMICs. Autism Research 2018, 11: 1511-1521. (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Professionals in low- and middle-income countries urgently need training to recognize red flags of autism in very young children. The feasibility of utilizing the Autism Navigator(R) for Primary Care course for this training was explored with 62 South African professionals. After training, professionals' knowledge of early red flags improved, and most reported the course important and needed in South Africa. They found the web-based design mostly acceptable, practical, and culturally applicable. The course could help lower the age of autism detection. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2018 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=370 [article] Feasibility of utilizing autism navigator(R) for primary care in South Africa [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Nola J. CHAMBERS, Auteur ; P. J. DE VRIES, Auteur ; Abigail D. DELEHANTY, Auteur ; Amy M. WETHERBY, Auteur . - p.1511-1521. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 11-11 (November 2018) . - p.1511-1521 Mots-clés : Autism Navigator  South Africa  autism  early detection  professional development  web-based training Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : There is a significant research-to-practice gap in early detection of young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) worldwide but particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where expertise is limited and high-quality training is difficult to access. Autism Navigator(R) for Primary Care is a web-based course designed to increase awareness of red flags of ASD in the second year of life and thus promote earlier detection and referral for intervention. It contains extensive video illustrations that offer rapid access to multiple exemplars of ASD red flags. This study examined aspects of feasibility of the Autism Navigator(R) for Primary Care in one LMIC, South Africa. A mixed-methods quasi-experimental design was used to examine relevant professionals' implementation of the course and measure changes in their knowledge of red flags after training. Perceptions of the acceptability, demand, and practicality of the course were explored in focus groups. Sixty-two providers completed the course online with a 94% completion rate. Built-in learner assessment pass rates ranged from 88% to 100%. Second-language English speakers took longer to complete the learner assessments, and professionals with less access to the Internet spent less time in the course. Participants' perceptions of the acceptability, demand, and practicality of the course were mostly positive with some suggestions made for local conditions. Results supported the feasibility of the course in this LMIC with some supports required pertaining to language and Internet access. We propose that this training has the potential to lower the age of detection of ASD in South Africa and other LMICs. Autism Research 2018, 11: 1511-1521. (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Professionals in low- and middle-income countries urgently need training to recognize red flags of autism in very young children. The feasibility of utilizing the Autism Navigator(R) for Primary Care course for this training was explored with 62 South African professionals. After training, professionals' knowledge of early red flags improved, and most reported the course important and needed in South Africa. They found the web-based design mostly acceptable, practical, and culturally applicable. The course could help lower the age of autism detection. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2018 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=370

A functional but atypical self: Influence of self-relevant processing on the gaze cueing effect in autism spectrum disorder / S. ZHAO in Autism Research, 11-11 (November 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 11-11 (November 2018) . - p.1522-1531 Titre : A functional but atypical self: Influence of self-relevant processing on the gaze cueing effect in autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : S. ZHAO, Auteur ; S. UONO, Auteur ; S. YOSHIMURA, Auteur ; M. TOICHI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1522-1531 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  cueing effect  joint attention  self-relevant processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The present study aimed to determine whether the impairments in joint attention observed in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in clinical studies were influenced by self-relevant processing. To investigate this possibility, participants were trained to associate two cues (a female face and male face) with distinct words ("self" and "other"). The ASD and typically developing (TD) groups both demonstrated a significant self-relevant effect, responding more quickly to self-pairs than to other pairs. Then, two types of sound (voice and tone) used as targets were manipulated to determine whether the influence of self-relevance on the cueing effect would be similar between individuals with ASD and TD individuals. Individuals with ASD exhibited reduced cueing effect to voice vs. tone targets, whereas TD individuals showed an enhanced cueing effect to voice vs. tone targets when using self-relevant, but not other-relevant, gaze cues. The present results suggest that individuals with ASD exhibit intact self-relevant processing but that the self-relevant processing affects the attentional system of individuals with ASD in a manner different from that of TD individuals and that this difference depends on the self-relevance of the specific target stimuli. Autism Research 2018, 11: 1522-1531. (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Observing another person's eye gaze induces attentional shift in the onlooker. Clinical studies have reported that social interaction, including gaze-triggered attention, is impaired in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), while psychological studies have generally reported intact gaze-triggered attention in ASD. This study provided new evidence indicating that gaze-triggered attention is influenced by self-relevant processing in a different manner in ASD individuals than it is in TD individuals. The magnitude of attentional shift triggered by the self-relevant gaze cue was associated with symptom severity in ASD. The functional but atypical self-relevant processing might be able to explain discrepancies in social attention between experimental and real situations. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2019 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=370 [article] A functional but atypical self: Influence of self-relevant processing on the gaze cueing effect in autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / S. ZHAO, Auteur ; S. UONO, Auteur ; S. YOSHIMURA, Auteur ; M. TOICHI, Auteur . - p.1522-1531. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 11-11 (November 2018) . - p.1522-1531 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  cueing effect  joint attention  self-relevant processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The present study aimed to determine whether the impairments in joint attention observed in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in clinical studies were influenced by self-relevant processing. To investigate this possibility, participants were trained to associate two cues (a female face and male face) with distinct words ("self" and "other"). The ASD and typically developing (TD) groups both demonstrated a significant self-relevant effect, responding more quickly to self-pairs than to other pairs. Then, two types of sound (voice and tone) used as targets were manipulated to determine whether the influence of self-relevance on the cueing effect would be similar between individuals with ASD and TD individuals. Individuals with ASD exhibited reduced cueing effect to voice vs. tone targets, whereas TD individuals showed an enhanced cueing effect to voice vs. tone targets when using self-relevant, but not other-relevant, gaze cues. The present results suggest that individuals with ASD exhibit intact self-relevant processing but that the self-relevant processing affects the attentional system of individuals with ASD in a manner different from that of TD individuals and that this difference depends on the self-relevance of the specific target stimuli. Autism Research 2018, 11: 1522-1531. (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Observing another person's eye gaze induces attentional shift in the onlooker. Clinical studies have reported that social interaction, including gaze-triggered attention, is impaired in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), while psychological studies have generally reported intact gaze-triggered attention in ASD. This study provided new evidence indicating that gaze-triggered attention is influenced by self-relevant processing in a different manner in ASD individuals than it is in TD individuals. The magnitude of attentional shift triggered by the self-relevant gaze cue was associated with symptom severity in ASD. The functional but atypical self-relevant processing might be able to explain discrepancies in social attention between experimental and real situations. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2019 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=370

Infant quantitative risk for autism spectrum disorder predicts executive function in early childhood / R. L. STEPHENS in Autism Research, 11-11 (November 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 11-11 (November 2018) . - p.1532-1541 Titre : Infant quantitative risk for autism spectrum disorder predicts executive function in early childhood Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : R. L. STEPHENS, Auteur ; Linda R. WATSON, Auteur ; Elizabeth R. CRAIS, Auteur ; J. S. REZNICK, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1532-1541 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  early childhood  executive function  infant  quantitative measure  sensory Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Much of the current research concerning autism spectrum disorder (ASD) focuses on early identification of behaviors that may indicate future deficits or higher risk for a later diagnosis. Additionally, there exists a strong claim regarding the dimensional nature of ASD, such that even among non-diagnosed individuals, a continuous distribution of symptom severity can be observed. Executive function (EF) has been widely studied in children, adolescents, and adults with ASD, with a robust body of research supporting widespread EF deficits in diagnosed individuals. However, it remains unclear how the degree of ASD symptomatology, outside of the presence of a diagnosis, affects EF abilities in a community sample. The First Year Inventory 2.0 (FYI 2.0), a parent-report measure, was designed to identify infants at 12 months who are at risk for an eventual ASD diagnosis. In the current study, a continuous scoring scale was used to examine risk (overall, Social-Communication, and Sensory-Regulatory) from a dimensional perspective. Parents also completed the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Preschool Version and the Social Responsiveness Scale-2nd edition when their children were 42 months (3.5 years) old. Each FYI 2.0 risk variable significantly predicted scores on an overall EF composite and specific EF subscales. When controlling for general ASD symptomatology, Sensory-Regulatory risk still significantly predicted EF deficits. This research provides additional support for a quantitative consideration of risk for ASD and presents novel findings regarding the relation between infant behaviors indicative of ASD risk and EF in early childhood. Autism Research 2018, 11: 1532-1541. (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often have difficulty with executive function (EF) tasks that require a set of mental processes involved in goal-directed behaviors. Studying children without ASD who may have symptoms affecting EF is also important. This study demonstrates that certain infant behaviors related to ASD are linked to early childhood EF difficulties. These results support looking at a range of ASD symptoms to better understand children who struggle with EF and potentially design tools to help them. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2024 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=370 [article] Infant quantitative risk for autism spectrum disorder predicts executive function in early childhood [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / R. L. STEPHENS, Auteur ; Linda R. WATSON, Auteur ; Elizabeth R. CRAIS, Auteur ; J. S. REZNICK, Auteur . - p.1532-1541. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 11-11 (November 2018) . - p.1532-1541 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  early childhood  executive function  infant  quantitative measure  sensory Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Much of the current research concerning autism spectrum disorder (ASD) focuses on early identification of behaviors that may indicate future deficits or higher risk for a later diagnosis. Additionally, there exists a strong claim regarding the dimensional nature of ASD, such that even among non-diagnosed individuals, a continuous distribution of symptom severity can be observed. Executive function (EF) has been widely studied in children, adolescents, and adults with ASD, with a robust body of research supporting widespread EF deficits in diagnosed individuals. However, it remains unclear how the degree of ASD symptomatology, outside of the presence of a diagnosis, affects EF abilities in a community sample. The First Year Inventory 2.0 (FYI 2.0), a parent-report measure, was designed to identify infants at 12 months who are at risk for an eventual ASD diagnosis. In the current study, a continuous scoring scale was used to examine risk (overall, Social-Communication, and Sensory-Regulatory) from a dimensional perspective. Parents also completed the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Preschool Version and the Social Responsiveness Scale-2nd edition when their children were 42 months (3.5 years) old. Each FYI 2.0 risk variable significantly predicted scores on an overall EF composite and specific EF subscales. When controlling for general ASD symptomatology, Sensory-Regulatory risk still significantly predicted EF deficits. This research provides additional support for a quantitative consideration of risk for ASD and presents novel findings regarding the relation between infant behaviors indicative of ASD risk and EF in early childhood. Autism Research 2018, 11: 1532-1541. (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often have difficulty with executive function (EF) tasks that require a set of mental processes involved in goal-directed behaviors. Studying children without ASD who may have symptoms affecting EF is also important. This study demonstrates that certain infant behaviors related to ASD are linked to early childhood EF difficulties. These results support looking at a range of ASD symptoms to better understand children who struggle with EF and potentially design tools to help them. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2024 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=370

Belief-attribution in adults with and without autistic spectrum disorders / E. E. F. BRADFORD in Autism Research, 11-11 (November 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 11-11 (November 2018) . - p.1542-1553 Titre : Belief-attribution in adults with and without autistic spectrum disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : E. E. F. BRADFORD, Auteur ; V. HUKKER, Auteur ; L. SMITH, Auteur ; H. J. FERGUSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1542-1553 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autistic spectrum disorders  belief-attribution  false-belief  perspective-taking  theory of mind Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : An important aspect of daily life is the ability to infer information about the contents of other people's minds, such as what they can see and what they know, in order to engage in successful interactions. This is referred to as possession of a "Theory of Mind" (ToM). Past research has shown that adults with Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD) often show deficits in social communication abilities, although can successfully pass tests of explicit ToM. The current study utilized a computerized false-belief task to explore subtle differences (i.e., measuring response times and accuracy rates) in how efficiently ToM capacities-specifically, belief-attribution-are utilized in adults with and without ASD. In the task, participants were asked to attribute a belief-state to either themselves or another person, following establishment of a true or false-belief scenario. Results revealed comparable patterns of ToM engagement across individuals with and without ASD, with faster and more accurate responses to "Self" versus "Other" oriented questions, and slower response times when shifting between the "Self" and "Other" perspective compared to when maintaining a perspective. However, autistic individuals showed a particular deficit in correctly identifying a belief-state in false-belief trials, in which two contrasting belief-states had to be held in mind, suggesting more difficulty disengaging from current, reality based belief-states than neuro-typical individuals. Autism Res 2018, 11: 1542-1553. (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: To successfully communicate, we have to think about what other people do/do not know; this is called having a "Theory of Mind." This study looked at how well people use their Theory of Mind when thinking about the contents of people's minds. Results showed that people with autism had difficulties considering more than one mental state at a time, suggesting they may have more trouble in stopping themselves thinking about what is happening in reality than people without autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2032 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=370 [article] Belief-attribution in adults with and without autistic spectrum disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / E. E. F. BRADFORD, Auteur ; V. HUKKER, Auteur ; L. SMITH, Auteur ; H. J. FERGUSON, Auteur . - p.1542-1553. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 11-11 (November 2018) . - p.1542-1553 Mots-clés : autistic spectrum disorders  belief-attribution  false-belief  perspective-taking  theory of mind Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : An important aspect of daily life is the ability to infer information about the contents of other people's minds, such as what they can see and what they know, in order to engage in successful interactions. This is referred to as possession of a "Theory of Mind" (ToM). Past research has shown that adults with Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD) often show deficits in social communication abilities, although can successfully pass tests of explicit ToM. The current study utilized a computerized false-belief task to explore subtle differences (i.e., measuring response times and accuracy rates) in how efficiently ToM capacities-specifically, belief-attribution-are utilized in adults with and without ASD. In the task, participants were asked to attribute a belief-state to either themselves or another person, following establishment of a true or false-belief scenario. Results revealed comparable patterns of ToM engagement across individuals with and without ASD, with faster and more accurate responses to "Self" versus "Other" oriented questions, and slower response times when shifting between the "Self" and "Other" perspective compared to when maintaining a perspective. However, autistic individuals showed a particular deficit in correctly identifying a belief-state in false-belief trials, in which two contrasting belief-states had to be held in mind, suggesting more difficulty disengaging from current, reality based belief-states than neuro-typical individuals. Autism Res 2018, 11: 1542-1553. (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: To successfully communicate, we have to think about what other people do/do not know; this is called having a "Theory of Mind." This study looked at how well people use their Theory of Mind when thinking about the contents of people's minds. Results showed that people with autism had difficulties considering more than one mental state at a time, suggesting they may have more trouble in stopping themselves thinking about what is happening in reality than people without autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2032 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=370

Visual Exploration in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Exploring Age Differences and Dynamic Features Using Recurrence Quantification Analysis / N. V. MANYAKOV in Autism Research, 11-11 (November 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 11-11 (November 2018) . - p.1554-1566 Titre : Visual Exploration in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Exploring Age Differences and Dynamic Features Using Recurrence Quantification Analysis Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : N. V. MANYAKOV, Auteur ; Abigail BANGERTER, Auteur ; Meenakshi CHATTERJEE, Auteur ; L. MASON, Auteur ; S. NESS, Auteur ; D. LEWIN, Auteur ; A. SKALKIN, Auteur ; Matthew A. BOICE, Auteur ; M. S. GOODWIN, Auteur ; G. DAWSON, Auteur ; R. HENDREN, Auteur ; B. LEVENTHAL, Auteur ; F. SHIC, Auteur ; Gahan PANDINA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1554-1566 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : *autism spectrum disorder  *biomarkers  *eye-tracking  *recurrence quantification analysis  *restricted repetitive behavior  *visual exploration Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Eye-tracking studies have demonstrated that individuals with autism spectrum disorder sometimes show differences in attention and gaze patterns. This includes preference for certain nonsocial objects, heightened attention to detail, and more difficulty with attention shifting and disengagement, which may be associated with restricted and repetitive behaviors. This study utilized a visual exploration task and replicates findings of reduced number of objects explored and increased fixation duration on high autism interest objects in a large sample of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (n = 129, age 6-54 years) in comparison with a typically developing group. These findings correlated with parent-reported repetitive behaviors. Additionally, we applied recurrent quantification analysis to enable identification of new eye-tracking features, which accounted for temporal and spatial differences in viewing patterns. These new features were found to discriminate between autism spectrum disorder and typically developing groups and were correlated with parent-reported repetitive behaviors. Original and novel eye-tracking features identified by recurrent quantification analysis differed in their relationships to reported behaviors and were dependent on age. Trial Registration: NCT02299700. Autism Research 2018, 11: 1554-1566. (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Using eye-tracking technology and a visual exploration task, we showed that people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) spend more time looking at particular kinds of objects, like trains and clocks, and look at fewer objects overall than people without ASD. Where people look and the order in which they look at objects were related to the restricted and repetitive behaviors reported by parents. Eye-tracking may be a useful addition to parent reports for measuring changes in behavior in individuals with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2021 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=370 [article] Visual Exploration in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Exploring Age Differences and Dynamic Features Using Recurrence Quantification Analysis [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / N. V. MANYAKOV, Auteur ; Abigail BANGERTER, Auteur ; Meenakshi CHATTERJEE, Auteur ; L. MASON, Auteur ; S. NESS, Auteur ; D. LEWIN, Auteur ; A. SKALKIN, Auteur ; Matthew A. BOICE, Auteur ; M. S. GOODWIN, Auteur ; G. DAWSON, Auteur ; R. HENDREN, Auteur ; B. LEVENTHAL, Auteur ; F. SHIC, Auteur ; Gahan PANDINA, Auteur . - p.1554-1566. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 11-11 (November 2018) . - p.1554-1566 Mots-clés : *autism spectrum disorder  *biomarkers  *eye-tracking  *recurrence quantification analysis  *restricted repetitive behavior  *visual exploration Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Eye-tracking studies have demonstrated that individuals with autism spectrum disorder sometimes show differences in attention and gaze patterns. This includes preference for certain nonsocial objects, heightened attention to detail, and more difficulty with attention shifting and disengagement, which may be associated with restricted and repetitive behaviors. This study utilized a visual exploration task and replicates findings of reduced number of objects explored and increased fixation duration on high autism interest objects in a large sample of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (n = 129, age 6-54 years) in comparison with a typically developing group. These findings correlated with parent-reported repetitive behaviors. Additionally, we applied recurrent quantification analysis to enable identification of new eye-tracking features, which accounted for temporal and spatial differences in viewing patterns. These new features were found to discriminate between autism spectrum disorder and typically developing groups and were correlated with parent-reported repetitive behaviors. Original and novel eye-tracking features identified by recurrent quantification analysis differed in their relationships to reported behaviors and were dependent on age. Trial Registration: NCT02299700. Autism Research 2018, 11: 1554-1566. (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Using eye-tracking technology and a visual exploration task, we showed that people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) spend more time looking at particular kinds of objects, like trains and clocks, and look at fewer objects overall than people without ASD. Where people look and the order in which they look at objects were related to the restricted and repetitive behaviors reported by parents. Eye-tracking may be a useful addition to parent reports for measuring changes in behavior in individuals with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2021 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=370

In Search of Biomarkers for Autism Spectrum Disorder / Marta DEL VALLE RUBIDO in Autism Research, 11-11 (November 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 11-11 (November 2018) . - p.1567-1579 Titre : In Search of Biomarkers for Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Marta DEL VALLE RUBIDO, Auteur ; J. T. MCCRACKEN, Auteur ; E. HOLLANDER, Auteur ; F. SHIC, Auteur ; J. NOELDEKE, Auteur ; Lauren BOAK, Auteur ; O. KHWAJA, Auteur ; S. SADIKHOV, Auteur ; P. FONTOURA, Auteur ; D. UMBRICHT, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1567-1579 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : biomarker  eye movement  olfactory  social cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) lacks validated measures of core social functions across development stages suitable for clinical trials. We assessed the concurrent validity between ASD clinical measures and putative biomarkers of core deficits, and their feasibility of implementation in human studies. Datasets from two adult ASD studies were combined (observational study [n = 19] and interventional study baseline data [n = 19]). Potential biomarkers included eye-tracking, olfaction, and auditory and visual emotion recognition assessed via the Affective Speech Recognition test (ASR) and Reading-the-Mind-in-the-Eyes Test (RMET). Current functioning was assessed with intelligence quotient (IQ), adaptive skill testing, and behavioral ratings. Autism severity was determined by the Autism Diagnostic Observation Scale-2 and Social Communication Interaction Test (SCIT). Exploratory measures showed varying significant associations across ASD severity, adaptive skills, and behavior. Eye tracking endpoints showed little relationship to adaptive ability but correlated with severity and behavior. ASR scores significantly correlated with most adaptive behavior domains, as well as severity. Olfaction predicted visual and auditory emotion recognition. SCIT scores related moderately to multiple severity domains, and was the only measure not related with IQ. RMET accuracy was less related to ASD features. Eye tracking, SCIT, and ASR showed high test-retest reliability. We documented associations of proximal biomarkers of social functioning with multiple ASD dimensions. With the exception of SCIT, most correlations were modest, limiting utility as proxy measures of social communication. Feasibility and reliability were high for eye-tracking, ASR, and SCIT. Overall, several novel experimental paradigms showed potential as social biomarkers or surrogate markers in ASD. Autism Research 2018, 11: 1567-1579. (c) 2018 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: More accurate measurements of treatment effects are needed to help the development of new drug treatments for autism spectrum disorders (ASD). This study evaluates the relationship between assessments designed to measure behaviors associated with social communication and cognition in ASD with clinical and diagnostic assessments of symptom severity as well as their implementation. The assessments including eye-tracking, auditory and visual social stimuli recognition, and olfaction identification showed potential for use in the evaluation of treatments for social difficulties in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2026 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=370 [article] In Search of Biomarkers for Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Marta DEL VALLE RUBIDO, Auteur ; J. T. MCCRACKEN, Auteur ; E. HOLLANDER, Auteur ; F. SHIC, Auteur ; J. NOELDEKE, Auteur ; Lauren BOAK, Auteur ; O. KHWAJA, Auteur ; S. SADIKHOV, Auteur ; P. FONTOURA, Auteur ; D. UMBRICHT, Auteur . - p.1567-1579. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 11-11 (November 2018) . - p.1567-1579 Mots-clés : biomarker  eye movement  olfactory  social cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) lacks validated measures of core social functions across development stages suitable for clinical trials. We assessed the concurrent validity between ASD clinical measures and putative biomarkers of core deficits, and their feasibility of implementation in human studies. Datasets from two adult ASD studies were combined (observational study [n = 19] and interventional study baseline data [n = 19]). Potential biomarkers included eye-tracking, olfaction, and auditory and visual emotion recognition assessed via the Affective Speech Recognition test (ASR) and Reading-the-Mind-in-the-Eyes Test (RMET). Current functioning was assessed with intelligence quotient (IQ), adaptive skill testing, and behavioral ratings. Autism severity was determined by the Autism Diagnostic Observation Scale-2 and Social Communication Interaction Test (SCIT). Exploratory measures showed varying significant associations across ASD severity, adaptive skills, and behavior. Eye tracking endpoints showed little relationship to adaptive ability but correlated with severity and behavior. ASR scores significantly correlated with most adaptive behavior domains, as well as severity. Olfaction predicted visual and auditory emotion recognition. SCIT scores related moderately to multiple severity domains, and was the only measure not related with IQ. RMET accuracy was less related to ASD features. Eye tracking, SCIT, and ASR showed high test-retest reliability. We documented associations of proximal biomarkers of social functioning with multiple ASD dimensions. With the exception of SCIT, most correlations were modest, limiting utility as proxy measures of social communication. Feasibility and reliability were high for eye-tracking, ASR, and SCIT. Overall, several novel experimental paradigms showed potential as social biomarkers or surrogate markers in ASD. Autism Research 2018, 11: 1567-1579. (c) 2018 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: More accurate measurements of treatment effects are needed to help the development of new drug treatments for autism spectrum disorders (ASD). This study evaluates the relationship between assessments designed to measure behaviors associated with social communication and cognition in ASD with clinical and diagnostic assessments of symptom severity as well as their implementation. The assessments including eye-tracking, auditory and visual social stimuli recognition, and olfaction identification showed potential for use in the evaluation of treatments for social difficulties in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2026 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=370