Centre d'Information et de documentation du CRA Rhône-Alpes
CRA
Informations pratiques
-
Adresse
Centre d'information et de documentation
du CRA Rhône-Alpes
Centre Hospitalier le Vinatier
bât 211
95, Bd Pinel
69678 Bron CedexHoraires
Lundi au Vendredi
9h00-12h00 13h30-16h00Contact
Tél: +33(0)4 37 91 54 65
Mail
Fax: +33(0)4 37 91 54 37
-
Résultat de la recherche
5 recherche sur le mot-clé 'inflexibility'
Affiner la recherche Générer le flux rss de la recherche
Partager le résultat de cette recherche Faire une suggestion
Is cognitive inflexibility a missing link? The role of cognitive inflexibility, alexithymia and intolerance of uncertainty in externalising and internalising behaviours in young people with autism spectrum disorder / A. OZSIVADJIAN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 62-6 (June 2021)
[article]
Titre : Is cognitive inflexibility a missing link? The role of cognitive inflexibility, alexithymia and intolerance of uncertainty in externalising and internalising behaviours in young people with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : A. OZSIVADJIAN, Auteur ; M. J. HOLLOCKS, Auteur ; I. MAGIATI, Auteur ; Francesca HAPPE, Auteur ; Gillian BAIRD, Auteur ; M. ABSOUD, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.715-724 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescent Affective Symptoms Autism Spectrum Disorder Cognition Humans Longitudinal Studies Quality of Life Uncertainty Autism alexithymia anxiety autistic emotional regulation externalising inflexibility internalising intolerance of uncertainty mechanism mediator Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Internalising (anxiety and low mood) and externalising (aggressive or outburst behaviours, and irritability) difficulties are very common in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) across the life span, relatively stable over time and often associated with poorer quality of life. Understanding the cognitive mechanisms underlying internalising and externalising difficulties in ASD is essential for developing targeted supports and interventions. In the present study, we investigated established and less-researched cognitive factors hypothesised to contribute to internalising and/or externalising difficulties in ASD, namely cognitive inflexibility (CI), intolerance of uncertainty (IU) and alexithymia. Based on previous models and clinical experience, we hypothesised that IU would lead to internalising symptoms, with alexithymia contributing to this pathway, and that CI would have a direct effect on externalising behaviours and may indirectly contribute to internalising symptoms via increasing IU. METHODS: Our sample consisted of 95 5- to 18-year-olds presenting to a specialist neurodevelopmental clinic and receiving a diagnosis of ASD. Parents/caregivers completed questionnaires assessing ASD symptomatology, internalising and externalising difficulties, CI, IU and alexithymia. Structural equation modelling was used to examine the hypothesised pathways and relationships between the main variables of interest. RESULTS: Cognitive Inflexibility played a significant direct role in the pathway from ASD symptoms to externalising symptoms in ASD, and indirect role via IU in the pathway to internalising problems. Relationships between alexithymia and both internalising and externalising symptoms were weaker, with alexithymia predicting internalising difficulties via IU only. CONCLUSIONS: The finding of a direct pathway from CI to externalising behaviours is novel, as is the indirect role of CI in internalising symptomatology. Of the three cognitive mechanisms examined, only CI significantly predicted externalising symptoms. Possible implications for interventions and supports targeting these cognitive processes in ASD are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13295 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=456
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 62-6 (June 2021) . - p.715-724[article] Is cognitive inflexibility a missing link? The role of cognitive inflexibility, alexithymia and intolerance of uncertainty in externalising and internalising behaviours in young people with autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / A. OZSIVADJIAN, Auteur ; M. J. HOLLOCKS, Auteur ; I. MAGIATI, Auteur ; Francesca HAPPE, Auteur ; Gillian BAIRD, Auteur ; M. ABSOUD, Auteur . - p.715-724.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 62-6 (June 2021) . - p.715-724
Mots-clés : Adolescent Affective Symptoms Autism Spectrum Disorder Cognition Humans Longitudinal Studies Quality of Life Uncertainty Autism alexithymia anxiety autistic emotional regulation externalising inflexibility internalising intolerance of uncertainty mechanism mediator Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Internalising (anxiety and low mood) and externalising (aggressive or outburst behaviours, and irritability) difficulties are very common in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) across the life span, relatively stable over time and often associated with poorer quality of life. Understanding the cognitive mechanisms underlying internalising and externalising difficulties in ASD is essential for developing targeted supports and interventions. In the present study, we investigated established and less-researched cognitive factors hypothesised to contribute to internalising and/or externalising difficulties in ASD, namely cognitive inflexibility (CI), intolerance of uncertainty (IU) and alexithymia. Based on previous models and clinical experience, we hypothesised that IU would lead to internalising symptoms, with alexithymia contributing to this pathway, and that CI would have a direct effect on externalising behaviours and may indirectly contribute to internalising symptoms via increasing IU. METHODS: Our sample consisted of 95 5- to 18-year-olds presenting to a specialist neurodevelopmental clinic and receiving a diagnosis of ASD. Parents/caregivers completed questionnaires assessing ASD symptomatology, internalising and externalising difficulties, CI, IU and alexithymia. Structural equation modelling was used to examine the hypothesised pathways and relationships between the main variables of interest. RESULTS: Cognitive Inflexibility played a significant direct role in the pathway from ASD symptoms to externalising symptoms in ASD, and indirect role via IU in the pathway to internalising problems. Relationships between alexithymia and both internalising and externalising symptoms were weaker, with alexithymia predicting internalising difficulties via IU only. CONCLUSIONS: The finding of a direct pathway from CI to externalising behaviours is novel, as is the indirect role of CI in internalising symptomatology. Of the three cognitive mechanisms examined, only CI significantly predicted externalising symptoms. Possible implications for interventions and supports targeting these cognitive processes in ASD are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13295 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=456 Using Individualized Reinforcers and Hierarchical Exposure to Increase Food Flexibility in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders / Robert L. KOEGEL in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42-8 (August 2012)
[article]
Titre : Using Individualized Reinforcers and Hierarchical Exposure to Increase Food Flexibility in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Robert L. KOEGEL, Auteur ; Amber A. BHAROOCHA, Auteur ; Courtney B. RIBNICK, Auteur ; Ryan C. RIBNICK, Auteur ; Mario O. BUCIO, Auteur ; Rosy M. FREDEEN, Auteur ; Lynn KERN KOEGEL, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.1574-1581 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Food refusal Inflexibility Rigidity Autism Positive reinforcement Stimulus fading Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Inflexibility is a major characteristic of autism. In the present study we addressed inflexible mealtime behaviors and collected longitudinal data across 48 foods for 3 children, ages 6.4–7.8 years, diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, for up to 22 weeks. Participants exhibited severe challenges with adherence to an extremely restricted repertoire of foods. We employed clinical replication and multiple baseline designs across participants to assess the effects of individualized reinforcement and hierarchical exposure to increase flexibility. Results showed that following intervention, all participants expanded their food repertoire and spontaneously requested new foods during follow up/generalization. Implications for clinical practice and directions for further research are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-011-1392-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=178
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 42-8 (August 2012) . - p.1574-1581[article] Using Individualized Reinforcers and Hierarchical Exposure to Increase Food Flexibility in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Robert L. KOEGEL, Auteur ; Amber A. BHAROOCHA, Auteur ; Courtney B. RIBNICK, Auteur ; Ryan C. RIBNICK, Auteur ; Mario O. BUCIO, Auteur ; Rosy M. FREDEEN, Auteur ; Lynn KERN KOEGEL, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.1574-1581.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 42-8 (August 2012) . - p.1574-1581
Mots-clés : Food refusal Inflexibility Rigidity Autism Positive reinforcement Stimulus fading Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Inflexibility is a major characteristic of autism. In the present study we addressed inflexible mealtime behaviors and collected longitudinal data across 48 foods for 3 children, ages 6.4–7.8 years, diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, for up to 22 weeks. Participants exhibited severe challenges with adherence to an extremely restricted repertoire of foods. We employed clinical replication and multiple baseline designs across participants to assess the effects of individualized reinforcement and hierarchical exposure to increase flexibility. Results showed that following intervention, all participants expanded their food repertoire and spontaneously requested new foods during follow up/generalization. Implications for clinical practice and directions for further research are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-011-1392-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=178 Priors Bias Perceptual Decisions in Autism, But Are Less Flexibly Adjusted to the Context / L. A. SAPEY-TRIOMPHE in Autism Research, 14-6 (June 2021)
[article]
Titre : Priors Bias Perceptual Decisions in Autism, But Are Less Flexibly Adjusted to the Context Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : L. A. SAPEY-TRIOMPHE, Auteur ; L. TIMMERMANS, Auteur ; J. WAGEMANS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1134-1146 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications Autistic Disorder Humans Learning Reproducibility of Results Visual Perception autism contraction bias inflexibility learning predictive coding prior time-order effect Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : According to the predictive coding framework, percepts emerge from combinations of sensory input and prior knowledge, whose relative contributions depend on their reliability. Recent predictive coding theories suggest that Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) could be characterized by an atypical weighting of priors. Here, we assessed whether individuals with ASD can flexibly adjust the weight (precision) of the prior to the context. Thirty-one neurotypical adults (NT) and 26 adults with ASD participated in a visual discrimination task designed to elicit a time-order effect (TOE). The TOE reflects the integration of priors with sensory estimates. We used two experimental contexts: a narrow stimulus range (Narrow condition) and a broader range (Broad condition) in order to induce a prior with a higher and lower precision, respectively. Both groups learned a prior that biased their perception, as shown with the TOE. As expected, the NT group had a larger TOE in the Narrow condition than in the Broad condition, revealing a contextual adjustment of the prior precision. In contrast, ASD participants were more inflexible: the extent of the TOE was not modulated by the context. In addition, the accuracy increased when the stimulus range decreased in both group, which may be interpreted as a contextual adjustment of the sensory precision. To conclude, adults with and without ASD implicitly learned a prior mean, but ASD participants failed to flexibly adjust the prior precision to the context. This increased inflexibility in ASD could account for many symptoms, such as their intolerance of uncertainty. LAY SUMMARY: Based on our experience, we have expectations about our environment. Theories suggest that the symptoms encountered in autism could be due to atypical expectations, leading to an impression of an unpredictable world. Using a visual discrimination task, we showed that adults with and without autism were biased by their expectations. Yet, the extent to which expectations biased perception did not depend on the context in autism. This higher inflexibility found in autism may explain symptoms such as resistance to change. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2452 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449
in Autism Research > 14-6 (June 2021) . - p.1134-1146[article] Priors Bias Perceptual Decisions in Autism, But Are Less Flexibly Adjusted to the Context [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / L. A. SAPEY-TRIOMPHE, Auteur ; L. TIMMERMANS, Auteur ; J. WAGEMANS, Auteur . - p.1134-1146.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 14-6 (June 2021) . - p.1134-1146
Mots-clés : Adult Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications Autistic Disorder Humans Learning Reproducibility of Results Visual Perception autism contraction bias inflexibility learning predictive coding prior time-order effect Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : According to the predictive coding framework, percepts emerge from combinations of sensory input and prior knowledge, whose relative contributions depend on their reliability. Recent predictive coding theories suggest that Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) could be characterized by an atypical weighting of priors. Here, we assessed whether individuals with ASD can flexibly adjust the weight (precision) of the prior to the context. Thirty-one neurotypical adults (NT) and 26 adults with ASD participated in a visual discrimination task designed to elicit a time-order effect (TOE). The TOE reflects the integration of priors with sensory estimates. We used two experimental contexts: a narrow stimulus range (Narrow condition) and a broader range (Broad condition) in order to induce a prior with a higher and lower precision, respectively. Both groups learned a prior that biased their perception, as shown with the TOE. As expected, the NT group had a larger TOE in the Narrow condition than in the Broad condition, revealing a contextual adjustment of the prior precision. In contrast, ASD participants were more inflexible: the extent of the TOE was not modulated by the context. In addition, the accuracy increased when the stimulus range decreased in both group, which may be interpreted as a contextual adjustment of the sensory precision. To conclude, adults with and without ASD implicitly learned a prior mean, but ASD participants failed to flexibly adjust the prior precision to the context. This increased inflexibility in ASD could account for many symptoms, such as their intolerance of uncertainty. LAY SUMMARY: Based on our experience, we have expectations about our environment. Theories suggest that the symptoms encountered in autism could be due to atypical expectations, leading to an impression of an unpredictable world. Using a visual discrimination task, we showed that adults with and without autism were biased by their expectations. Yet, the extent to which expectations biased perception did not depend on the context in autism. This higher inflexibility found in autism may explain symptoms such as resistance to change. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2452 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449 Using Shaping to Increase Foods Consumed by Children with Autism / Abby HODGES in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47-8 (August 2017)
[article]
Titre : Using Shaping to Increase Foods Consumed by Children with Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Abby HODGES, Auteur ; Tonya N. DAVIS, Auteur ; Madison CRANDALL, Auteur ; Laura PHIPPS, Auteur ; Regan WESTON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2471-2479 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Inflexibility Food refusal Shaping Food variety Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The current study used differential reinforcement and shaping to increase the variety of foods accepted by children with autism who demonstrated significant feeding inflexibility. Participants were introduced to four new food items via a hierarchical exposure, which involved systematically increasing the desired response with the food item. Level of food consumption was evaluated using a combined multiple baseline plus changing criterion design. Following intervention, all participants accepted all foods targeted, expanding upon the number of foods consumed. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3160-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=315
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 47-8 (August 2017) . - p.2471-2479[article] Using Shaping to Increase Foods Consumed by Children with Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Abby HODGES, Auteur ; Tonya N. DAVIS, Auteur ; Madison CRANDALL, Auteur ; Laura PHIPPS, Auteur ; Regan WESTON, Auteur . - p.2471-2479.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 47-8 (August 2017) . - p.2471-2479
Mots-clés : Inflexibility Food refusal Shaping Food variety Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The current study used differential reinforcement and shaping to increase the variety of foods accepted by children with autism who demonstrated significant feeding inflexibility. Participants were introduced to four new food items via a hierarchical exposure, which involved systematically increasing the desired response with the food item. Level of food consumption was evaluated using a combined multiple baseline plus changing criterion design. Following intervention, all participants accepted all foods targeted, expanding upon the number of foods consumed. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3160-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=315 Cognitive defusion for reducing distressing thoughts in adults with autism / Max E. MAISEL in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 59 (March 2019)
[article]
Titre : Cognitive defusion for reducing distressing thoughts in adults with autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Max E. MAISEL, Auteur ; Kevin G. STEPHENSON, Auteur ; Jonathan C. COX, Auteur ; Mikle SOUTH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.34-45 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Inflexibility Cognitive fusion Anxiety Depression Acceptance and commitment therapy Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Cognitive fusion occurs when people over-identify with their thoughts, leading to a strong emotional response and a narrowed behavioral repertoire. Cognitive defusion (CD) is a technique used in acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) to teach people how to pay attention to the process of thinking, thereby reducing the negative effect of over-identification and allowing people to behave in more adaptive ways. CD has been widely studied in neurotypical (NT) samples, but there is little research on cognitive fusion and related interventions for people diagnosed with autism (AS). Method Sixty-eight adult participants (AS group n?=?27; NT group n?=?41) answered questionnaires measuring psychological distress and dispositional levels of cognitive fusion. In a lab setting, participants next identified a personal distressing thought, then were randomized into a brief (5-minute) cognitive defusion technique or an equally-brief active distraction technique. Before and after the intervention, participants completed measures assessing the believability of their distressing thought and how much discomfort the thought caused. Results The AS group reported higher overall trait levels of cognitive fusion than the NT group. Cognitive fusion was moderately- to strongly-related with psychological distress in both participant groups. The brief interventions worked equally well in immediately reducing thought believability and thought discomfort for AS and NT groups. Conclusions The current study provides support for cognitive fusion as a contributing factor to the psychological distress experienced by people with AS, and that a brief intervention technique can effectively reduce fusion at least in an immediate context. More work is needed to explore the specific short-term and long-term efficacy for interventions aimed to reduce cognitive fusion. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2018.12.005 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=379
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 59 (March 2019) . - p.34-45[article] Cognitive defusion for reducing distressing thoughts in adults with autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Max E. MAISEL, Auteur ; Kevin G. STEPHENSON, Auteur ; Jonathan C. COX, Auteur ; Mikle SOUTH, Auteur . - p.34-45.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 59 (March 2019) . - p.34-45
Mots-clés : Autism Inflexibility Cognitive fusion Anxiety Depression Acceptance and commitment therapy Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Cognitive fusion occurs when people over-identify with their thoughts, leading to a strong emotional response and a narrowed behavioral repertoire. Cognitive defusion (CD) is a technique used in acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) to teach people how to pay attention to the process of thinking, thereby reducing the negative effect of over-identification and allowing people to behave in more adaptive ways. CD has been widely studied in neurotypical (NT) samples, but there is little research on cognitive fusion and related interventions for people diagnosed with autism (AS). Method Sixty-eight adult participants (AS group n?=?27; NT group n?=?41) answered questionnaires measuring psychological distress and dispositional levels of cognitive fusion. In a lab setting, participants next identified a personal distressing thought, then were randomized into a brief (5-minute) cognitive defusion technique or an equally-brief active distraction technique. Before and after the intervention, participants completed measures assessing the believability of their distressing thought and how much discomfort the thought caused. Results The AS group reported higher overall trait levels of cognitive fusion than the NT group. Cognitive fusion was moderately- to strongly-related with psychological distress in both participant groups. The brief interventions worked equally well in immediately reducing thought believability and thought discomfort for AS and NT groups. Conclusions The current study provides support for cognitive fusion as a contributing factor to the psychological distress experienced by people with AS, and that a brief intervention technique can effectively reduce fusion at least in an immediate context. More work is needed to explore the specific short-term and long-term efficacy for interventions aimed to reduce cognitive fusion. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2018.12.005 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=379