Dépouillements

Editorial / Frank C. VERHULST in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41-6 (September 2000)

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 41-6 (September 2000) . - p.677-678 Titre : Editorial Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Frank C. VERHULST, Auteur Année de publication : 2000 Article en page(s) : p.677-678 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=125 [article] Editorial [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Frank C. VERHULST, Auteur . - 2000 . - p.677-678. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 41-6 (September 2000) . - p.677-678 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=125

Annotation: MRI Neuroimaging of Childhood Psychiatric Disorders: A Selective Review / Stephan ELIEZ in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41-6 (September 2000)

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 41-6 (September 2000) . - p.679-694 Titre : Annotation: MRI Neuroimaging of Childhood Psychiatric Disorders: A Selective Review Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Stephan ELIEZ, Auteur ; Allan L. REISS, Auteur Année de publication : 2000 Article en page(s) : p.679-694 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ADD/ADHD  autistic disorder  brain imaging  depression  schizophrenia  Tourette syndrome Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Over the past 10 years, innovations in physics and computer science have promoted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as an essential tool for investigating the biological substrates of psychiatric disorders. Requiring no radiation exposure, MRI is now the preferred imaging technique for pediatric populations. However, the rapid technical advances in MRI pulse sequences, data processing, and analysis have made it increasingly complex for clinicians to compare and critically evaluate MRI research studies. This paper selectively reviews MRI research on five psychiatric conditions occurring in childhood or adolescence: ADHD, autism, childhood-onset schizophrenia, Tourette syndrome, and early-onset depression. The selection of papers reviewed was based on four criteria: the originality of the idea underlying the paper, the quality of the sample and methodologies used, the presence of controversial findings in the paper, and whether the paper was a clear illustration of specific methodological strengths or weaknesses. The tlwo goals of this review paper are to update clinicians on morphometric brain imaging in child psychiatry and the methodological issues pertaining to image acquisition and analysis, and to promote critical reading of future MRI studies. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=125 [article] Annotation: MRI Neuroimaging of Childhood Psychiatric Disorders: A Selective Review [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Stephan ELIEZ, Auteur ; Allan L. REISS, Auteur . - 2000 . - p.679-694. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 41-6 (September 2000) . - p.679-694 Mots-clés : ADD/ADHD  autistic disorder  brain imaging  depression  schizophrenia  Tourette syndrome Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Over the past 10 years, innovations in physics and computer science have promoted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as an essential tool for investigating the biological substrates of psychiatric disorders. Requiring no radiation exposure, MRI is now the preferred imaging technique for pediatric populations. However, the rapid technical advances in MRI pulse sequences, data processing, and analysis have made it increasingly complex for clinicians to compare and critically evaluate MRI research studies. This paper selectively reviews MRI research on five psychiatric conditions occurring in childhood or adolescence: ADHD, autism, childhood-onset schizophrenia, Tourette syndrome, and early-onset depression. The selection of papers reviewed was based on four criteria: the originality of the idea underlying the paper, the quality of the sample and methodologies used, the presence of controversial findings in the paper, and whether the paper was a clear illustration of specific methodological strengths or weaknesses. The tlwo goals of this review paper are to update clinicians on morphometric brain imaging in child psychiatry and the methodological issues pertaining to image acquisition and analysis, and to promote critical reading of future MRI studies. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=125

Emanuel Miller Lecture From Pogroms to “Ethnic Cleansing”: Meeting the Needs of War Affected Children / William YULE in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41-6 (September 2000)

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 41-6 (September 2000) . - p.695-702 Titre : Emanuel Miller Lecture From Pogroms to “Ethnic Cleansing”: Meeting the Needs of War Affected Children Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : William YULE, Auteur Année de publication : 2000 Article en page(s) : p.695-702 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : War  refugees  stress  Post Traumatic Stress Disorder  Convention on the Rights of the Child Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Children are both the direct and indirect targets during wars. They are directly affected by violence aimed at them and their families; they are indirectly affected by the distress caused to their families; they may be internally displaced or find themselves crossing borders as asylum seekers. Their experiences during and immediately after war militate against their developing in a safe, secure, and predictable environment. Their human rights are compromised and their mental health put at risk. Whether in the country at and after war, or in the country that offers refuge, children's mental health needs have to be properly assessed and met. In many cases, children may only require a sense of safety and support via their family and school. In other cases, they require more complicated psychosocial interventions that address the various stress reactions they manifest. This paper addresses these issues against the context of a major community-based programme in Mostar in Bosnia during the recent civil war there. It argues that we have reasonably good screening measures to identify children at high risk of developing mental health problems. It presents an hierarchical model of support and intervention whereby psychosocial help is delivered primarily through schools with only a small proportion of more complex needs being met by specially trained mental health professionals. There is a strong need to evaluate various methods of delivering help and to develop new ways of reaching needy children in a nonstigmatising way. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=125 [article] Emanuel Miller Lecture From Pogroms to “Ethnic Cleansing”: Meeting the Needs of War Affected Children [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / William YULE, Auteur . - 2000 . - p.695-702. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 41-6 (September 2000) . - p.695-702 Mots-clés : War  refugees  stress  Post Traumatic Stress Disorder  Convention on the Rights of the Child Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Children are both the direct and indirect targets during wars. They are directly affected by violence aimed at them and their families; they are indirectly affected by the distress caused to their families; they may be internally displaced or find themselves crossing borders as asylum seekers. Their experiences during and immediately after war militate against their developing in a safe, secure, and predictable environment. Their human rights are compromised and their mental health put at risk. Whether in the country at and after war, or in the country that offers refuge, children's mental health needs have to be properly assessed and met. In many cases, children may only require a sense of safety and support via their family and school. In other cases, they require more complicated psychosocial interventions that address the various stress reactions they manifest. This paper addresses these issues against the context of a major community-based programme in Mostar in Bosnia during the recent civil war there. It argues that we have reasonably good screening measures to identify children at high risk of developing mental health problems. It presents an hierarchical model of support and intervention whereby psychosocial help is delivered primarily through schools with only a small proportion of more complex needs being met by specially trained mental health professionals. There is a strong need to evaluate various methods of delivering help and to develop new ways of reaching needy children in a nonstigmatising way. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=125

Practitioner Review: Preconditions and Outcome of Inpatient Treatment in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry / B. BLANZ in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41-6 (September 2000)

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 41-6 (September 2000) . - p.703-712 Titre : Practitioner Review: Preconditions and Outcome of Inpatient Treatment in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : B. BLANZ, Auteur ; Martin H. SCHMIDT, Auteur Année de publication : 2000 Article en page(s) : p.703-712 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Evaluation  hospitalisation  therapy  continuum of care Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Inpatient care is expensive and should ideally be provided for children and adolescents with the most serious psychiatric disorders. However, only little is known about inpatient treatment, e.g. the factors influencing hospital admission, the content of care in the hospital, the appropriate norms for the duration of inpatient stays, the inpatient arrangements that result in the best outcomes, or connection with necessary aftercare services. There are many methodological problems with existing research. However, it can cautiously be concluded that psychiatric hospitalisation of children and adolescents is often beneficial, particularly if special aspects of treatment are fulfilled (e.g. good therapeutic alliance, treatment with a cognitive-based problem-solving skills training package, or planned discharge) and aftercare services are available. The continuum-of-care model is promising because it provides opportunities to achieve better integration between inpatient interventions and aftercare services. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=125 [article] Practitioner Review: Preconditions and Outcome of Inpatient Treatment in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / B. BLANZ, Auteur ; Martin H. SCHMIDT, Auteur . - 2000 . - p.703-712. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 41-6 (September 2000) . - p.703-712 Mots-clés : Evaluation  hospitalisation  therapy  continuum of care Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Inpatient care is expensive and should ideally be provided for children and adolescents with the most serious psychiatric disorders. However, only little is known about inpatient treatment, e.g. the factors influencing hospital admission, the content of care in the hospital, the appropriate norms for the duration of inpatient stays, the inpatient arrangements that result in the best outcomes, or connection with necessary aftercare services. There are many methodological problems with existing research. However, it can cautiously be concluded that psychiatric hospitalisation of children and adolescents is often beneficial, particularly if special aspects of treatment are fulfilled (e.g. good therapeutic alliance, treatment with a cognitive-based problem-solving skills training package, or planned discharge) and aftercare services are available. The continuum-of-care model is promising because it provides opportunities to achieve better integration between inpatient interventions and aftercare services. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=125

The Treatment of Childhood Social Phobia: The Effectiveness of a Social Skills Training-based, Cognitive-behavioural Intervention, with and without Parental Involvement / Susan H. SPENCE in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41-6 (September 2000)

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 41-6 (September 2000) . - p.713-726 Titre : The Treatment of Childhood Social Phobia: The Effectiveness of a Social Skills Training-based, Cognitive-behavioural Intervention, with and without Parental Involvement Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Susan H. SPENCE, Auteur ; Caroline L. DONOVAN, Auteur ; Margaret BRECHMAN-TOUSSAINT, Auteur Année de publication : 2000 Article en page(s) : p.713-726 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Cognitive-behaviour therapy  social phobia  anxiety  behaviour therapy  cognitive therapy  outcome  phobias  social skills training Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Fifty children aged 7–14 years with a principal diagnosis of social phobia were randomly assigned to either child-focused cognitive-behaviour therapy (CBT), CBT plus parent involvement, or a wait list control (WLC). The integrated CBT program involved intensive social skills training combined with graded exposure and cognitive challenging. At post-treatment, significantly fewer children in the treatment conditions retained a clinical diagnosis of social phobia compared to the WLC condition. In comparison to the WLC, children in both CBT interventions showed significantly greater reductions in children's social and general anxiety and a significant increase in parental ratings of child social skills performance. At 12-month follow-up, both treatment groups retained their improvement. There was a trend towards superior results when parents were involved in treatment, but this effect was not statistically significant. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=125 [article] The Treatment of Childhood Social Phobia: The Effectiveness of a Social Skills Training-based, Cognitive-behavioural Intervention, with and without Parental Involvement [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Susan H. SPENCE, Auteur ; Caroline L. DONOVAN, Auteur ; Margaret BRECHMAN-TOUSSAINT, Auteur . - 2000 . - p.713-726. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 41-6 (September 2000) . - p.713-726 Mots-clés : Cognitive-behaviour therapy  social phobia  anxiety  behaviour therapy  cognitive therapy  outcome  phobias  social skills training Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Fifty children aged 7–14 years with a principal diagnosis of social phobia were randomly assigned to either child-focused cognitive-behaviour therapy (CBT), CBT plus parent involvement, or a wait list control (WLC). The integrated CBT program involved intensive social skills training combined with graded exposure and cognitive challenging. At post-treatment, significantly fewer children in the treatment conditions retained a clinical diagnosis of social phobia compared to the WLC condition. In comparison to the WLC, children in both CBT interventions showed significantly greater reductions in children's social and general anxiety and a significant increase in parental ratings of child social skills performance. At 12-month follow-up, both treatment groups retained their improvement. There was a trend towards superior results when parents were involved in treatment, but this effect was not statistically significant. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=125

Family Therapy for Adolescent Anorexia Nervosa: The Results of a Controlled Comparison of Two Family Interventions / Ivan EISLER in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41-6 (September 2000)

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 41-6 (September 2000) . - p.727-736 Titre : Family Therapy for Adolescent Anorexia Nervosa: The Results of a Controlled Comparison of Two Family Interventions Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ivan EISLER, Auteur ; Christopher DARE, Auteur ; Matthew HODES, Auteur ; Gerald F.M. RUSSELL, Auteur ; Elizabeth DODGE, Auteur ; Daniel LE GRANGE, Auteur Année de publication : 2000 Article en page(s) : p.727-736 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescence  anorexia nervosa  eating disorder  evaluation  family therapy  therapy Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This paper reports the results of a randomised treatment trial of two forms of outpatient family intervention for anorexia nervosa. Forty adolescent patients with anorexia nervosa were randomly assigned to “conjoint family therapy” (CFT) or to “separated family therapy” (SFT) using a stratified design controlling for levels of critical comments using the Expressed Emotion index. The design required therapists to undertake both forms of treatment and the distinctiveness of the two therapies was ensured by separate supervisors conducting live supervision of the treatments. Measures were undertaken on admission to the study, at 3 months, at 6 months and at the end of treatment. Considerable improvement in nutritional and psychological state occurred across both treatment groups. On global measure of outcome, the two forms of therapy were associated with equivalent end of treatment results. However, for those patients with high levels of maternal criticism towards the patient, the SFT was shown to be superior to the CFT. When individual status measures were explored, there were further differences between the treatments. Symptomatic change was more marked in the SFT whereas there was considerably more psychological change in the CFT group. There were significant changes in family measures of Expressed Emotion. Critical comments between parents and patient were significantly reduced and that between parents was also diminished. Warmth between parents increased. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=125 [article] Family Therapy for Adolescent Anorexia Nervosa: The Results of a Controlled Comparison of Two Family Interventions [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ivan EISLER, Auteur ; Christopher DARE, Auteur ; Matthew HODES, Auteur ; Gerald F.M. RUSSELL, Auteur ; Elizabeth DODGE, Auteur ; Daniel LE GRANGE, Auteur . - 2000 . - p.727-736. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 41-6 (September 2000) . - p.727-736 Mots-clés : Adolescence  anorexia nervosa  eating disorder  evaluation  family therapy  therapy Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This paper reports the results of a randomised treatment trial of two forms of outpatient family intervention for anorexia nervosa. Forty adolescent patients with anorexia nervosa were randomly assigned to “conjoint family therapy” (CFT) or to “separated family therapy” (SFT) using a stratified design controlling for levels of critical comments using the Expressed Emotion index. The design required therapists to undertake both forms of treatment and the distinctiveness of the two therapies was ensured by separate supervisors conducting live supervision of the treatments. Measures were undertaken on admission to the study, at 3 months, at 6 months and at the end of treatment. Considerable improvement in nutritional and psychological state occurred across both treatment groups. On global measure of outcome, the two forms of therapy were associated with equivalent end of treatment results. However, for those patients with high levels of maternal criticism towards the patient, the SFT was shown to be superior to the CFT. When individual status measures were explored, there were further differences between the treatments. Symptomatic change was more marked in the SFT whereas there was considerably more psychological change in the CFT group. There were significant changes in family measures of Expressed Emotion. Critical comments between parents and patient were significantly reduced and that between parents was also diminished. Warmth between parents increased. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=125

Effects of Early Maternal Depression on Patterns of Infant-Mother Attachment: A Meta-analytic Investigation / Carla MARTINS in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41-6 (September 2000)

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 41-6 (September 2000) . - p.737-746 Titre : Effects of Early Maternal Depression on Patterns of Infant-Mother Attachment: A Meta-analytic Investigation Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Carla MARTINS, Auteur ; E. A. GAFFAN, Auteur Année de publication : 2000 Article en page(s) : p.737-746 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Attachment  depression  infancy  meta-analysis  mothers Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We analysed results from seven American and British studies that compared groups of mothers with and without clinically diagnosed depression, and assessed the attachment category of their infants (under 3 years) using the Strange Situation. The samples were predominantly middle-income and free of risk factors other than maternal depression. Meta-analysis using loglinear modelling and standardised residuals showed that the effect of depression on the distribution of infants' attachment was statistically heterogeneous. However, after removing one outlier study, the effect of depression was homogeneous across the remaining six studies. Infants of depressed mothers showed significantly reduced likelihood of secure (B) attachment and marginally raised likelihood of avoidant (A) and disorganised (D) attachment. The first two effects varied considerably in magnitude between studies, whereas the increase in disorganised attachment, from 17% to 28% on average, was consistent. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=125 [article] Effects of Early Maternal Depression on Patterns of Infant-Mother Attachment: A Meta-analytic Investigation [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Carla MARTINS, Auteur ; E. A. GAFFAN, Auteur . - 2000 . - p.737-746. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 41-6 (September 2000) . - p.737-746 Mots-clés : Attachment  depression  infancy  meta-analysis  mothers Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We analysed results from seven American and British studies that compared groups of mothers with and without clinically diagnosed depression, and assessed the attachment category of their infants (under 3 years) using the Strange Situation. The samples were predominantly middle-income and free of risk factors other than maternal depression. Meta-analysis using loglinear modelling and standardised residuals showed that the effect of depression on the distribution of infants' attachment was statistically heterogeneous. However, after removing one outlier study, the effect of depression was homogeneous across the remaining six studies. Infants of depressed mothers showed significantly reduced likelihood of secure (B) attachment and marginally raised likelihood of avoidant (A) and disorganised (D) attachment. The first two effects varied considerably in magnitude between studies, whereas the increase in disorganised attachment, from 17% to 28% on average, was consistent. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=125

Maternal Depressive Symptoms Affect Infant Cognitive Development in Barbados / Janina R. GALLER in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41-6 (September 2000)

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 41-6 (September 2000) . - p.747-757 Titre : Maternal Depressive Symptoms Affect Infant Cognitive Development in Barbados Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Janina R. GALLER, Auteur ; Robert H. HARRISON, Auteur ; Frank RAMSEY, Auteur ; Victor FORDE, Auteur ; Samantha C. BUTLER, Auteur Année de publication : 2000 Article en page(s) : p.747-757 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Anxiety  depression  development  breast-feeding  Griffiths Scales  cognitive development. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This longitudinal study is part of a series examining the relationships between maternal mood, feeding practices, and infant growth and development during the first 6 months of life in 226 well-nourished mother-infant dyads in Barbados. In this report, we assessed maternal moods (General Adjustment and Morale Scale and Zung Depression and Anxiety Scales), feeding practices (scales describing breast-feeding and other practices associated with infant feeding in this setting), and infant cognitive development (Griffiths Mental Development Scales). Multivariate analyses, with and without controlling for background variables, established significant relationships between maternal moods and infant cognitive development. Infants of mothers with mild-moderate depression had lower Griffiths scores than infants of mothers without depression. Maternal depressive symptoms and lack of trust at 7 weeks predicted lower infant social and performance scores at 3 months. Maternal moods at 6 months were associated with lower scores in motor development at the same age. Although no independent relationships emerged between feeding practices and infant cognitive development, the combination of diminished infant feeding intensity and maternal depression predicted delays in infant social development. These findings demonstrate the need to carefully monitor maternal moods during the postpartum period, in order to maximize the benefits of breast-feeding and related health programs to infant cognitive development. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=125 [article] Maternal Depressive Symptoms Affect Infant Cognitive Development in Barbados [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Janina R. GALLER, Auteur ; Robert H. HARRISON, Auteur ; Frank RAMSEY, Auteur ; Victor FORDE, Auteur ; Samantha C. BUTLER, Auteur . - 2000 . - p.747-757. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 41-6 (September 2000) . - p.747-757 Mots-clés : Anxiety  depression  development  breast-feeding  Griffiths Scales  cognitive development. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This longitudinal study is part of a series examining the relationships between maternal mood, feeding practices, and infant growth and development during the first 6 months of life in 226 well-nourished mother-infant dyads in Barbados. In this report, we assessed maternal moods (General Adjustment and Morale Scale and Zung Depression and Anxiety Scales), feeding practices (scales describing breast-feeding and other practices associated with infant feeding in this setting), and infant cognitive development (Griffiths Mental Development Scales). Multivariate analyses, with and without controlling for background variables, established significant relationships between maternal moods and infant cognitive development. Infants of mothers with mild-moderate depression had lower Griffiths scores than infants of mothers without depression. Maternal depressive symptoms and lack of trust at 7 weeks predicted lower infant social and performance scores at 3 months. Maternal moods at 6 months were associated with lower scores in motor development at the same age. Although no independent relationships emerged between feeding practices and infant cognitive development, the combination of diminished infant feeding intensity and maternal depression predicted delays in infant social development. These findings demonstrate the need to carefully monitor maternal moods during the postpartum period, in order to maximize the benefits of breast-feeding and related health programs to infant cognitive development. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=125

Insecure and Disorganised Attachment in Children with a Pervasive Developmental Disorder: Relationship with Social Interaction and Heart Rate / Sophie H. N. SWINKELS in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41-6 (September 2000)

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 41-6 (September 2000) . - p.759-767 Titre : Insecure and Disorganised Attachment in Children with a Pervasive Developmental Disorder: Relationship with Social Interaction and Heart Rate Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sophie H. N. SWINKELS, Auteur ; Marian J. BAKERMANS-KRANENBURG, Auteur ; Jan K. BUITELAAR, Auteur ; Marinus H. VAN IJZENDOORN, Auteur ; Herman VAN ENGELAND, Auteur Année de publication : 2000 Article en page(s) : p.759-767 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Pervasive Developmental Disorder  attachment  autistic disorder  child development  ethology  behavioural measures Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study on children with a Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD; N= 32), children with developmental language disorder (N= 22), and normally developing children (N= 28) sought to answer questions concerning attachment and autistic behaviour. We could replicate the finding that children with a PDD are able to develop secure attachment relationships to their primary caregiver. Children withPDDwho had an insecure attachment showed fewer social initiatives and responses than children with PDD who had a secure attachment, even when the insecurely and securely attached PDD children were matched on chronological and mental age. Children with both a PDD and mental retardation were more often classified as disorganised. Three findings suggested that a disorganised attachment does not merely reflect the presence of “autistic” behaviour: (1) children with PDD did not reveal higher rates of a disorganised attachment than matched comparison children; (2) having a PDD diagnosis and having a disorganised attachment were found to be associated with opposite effects on an ethological measure of level of behavioural organisation; and (3) a disorganised attachment but not a PDD diagnosis was associated with an increase in heart rate during parting with the caregiver and a decrease in heart rate during reunion. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=125 [article] Insecure and Disorganised Attachment in Children with a Pervasive Developmental Disorder: Relationship with Social Interaction and Heart Rate [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sophie H. N. SWINKELS, Auteur ; Marian J. BAKERMANS-KRANENBURG, Auteur ; Jan K. BUITELAAR, Auteur ; Marinus H. VAN IJZENDOORN, Auteur ; Herman VAN ENGELAND, Auteur . - 2000 . - p.759-767. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 41-6 (September 2000) . - p.759-767 Mots-clés : Pervasive Developmental Disorder  attachment  autistic disorder  child development  ethology  behavioural measures Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study on children with a Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD; N= 32), children with developmental language disorder (N= 22), and normally developing children (N= 28) sought to answer questions concerning attachment and autistic behaviour. We could replicate the finding that children with a PDD are able to develop secure attachment relationships to their primary caregiver. Children withPDDwho had an insecure attachment showed fewer social initiatives and responses than children with PDD who had a secure attachment, even when the insecurely and securely attached PDD children were matched on chronological and mental age. Children with both a PDD and mental retardation were more often classified as disorganised. Three findings suggested that a disorganised attachment does not merely reflect the presence of “autistic” behaviour: (1) children with PDD did not reveal higher rates of a disorganised attachment than matched comparison children; (2) having a PDD diagnosis and having a disorganised attachment were found to be associated with opposite effects on an ethological measure of level of behavioural organisation; and (3) a disorganised attachment but not a PDD diagnosis was associated with an increase in heart rate during parting with the caregiver and a decrease in heart rate during reunion. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=125

Atypical Interference of Local Detail on Global Processing in High-functioning Autism and Asperger's Disorder / Nicole J. RINEHART in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41-6 (September 2000)

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 41-6 (September 2000) . - p.769-778 Titre : Atypical Interference of Local Detail on Global Processing in High-functioning Autism and Asperger's Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Nicole J. RINEHART, Auteur ; John L. BRADSHAW, Auteur ; Simon A. MOSS, Auteur ; Avril V. BRERETON, Auteur ; Bruce J. TONGE, Auteur Année de publication : 2000 Article en page(s) : p.769-778 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : High-functioning autism  Asperger's disorder  local-global processing  global dvantage  local interference  autistic disorder  executive function  laterality  perception Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study explored the claim that individuals with autism and Asperger's disorder tend to process locally rather than holistically. Participants observed a large or “global” number composed of smaller or “local” numbers. The response was contingent upon the identification of either the large stimulus or the small stimuli. Relative to age, sex, and IQ matched controls, global processing in children and adolescents with autism (N= 12) and Asperger's disorder (N= 12) was more vulnerable when the local stimuli were incongruent. The autism group made more global errors than their matched control group, regardless of whether there was local incongruence. In contrast, the Asperger's disorder group made a similar number of global errors as their respective control group. These results were discussed in relation to an “absence of global precedence” notion, “weak central coherence” theory, and right-hemisphere dysfunction. The neurobiological significance of these findings were discussed in the context of a fronto-striatal model of dysfunction. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=125 [article] Atypical Interference of Local Detail on Global Processing in High-functioning Autism and Asperger's Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Nicole J. RINEHART, Auteur ; John L. BRADSHAW, Auteur ; Simon A. MOSS, Auteur ; Avril V. BRERETON, Auteur ; Bruce J. TONGE, Auteur . - 2000 . - p.769-778. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 41-6 (September 2000) . - p.769-778 Mots-clés : High-functioning autism  Asperger's disorder  local-global processing  global dvantage  local interference  autistic disorder  executive function  laterality  perception Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study explored the claim that individuals with autism and Asperger's disorder tend to process locally rather than holistically. Participants observed a large or “global” number composed of smaller or “local” numbers. The response was contingent upon the identification of either the large stimulus or the small stimuli. Relative to age, sex, and IQ matched controls, global processing in children and adolescents with autism (N= 12) and Asperger's disorder (N= 12) was more vulnerable when the local stimuli were incongruent. The autism group made more global errors than their matched control group, regardless of whether there was local incongruence. In contrast, the Asperger's disorder group made a similar number of global errors as their respective control group. These results were discussed in relation to an “absence of global precedence” notion, “weak central coherence” theory, and right-hemisphere dysfunction. The neurobiological significance of these findings were discussed in the context of a fronto-striatal model of dysfunction. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=125

Educational, Psychosocial, and Sexual Outcomes of Girls with Conduct Problems in Early Adolescence / David M. FERGUSSON in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41-6 (September 2000)

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 41-6 (September 2000) . - p.779-792 Titre : Educational, Psychosocial, and Sexual Outcomes of Girls with Conduct Problems in Early Adolescence Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : David M. FERGUSSON, Auteur ; Lianne J. WOODWARD, Auteur Année de publication : 2000 Article en page(s) : p.779-792 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Conduct problems  antisocial behaviour  female development  adolescence  International Diagnostic Interview Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This paper examines the extent to which conduct problems at age 13 are associated with a range of educational, psychosocial, and sexual outcomes at age 18 in a birth cohort of 488 young women. Signi?cant associations were found between early adolescent conduct problems and later risks of educational failure, juvenile crime, substance abuse, mental health problems, and adverse sexual outcomes by late adolescence. These elevated risks were explained, in part, by social, family, and personal disadvantages associated with adjustment at age 13. In addition, there was evidence of a causal chain process in which early adolescent conduct problems were associated with a series of adolescent risk-taking behaviours, including delinquent peer affiliations, early-onset sexual behaviour, substance use, and school problems that were, in turn, associated with increased risks of later adverse outcomes. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=125 [article] Educational, Psychosocial, and Sexual Outcomes of Girls with Conduct Problems in Early Adolescence [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / David M. FERGUSSON, Auteur ; Lianne J. WOODWARD, Auteur . - 2000 . - p.779-792. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 41-6 (September 2000) . - p.779-792 Mots-clés : Conduct problems  antisocial behaviour  female development  adolescence  International Diagnostic Interview Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This paper examines the extent to which conduct problems at age 13 are associated with a range of educational, psychosocial, and sexual outcomes at age 18 in a birth cohort of 488 young women. Signi?cant associations were found between early adolescent conduct problems and later risks of educational failure, juvenile crime, substance abuse, mental health problems, and adverse sexual outcomes by late adolescence. These elevated risks were explained, in part, by social, family, and personal disadvantages associated with adjustment at age 13. In addition, there was evidence of a causal chain process in which early adolescent conduct problems were associated with a series of adolescent risk-taking behaviours, including delinquent peer affiliations, early-onset sexual behaviour, substance use, and school problems that were, in turn, associated with increased risks of later adverse outcomes. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=125

Predictors of Functional Impairment in Children and Adolescents / Lourdes EZPELETA in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41-6 (September 2000)

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 41-6 (September 2000) . - p.793-801 Titre : Predictors of Functional Impairment in Children and Adolescents Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lourdes EZPELETA, Auteur ; Roser GRANERO, Auteur ; Nuria DE LA OSA CHAPARRO, Auteur ; Noemí GUILLAMON, Auteur Année de publication : 2000 Article en page(s) : p.793-801 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Functional impairment  predictors  child and adolescent psychopathology  CGAS Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The goal of this study was to investigate the variables that best predict functional impairment in children and adolescents. Two hundred and eight psychiatric and 129 pediatric children aged 7 to 17 years were assessed with measures of psychopathology, functional impairment, temperament, marital discord, educational style, coping, developmental milestones, stressful life events, medical history, school information, and family history of psychopathology. Multiple regression models adjusted by psychopathology were estimated. The global model, which included all the signi?cant variables in partial models, revealed the following predictors of impairment: receiving review lessons, chronic disease or handicap, the presence of problems the child interpreted as stressful, late onset and long duration of psychopathological problems. These indicators could be useful for the proper identification of children with severe difficulties, in order to provide them with adequate psychological services. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=125 [article] Predictors of Functional Impairment in Children and Adolescents [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lourdes EZPELETA, Auteur ; Roser GRANERO, Auteur ; Nuria DE LA OSA CHAPARRO, Auteur ; Noemí GUILLAMON, Auteur . - 2000 . - p.793-801. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 41-6 (September 2000) . - p.793-801 Mots-clés : Functional impairment  predictors  child and adolescent psychopathology  CGAS Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The goal of this study was to investigate the variables that best predict functional impairment in children and adolescents. Two hundred and eight psychiatric and 129 pediatric children aged 7 to 17 years were assessed with measures of psychopathology, functional impairment, temperament, marital discord, educational style, coping, developmental milestones, stressful life events, medical history, school information, and family history of psychopathology. Multiple regression models adjusted by psychopathology were estimated. The global model, which included all the signi?cant variables in partial models, revealed the following predictors of impairment: receiving review lessons, chronic disease or handicap, the presence of problems the child interpreted as stressful, late onset and long duration of psychopathological problems. These indicators could be useful for the proper identification of children with severe difficulties, in order to provide them with adequate psychological services. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=125

Sleep and Alertness in Children with ADHD / Michel LECENDREUX in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41-6 (September 2000)

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 41-6 (September 2000) . - p.803-812 Titre : Sleep and Alertness in Children with ADHD Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Michel LECENDREUX, Auteur ; Eric KONOFAL, Auteur ; Manuel P. BOUVARD, Auteur ; Bruno FALISSARD, Auteur ; Marie-Christine MOUREN-SIMEONI, Auteur Année de publication : 2000 Article en page(s) : p.803-812 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Attention-deficit  hyperactivity disorder  child  sleep  polysomnography  alertness Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Objective: To evaluate sleep and alertness and to investigate the presence of possible underlying sleep/wake disorders in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Method: After 3 nights of adaptation in a room reserved for sleep studies in the department of child psychiatry, children underwent polysomnography (PSG) followed by the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) and reaction time tests (RT) during the daytime. Thirty boys diagnosed as having ADHD (DSM-IV), aged between 5 and 10 years, and 22 ageand sex-matched controls participated in the study. All children were medication-free and showed no clinical signs of sleep and alertness problems. Results: No significant differences in sleep variables were found between boys with ADHD and controls. The mean latency period was shorter in children with ADHD. Significant differences were found for MSLT 1, 2 and 3 (p < .05). Mean reaction time was longer in children with ADHD, with significant differences in all tests (p < .05). Number and duration of sleep onsets measured by the MSLT correlated significantly with the hyperactivity-impulsivity and inattentive-passivity ndices of the CTRS and CPRS. Conclusion: Children with ADHD were more sleepy during the day, as shown by the MSLT, and they had longer reaction times. These differences are not due to alteration in the quality of nocturnal sleep. The number of daytime sleep onsets and the rapidity of sleep-onsets measured as MSLT were found to be pertinent physiological indices to discriminate between ADHD subtypes. These results suggest that children with ADHD have a deficit in alertness. Whether this deficit is primary or not requires further studies. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=125 [article] Sleep and Alertness in Children with ADHD [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Michel LECENDREUX, Auteur ; Eric KONOFAL, Auteur ; Manuel P. BOUVARD, Auteur ; Bruno FALISSARD, Auteur ; Marie-Christine MOUREN-SIMEONI, Auteur . - 2000 . - p.803-812. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 41-6 (September 2000) . - p.803-812 Mots-clés : Attention-deficit  hyperactivity disorder  child  sleep  polysomnography  alertness Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Objective: To evaluate sleep and alertness and to investigate the presence of possible underlying sleep/wake disorders in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Method: After 3 nights of adaptation in a room reserved for sleep studies in the department of child psychiatry, children underwent polysomnography (PSG) followed by the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) and reaction time tests (RT) during the daytime. Thirty boys diagnosed as having ADHD (DSM-IV), aged between 5 and 10 years, and 22 ageand sex-matched controls participated in the study. All children were medication-free and showed no clinical signs of sleep and alertness problems. Results: No significant differences in sleep variables were found between boys with ADHD and controls. The mean latency period was shorter in children with ADHD. Significant differences were found for MSLT 1, 2 and 3 (p < .05). Mean reaction time was longer in children with ADHD, with significant differences in all tests (p < .05). Number and duration of sleep onsets measured by the MSLT correlated significantly with the hyperactivity-impulsivity and inattentive-passivity ndices of the CTRS and CPRS. Conclusion: Children with ADHD were more sleepy during the day, as shown by the MSLT, and they had longer reaction times. These differences are not due to alteration in the quality of nocturnal sleep. The number of daytime sleep onsets and the rapidity of sleep-onsets measured as MSLT were found to be pertinent physiological indices to discriminate between ADHD subtypes. These results suggest that children with ADHD have a deficit in alertness. Whether this deficit is primary or not requires further studies. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=125

Obituary: Colin Boothman Hindley, 7 July 1923-12 May 2000 / Rodney MALIPHANT in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41-6 (September 2000)

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 41-6 (September 2000) . - p.813-814 Titre : Obituary: Colin Boothman Hindley, 7 July 1923-12 May 2000 Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Rodney MALIPHANT, Auteur Année de publication : 2000 Article en page(s) : p.813-814 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=125 [article] Obituary: Colin Boothman Hindley, 7 July 1923-12 May 2000 [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Rodney MALIPHANT, Auteur . - 2000 . - p.813-814. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 41-6 (September 2000) . - p.813-814 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=125