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Salivary testosterone in male and female youth with and without autism spectrum disorder: considerations of development, sex, and diagnosis / Rachael A. MUSCATELLO in Molecular Autism, 13 (2022)
[article]
Titre : Salivary testosterone in male and female youth with and without autism spectrum disorder: considerations of development, sex, and diagnosis Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Rachael A. MUSCATELLO, Auteur ; Emma RAFATJOO, Auteur ; Karan K. MIRPURI, Auteur ; Ahra KIM, Auteur ; Simon VANDEKAR, Auteur ; Blythe A. CORBETT, Auteur Article en page(s) : 37 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis Autistic Disorder Female Humans Longitudinal Studies Male Sexual Development Testosterone Adolescence Androgen Autism Pubertal development Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Puberty is characterized by significant physical, hormonal, and psychological changes, which may be especially challenging for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Although the etiology of ASD remains uncertain, studies suggest imbalances in hormones, such as testosterone, may modulate the autism phenotype. While differences in fetal and postnatal testosterone have been reported, there is limited literature regarding testosterone variations during adolescence in ASD. We investigated morning salivary testosterone levels in youth with ASD and typical development (TD) to explore hypothesized differences, expecting elevated hormonal levels in ASD compared to TD. METHODS: Youth with ASD (n=140) and TD (n=104), ages 10 to 13Â years, were enrolled as part of a longitudinal study on pubertal development. Pubertal stage was determined by gold standard physical examination, and salivary testosterone was collected in the morning immediately upon waking and 30 min after waking and averaged across 3 days. Diagnostic (ASD/TD) and sex (male/female) differences, as well as interactions with age and puberty, were examined using robust linear mixed effect models. RESULTS: Youth with ASD showed significantly elevated testosterone concentrations compared to same-age TD peers. After the inclusion of natural cubic splines to account for nonlinearity in age, a significant age-by-sex interaction emerged with distinct developmental slopes for males and females. At younger ages, females had higher testosterone, until about 11.5Â years of age, when levels began to plateau, while male testosterone concentrations continued to rapidly increase and surpass females. As expected, more advanced pubertal development was associated with elevated testosterone. In contrast, no significant effect of parent-reported social communication symptoms was observed. LIMITATIONS: Limitations include an unequal sex distribution, non-representative sample (e.g., cognition and race/ethnicity), and inability to examine afternoon/evening testosterone due to detection limits. CONCLUSIONS: Testosterone may play a unique role in the presentation of ASD, especially during periods of dynamic hormonal changes including puberty. Inherent developmental (age, puberty) and sex-based (male, female) factors play a more prominent role in changes in testosterone levels during adolescence. Even so, future research is warranted to determine the differential expression and impact of exposure to excess testosterone during the pubertal transition for youth with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-022-00515-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=491
in Molecular Autism > 13 (2022) . - 37 p.[article] Salivary testosterone in male and female youth with and without autism spectrum disorder: considerations of development, sex, and diagnosis [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Rachael A. MUSCATELLO, Auteur ; Emma RAFATJOO, Auteur ; Karan K. MIRPURI, Auteur ; Ahra KIM, Auteur ; Simon VANDEKAR, Auteur ; Blythe A. CORBETT, Auteur . - 37 p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Molecular Autism > 13 (2022) . - 37 p.
Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis Autistic Disorder Female Humans Longitudinal Studies Male Sexual Development Testosterone Adolescence Androgen Autism Pubertal development Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Puberty is characterized by significant physical, hormonal, and psychological changes, which may be especially challenging for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Although the etiology of ASD remains uncertain, studies suggest imbalances in hormones, such as testosterone, may modulate the autism phenotype. While differences in fetal and postnatal testosterone have been reported, there is limited literature regarding testosterone variations during adolescence in ASD. We investigated morning salivary testosterone levels in youth with ASD and typical development (TD) to explore hypothesized differences, expecting elevated hormonal levels in ASD compared to TD. METHODS: Youth with ASD (n=140) and TD (n=104), ages 10 to 13Â years, were enrolled as part of a longitudinal study on pubertal development. Pubertal stage was determined by gold standard physical examination, and salivary testosterone was collected in the morning immediately upon waking and 30 min after waking and averaged across 3 days. Diagnostic (ASD/TD) and sex (male/female) differences, as well as interactions with age and puberty, were examined using robust linear mixed effect models. RESULTS: Youth with ASD showed significantly elevated testosterone concentrations compared to same-age TD peers. After the inclusion of natural cubic splines to account for nonlinearity in age, a significant age-by-sex interaction emerged with distinct developmental slopes for males and females. At younger ages, females had higher testosterone, until about 11.5Â years of age, when levels began to plateau, while male testosterone concentrations continued to rapidly increase and surpass females. As expected, more advanced pubertal development was associated with elevated testosterone. In contrast, no significant effect of parent-reported social communication symptoms was observed. LIMITATIONS: Limitations include an unequal sex distribution, non-representative sample (e.g., cognition and race/ethnicity), and inability to examine afternoon/evening testosterone due to detection limits. CONCLUSIONS: Testosterone may play a unique role in the presentation of ASD, especially during periods of dynamic hormonal changes including puberty. Inherent developmental (age, puberty) and sex-based (male, female) factors play a more prominent role in changes in testosterone levels during adolescence. Even so, future research is warranted to determine the differential expression and impact of exposure to excess testosterone during the pubertal transition for youth with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-022-00515-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=491 Sexuality and Autistic-Like Symptoms in Juvenile Sex Offenders: A Follow-Up After 8 Years / M. Ewoud BAARSMA in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46-8 (August 2016)
[article]
Titre : Sexuality and Autistic-Like Symptoms in Juvenile Sex Offenders: A Follow-Up After 8 Years Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : M. Ewoud BAARSMA, Auteur ; Cyril BOONMANN, Auteur ; Lisette A. T HART-KERKHOFFS, Auteur ; Hanneke DE GRAAF, Auteur ; Theo A. H. DORELEIJERS, Auteur ; Robert R. J. M. VERMEIREN, Auteur ; Lucres M. C. JANSEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2679-2691 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Sexual offending juveniles Autism spectrum disorder Sexual development Longitudinal research Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Juveniles who have committed a sexual offense (JSOs) are thought to have abnormal sexual development, as well as increased ASD symptoms. In the current study, sexual development and behavior, as well as stability of ASD-like symptoms were assessed in a sample of 44 male JSOs (mean age 24.7 ± 1.5 years) 8 years after their sexual offence. JSOs exhibited less knowledge of sexuality, less positive attitudes towards pornography and more often reported having been a victim of verbal sexual intimidation than a matched normal population sample. ASD symptoms were relatively stable over the 8 years follow-up, indicating that social difficulties in JSOs may be part of life-long autistic-like traits. However, ASD symptoms were not related to alterations in sexual development or behavior. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-2805-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=290
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 46-8 (August 2016) . - p.2679-2691[article] Sexuality and Autistic-Like Symptoms in Juvenile Sex Offenders: A Follow-Up After 8 Years [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / M. Ewoud BAARSMA, Auteur ; Cyril BOONMANN, Auteur ; Lisette A. T HART-KERKHOFFS, Auteur ; Hanneke DE GRAAF, Auteur ; Theo A. H. DORELEIJERS, Auteur ; Robert R. J. M. VERMEIREN, Auteur ; Lucres M. C. JANSEN, Auteur . - p.2679-2691.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 46-8 (August 2016) . - p.2679-2691
Mots-clés : Sexual offending juveniles Autism spectrum disorder Sexual development Longitudinal research Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Juveniles who have committed a sexual offense (JSOs) are thought to have abnormal sexual development, as well as increased ASD symptoms. In the current study, sexual development and behavior, as well as stability of ASD-like symptoms were assessed in a sample of 44 male JSOs (mean age 24.7 ± 1.5 years) 8 years after their sexual offence. JSOs exhibited less knowledge of sexuality, less positive attitudes towards pornography and more often reported having been a victim of verbal sexual intimidation than a matched normal population sample. ASD symptoms were relatively stable over the 8 years follow-up, indicating that social difficulties in JSOs may be part of life-long autistic-like traits. However, ASD symptoms were not related to alterations in sexual development or behavior. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-2805-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=290 Parental romantic expectations and parent–child sexuality communication in autism spectrum disorders / Laura G HOLMES in Autism, 20-6 (August 2016)
[article]
Titre : Parental romantic expectations and parent–child sexuality communication in autism spectrum disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Laura G HOLMES, Auteur ; Michael B HIMLE, Auteur ; Donald S STRASSBERG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.687-699 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adolescence parent–child sexuality communication puberty quality of life relationships sexual development sexual health sexuality sexuality education Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study examined the relationship between core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder, parental romantic expectations, and parental provision of sexuality and relationship education in an online sample of 190 parents of youth 12–18?years of age with a parent-reported diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. Regression analyses were conducted separately for youth with autism spectrum disorder?+?parent-reported average or above IQ and youth with autism spectrum disorder?+?parent-reported below average IQ. For youth with autism spectrum disorder?+?parent-reported average or above IQ, autism spectrum disorder severity predicted parental romantic expectations, but not parental provision of sexuality and relationship education. For youth with autism spectrum disorder?+?parent-reported below average IQ, parental romantic expectations mediated the relationship between autism spectrum disorder severity and parent provision of sexuality and relationship education. This supports the importance of carefully considering intellectual functioning in autism spectrum disorder sexuality research and suggests that acknowledging and addressing parent expectations may be important for parent-focused sexuality and relationship education interventions. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361315602371 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=290
in Autism > 20-6 (August 2016) . - p.687-699[article] Parental romantic expectations and parent–child sexuality communication in autism spectrum disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Laura G HOLMES, Auteur ; Michael B HIMLE, Auteur ; Donald S STRASSBERG, Auteur . - p.687-699.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism > 20-6 (August 2016) . - p.687-699
Mots-clés : adolescence parent–child sexuality communication puberty quality of life relationships sexual development sexual health sexuality sexuality education Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study examined the relationship between core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder, parental romantic expectations, and parental provision of sexuality and relationship education in an online sample of 190 parents of youth 12–18?years of age with a parent-reported diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. Regression analyses were conducted separately for youth with autism spectrum disorder?+?parent-reported average or above IQ and youth with autism spectrum disorder?+?parent-reported below average IQ. For youth with autism spectrum disorder?+?parent-reported average or above IQ, autism spectrum disorder severity predicted parental romantic expectations, but not parental provision of sexuality and relationship education. For youth with autism spectrum disorder?+?parent-reported below average IQ, parental romantic expectations mediated the relationship between autism spectrum disorder severity and parent provision of sexuality and relationship education. This supports the importance of carefully considering intellectual functioning in autism spectrum disorder sexuality research and suggests that acknowledging and addressing parent expectations may be important for parent-focused sexuality and relationship education interventions. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361315602371 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=290 Self-reported sex differences in high-functioning adults with autism: a meta-analysis / R. L. MOSELEY in Molecular Autism, 9 (2018)
[article]
Titre : Self-reported sex differences in high-functioning adults with autism: a meta-analysis Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : R. L. MOSELEY, Auteur ; R. HITCHINER, Auteur ; J. A. KIRKBY, Auteur Article en page(s) : 33p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult Autistic Disorder/diagnosis/epidemiology Female Humans Language Development Male Self Report Sensorimotor Cortex/growth & development/physiopathology Sex Factors Sexual Development Gender raads-r Self-report Sex Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Sex differences in autistic symptomatology are believed to contribute to the mis- and missed diagnosis of many girls and women with an autism spectrum condition (ASC). Whilst recent years have seen the emergence of clinical and empirical reports delineating the profile of young autistic girls, recognition of sex differences in symptomatology in adulthood is far more limited. Methods: We chose here to focus on symptomatology as reported using a screening instrument, the Ritvo Autism Asperger Diagnostic Scale-Revised (RAADS-R). In a meta-analysis, we pooled and analysed RAADS-R data from a number of experimental groups. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) searched for the presence of main effects of Sex and Diagnosis and for interactions between these factors in our sample of autistic and non-autistic adults. Results: In social relatedness and circumscribed interests, main effects of Diagnosis revealed that as expected, autistic adults reported significantly greater lifetime prevalence of symptoms in these domains; an effect of Sex, in circumscribed interests, also suggested that males generally reported more prevalent symptoms than females. An interaction of Sex and Diagnosis in language symptomatology revealed that a normative sex difference in language difficulties was attenuated in autism. An interaction of Sex and Diagnosis in the sensorimotor domain revealed the opposite picture: a lack of sex differences between typically developing men and women and a greater prevalence of sensorimotor symptoms in autistic women than autistic men. Conclusions: We discuss the literature on childhood sex differences in relation to those which emerged in our adult sample. Where childhood sex differences fail to persist in adulthood, several interpretations exist, and we discuss, for example, an inherent sampling bias that may mean that only autistic women most similar to the male presentation are diagnosed. The finding that sensorimotor symptomatology is more highly reported by autistic women is a finding requiring objective confirmation, given its potential importance in diagnosis. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-018-0216-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=371
in Molecular Autism > 9 (2018) . - 33p.[article] Self-reported sex differences in high-functioning adults with autism: a meta-analysis [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / R. L. MOSELEY, Auteur ; R. HITCHINER, Auteur ; J. A. KIRKBY, Auteur . - 33p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Molecular Autism > 9 (2018) . - 33p.
Mots-clés : Adult Autistic Disorder/diagnosis/epidemiology Female Humans Language Development Male Self Report Sensorimotor Cortex/growth & development/physiopathology Sex Factors Sexual Development Gender raads-r Self-report Sex Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Sex differences in autistic symptomatology are believed to contribute to the mis- and missed diagnosis of many girls and women with an autism spectrum condition (ASC). Whilst recent years have seen the emergence of clinical and empirical reports delineating the profile of young autistic girls, recognition of sex differences in symptomatology in adulthood is far more limited. Methods: We chose here to focus on symptomatology as reported using a screening instrument, the Ritvo Autism Asperger Diagnostic Scale-Revised (RAADS-R). In a meta-analysis, we pooled and analysed RAADS-R data from a number of experimental groups. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) searched for the presence of main effects of Sex and Diagnosis and for interactions between these factors in our sample of autistic and non-autistic adults. Results: In social relatedness and circumscribed interests, main effects of Diagnosis revealed that as expected, autistic adults reported significantly greater lifetime prevalence of symptoms in these domains; an effect of Sex, in circumscribed interests, also suggested that males generally reported more prevalent symptoms than females. An interaction of Sex and Diagnosis in language symptomatology revealed that a normative sex difference in language difficulties was attenuated in autism. An interaction of Sex and Diagnosis in the sensorimotor domain revealed the opposite picture: a lack of sex differences between typically developing men and women and a greater prevalence of sensorimotor symptoms in autistic women than autistic men. Conclusions: We discuss the literature on childhood sex differences in relation to those which emerged in our adult sample. Where childhood sex differences fail to persist in adulthood, several interpretations exist, and we discuss, for example, an inherent sampling bias that may mean that only autistic women most similar to the male presentation are diagnosed. The finding that sensorimotor symptomatology is more highly reported by autistic women is a finding requiring objective confirmation, given its potential importance in diagnosis. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-018-0216-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=371