Atypical lateralization of motor circuit functional connectivity in children with autism is associated with motor deficits / D. L. FLORIS in Molecular Autism, 7 (2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 7 (2016) . - 35p. Titre : Atypical lateralization of motor circuit functional connectivity in children with autism is associated with motor deficits Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : D. L. FLORIS, Auteur ; A. D. BARBER, Auteur ; M. B. NEBEL, Auteur ; M. MARTINELLI, Auteur ; Meng-Chuan LAI, Auteur ; D. CROCETTI, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; J. SUCKLING, Auteur ; J. J. PEKAR, Auteur ; S. H. MOSTOFSKY, Auteur Article en page(s) : 35p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/physiopathology  Brain/diagnostic imaging/physiopathology  Case-Control Studies  Child  Female  Functional Laterality/physiology  Humans  Image Processing, Computer-Assisted  Language  Magnetic Resonance Imaging  Male  Neuropsychological Tests  Autism  Hemispheric specialization  Intrinsic functional connectivity  Lateralization  Motor deficits Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Atypical lateralization of language-related functions has been repeatedly found in individuals with autism spectrum conditions (ASC). Few studies have, however, investigated deviations from typically occurring asymmetry of other lateralized cognitive and behavioural domains. Motor deficits are among the earliest and most prominent symptoms in individuals with ASC and precede core social and communicative symptoms. METHODS: Here, we investigate whether motor circuit connectivity is (1) atypically lateralized in children with ASC and (2) whether this relates to core autistic symptoms and motor performance. Participants comprised 44 right-handed high-functioning children with autism (36 males, 8 females) and 80 typically developing control children (58 males, 22 females) matched on age, sex and performance IQ. We examined lateralization of functional motor circuit connectivity based on homotopic seeds derived from peak activations during a finger tapping paradigm. Motor performance was assessed using the Physical and Neurological Examination for Subtle Signs (PANESS). RESULTS: Children with ASC showed rightward lateralization in mean motor circuit connectivity compared to typically developing children, and this was associated with poorer performance on all three PANESS measures. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings reveal that atypical lateralization in ASC is not restricted to language functions but is also present in circuits subserving motor functions and may underlie motor deficits in children with ASC. Future studies should investigate whether this is an age-invariant finding extending to adolescents and adults and whether these asymmetries relate to atypical lateralization in the language domain. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-016-0096-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=328 [article] Atypical lateralization of motor circuit functional connectivity in children with autism is associated with motor deficits [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / D. L. FLORIS, Auteur ; A. D. BARBER, Auteur ; M. B. NEBEL, Auteur ; M. MARTINELLI, Auteur ; Meng-Chuan LAI, Auteur ; D. CROCETTI, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; J. SUCKLING, Auteur ; J. J. PEKAR, Auteur ; S. H. MOSTOFSKY, Auteur . - 35p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 7 (2016) . - 35p. Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/physiopathology  Brain/diagnostic imaging/physiopathology  Case-Control Studies  Child  Female  Functional Laterality/physiology  Humans  Image Processing, Computer-Assisted  Language  Magnetic Resonance Imaging  Male  Neuropsychological Tests  Autism  Hemispheric specialization  Intrinsic functional connectivity  Lateralization  Motor deficits Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Atypical lateralization of language-related functions has been repeatedly found in individuals with autism spectrum conditions (ASC). Few studies have, however, investigated deviations from typically occurring asymmetry of other lateralized cognitive and behavioural domains. Motor deficits are among the earliest and most prominent symptoms in individuals with ASC and precede core social and communicative symptoms. METHODS: Here, we investigate whether motor circuit connectivity is (1) atypically lateralized in children with ASC and (2) whether this relates to core autistic symptoms and motor performance. Participants comprised 44 right-handed high-functioning children with autism (36 males, 8 females) and 80 typically developing control children (58 males, 22 females) matched on age, sex and performance IQ. We examined lateralization of functional motor circuit connectivity based on homotopic seeds derived from peak activations during a finger tapping paradigm. Motor performance was assessed using the Physical and Neurological Examination for Subtle Signs (PANESS). RESULTS: Children with ASC showed rightward lateralization in mean motor circuit connectivity compared to typically developing children, and this was associated with poorer performance on all three PANESS measures. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings reveal that atypical lateralization in ASC is not restricted to language functions but is also present in circuits subserving motor functions and may underlie motor deficits in children with ASC. Future studies should investigate whether this is an age-invariant finding extending to adolescents and adults and whether these asymmetries relate to atypical lateralization in the language domain. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-016-0096-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=328

From molecules to neural morphology: understanding neuroinflammation in autism spectrum condition / A. M. YOUNG in Molecular Autism, 7 (2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 7 (2016) . - 9p. Titre : From molecules to neural morphology: understanding neuroinflammation in autism spectrum condition Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : A. M. YOUNG, Auteur ; Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI, Auteur ; D. ROBERTS, Auteur ; Meng-Chuan LAI, Auteur ; J. SUCKLING, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : 9p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Amniotic Fluid/chemistry  Animals  Antigens, Surface/immunology  Autism Spectrum Disorder/genetics/immunology/pathology  Autoantibodies/analysis  Body Fluids/chemistry  Brain/embryology/immunology/pathology  Brain Chemistry  Chemokines/analysis  Cytokines/analysis  Female  Glutamic Acid/metabolism  HLA Antigens/immunology  Haplorhini  Humans  Immunity, Maternally-Acquired  Inflammation  Inflammation Mediators/analysis  Lipopolysaccharides/blood  Maternal-Fetal Exchange  Mice  Nerve Tissue Proteins/immunology  Neuroglia/physiology  Neuroimaging  Pregnancy  Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/blood  Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects  Signal Transduction  Autism  Brain  NF-kappaB Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Growing evidence points toward a critical role for early (prenatal) atypical neurodevelopmental processes in the aetiology of autism spectrum condition (ASC). One such process that could impact early neural development is inflammation. We review the evidence for atypical expression of molecular markers in the amniotic fluid, serum, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and the brain parenchyma that suggest a role for inflammation in the emergence of ASC. This is complemented with a number of neuroimaging and neuropathological studies describing microglial activation. Implications for treatment are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-016-0068-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=329 [article] From molecules to neural morphology: understanding neuroinflammation in autism spectrum condition [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / A. M. YOUNG, Auteur ; Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI, Auteur ; D. ROBERTS, Auteur ; Meng-Chuan LAI, Auteur ; J. SUCKLING, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur . - 9p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 7 (2016) . - 9p. Mots-clés : Amniotic Fluid/chemistry  Animals  Antigens, Surface/immunology  Autism Spectrum Disorder/genetics/immunology/pathology  Autoantibodies/analysis  Body Fluids/chemistry  Brain/embryology/immunology/pathology  Brain Chemistry  Chemokines/analysis  Cytokines/analysis  Female  Glutamic Acid/metabolism  HLA Antigens/immunology  Haplorhini  Humans  Immunity, Maternally-Acquired  Inflammation  Inflammation Mediators/analysis  Lipopolysaccharides/blood  Maternal-Fetal Exchange  Mice  Nerve Tissue Proteins/immunology  Neuroglia/physiology  Neuroimaging  Pregnancy  Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/blood  Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects  Signal Transduction  Autism  Brain  NF-kappaB Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Growing evidence points toward a critical role for early (prenatal) atypical neurodevelopmental processes in the aetiology of autism spectrum condition (ASC). One such process that could impact early neural development is inflammation. We review the evidence for atypical expression of molecular markers in the amniotic fluid, serum, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and the brain parenchyma that suggest a role for inflammation in the emergence of ASC. This is complemented with a number of neuroimaging and neuropathological studies describing microglial activation. Implications for treatment are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-016-0068-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=329

Neural self-representation in autistic women and association with 'compensatory camouflaging' / Meng-Chuan LAI in Autism, 23-5 (July 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 23-5 (July 2019) . - p.1210-1223 Titre : Neural self-representation in autistic women and association with 'compensatory camouflaging' Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Meng-Chuan LAI, Auteur ; M. V. LOMBARDO, Auteur ; Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI, Auteur ; A. N. RUIGROK, Auteur ; Edward T. BULLMORE, Auteur ; J. SUCKLING, Auteur ; Bonnie AUYEUNG, Auteur ; Francesca HAPPE, Auteur ; P. SZATMARI, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1210-1223 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adult  autism  camouflaging  compensation  functional magnetic resonance imaging  gender  heterogeneity  mentalizing  self  sex Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Prior work has revealed sex/gender-dependent autistic characteristics across behavioural and neural/biological domains. It remains unclear whether and how neural sex/gender differences are related to behavioural sex/gender differences in autism. Here, we examined whether atypical neural responses during mentalizing and self-representation are sex/gender-dependent in autistic adults and explored whether 'camouflaging' (acting as if behaviourally neurotypical) is associated with sex/gender-dependent neural responses. In total, N = 119 adults (33 typically developing males, 29 autistic males, 29 typically developing females and 28 autistic females) participated in a task-related functional magnetic resonance imaging paradigm to assess neural activation within right temporo-parietal junction and ventromedial prefrontal cortex during mentalizing and self-representation. Camouflaging in autism was quantified as the discrepancy between extrinsic behaviour in social-interpersonal contexts and intrinsic status. While autistic men showed hypoactive right temporo-parietal junction mentalizing and ventromedial prefrontal cortex self-representation responses compared to typically developing men, such neural responses in autistic women were not different from typically developing women. In autistic women only, increasing camouflaging was associated with heightened ventromedial prefrontal cortex self-representation response. There is a lack of impaired neural self-representation and mentalizing in autistic women compared to typically developing women. Camouflaging is heightened in autistic women and may relate to neural self-representation response. These results reveal brain-behaviour relations that help explain sex/gender-heterogeneity in social brain function in autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361318807159 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=401 [article] Neural self-representation in autistic women and association with 'compensatory camouflaging' [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Meng-Chuan LAI, Auteur ; M. V. LOMBARDO, Auteur ; Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI, Auteur ; A. N. RUIGROK, Auteur ; Edward T. BULLMORE, Auteur ; J. SUCKLING, Auteur ; Bonnie AUYEUNG, Auteur ; Francesca HAPPE, Auteur ; P. SZATMARI, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur . - p.1210-1223. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 23-5 (July 2019) . - p.1210-1223 Mots-clés : adult  autism  camouflaging  compensation  functional magnetic resonance imaging  gender  heterogeneity  mentalizing  self  sex Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Prior work has revealed sex/gender-dependent autistic characteristics across behavioural and neural/biological domains. It remains unclear whether and how neural sex/gender differences are related to behavioural sex/gender differences in autism. Here, we examined whether atypical neural responses during mentalizing and self-representation are sex/gender-dependent in autistic adults and explored whether 'camouflaging' (acting as if behaviourally neurotypical) is associated with sex/gender-dependent neural responses. In total, N = 119 adults (33 typically developing males, 29 autistic males, 29 typically developing females and 28 autistic females) participated in a task-related functional magnetic resonance imaging paradigm to assess neural activation within right temporo-parietal junction and ventromedial prefrontal cortex during mentalizing and self-representation. Camouflaging in autism was quantified as the discrepancy between extrinsic behaviour in social-interpersonal contexts and intrinsic status. While autistic men showed hypoactive right temporo-parietal junction mentalizing and ventromedial prefrontal cortex self-representation responses compared to typically developing men, such neural responses in autistic women were not different from typically developing women. In autistic women only, increasing camouflaging was associated with heightened ventromedial prefrontal cortex self-representation response. There is a lack of impaired neural self-representation and mentalizing in autistic women compared to typically developing women. Camouflaging is heightened in autistic women and may relate to neural self-representation response. These results reveal brain-behaviour relations that help explain sex/gender-heterogeneity in social brain function in autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361318807159 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=401

Single-participant structural similarity matrices lead to greater accuracy in classification of participants than function in autism in MRI / M. J. LEMING in Molecular Autism, 12 (2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 12 (2021) . - 34 p. Titre : Single-participant structural similarity matrices lead to greater accuracy in classification of participants than function in autism in MRI Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : M. J. LEMING, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; J. SUCKLING, Auteur Article en page(s) : 34 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Deep learning  Functional connectivity  Structural similarity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Autism has previously been characterized by both structural and functional differences in brain connectivity. However, while the literature on single-subject derivations of functional connectivity is extensively developed, similar methods of structural connectivity or similarity derivation from T1 MRI are less studied. METHODS: We introduce a technique of deriving symmetric similarity matrices from regional histograms of grey matter volumes estimated from T1-weighted MRIs. We then validated the technique by inputting the similarity matrices into a convolutional neural network (CNN) to classify between participants with autism and age-, motion-, and intracranial-volume-matched controls from six different databases (29,288 total connectomes, mean age = 30.72, range 0.42-78.00, including 1555 subjects with autism). We compared this method to similar classifications of the same participants using fMRI connectivity matrices as well as univariate estimates of grey matter volumes. We further applied graph-theoretical metrics on output class activation maps to identify areas of the matrices that the CNN preferentially used to make the classification, focusing particularly on hubs. LIMITATIONS: While this study used a large sample size, the majority of data was from a young age group; furthermore, to make a viable machine learning study, we treated autism, a highly heterogeneous condition, as a binary label. Thus, these results are not necessarily generalizable to all subtypes and age groups in autism. RESULTS: Our models gave AUROCs of 0.7298 (69.71% accuracy) when classifying by only structural similarity, 0.6964 (67.72% accuracy) when classifying by only functional connectivity, and 0.7037 (66.43% accuracy) when classifying by univariate grey matter volumes. Combining structural similarity and functional connectivity gave an AUROC of 0.7354 (69.40% accuracy). Analysis of classification performance across age revealed the greatest accuracy in adolescents, in which most data were present. Graph analysis of class activation maps revealed no distinguishable network patterns for functional inputs, but did reveal localized differences between groups in bilateral Heschl's gyrus and upper vermis for structural similarity. CONCLUSION: This study provides a simple means of feature extraction for inputting large numbers of structural MRIs into machine learning models. Our methods revealed a unique emphasis of the deep learning model on the structure of the bilateral Heschl's gyrus when characterizing autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-021-00439-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=459 [article] Single-participant structural similarity matrices lead to greater accuracy in classification of participants than function in autism in MRI [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / M. J. LEMING, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; J. SUCKLING, Auteur . - 34 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 12 (2021) . - 34 p. Mots-clés : Autism  Deep learning  Functional connectivity  Structural similarity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Autism has previously been characterized by both structural and functional differences in brain connectivity. However, while the literature on single-subject derivations of functional connectivity is extensively developed, similar methods of structural connectivity or similarity derivation from T1 MRI are less studied. METHODS: We introduce a technique of deriving symmetric similarity matrices from regional histograms of grey matter volumes estimated from T1-weighted MRIs. We then validated the technique by inputting the similarity matrices into a convolutional neural network (CNN) to classify between participants with autism and age-, motion-, and intracranial-volume-matched controls from six different databases (29,288 total connectomes, mean age = 30.72, range 0.42-78.00, including 1555 subjects with autism). We compared this method to similar classifications of the same participants using fMRI connectivity matrices as well as univariate estimates of grey matter volumes. We further applied graph-theoretical metrics on output class activation maps to identify areas of the matrices that the CNN preferentially used to make the classification, focusing particularly on hubs. LIMITATIONS: While this study used a large sample size, the majority of data was from a young age group; furthermore, to make a viable machine learning study, we treated autism, a highly heterogeneous condition, as a binary label. Thus, these results are not necessarily generalizable to all subtypes and age groups in autism. RESULTS: Our models gave AUROCs of 0.7298 (69.71% accuracy) when classifying by only structural similarity, 0.6964 (67.72% accuracy) when classifying by only functional connectivity, and 0.7037 (66.43% accuracy) when classifying by univariate grey matter volumes. Combining structural similarity and functional connectivity gave an AUROC of 0.7354 (69.40% accuracy). Analysis of classification performance across age revealed the greatest accuracy in adolescents, in which most data were present. Graph analysis of class activation maps revealed no distinguishable network patterns for functional inputs, but did reveal localized differences between groups in bilateral Heschl's gyrus and upper vermis for structural similarity. CONCLUSION: This study provides a simple means of feature extraction for inputting large numbers of structural MRIs into machine learning models. Our methods revealed a unique emphasis of the deep learning model on the structure of the bilateral Heschl's gyrus when characterizing autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-021-00439-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=459

The oxytocin receptor gene predicts brain activity during an emotion recognition task in autism / F. UZEFOVSKY in Molecular Autism, 10 (2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 10 (2019) . - 12 p. Titre : The oxytocin receptor gene predicts brain activity during an emotion recognition task in autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : F. UZEFOVSKY, Auteur ; Richard A. I. BETHLEHEM, Auteur ; S. SHAMAY-TSOORY, Auteur ; A. RUIGROK, Auteur ; R. HOLT, Auteur ; M. SPENCER, Auteur ; L. CHURA, Auteur ; V. WARRIER, Auteur ; Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI, Auteur ; Edward T. BULLMORE, Auteur ; J. SUCKLING, Auteur ; D. FLORIS, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : 12 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Imaging genetics  Oxytocin receptor  Supramarginal gyrus  fMRI  the relevant national and institutional committees on human experimentation and  with the Declaration of Helsinki of 1975, as revised in 2008.Not applicable.The  authors declare that they have no competing interests.Springer Nature remains  neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional  affiliations. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Autism is a highly varied and heritable neurodevelopmental condition, and common variants explain approximately 50% of the genetic variance of autism. One of the genes implicated in autism is the oxytocin receptor (OXTR). The current study combined genetic and brain imaging (fMRI) data to examine the moderating effect of genotype on the association between diagnosis and brain activity in response to a test of cognitive empathy. Methods: Participants were adolescents (mean age = 14.7 +/- 1.7) who were genotyped for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the OXTR and underwent functional brain imaging while completing the adolescent version of the 'Reading the Mind in the Eyes' Test (Eyes Test). Results: Two (rs2254298, rs53576) of the five OXTR SNPs examined were significantly associated with brain activity during the Eyes Test, and three of the SNPs (rs2254298, rs53576, rs2268491) interacted with diagnostic status to predict brain activity. All of the effects localized to the right supramarginal gyrus (rSMG) and an overlap analysis revealed a large overlap of the effects. An exploratory analysis showed that activity within an anatomically defined rSMG and genotype can predict diagnostic status with reasonable accuracy. Conclusions: This is one of the first studies to investigate OXTR and brain function in autism. The findings suggest a neurogenetic mechanism by which OXTR-dependent activity within the rSMG is related to the aetiology of autism. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-019-0258-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=389 [article] The oxytocin receptor gene predicts brain activity during an emotion recognition task in autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / F. UZEFOVSKY, Auteur ; Richard A. I. BETHLEHEM, Auteur ; S. SHAMAY-TSOORY, Auteur ; A. RUIGROK, Auteur ; R. HOLT, Auteur ; M. SPENCER, Auteur ; L. CHURA, Auteur ; V. WARRIER, Auteur ; Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI, Auteur ; Edward T. BULLMORE, Auteur ; J. SUCKLING, Auteur ; D. FLORIS, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur . - 12 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 10 (2019) . - 12 p. Mots-clés : Autism  Imaging genetics  Oxytocin receptor  Supramarginal gyrus  fMRI  the relevant national and institutional committees on human experimentation and  with the Declaration of Helsinki of 1975, as revised in 2008.Not applicable.The  authors declare that they have no competing interests.Springer Nature remains  neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional  affiliations. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Autism is a highly varied and heritable neurodevelopmental condition, and common variants explain approximately 50% of the genetic variance of autism. One of the genes implicated in autism is the oxytocin receptor (OXTR). The current study combined genetic and brain imaging (fMRI) data to examine the moderating effect of genotype on the association between diagnosis and brain activity in response to a test of cognitive empathy. Methods: Participants were adolescents (mean age = 14.7 +/- 1.7) who were genotyped for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the OXTR and underwent functional brain imaging while completing the adolescent version of the 'Reading the Mind in the Eyes' Test (Eyes Test). Results: Two (rs2254298, rs53576) of the five OXTR SNPs examined were significantly associated with brain activity during the Eyes Test, and three of the SNPs (rs2254298, rs53576, rs2268491) interacted with diagnostic status to predict brain activity. All of the effects localized to the right supramarginal gyrus (rSMG) and an overlap analysis revealed a large overlap of the effects. An exploratory analysis showed that activity within an anatomically defined rSMG and genotype can predict diagnostic status with reasonable accuracy. Conclusions: This is one of the first studies to investigate OXTR and brain function in autism. The findings suggest a neurogenetic mechanism by which OXTR-dependent activity within the rSMG is related to the aetiology of autism. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-019-0258-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=389

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