Dépouillements

Autism and social robotics: A systematic review / Paola PENNISI in Autism Research, 9-2 (February 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 9-2 (February 2016) . - p.165-183 Titre : Autism and social robotics: A systematic review Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Paola PENNISI, Auteur ; Alessandro TONACCI, Auteur ; Gennaro TARTARISCO, Auteur ; Lucia BILLECI, Auteur ; Liliana RUTA, Auteur ; Sebastiano GANGEMI, Auteur ; Giovanni PIOGGIA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.165-183 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  social robotics  autism therapy  humanoid robots  autism diagnosis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Social robotics could be a promising method for Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) treatment. The aim of this article is to carry out a systematic literature review of the studies on this topic that were published in the last 10 years. We tried to address the following questions: can social robots be a useful tool in autism therapy? We followed the PRISMA guidelines, and the protocol was registered within PROSPERO database (CRD42015016158). We found many positive implications in the use of social robots in therapy as for example: ASD subjects often performed better with a robot partner rather than a human partner; sometimes, ASD patients had, toward robots, behaviors that TD patients had toward human agents; ASDs had a lot of social behaviors toward robots; during robotic sessions, ASDs showed reduced repetitive and stereotyped behaviors and, social robots manage to improve spontaneous language during therapy sessions. Therefore, robots provide therapists and researchers a means to connect with autistic subjects in an easier way, but studies in this area are still insufficient. It is necessary to clarify whether sex, intelligence quotient, and age of participants affect the outcome of therapy and whether any beneficial effects only occur during the robotic session or if they are still observable outside the clinical/experimental context. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1527 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282 [article] Autism and social robotics: A systematic review [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Paola PENNISI, Auteur ; Alessandro TONACCI, Auteur ; Gennaro TARTARISCO, Auteur ; Lucia BILLECI, Auteur ; Liliana RUTA, Auteur ; Sebastiano GANGEMI, Auteur ; Giovanni PIOGGIA, Auteur . - p.165-183. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 9-2 (February 2016) . - p.165-183 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  social robotics  autism therapy  humanoid robots  autism diagnosis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Social robotics could be a promising method for Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) treatment. The aim of this article is to carry out a systematic literature review of the studies on this topic that were published in the last 10 years. We tried to address the following questions: can social robots be a useful tool in autism therapy? We followed the PRISMA guidelines, and the protocol was registered within PROSPERO database (CRD42015016158). We found many positive implications in the use of social robots in therapy as for example: ASD subjects often performed better with a robot partner rather than a human partner; sometimes, ASD patients had, toward robots, behaviors that TD patients had toward human agents; ASDs had a lot of social behaviors toward robots; during robotic sessions, ASDs showed reduced repetitive and stereotyped behaviors and, social robots manage to improve spontaneous language during therapy sessions. Therefore, robots provide therapists and researchers a means to connect with autistic subjects in an easier way, but studies in this area are still insufficient. It is necessary to clarify whether sex, intelligence quotient, and age of participants affect the outcome of therapy and whether any beneficial effects only occur during the robotic session or if they are still observable outside the clinical/experimental context. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1527 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282

Transcranial magnetic stimulation in autism spectrum disorder: Challenges, promise, and roadmap for future research / Lindsay M. OBERMAN in Autism Research, 9-2 (February 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 9-2 (February 2016) . - p.184-203 Titre : Transcranial magnetic stimulation in autism spectrum disorder: Challenges, promise, and roadmap for future research Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lindsay M. OBERMAN, Auteur ; Peter G. ENTICOTT, Auteur ; Manuel F. CASANOVA, Auteur ; Alexander ROTENBERG, Auteur ; Alvaro PASCUAL-LEONE, Auteur ; James T. MCCRACKEN, Auteur ; T. M. S. IN A. S. D. CONSENSUS GROUP, THE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.184-203 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  transcranial magnetic stimulation  consensus  review  treatment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a behaviorally defined complex neurodevelopmental syndrome characterized by impairments in social communication, by the presence of restricted and repetitive behaviors, interests and activities, and by abnormalities in sensory reactivity. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a promising, emerging tool for the study and potential treatment of ASD. Recent studies suggest that TMS measures provide rapid and noninvasive pathophysiological ASD biomarkers. Furthermore, repetitive TMS (rTMS) may represent a novel treatment strategy for reducing some of the core and associated ASD symptoms. However, the available literature on the TMS use in ASD is preliminary, composed of studies with methodological limitations. Thus, off-label clinical rTMS use for therapeutic interventions in ASD without an investigational device exemption and outside of an IRB approved research trial is premature pending further, adequately powered and controlled trials. Leaders in this field have gathered annually for a two-day conference (prior to the 2014 and 2015 International Meeting for Autism Research, IMFAR) to share recent progress, promote collaboration across laboratories, and establish consensus on protocols. Here we review the literature in the use of TMS in ASD in the context of the unique challenges required for the study and exploration of treatment strategies in this population. We also suggest future directions for this field of investigations. While its true potential in ASD has yet to be delineated, TMS represents an innovative research tool and a novel, possibly transformative approach to the treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1567 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282 [article] Transcranial magnetic stimulation in autism spectrum disorder: Challenges, promise, and roadmap for future research [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lindsay M. OBERMAN, Auteur ; Peter G. ENTICOTT, Auteur ; Manuel F. CASANOVA, Auteur ; Alexander ROTENBERG, Auteur ; Alvaro PASCUAL-LEONE, Auteur ; James T. MCCRACKEN, Auteur ; T. M. S. IN A. S. D. CONSENSUS GROUP, THE, Auteur . - p.184-203. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 9-2 (February 2016) . - p.184-203 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  transcranial magnetic stimulation  consensus  review  treatment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a behaviorally defined complex neurodevelopmental syndrome characterized by impairments in social communication, by the presence of restricted and repetitive behaviors, interests and activities, and by abnormalities in sensory reactivity. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a promising, emerging tool for the study and potential treatment of ASD. Recent studies suggest that TMS measures provide rapid and noninvasive pathophysiological ASD biomarkers. Furthermore, repetitive TMS (rTMS) may represent a novel treatment strategy for reducing some of the core and associated ASD symptoms. However, the available literature on the TMS use in ASD is preliminary, composed of studies with methodological limitations. Thus, off-label clinical rTMS use for therapeutic interventions in ASD without an investigational device exemption and outside of an IRB approved research trial is premature pending further, adequately powered and controlled trials. Leaders in this field have gathered annually for a two-day conference (prior to the 2014 and 2015 International Meeting for Autism Research, IMFAR) to share recent progress, promote collaboration across laboratories, and establish consensus on protocols. Here we review the literature in the use of TMS in ASD in the context of the unique challenges required for the study and exploration of treatment strategies in this population. We also suggest future directions for this field of investigations. While its true potential in ASD has yet to be delineated, TMS represents an innovative research tool and a novel, possibly transformative approach to the treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1567 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282

DNA Methylation Analysis of HTR2A Regulatory Region in Leukocytes of Autistic Subjects / Dubravka HRANILOVIC in Autism Research, 9-2 (February 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 9-2 (February 2016) . - p.204-209 Titre : DNA Methylation Analysis of HTR2A Regulatory Region in Leukocytes of Autistic Subjects Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Dubravka HRANILOVIC, Auteur ; Sofia BLAZEVIC, Auteur ; Jasminka STEFULJ, Auteur ; Peter ZILL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.204-209 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  serotonin  HTR2A  DNA methylation  epigenetics Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Disturbed brain and peripheral serotonin homeostasis is often found in subjects with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The role of the serotonin receptor 2A (HTR2A) in the regulation of central and peripheral serotonin homeostasis, as well as its altered expression in autistic subjects, have implicated the HTR2A gene as a major candidate for the serotonin disturbance seen in autism. Several studies, yielding so far inconclusive results, have attempted to associate autism with a functional SNP ?1438 G/A (rs6311) in the HTR2A promoter region, while possible contribution of epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, to HTR2A dysregulation in autism has not yet been investigated. In this study, we compared the mean DNA methylation within the regulatory region of the HTR2A gene between autistic and control subjects. DNA methylation was analysed in peripheral blood leukocytes using bisulfite conversion and sequencing of the HTR2A region containing rs6311 polymorphism. Autistic subjects of rs6311 AG genotype displayed higher mean methylation levels within the analysed region than the corresponding controls (P? En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1519 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282 [article] DNA Methylation Analysis of HTR2A Regulatory Region in Leukocytes of Autistic Subjects [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Dubravka HRANILOVIC, Auteur ; Sofia BLAZEVIC, Auteur ; Jasminka STEFULJ, Auteur ; Peter ZILL, Auteur . - p.204-209. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 9-2 (February 2016) . - p.204-209 Mots-clés : autism  serotonin  HTR2A  DNA methylation  epigenetics Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Disturbed brain and peripheral serotonin homeostasis is often found in subjects with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The role of the serotonin receptor 2A (HTR2A) in the regulation of central and peripheral serotonin homeostasis, as well as its altered expression in autistic subjects, have implicated the HTR2A gene as a major candidate for the serotonin disturbance seen in autism. Several studies, yielding so far inconclusive results, have attempted to associate autism with a functional SNP ?1438 G/A (rs6311) in the HTR2A promoter region, while possible contribution of epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, to HTR2A dysregulation in autism has not yet been investigated. In this study, we compared the mean DNA methylation within the regulatory region of the HTR2A gene between autistic and control subjects. DNA methylation was analysed in peripheral blood leukocytes using bisulfite conversion and sequencing of the HTR2A region containing rs6311 polymorphism. Autistic subjects of rs6311 AG genotype displayed higher mean methylation levels within the analysed region than the corresponding controls (P? En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1519 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282

A Prospective Ultrasound Study of Prenatal Growth in Infant Siblings of Children With Autism / Lisa M. UNWIN in Autism Research, 9-2 (February 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 9-2 (February 2016) . - p.210-216 Titre : A Prospective Ultrasound Study of Prenatal Growth in Infant Siblings of Children With Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lisa M. UNWIN, Auteur ; Murray T. MAYBERY, Auteur ; Anthony MURPHY, Auteur ; Wendy LILJE, Auteur ; Michelle BELLESINI, Auteur ; Anna M. HUNT, Auteur ; Joanna GRANICH, Auteur ; Peter JACOBY, Auteur ; Cheryl DISSANAYAKE, Auteur ; Craig E. PENNELL, Auteur ; Martha HICKEY, Auteur ; Andrew J. O. WHITEHOUSE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.210-216 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : infants  pediatrics  developmental psychology  prenatal  ultrasound Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Numerous studies have observed that a proportion of infants later diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience accelerated head growth during the first years of life. An emerging methodology for examining the developmental trajectory prior to a diagnosis of ASD is to investigate siblings of affected individuals. The current study is the first prospective investigation of fetal growth in siblings of children with ASD. Two groups of pregnant women were recruited as part of the PRegnancy Investigation of Siblings and Mothers of children with autism cohort in Perth, Western Australia. The “high risk” group (n?=?23) comprised pregnant women who have an existing child with a diagnosis of ASD and the “low risk” group (n?=?36) comprised pregnant mothers who have an existing child who has developed typically. Prenatal ultrasounds were procured at multiple time-points throughout the second- and third-trimesters, enabling an examination of growth trajectories. Growth measurements were then compared for the high- and low-risk fetuses. Mixed linear regression models identified no significant differences between the high- and low-risk fetuses in the rate of prenatal head and body growth throughout the second- and third-trimester (all P-values >0.05). Similarly, there were no significant differences observed when comparing high and low risk groups on a ratio of head circumference relative to body size (??=??0.019, P = 0.75). Future studies may consider looking beyond the macro architecture of the prenatal brain and examine the growth of brain subregions that have been implicated in the presentation of ASD symptoms. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1518 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282 [article] A Prospective Ultrasound Study of Prenatal Growth in Infant Siblings of Children With Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lisa M. UNWIN, Auteur ; Murray T. MAYBERY, Auteur ; Anthony MURPHY, Auteur ; Wendy LILJE, Auteur ; Michelle BELLESINI, Auteur ; Anna M. HUNT, Auteur ; Joanna GRANICH, Auteur ; Peter JACOBY, Auteur ; Cheryl DISSANAYAKE, Auteur ; Craig E. PENNELL, Auteur ; Martha HICKEY, Auteur ; Andrew J. O. WHITEHOUSE, Auteur . - p.210-216. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 9-2 (February 2016) . - p.210-216 Mots-clés : infants  pediatrics  developmental psychology  prenatal  ultrasound Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Numerous studies have observed that a proportion of infants later diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience accelerated head growth during the first years of life. An emerging methodology for examining the developmental trajectory prior to a diagnosis of ASD is to investigate siblings of affected individuals. The current study is the first prospective investigation of fetal growth in siblings of children with ASD. Two groups of pregnant women were recruited as part of the PRegnancy Investigation of Siblings and Mothers of children with autism cohort in Perth, Western Australia. The “high risk” group (n?=?23) comprised pregnant women who have an existing child with a diagnosis of ASD and the “low risk” group (n?=?36) comprised pregnant mothers who have an existing child who has developed typically. Prenatal ultrasounds were procured at multiple time-points throughout the second- and third-trimesters, enabling an examination of growth trajectories. Growth measurements were then compared for the high- and low-risk fetuses. Mixed linear regression models identified no significant differences between the high- and low-risk fetuses in the rate of prenatal head and body growth throughout the second- and third-trimester (all P-values >0.05). Similarly, there were no significant differences observed when comparing high and low risk groups on a ratio of head circumference relative to body size (??=??0.019, P = 0.75). Future studies may consider looking beyond the macro architecture of the prenatal brain and examine the growth of brain subregions that have been implicated in the presentation of ASD symptoms. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1518 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282

Inherited metabolic disorders in Turkish patients with autism spectrum disorders / Ertugrul KIYKIM in Autism Research, 9-2 (February 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 9-2 (February 2016) . - p.217-223 Titre : Inherited metabolic disorders in Turkish patients with autism spectrum disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ertugrul KIYKIM, Auteur ; Cigdem Aktuglu ZEYBEK, Auteur ; Tanyel ZUBARIOGLU, Auteur ; Serif CANSEVER, Auteur ; Cengiz YALCINKAYA, Auteur ; Erdogan SOYUCEN, Auteur ; Ahmet AYDIN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.217-223 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : inherited metabolic disorders  autism spectrum disorders  metabolic screening  incidence Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a major health problem because of their high prevalence in the general population. The pathophysiology of ASD remains unclear, although genetic defects may be detected in 10–20% of affected patients. Among these cases, the prevalence of inherited metabolic disorders (IMD) has not been extensively evaluated. IMDs responsible for ASDs are usually identified via clinical manifestations such as microcephaly, dysmorphic features, convulsions, and hepatosplenomegaly. Infrequently, patients with no additional clinical symptoms suggestive of an IMD may be diagnosed as having an idiopathic ASD. High consanguinity rates have resulted in an increased prevalence of IMDs in the Turkish population. The aim of this study was to explore the benefits of systematic screening for IMD among Turkish patients with ASDs. In our study, data were retrospectively collected for 778 children with ASDs. In all cases, the metabolic investigations included an arterial blood gas analysis, serum ammonia and lactate levels, a quantitative plasma amino acid analysis, a whole blood acylcarnitine profile via tandem mass spectrometry and a urine organic acid profile. Urinary glycosaminoglycan levels and homocysteine levels were screened in selected cases; 300 of the 778 patients with ASDs whose physical and metabolic investigations were complete and met this study's criteria were enrolled. Among the 300 children with autism, IMD were diagnosed in nine patients as follows: two patients were diagnosed with phenylketonuria, and one patient was diagnosed with partial biotinidase deficiency; one patient was diagnosed with mucopolysaccharidosis type III, and one patient was diagnosed with classical homocystinuria; one patient was diagnosed with glutaric acidemia type 1, and one patient was diagnosed with short chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency; one patient was diagnosed with argininemia, and one patient was diagnosed with L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1507 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282 [article] Inherited metabolic disorders in Turkish patients with autism spectrum disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ertugrul KIYKIM, Auteur ; Cigdem Aktuglu ZEYBEK, Auteur ; Tanyel ZUBARIOGLU, Auteur ; Serif CANSEVER, Auteur ; Cengiz YALCINKAYA, Auteur ; Erdogan SOYUCEN, Auteur ; Ahmet AYDIN, Auteur . - p.217-223. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 9-2 (February 2016) . - p.217-223 Mots-clés : inherited metabolic disorders  autism spectrum disorders  metabolic screening  incidence Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a major health problem because of their high prevalence in the general population. The pathophysiology of ASD remains unclear, although genetic defects may be detected in 10–20% of affected patients. Among these cases, the prevalence of inherited metabolic disorders (IMD) has not been extensively evaluated. IMDs responsible for ASDs are usually identified via clinical manifestations such as microcephaly, dysmorphic features, convulsions, and hepatosplenomegaly. Infrequently, patients with no additional clinical symptoms suggestive of an IMD may be diagnosed as having an idiopathic ASD. High consanguinity rates have resulted in an increased prevalence of IMDs in the Turkish population. The aim of this study was to explore the benefits of systematic screening for IMD among Turkish patients with ASDs. In our study, data were retrospectively collected for 778 children with ASDs. In all cases, the metabolic investigations included an arterial blood gas analysis, serum ammonia and lactate levels, a quantitative plasma amino acid analysis, a whole blood acylcarnitine profile via tandem mass spectrometry and a urine organic acid profile. Urinary glycosaminoglycan levels and homocysteine levels were screened in selected cases; 300 of the 778 patients with ASDs whose physical and metabolic investigations were complete and met this study's criteria were enrolled. Among the 300 children with autism, IMD were diagnosed in nine patients as follows: two patients were diagnosed with phenylketonuria, and one patient was diagnosed with partial biotinidase deficiency; one patient was diagnosed with mucopolysaccharidosis type III, and one patient was diagnosed with classical homocystinuria; one patient was diagnosed with glutaric acidemia type 1, and one patient was diagnosed with short chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency; one patient was diagnosed with argininemia, and one patient was diagnosed with L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1507 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282

Gestational Age and Autism Spectrum Disorder: Trends in Risk Over Time / Hjördis Osk ATLADOTTIR in Autism Research, 9-2 (February 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 9-2 (February 2016) . - p.224-231 Titre : Gestational Age and Autism Spectrum Disorder: Trends in Risk Over Time Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Hjördis Osk ATLADOTTIR, Auteur ; Diana SCHENDEL, Auteur ; T. B. HENRIKSEN, Auteur ; L. HJORT, Auteur ; Erik T. PARNER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.224-231 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  autism  gestational age  preterm birth  time trend Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a serious neurodevelopmental disorder. Several previous studies have identified preterm birth as a risk factor for ASD but none has studied whether the association between gestational age and ASD has changed over time. This is a Danish population-based follow-up study including live-born singletons born in Denmark between 1980 and 2009, identified in the Danish Medical Birth Registry, a study population of 1,775,397 children. We used a Cox regression model combined with spline to study the risk for ASD by gestational age across three decades of birth cohorts. We included 19,020 children diagnosed with ASD. Across all birth year cohorts, we found that the risk of being diagnosed with ASD increased with lower gestational age (P-value: <0.01). Across all gestational weeks, we found a statistically significant higher risk estimates in birth cohort 1980 to 1989, compared to birth cohorts 1990 to 1999 and 2000 to 2009, respectively. No statistically significant difference in risk estimates was observed between birth cohort 1990 to 1999 and 2000 to 2009. The observed time trend in risk of ASD after preterm birth may reflect: (1) a change in the risk profile of persons with ASD due to the broadening of ASD diagnostic criteria over time; or (2) improved neonatal care for low GA infants, which has reduced risk of adverse outcomes like ASD in preterm children. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1525 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282 [article] Gestational Age and Autism Spectrum Disorder: Trends in Risk Over Time [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Hjördis Osk ATLADOTTIR, Auteur ; Diana SCHENDEL, Auteur ; T. B. HENRIKSEN, Auteur ; L. HJORT, Auteur ; Erik T. PARNER, Auteur . - p.224-231. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 9-2 (February 2016) . - p.224-231 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  autism  gestational age  preterm birth  time trend Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a serious neurodevelopmental disorder. Several previous studies have identified preterm birth as a risk factor for ASD but none has studied whether the association between gestational age and ASD has changed over time. This is a Danish population-based follow-up study including live-born singletons born in Denmark between 1980 and 2009, identified in the Danish Medical Birth Registry, a study population of 1,775,397 children. We used a Cox regression model combined with spline to study the risk for ASD by gestational age across three decades of birth cohorts. We included 19,020 children diagnosed with ASD. Across all birth year cohorts, we found that the risk of being diagnosed with ASD increased with lower gestational age (P-value: <0.01). Across all gestational weeks, we found a statistically significant higher risk estimates in birth cohort 1980 to 1989, compared to birth cohorts 1990 to 1999 and 2000 to 2009, respectively. No statistically significant difference in risk estimates was observed between birth cohort 1990 to 1999 and 2000 to 2009. The observed time trend in risk of ASD after preterm birth may reflect: (1) a change in the risk profile of persons with ASD due to the broadening of ASD diagnostic criteria over time; or (2) improved neonatal care for low GA infants, which has reduced risk of adverse outcomes like ASD in preterm children. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1525 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282

Increased Surface Area, but not Cortical Thickness, in a Subset of Young Boys With Autism Spectrum Disorder / Haruhisa OHTA in Autism Research, 9-2 (February 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 9-2 (February 2016) . - p.232-248 Titre : Increased Surface Area, but not Cortical Thickness, in a Subset of Young Boys With Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Haruhisa OHTA, Auteur ; Christine W. NORDAHL, Auteur ; Ana-Maria IOSIF, Auteur ; Aaron LEE, Auteur ; Sally J ROGERS, Auteur ; David G. AMARAL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.232-248 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : cortical thickness  surface area  gray matter volume  megalencephaly  autism spectrum disorder  FreeSurfer Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The Autism Phenome Project is the largest, single site, longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study of young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Previous analyses from this cohort have shown that the children with autism have a total brain volume at time 1 (?3 years of age) that is 6% larger than typically developing (TD) children. This finding is driven primarily by 15% of the boys with ASD that have disproportionate megalencephaly (ASD-DM) or brain size that is 1.5 standard deviations above what would be expected for the child's height. In the current study, cerebral cortical grey matter volume, thickness, and surface area were assayed from MRI scans of 112, 3-year-old boys with ASD and 50 age-matched TD boys. The boys with ASD-DM (n?=?17) were analyzed separately from the boys with normal brain size (ASD-N, n?=?95). Previous studies of cortical thickness and surface area for ASD children in this age range have come to diametrically different conclusions concerning the significance of cortical thickness vs. surface area. Current analyses indicate that cortical thickness was comparable across the ASD and TD groups. However, surface area was significantly greater in the ASD group compared to the TD group. This result was driven largely by the children with ASD-DM. Even in the ASD-DM group, not all cortical regions demonstrated increased surface area. These results provide strong evidence that the early cortical overgrowth associated with ASD is due primarily to increased surface area and not to increased cortical thickness. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1520 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282 [article] Increased Surface Area, but not Cortical Thickness, in a Subset of Young Boys With Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Haruhisa OHTA, Auteur ; Christine W. NORDAHL, Auteur ; Ana-Maria IOSIF, Auteur ; Aaron LEE, Auteur ; Sally J ROGERS, Auteur ; David G. AMARAL, Auteur . - p.232-248. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 9-2 (February 2016) . - p.232-248 Mots-clés : cortical thickness  surface area  gray matter volume  megalencephaly  autism spectrum disorder  FreeSurfer Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The Autism Phenome Project is the largest, single site, longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study of young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Previous analyses from this cohort have shown that the children with autism have a total brain volume at time 1 (?3 years of age) that is 6% larger than typically developing (TD) children. This finding is driven primarily by 15% of the boys with ASD that have disproportionate megalencephaly (ASD-DM) or brain size that is 1.5 standard deviations above what would be expected for the child's height. In the current study, cerebral cortical grey matter volume, thickness, and surface area were assayed from MRI scans of 112, 3-year-old boys with ASD and 50 age-matched TD boys. The boys with ASD-DM (n?=?17) were analyzed separately from the boys with normal brain size (ASD-N, n?=?95). Previous studies of cortical thickness and surface area for ASD children in this age range have come to diametrically different conclusions concerning the significance of cortical thickness vs. surface area. Current analyses indicate that cortical thickness was comparable across the ASD and TD groups. However, surface area was significantly greater in the ASD group compared to the TD group. This result was driven largely by the children with ASD-DM. Even in the ASD-DM group, not all cortical regions demonstrated increased surface area. These results provide strong evidence that the early cortical overgrowth associated with ASD is due primarily to increased surface area and not to increased cortical thickness. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1520 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282

Abnormal Brain Dynamics Underlie Speech Production in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder / Elizabeth W. PANG in Autism Research, 9-2 (February 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 9-2 (February 2016) . - p.249-261 Titre : Abnormal Brain Dynamics Underlie Speech Production in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Elizabeth W. PANG, Auteur ; Tatiana VALICA, Auteur ; Matt J. MACDONALD, Auteur ; Margot J. TAYLOR, Auteur ; Jessica BRIAN, Auteur ; Jason P. LERCH, Auteur ; Evdokia ANAGNOSTOU, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.249-261 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : magnetoencephalography  oromotor control  phoneme production  phonemic sequencing  autism spectrum disorder Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A large proportion of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have speech and/or language difficulties. While a number of structural and functional neuroimaging methods have been used to explore the brain differences in ASD with regards to speech and language comprehension and production, the neurobiology of basic speech function in ASD has not been examined. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a neuroimaging modality with high spatial and temporal resolution that can be applied to the examination of brain dynamics underlying speech as it can capture the fast responses fundamental to this function. We acquired MEG from 21 children with high-functioning autism (mean age: 11.43 years) and 21 age- and sex-matched controls as they performed a simple oromotor task, a phoneme production task and a phonemic sequencing task. Results showed significant differences in activation magnitude and peak latencies in primary motor cortex (Brodmann Area 4), motor planning areas (BA 6), temporal sequencing and sensorimotor integration areas (BA 22/13) and executive control areas (BA 9). Our findings of significant functional brain differences between these two groups on these simple oromotor and phonemic tasks suggest that these deficits may be foundational and could underlie the language deficits seen in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1526 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282 [article] Abnormal Brain Dynamics Underlie Speech Production in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Elizabeth W. PANG, Auteur ; Tatiana VALICA, Auteur ; Matt J. MACDONALD, Auteur ; Margot J. TAYLOR, Auteur ; Jessica BRIAN, Auteur ; Jason P. LERCH, Auteur ; Evdokia ANAGNOSTOU, Auteur . - p.249-261. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 9-2 (February 2016) . - p.249-261 Mots-clés : magnetoencephalography  oromotor control  phoneme production  phonemic sequencing  autism spectrum disorder Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A large proportion of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have speech and/or language difficulties. While a number of structural and functional neuroimaging methods have been used to explore the brain differences in ASD with regards to speech and language comprehension and production, the neurobiology of basic speech function in ASD has not been examined. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a neuroimaging modality with high spatial and temporal resolution that can be applied to the examination of brain dynamics underlying speech as it can capture the fast responses fundamental to this function. We acquired MEG from 21 children with high-functioning autism (mean age: 11.43 years) and 21 age- and sex-matched controls as they performed a simple oromotor task, a phoneme production task and a phonemic sequencing task. Results showed significant differences in activation magnitude and peak latencies in primary motor cortex (Brodmann Area 4), motor planning areas (BA 6), temporal sequencing and sensorimotor integration areas (BA 22/13) and executive control areas (BA 9). Our findings of significant functional brain differences between these two groups on these simple oromotor and phonemic tasks suggest that these deficits may be foundational and could underlie the language deficits seen in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1526 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282

Can Neurotypical Individuals Read Autistic Facial Expressions? Atypical Production of Emotional Facial Expressions in Autism Spectrum Disorders / Rebecca BREWER in Autism Research, 9-2 (February 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 9-2 (February 2016) . - p.262-271 Titre : Can Neurotypical Individuals Read Autistic Facial Expressions? Atypical Production of Emotional Facial Expressions in Autism Spectrum Disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Rebecca BREWER, Auteur ; Federica BIOTTI, Auteur ; Caroline CATMUR, Auteur ; Clare PRESS, Auteur ; Francesca HAPPE, Auteur ; Richard COOK, Auteur ; Geoffrey BIRD, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.262-271 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : social cognition  face perception  cognitive neuroscience  expression production Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The difficulties encountered by individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) when interacting with neurotypical (NT, i.e. nonautistic) individuals are usually attributed to failure to recognize the emotions and mental states of their NT interaction partner. It is also possible, however, that at least some of the difficulty is due to a failure of NT individuals to read the mental and emotional states of ASD interaction partners. Previous research has frequently observed deficits of typical facial emotion recognition in individuals with ASD, suggesting atypical representations of emotional expressions. Relatively little research, however, has investigated the ability of individuals with ASD to produce recognizable emotional expressions, and thus, whether NT individuals can recognize autistic emotional expressions. The few studies which have investigated this have used only NT observers, making it impossible to determine whether atypical representations are shared among individuals with ASD, or idiosyncratic. This study investigated NT and ASD participants’ ability to recognize emotional expressions produced by NT and ASD posers. Three posing conditions were included, to determine whether potential group differences are due to atypical cognitive representations of emotion, impaired understanding of the communicative value of expressions, or poor proprioceptive feedback. Results indicated that ASD expressions were recognized less well than NT expressions, and that this is likely due to a genuine deficit in the representation of typical emotional expressions in this population. Further, ASD expressions were equally poorly recognized by NT individuals and those with ASD, implicating idiosyncratic, rather than common, atypical representations of emotional expressions in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1508 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282 [article] Can Neurotypical Individuals Read Autistic Facial Expressions? Atypical Production of Emotional Facial Expressions in Autism Spectrum Disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Rebecca BREWER, Auteur ; Federica BIOTTI, Auteur ; Caroline CATMUR, Auteur ; Clare PRESS, Auteur ; Francesca HAPPE, Auteur ; Richard COOK, Auteur ; Geoffrey BIRD, Auteur . - p.262-271. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 9-2 (February 2016) . - p.262-271 Mots-clés : social cognition  face perception  cognitive neuroscience  expression production Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The difficulties encountered by individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) when interacting with neurotypical (NT, i.e. nonautistic) individuals are usually attributed to failure to recognize the emotions and mental states of their NT interaction partner. It is also possible, however, that at least some of the difficulty is due to a failure of NT individuals to read the mental and emotional states of ASD interaction partners. Previous research has frequently observed deficits of typical facial emotion recognition in individuals with ASD, suggesting atypical representations of emotional expressions. Relatively little research, however, has investigated the ability of individuals with ASD to produce recognizable emotional expressions, and thus, whether NT individuals can recognize autistic emotional expressions. The few studies which have investigated this have used only NT observers, making it impossible to determine whether atypical representations are shared among individuals with ASD, or idiosyncratic. This study investigated NT and ASD participants’ ability to recognize emotional expressions produced by NT and ASD posers. Three posing conditions were included, to determine whether potential group differences are due to atypical cognitive representations of emotion, impaired understanding of the communicative value of expressions, or poor proprioceptive feedback. Results indicated that ASD expressions were recognized less well than NT expressions, and that this is likely due to a genuine deficit in the representation of typical emotional expressions in this population. Further, ASD expressions were equally poorly recognized by NT individuals and those with ASD, implicating idiosyncratic, rather than common, atypical representations of emotional expressions in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1508 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282

Flexible integration of visual cues in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder / Rachael BEDFORD in Autism Research, 9-2 (February 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 9-2 (February 2016) . - p.272-281 Titre : Flexible integration of visual cues in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Rachael BEDFORD, Auteur ; Elizabeth PELLICANO, Auteur ; Denis MARESCHAL, Auteur ; Marko NARDINI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.272-281 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  adolescent  vision  depth perception  cue integration  fusion Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Although children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show atypical sensory processing, evidence for impaired integration of multisensory information has been mixed. In this study, we took a Bayesian model-based approach to assess within-modality integration of congruent and incongruent texture and disparity cues to judge slant in typical and autistic adolescents. Human adults optimally combine multiple sources of sensory information to reduce perceptual variance but in typical development this ability to integrate cues does not develop until late childhood. While adults cannot help but integrate cues, even when they are incongruent, young children's ability to keep cues separate gives them an advantage in discriminating incongruent stimuli. Given that mature cue integration emerges in later childhood, we hypothesized that typical adolescents would show adult-like integration, combining both congruent and incongruent cues. For the ASD group there were three possible predictions (1) “no fusion”: no integration of congruent or incongruent cues, like 6-year-old typical children; (2) “mandatory fusion”: integration of congruent and incongruent cues, like typical adults; (3) “selective fusion”: cues are combined when congruent but not incongruent, consistent with predictions of Enhanced Perceptual Functioning (EPF) theory. As hypothesized, typical adolescents showed significant integration of both congruent and incongruent cues. The ASD group showed results consistent with “selective fusion,” integrating congruent but not incongruent cues. This allowed adolescents with ASD to make perceptual judgments which typical adolescents could not. In line with EPF, results suggest that perception in ASD may be more flexible and less governed by mandatory top-down feedback. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1509 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282 [article] Flexible integration of visual cues in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Rachael BEDFORD, Auteur ; Elizabeth PELLICANO, Auteur ; Denis MARESCHAL, Auteur ; Marko NARDINI, Auteur . - p.272-281. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 9-2 (February 2016) . - p.272-281 Mots-clés : autism  adolescent  vision  depth perception  cue integration  fusion Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Although children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show atypical sensory processing, evidence for impaired integration of multisensory information has been mixed. In this study, we took a Bayesian model-based approach to assess within-modality integration of congruent and incongruent texture and disparity cues to judge slant in typical and autistic adolescents. Human adults optimally combine multiple sources of sensory information to reduce perceptual variance but in typical development this ability to integrate cues does not develop until late childhood. While adults cannot help but integrate cues, even when they are incongruent, young children's ability to keep cues separate gives them an advantage in discriminating incongruent stimuli. Given that mature cue integration emerges in later childhood, we hypothesized that typical adolescents would show adult-like integration, combining both congruent and incongruent cues. For the ASD group there were three possible predictions (1) “no fusion”: no integration of congruent or incongruent cues, like 6-year-old typical children; (2) “mandatory fusion”: integration of congruent and incongruent cues, like typical adults; (3) “selective fusion”: cues are combined when congruent but not incongruent, consistent with predictions of Enhanced Perceptual Functioning (EPF) theory. As hypothesized, typical adolescents showed significant integration of both congruent and incongruent cues. The ASD group showed results consistent with “selective fusion,” integrating congruent but not incongruent cues. This allowed adolescents with ASD to make perceptual judgments which typical adolescents could not. In line with EPF, results suggest that perception in ASD may be more flexible and less governed by mandatory top-down feedback. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1509 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282

Superior Disembedding Performance in Childhood Predicts Adolescent Severity of Repetitive Behaviors: A Seven Years Follow-Up of Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder / Mart L. J. M. EUSSEN in Autism Research, 9-2 (February 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 9-2 (February 2016) . - p.282-291 Titre : Superior Disembedding Performance in Childhood Predicts Adolescent Severity of Repetitive Behaviors: A Seven Years Follow-Up of Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Mart L. J. M. EUSSEN, Auteur ; Arthur R. Van GOOL, Auteur ; Anneke LOUWERSE, Auteur ; Frank C. VERHULST, Auteur ; Kirstin GREAVES-LORD, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.282-291 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  repetitive and restrictive behaviors  central coherence  detail-focused cognitive style  follow-up Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous research suggests that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show a detail-focused cognitive style. The aim of the current longitudinal study was to investigate whether this detail-focused cognitive style in childhood predicted a higher symptom severity of repetitive and restrictive behaviors and interests (RRBI) in adolescence. The Childhood Embedded Figures Test (CEFT) and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) were administered in 87 children with ASD at the age of 6–12 years old (T1), and the ADOS was readministered 7 years later when the participants were 12–19 years old (T2). Linear regression analyses were performed to investigate whether accuracy and reaction time in the complex versus simple CEFT condition and performance in the complex condition predicted T2 ADOS RRBI calibrated severity scores (CSS), while taking into consideration relevant covariates and ADOS RRBI CSS at T1. The CEFT performance (accuracy in the complex condition divided by the time needed) significantly predicted higher ADOS RRBI CSS at T2 (?R2?=?15%). This finding further supports the detail-focused cognitive style in individuals with ASD, and shows that it is also predictive of future RRBI symptoms over time. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1510 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282 [article] Superior Disembedding Performance in Childhood Predicts Adolescent Severity of Repetitive Behaviors: A Seven Years Follow-Up of Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Mart L. J. M. EUSSEN, Auteur ; Arthur R. Van GOOL, Auteur ; Anneke LOUWERSE, Auteur ; Frank C. VERHULST, Auteur ; Kirstin GREAVES-LORD, Auteur . - p.282-291. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 9-2 (February 2016) . - p.282-291 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  repetitive and restrictive behaviors  central coherence  detail-focused cognitive style  follow-up Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous research suggests that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show a detail-focused cognitive style. The aim of the current longitudinal study was to investigate whether this detail-focused cognitive style in childhood predicted a higher symptom severity of repetitive and restrictive behaviors and interests (RRBI) in adolescence. The Childhood Embedded Figures Test (CEFT) and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) were administered in 87 children with ASD at the age of 6–12 years old (T1), and the ADOS was readministered 7 years later when the participants were 12–19 years old (T2). Linear regression analyses were performed to investigate whether accuracy and reaction time in the complex versus simple CEFT condition and performance in the complex condition predicted T2 ADOS RRBI calibrated severity scores (CSS), while taking into consideration relevant covariates and ADOS RRBI CSS at T1. The CEFT performance (accuracy in the complex condition divided by the time needed) significantly predicted higher ADOS RRBI CSS at T2 (?R2?=?15%). This finding further supports the detail-focused cognitive style in individuals with ASD, and shows that it is also predictive of future RRBI symptoms over time. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1510 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282

Intact Automatic Imitation and Typical Spatial Compatibility in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Challenging the Broken Mirror Theory / Sophie SOWDEN in Autism Research, 9-2 (February 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 9-2 (February 2016) . - p.292-300 Titre : Intact Automatic Imitation and Typical Spatial Compatibility in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Challenging the Broken Mirror Theory Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sophie SOWDEN, Auteur ; Svenja KOEHNE, Auteur ; Caroline CATMUR, Auteur ; Isabel DZIOBEK, Auteur ; Geoffrey BIRD, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.292-300 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  imitation  mirror neurons  broken mirror theory  individual differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A lack of imitative behavior is frequently described as a core feature of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), and is consistent with claims of mirror neuron system dysfunction in these individuals. Previous research has questioned this characterization of ASD however, arguing that when tests of automatic imitation are used—which do not require higher-level cognitive processing—imitative behavior is intact or even enhanced in individuals with ASD. In Experiment 1, 60 adult individuals with ASD and a matched Control group completed an automatic imitation task in which they were required to perform an index or a middle finger lift while observing a hand making either the same, or the alternate, finger movement. Both groups demonstrated a significant imitation effect whereby actions were executed faster when preceded by observation of the same action, than when preceded by the alternate action. The magnitude of this “imitation effect” was statistically indistinguishable in the ASD and Control groups. Experiment 2 utilized an improved automatic imitation paradigm to demonstrate that, when automatic imitation effects are isolated from those due to spatial compatibility, increasing autism symptom severity is associated with an increased tendency to imitate. Notably, there was no association between autism symptom severity and spatial compatibility, demonstrating the specificity of the link between ASD symptoms and increased imitation. These results provide evidence against claims of a lack of imitative behavior in ASD, and challenge the “Broken Mirror Theory of Autism.” En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1511 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282 [article] Intact Automatic Imitation and Typical Spatial Compatibility in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Challenging the Broken Mirror Theory [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sophie SOWDEN, Auteur ; Svenja KOEHNE, Auteur ; Caroline CATMUR, Auteur ; Isabel DZIOBEK, Auteur ; Geoffrey BIRD, Auteur . - p.292-300. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 9-2 (February 2016) . - p.292-300 Mots-clés : autism  imitation  mirror neurons  broken mirror theory  individual differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A lack of imitative behavior is frequently described as a core feature of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), and is consistent with claims of mirror neuron system dysfunction in these individuals. Previous research has questioned this characterization of ASD however, arguing that when tests of automatic imitation are used—which do not require higher-level cognitive processing—imitative behavior is intact or even enhanced in individuals with ASD. In Experiment 1, 60 adult individuals with ASD and a matched Control group completed an automatic imitation task in which they were required to perform an index or a middle finger lift while observing a hand making either the same, or the alternate, finger movement. Both groups demonstrated a significant imitation effect whereby actions were executed faster when preceded by observation of the same action, than when preceded by the alternate action. The magnitude of this “imitation effect” was statistically indistinguishable in the ASD and Control groups. Experiment 2 utilized an improved automatic imitation paradigm to demonstrate that, when automatic imitation effects are isolated from those due to spatial compatibility, increasing autism symptom severity is associated with an increased tendency to imitate. Notably, there was no association between autism symptom severity and spatial compatibility, demonstrating the specificity of the link between ASD symptoms and increased imitation. These results provide evidence against claims of a lack of imitative behavior in ASD, and challenge the “Broken Mirror Theory of Autism.” En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1511 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282

Atypical Cross-Modal Profiles and Longitudinal Associations Between Vocabulary Scores in Initially Minimally Verbal Children With ASD / Tiffany G. WOYNAROSKI in Autism Research, 9-2 (February 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 9-2 (February 2016) . - p.301-310 Titre : Atypical Cross-Modal Profiles and Longitudinal Associations Between Vocabulary Scores in Initially Minimally Verbal Children With ASD Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Tiffany G. WOYNAROSKI, Auteur ; Paul J. YODER, Auteur ; Linda R. WATSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.301-310 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  spoken language  vocabulary  useful speech  minimally verbal  longitudinal Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We tested the relative levels (i.e., age equivalencies) of concurrent cross-modality (receptive and expressive) vocabulary and the relative strength of the longitudinal, cross-modality associations between early and later vocabulary sizes in minimally verbal preschoolers with ASD. Eighty-seven children participated. Parent-reported vocabulary was assessed at four periods separated by 4 months each. Expressive age equivalent scores were higher than receptive age equivalent scores at all four periods. Cross-lagged panel analysis was used to rule out common, but trivial, explanations for differences between the longitudinal associations of interest. Key associations were tested across intervals that varied from 8 to 12 months. In two of the three tested panels, the associations between early expressive vocabulary size and later receptive vocabulary size were stronger than the associations between early receptive vocabulary size and later expressive vocabulary size, providing evidence that is consistent with the hypothesis that expressive vocabulary size drives receptive vocabulary size in minimally verbal preschoolers with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1516 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282 [article] Atypical Cross-Modal Profiles and Longitudinal Associations Between Vocabulary Scores in Initially Minimally Verbal Children With ASD [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Tiffany G. WOYNAROSKI, Auteur ; Paul J. YODER, Auteur ; Linda R. WATSON, Auteur . - p.301-310. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 9-2 (February 2016) . - p.301-310 Mots-clés : autism  spoken language  vocabulary  useful speech  minimally verbal  longitudinal Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We tested the relative levels (i.e., age equivalencies) of concurrent cross-modality (receptive and expressive) vocabulary and the relative strength of the longitudinal, cross-modality associations between early and later vocabulary sizes in minimally verbal preschoolers with ASD. Eighty-seven children participated. Parent-reported vocabulary was assessed at four periods separated by 4 months each. Expressive age equivalent scores were higher than receptive age equivalent scores at all four periods. Cross-lagged panel analysis was used to rule out common, but trivial, explanations for differences between the longitudinal associations of interest. Key associations were tested across intervals that varied from 8 to 12 months. In two of the three tested panels, the associations between early expressive vocabulary size and later receptive vocabulary size were stronger than the associations between early receptive vocabulary size and later expressive vocabulary size, providing evidence that is consistent with the hypothesis that expressive vocabulary size drives receptive vocabulary size in minimally verbal preschoolers with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1516 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282

Treatment Resistant Epilepsy in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Increased Risk for Females / Karen BLACKMON in Autism Research, 9-2 (February 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 9-2 (February 2016) . - p.311-320 Titre : Treatment Resistant Epilepsy in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Increased Risk for Females Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Karen BLACKMON, Auteur ; Judith BLUVSTEIN, Auteur ; William S. MACALLISTER, Auteur ; Jennifer AVALLONE, Auteur ; Jade MISAJON, Auteur ; Julie HEDLUND, Auteur ; Rina GOLDBERG, Auteur ; Aviva BOJKO, Auteur ; Nirmala MITRA, Auteur ; Radha GIRIDHARAN, Auteur ; Richard SULTAN, Auteur ; Seth KELLER, Auteur ; Orrin DEVINSKY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.311-320 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  epilepsy  developmental disorders  sex differences  idiopathic autism  complex autism  copy-number variants  female protective model Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The male:female ratio in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) averages greater than 4:1 while the male:female ratio of ASD with epilepsy averages less than 3:1. This indicates an elevated risk of epilepsy in females with ASD; yet, it is unknown whether phenotypic features of epilepsy and ASD differ between males and females with this comorbidity. The goal of this study is to investigate sex differences in phenotypic features of epilepsy and ASD in a prospective sample of 130 children and young adults with an initial ASD diagnosis and subsequent epilepsy diagnosis. All participants were characterized by standardized diagnostic inventories, parent/caregiver completed questionnaires, and medical/academic record review. Diagnostic classifications of epilepsy, ASD, and intellectual disability were performed by board certified neurologists and a pediatric neuropsychologist. Results demonstrated a lower male:female ratio (1.8:1) in individuals with ASD and treatment-resistant epilepsy relative to those with ASD and treatment-responsive epilepsy (4.9:1), indicating a higher risk of treatment-resistant epilepsy in females. Mild neuroimaging abnormalities were more common in females than males and this was associated with increased risk of treatment-resistance. In contrast, ASD symptom severity was lower in females compared with males. Findings distinguish females with ASD and epilepsy as a distinct subgroup at higher risk for a more severe epilepsy phenotype in the context of a less severe ASD phenotype. Increased risk of anti-epileptic treatment resistance in females with ASD and epilepsy suggests that comprehensive genetic, imaging, and neurologic screening and enhanced treatment monitoring may be indicated for this subgroup. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1514 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282 [article] Treatment Resistant Epilepsy in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Increased Risk for Females [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Karen BLACKMON, Auteur ; Judith BLUVSTEIN, Auteur ; William S. MACALLISTER, Auteur ; Jennifer AVALLONE, Auteur ; Jade MISAJON, Auteur ; Julie HEDLUND, Auteur ; Rina GOLDBERG, Auteur ; Aviva BOJKO, Auteur ; Nirmala MITRA, Auteur ; Radha GIRIDHARAN, Auteur ; Richard SULTAN, Auteur ; Seth KELLER, Auteur ; Orrin DEVINSKY, Auteur . - p.311-320. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 9-2 (February 2016) . - p.311-320 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  epilepsy  developmental disorders  sex differences  idiopathic autism  complex autism  copy-number variants  female protective model Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The male:female ratio in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) averages greater than 4:1 while the male:female ratio of ASD with epilepsy averages less than 3:1. This indicates an elevated risk of epilepsy in females with ASD; yet, it is unknown whether phenotypic features of epilepsy and ASD differ between males and females with this comorbidity. The goal of this study is to investigate sex differences in phenotypic features of epilepsy and ASD in a prospective sample of 130 children and young adults with an initial ASD diagnosis and subsequent epilepsy diagnosis. All participants were characterized by standardized diagnostic inventories, parent/caregiver completed questionnaires, and medical/academic record review. Diagnostic classifications of epilepsy, ASD, and intellectual disability were performed by board certified neurologists and a pediatric neuropsychologist. Results demonstrated a lower male:female ratio (1.8:1) in individuals with ASD and treatment-resistant epilepsy relative to those with ASD and treatment-responsive epilepsy (4.9:1), indicating a higher risk of treatment-resistant epilepsy in females. Mild neuroimaging abnormalities were more common in females than males and this was associated with increased risk of treatment-resistance. In contrast, ASD symptom severity was lower in females compared with males. Findings distinguish females with ASD and epilepsy as a distinct subgroup at higher risk for a more severe epilepsy phenotype in the context of a less severe ASD phenotype. Increased risk of anti-epileptic treatment resistance in females with ASD and epilepsy suggests that comprehensive genetic, imaging, and neurologic screening and enhanced treatment monitoring may be indicated for this subgroup. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1514 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282

Scientific Summaries for Families with ASD in Autism Research, 9-2 (February 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 9-2 (February 2016) . - p.321-326 Titre : Scientific Summaries for Families with ASD Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Article en page(s) : p.321-326 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1618 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282 [article] Scientific Summaries for Families with ASD [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] . - p.321-326. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 9-2 (February 2016) . - p.321-326 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1618 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282

International Society For Autism Research News in Autism Research, 9-2 (February 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 9-2 (February 2016) . - p.327-327 Titre : International Society For Autism Research News Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Article en page(s) : p.327-327 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1619 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282 [article] International Society For Autism Research News [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] . - p.327-327. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 9-2 (February 2016) . - p.327-327 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1619 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282