Friendship quality among autistic and non-autistic (pre-) adolescents: Protective or risk factor for mental health? / Rachel O’CONNOR in Autism, 26-8 (November 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 26-8 (November 2022) . - p.2041-2051 Titre : Friendship quality among autistic and non-autistic (pre-) adolescents: Protective or risk factor for mental health? Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Rachel O’CONNOR, Auteur ; Neeltje VAN DEN BEDEM, Auteur ; Els M.A. BLIJD-HOOGEWYS, Auteur ; Lex STOCKMANN, Auteur ; Carolien RIEFFE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2041-2051 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Male  Female  Adolescent  Humans  Friends/psychology  Interpersonal Relations  Mental Health  Autism Spectrum Disorder/psychology  Risk Factors  anxiety  autism  depression  friendship  mental health  research, authorship and/or publication of this article. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic young people are often misunderstood by non-autistic young people, and this can lead to difficulties in their friendships. We know that friendship is very important for our mental health. For non-autistic young people, having good friendships is linked to better mental health and having problems in friendship can cause mental health problems. This study aimed to compare the positive and negative features of friendship that autistic non-autistic young people experience. The study also aimed to understand if having positive or negative friendship features is related to signs of mental health problems (anxiety and depression). 306 young people aged 9-16 took part in this study. These were 86 autistic boys, 18 autistic girls, 91 non-autistic boys and 111 non-autistic girls. The findings of this study showed that autistic young people have less positive friendship features than non-autistic young people. For all young people in the study, having more positive friendship features was related to fewer signs of depression, while having more negative friendship features was related to more signs of depression. Just for autistic girls, having more positive friendship features was related to more signs of anxiety. These findings show that support is needed to help autistic young people have more positive friendships. For example, by teaching non-autistic young people how to be supportive friends to their autistic peers. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613211073448 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=488 [article] Friendship quality among autistic and non-autistic (pre-) adolescents: Protective or risk factor for mental health? [texte imprimé] / Rachel O’CONNOR, Auteur ; Neeltje VAN DEN BEDEM, Auteur ; Els M.A. BLIJD-HOOGEWYS, Auteur ; Lex STOCKMANN, Auteur ; Carolien RIEFFE, Auteur . - p.2041-2051. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 26-8 (November 2022) . - p.2041-2051 Mots-clés : Male  Female  Adolescent  Humans  Friends/psychology  Interpersonal Relations  Mental Health  Autism Spectrum Disorder/psychology  Risk Factors  anxiety  autism  depression  friendship  mental health  research, authorship and/or publication of this article. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic young people are often misunderstood by non-autistic young people, and this can lead to difficulties in their friendships. We know that friendship is very important for our mental health. For non-autistic young people, having good friendships is linked to better mental health and having problems in friendship can cause mental health problems. This study aimed to compare the positive and negative features of friendship that autistic non-autistic young people experience. The study also aimed to understand if having positive or negative friendship features is related to signs of mental health problems (anxiety and depression). 306 young people aged 9-16 took part in this study. These were 86 autistic boys, 18 autistic girls, 91 non-autistic boys and 111 non-autistic girls. The findings of this study showed that autistic young people have less positive friendship features than non-autistic young people. For all young people in the study, having more positive friendship features was related to fewer signs of depression, while having more negative friendship features was related to more signs of depression. Just for autistic girls, having more positive friendship features was related to more signs of anxiety. These findings show that support is needed to help autistic young people have more positive friendships. For example, by teaching non-autistic young people how to be supportive friends to their autistic peers. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613211073448 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=488

Perspectives of autistic adolescent girls and women on the determinants of their mental health and social and emotional well-being: A systematic review and thematic synthesis of lived experience / Rachel O’CONNOR in Autism, 28-4 (April 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 28-4 (April 2024) . - p.816-830 Titre : Perspectives of autistic adolescent girls and women on the determinants of their mental health and social and emotional well-being: A systematic review and thematic synthesis of lived experience Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Rachel O’CONNOR, Auteur ; Mary DOHERTY, Auteur ; Theresa RYAN-ENRIGHT, Auteur ; Keith GAYNOR, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.816-830 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism,female,mental health,neurodiversity,well-being Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic girls and women experience more mental health difficulties and poorer well-being than their non-autistic peers. Little emphasis has been placed on the perspectives of the girls and women within the literature. This review aims to provide an overview of the factors that impact autistic females' emotional and social well-being and mental health, as described in self-report qualitative studies. The protocol for the present review was pre-registered on PROSPERO (CRD42020184983), and this article follows Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. PsycInfo, Academic Search Complete and MEDLINE were systematically searched using a pre-defined search string. This yielded 877 unique records, which were systematically screened by two reviewers, resulting in 52 eligible studies. Structured data extraction and quality appraisal were completed. The present review presents the perspectives of 973 autistic females aged 13-70+. Thematic synthesis identified three themes and nine subthemes. Our findings suggest that autistic girls' and women s experiences can be conceptualised within a social model, where biological and psychological factors ('The Autistic Neurotype') are experienced through the lens of social factors ('The Neurotypical World' and 'Stigma'), together shaping well-being and mental health outcomes. Lay abstract Difficulties with mental health and low levels of well-being are more common among autistic girls and women than non-autistic people, but we do not fully understand why. Research does not focus enough on what autistic girls and women could tell us about this. This review aims to summarise the studies where autistic girls and women explain things that affect their mental health and well-being to help us understand how to prevent these difficulties from developing. Three research databases were searched to find possibly relevant studies. There were 877 studies found, which two researchers screened according to particular criteria. They found 52 studies that could be included in this review. One researcher evaluated the quality of these studies and extracted the key information from them. This review summarises the views of 973 autistic girls and women aged between 13 and 70+. The findings from the 52 studies were analysed, and we found many factors that affect the mental health and well-being of autistic girls and women. These factors fall into two categories: (1) difficulties living in a world not designed for autistic people and (2) the impact of stigma due to being autistic. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231215026 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=525 [article] Perspectives of autistic adolescent girls and women on the determinants of their mental health and social and emotional well-being: A systematic review and thematic synthesis of lived experience [texte imprimé] / Rachel O’CONNOR, Auteur ; Mary DOHERTY, Auteur ; Theresa RYAN-ENRIGHT, Auteur ; Keith GAYNOR, Auteur . - p.816-830. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 28-4 (April 2024) . - p.816-830 Mots-clés : autism,female,mental health,neurodiversity,well-being Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic girls and women experience more mental health difficulties and poorer well-being than their non-autistic peers. Little emphasis has been placed on the perspectives of the girls and women within the literature. This review aims to provide an overview of the factors that impact autistic females' emotional and social well-being and mental health, as described in self-report qualitative studies. The protocol for the present review was pre-registered on PROSPERO (CRD42020184983), and this article follows Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. PsycInfo, Academic Search Complete and MEDLINE were systematically searched using a pre-defined search string. This yielded 877 unique records, which were systematically screened by two reviewers, resulting in 52 eligible studies. Structured data extraction and quality appraisal were completed. The present review presents the perspectives of 973 autistic females aged 13-70+. Thematic synthesis identified three themes and nine subthemes. Our findings suggest that autistic girls' and women s experiences can be conceptualised within a social model, where biological and psychological factors ('The Autistic Neurotype') are experienced through the lens of social factors ('The Neurotypical World' and 'Stigma'), together shaping well-being and mental health outcomes. Lay abstract Difficulties with mental health and low levels of well-being are more common among autistic girls and women than non-autistic people, but we do not fully understand why. Research does not focus enough on what autistic girls and women could tell us about this. This review aims to summarise the studies where autistic girls and women explain things that affect their mental health and well-being to help us understand how to prevent these difficulties from developing. Three research databases were searched to find possibly relevant studies. There were 877 studies found, which two researchers screened according to particular criteria. They found 52 studies that could be included in this review. One researcher evaluated the quality of these studies and extracted the key information from them. This review summarises the views of 973 autistic girls and women aged between 13 and 70+. The findings from the 52 studies were analysed, and we found many factors that affect the mental health and well-being of autistic girls and women. These factors fall into two categories: (1) difficulties living in a world not designed for autistic people and (2) the impact of stigma due to being autistic. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231215026 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=525

Quantity and quality of empathic responding by autistic and non-autistic adolescent girls and boys / Carolien RIEFFE in Autism, 25-1 (January 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 25-1 (January 2021) . - p.199-209 Titre : Quantity and quality of empathic responding by autistic and non-autistic adolescent girls and boys Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Carolien RIEFFE, Auteur ; Rachel O’CONNOR, Auteur ; Anne BÃœLOW, Auteur ; Danique WILLEMS, Auteur ; Laura HULL, Auteur ; Felicity SEDGEWICK, Auteur ; Lex STOCKMANN, Auteur ; Els M.A. BLIJD-HOOGEWYS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.199-209 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : affective empathy  cognitive empathy  emotional arousal  gender  pro-social behaviour Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Empathy is an important feature to feel for another person, evoking social support for the person in distress, and thus strengthening social cohesion. The question is to what extent empathic reactions can also be observed in autistic adolescents and autistic girls in particular, since their often mentioned good social skills might prevent their direct social environment from recognizing their autism. We examined 194 adolescents (autistic and non-autistic boys and girls) during an in vivo task in which the experimenter pretended to hurt herself while closing a binder. All responses by the participants were videotaped and coded by two independent coders. In line with our predictions, no group or gender differences appeared related to their attention for the event; yet autistic girls and boys showed less visible emotional arousal, which could indicate less affective empathy (feeling for someone), or which could indicate that autistic adolescents know less well how to show empathy. Autistic girls and boys reacted by comforting the experimenter equally often as their non-autistic peers, but autistic boys addressed the problem more often than any other group, while girls (autistic and non-autistic) more often addressed the emotion of the person in need. Our findings highlight that empathic behaviour is remarkably similar between autistic and non-autistic boys and girls. Indeed, only subtle differences exist, in terms of expressed emotional arousal and gender-specific comforting styles. Autistic girls' higher levels of emotion-focused comforting could be explained by well-developed social skills, camouflaging, or emotional investment in relationships with others. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361320956422 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=437 [article] Quantity and quality of empathic responding by autistic and non-autistic adolescent girls and boys [texte imprimé] / Carolien RIEFFE, Auteur ; Rachel O’CONNOR, Auteur ; Anne BÃœLOW, Auteur ; Danique WILLEMS, Auteur ; Laura HULL, Auteur ; Felicity SEDGEWICK, Auteur ; Lex STOCKMANN, Auteur ; Els M.A. BLIJD-HOOGEWYS, Auteur . - p.199-209. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 25-1 (January 2021) . - p.199-209 Mots-clés : affective empathy  cognitive empathy  emotional arousal  gender  pro-social behaviour Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Empathy is an important feature to feel for another person, evoking social support for the person in distress, and thus strengthening social cohesion. The question is to what extent empathic reactions can also be observed in autistic adolescents and autistic girls in particular, since their often mentioned good social skills might prevent their direct social environment from recognizing their autism. We examined 194 adolescents (autistic and non-autistic boys and girls) during an in vivo task in which the experimenter pretended to hurt herself while closing a binder. All responses by the participants were videotaped and coded by two independent coders. In line with our predictions, no group or gender differences appeared related to their attention for the event; yet autistic girls and boys showed less visible emotional arousal, which could indicate less affective empathy (feeling for someone), or which could indicate that autistic adolescents know less well how to show empathy. Autistic girls and boys reacted by comforting the experimenter equally often as their non-autistic peers, but autistic boys addressed the problem more often than any other group, while girls (autistic and non-autistic) more often addressed the emotion of the person in need. Our findings highlight that empathic behaviour is remarkably similar between autistic and non-autistic boys and girls. Indeed, only subtle differences exist, in terms of expressed emotional arousal and gender-specific comforting styles. Autistic girls' higher levels of emotion-focused comforting could be explained by well-developed social skills, camouflaging, or emotional investment in relationships with others. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361320956422 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=437

Spontaneous helping behavior of autistic and non-autistic (Pre-)adolescents: A matter of motivation? / Rachel O’CONNOR in Autism Research, 12-12 (December)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-12 (December) . - p.1796-1804 Titre : Spontaneous helping behavior of autistic and non-autistic (Pre-)adolescents: A matter of motivation? Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Rachel O’CONNOR, Auteur ; Lex STOCKMANN, Auteur ; Carolien RIEFFE, Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : p.1796-1804 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  gender  helping  pro-social  social motivation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Young autistic people have a range of social difficulties, but it is not yet clear how these difficulties can be explained. In addition, emerging research is suggesting that autistic girls may differ from boys in terms of their social behaviors, but yet unknown is if they differ in terms of their pro-social behavior, such as helping. The present study investigated spontaneous helping behavior using an in vivo paradigm and related this to participants' levels of social motivation (based on parent reports). Participants were 233 autistic and non-autistic (pre-)adolescents (M = 12.46 years, SD = 15.54 months). Our results demonstrated that autistic girls and boys have lower levels of social motivation compared to their non-autistic peers, but social motivation was unrelated to helping behavior in both groups. Furthermore, when the experimenter needed help, the autistic boys and girls looked and smiled to the same extent as their peers of the same gender, but they actually helped significantly less than their non-autistic peers. However, most autistic youngsters did help, highlighting the great individual differences in autistic individuals. We discuss the possibility that lower levels of helping behavior are due to difficulty initiating action in a social context, rather than lower social motivation. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1796-1804. (c) 2019 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: This study examined the helping behavior of autistic boys and girls (aged 9-16). Many autistic young people did help, but compared to non-autistic individuals, autistic people did not help as much. This study also showed that when people did/did not help, it was not related to their interest in social relationships. It is important to teach young autistic people when and how to help others, to support them making friends. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2182 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=413 [article] Spontaneous helping behavior of autistic and non-autistic (Pre-)adolescents: A matter of motivation? [texte imprimé] / Rachel O’CONNOR, Auteur ; Lex STOCKMANN, Auteur ; Carolien RIEFFE, Auteur . - 2019 . - p.1796-1804. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-12 (December) . - p.1796-1804 Mots-clés : autism  gender  helping  pro-social  social motivation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Young autistic people have a range of social difficulties, but it is not yet clear how these difficulties can be explained. In addition, emerging research is suggesting that autistic girls may differ from boys in terms of their social behaviors, but yet unknown is if they differ in terms of their pro-social behavior, such as helping. The present study investigated spontaneous helping behavior using an in vivo paradigm and related this to participants' levels of social motivation (based on parent reports). Participants were 233 autistic and non-autistic (pre-)adolescents (M = 12.46 years, SD = 15.54 months). Our results demonstrated that autistic girls and boys have lower levels of social motivation compared to their non-autistic peers, but social motivation was unrelated to helping behavior in both groups. Furthermore, when the experimenter needed help, the autistic boys and girls looked and smiled to the same extent as their peers of the same gender, but they actually helped significantly less than their non-autistic peers. However, most autistic youngsters did help, highlighting the great individual differences in autistic individuals. We discuss the possibility that lower levels of helping behavior are due to difficulty initiating action in a social context, rather than lower social motivation. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1796-1804. (c) 2019 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: This study examined the helping behavior of autistic boys and girls (aged 9-16). Many autistic young people did help, but compared to non-autistic individuals, autistic people did not help as much. This study also showed that when people did/did not help, it was not related to their interest in social relationships. It is important to teach young autistic people when and how to help others, to support them making friends. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2182 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=413

A systematic review of autistic children’s prosocial behaviour / Theresa RYAN-ENRIGHT in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 98 (October 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 98 (October 2022) . - 102023 Titre : A systematic review of autistic children’s prosocial behaviour Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Theresa RYAN-ENRIGHT, Auteur ; Rachel O’CONNOR, Auteur ; Jessica BRAMHAM, Auteur ; Laura K. TAYLOR, Auteur Article en page(s) : 102023 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Prosocial behaviour  Comforting  Sharing  Helping  Children  Autistic strengths  Systematic review  PRISMA Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Prosocial behaviour (e.g., comforting, helping, sharing) is associated with important positive life outcomes. Historical and recent theory, evidence and personal accounts within the autism community present a mixed picture regarding Autistic children’s prosocial engagement. This systematic review consolidates, for the first time, how empirical studies have been measuring Autistic children’s prosocial behaviour to date (objective one). This review clarifies what knowledge the evidence provides, specifically how the type (e.g., comforting, helping, sharing), target (e.g., parent, experimenter, Autistic or neurotypical peer) and timing (e.g., young, middle, and late childhood) affect Autistic children’s prosocial behaviour (objective two). Methods Relevant published records were identified through systematic searches of three electronic databases: PsychINFO, PubMED and Embase. Thirty studies presented in 29 articles met eligibility criteria and were included for data-extraction, quality assessment and narrative synthesis. Results The most common methodologies used were found to be: in-person paradigms, games, informant reports, and self-reports. Reliability and validity efforts were inconsistent. It is hoped these findings will act as a benchmark for development of future research in the area. Outcomes were found to be much more positive about Autistic children’s engagement in prosocial behaviour than diagnostic criteria and historical theory suggests, with Autistic children often engaging in prosocial behaviour to the same frequency as comparison groups despite unfamiliar and neurotypical targets. Narrative synthesis revealed moderating variables and differing patterns and styles of Autistic children’s prosocial behaviour. Conclusions Findings encourage Autistic strengths-based approaches and caution is expressed regarding findings possibly linked to Autistic masking. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2022.102023 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=490 [article] A systematic review of autistic children’s prosocial behaviour [texte imprimé] / Theresa RYAN-ENRIGHT, Auteur ; Rachel O’CONNOR, Auteur ; Jessica BRAMHAM, Auteur ; Laura K. TAYLOR, Auteur . - 102023. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 98 (October 2022) . - 102023 Mots-clés : Prosocial behaviour  Comforting  Sharing  Helping  Children  Autistic strengths  Systematic review  PRISMA Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Prosocial behaviour (e.g., comforting, helping, sharing) is associated with important positive life outcomes. Historical and recent theory, evidence and personal accounts within the autism community present a mixed picture regarding Autistic children’s prosocial engagement. This systematic review consolidates, for the first time, how empirical studies have been measuring Autistic children’s prosocial behaviour to date (objective one). This review clarifies what knowledge the evidence provides, specifically how the type (e.g., comforting, helping, sharing), target (e.g., parent, experimenter, Autistic or neurotypical peer) and timing (e.g., young, middle, and late childhood) affect Autistic children’s prosocial behaviour (objective two). Methods Relevant published records were identified through systematic searches of three electronic databases: PsychINFO, PubMED and Embase. Thirty studies presented in 29 articles met eligibility criteria and were included for data-extraction, quality assessment and narrative synthesis. Results The most common methodologies used were found to be: in-person paradigms, games, informant reports, and self-reports. Reliability and validity efforts were inconsistent. It is hoped these findings will act as a benchmark for development of future research in the area. Outcomes were found to be much more positive about Autistic children’s engagement in prosocial behaviour than diagnostic criteria and historical theory suggests, with Autistic children often engaging in prosocial behaviour to the same frequency as comparison groups despite unfamiliar and neurotypical targets. Narrative synthesis revealed moderating variables and differing patterns and styles of Autistic children’s prosocial behaviour. Conclusions Findings encourage Autistic strengths-based approaches and caution is expressed regarding findings possibly linked to Autistic masking. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2022.102023 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=490

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