Dépouillements

Characteristics of adults with autism spectrum disorder who use residential services and supports through adult developmental disability services in the United States / Amy S. HEWITT in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 34 (February 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 34 (February 2017) . - p.1-9 Titre : Characteristics of adults with autism spectrum disorder who use residential services and supports through adult developmental disability services in the United States Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Amy S. HEWITT, Auteur ; Roger J. STANCLIFFE, Auteur ; Jennifer HALL-LANDE, Auteur ; Derek NORD, Auteur ; Sandra L. PETTINGELL, Auteur ; Kristin HAMRE, Auteur ; Libby HALLAS-MUCHOW, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1-9 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Intellectual disabilities  ID  Autism  Residential services  ASD  Community living  National Core Indicators Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : AbstractBackground Many children and adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) need services and support across their lifespans. Currently many residential and community living supports are delivered through state intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) service systems. Method A random sample of 11,947 individual users of adult IDD services from 25 states that included 1,459 individuals with an autism diagnosis was analyzed for this study looking at demographic characteristics and living arrangements. Comparisons were made between adults with and without ASD who receive services through the IDD service system. Results Overall, individuals with an ASD diagnosis were younger on average, had a higher percentage of males, and had higher percentages of the No Intellectual Disabilities (ID) and Severe ID categories compared to individuals without an ASD diagnosis. There was a significant association between the type of living arrangement and ASD status with a higher percentage of participants with ASD living in a family member’s home, but a lower percentage of people with ASD living in agency apartments, in their own home or an “other” living arrangement. However, with age, gender, and level of ID and challenging behavior taken into account, people with ASD had 29% higher odds of living in a family member’s home but 42% lower odds of living in their own home when compared to people with other developmental disabilities who received residential services through state IDD service systems. Conclusions There are key differences in access and utilization of residential services between people with ASD and people without ASD. While state developmental disabilities systems are serving individuals with ASD there are potential influences of state policies regarding ASD eligibility for various residential services. Implications for future research are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2016.11.007 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298 [article] Characteristics of adults with autism spectrum disorder who use residential services and supports through adult developmental disability services in the United States [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Amy S. HEWITT, Auteur ; Roger J. STANCLIFFE, Auteur ; Jennifer HALL-LANDE, Auteur ; Derek NORD, Auteur ; Sandra L. PETTINGELL, Auteur ; Kristin HAMRE, Auteur ; Libby HALLAS-MUCHOW, Auteur . - p.1-9. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 34 (February 2017) . - p.1-9 Mots-clés : Intellectual disabilities  ID  Autism  Residential services  ASD  Community living  National Core Indicators Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : AbstractBackground Many children and adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) need services and support across their lifespans. Currently many residential and community living supports are delivered through state intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) service systems. Method A random sample of 11,947 individual users of adult IDD services from 25 states that included 1,459 individuals with an autism diagnosis was analyzed for this study looking at demographic characteristics and living arrangements. Comparisons were made between adults with and without ASD who receive services through the IDD service system. Results Overall, individuals with an ASD diagnosis were younger on average, had a higher percentage of males, and had higher percentages of the No Intellectual Disabilities (ID) and Severe ID categories compared to individuals without an ASD diagnosis. There was a significant association between the type of living arrangement and ASD status with a higher percentage of participants with ASD living in a family member’s home, but a lower percentage of people with ASD living in agency apartments, in their own home or an “other” living arrangement. However, with age, gender, and level of ID and challenging behavior taken into account, people with ASD had 29% higher odds of living in a family member’s home but 42% lower odds of living in their own home when compared to people with other developmental disabilities who received residential services through state IDD service systems. Conclusions There are key differences in access and utilization of residential services between people with ASD and people without ASD. While state developmental disabilities systems are serving individuals with ASD there are potential influences of state policies regarding ASD eligibility for various residential services. Implications for future research are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2016.11.007 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298

Poor sleep quality is associated with discordant peer relationships among adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder / Janice N. PHUNG in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 34 (February 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 34 (February 2017) . - p.10-18 Titre : Poor sleep quality is associated with discordant peer relationships among adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Janice N. PHUNG, Auteur ; Wendy A. GOLDBERG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.10-18 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ASD  Adolescents  Sleep quality  Daytime sleepiness  Peer relationships Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : AbstractBackground Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) experience impairments in social communication, and these deficits often make it difficult to form and maintain friendships with peers. Poor sleep quality and daytime sleepiness are common among adolescents with ASD, and consequences of poor sleep may make social interactions difficult. Connections between sleep quality and social relationships in ASD samples have been understudied; the current study addresses this gap. Method Participants were community samples of 19 adolescents with ASD and 10 neurotypical (NT) adolescents. Adolescents completed questionnaires about closeness and discord in relationships with a same-gender peer, and they reported on sleep-wake problems, daytime sleepiness, and internalizing problems. Adolescents also wore an actigraph for 7-nights. Results Pearson correlations revealed significant associations between adolescents’ reports of sleep problems and discordant peer relationships; more sleep-wake problems and more daytime sleepiness were associated with more discord with peers in the sample with ASD, but not in the NT sample. The closeness aspect of peer relationships was not significantly associated with sleep quality. Internalizing problems did not mediate between sleep quality and discordant relationships. Conclusions Adolescents’ reports of more sleep problems and daytime sleepiness, but not actigraph indicators of sleep quality, were directly associated with discordant peer relationships. Adolescents who are already challenged in social interactions due to ASD may be especially vulnerable to intense negativity in peer relationships when they also experience poorer nighttime sleep and more daytime sleepiness. NT adolescents may be better able to regulate social interactions despite poor sleep and feeling tired. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2016.11.008 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298 [article] Poor sleep quality is associated with discordant peer relationships among adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Janice N. PHUNG, Auteur ; Wendy A. GOLDBERG, Auteur . - p.10-18. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 34 (February 2017) . - p.10-18 Mots-clés : ASD  Adolescents  Sleep quality  Daytime sleepiness  Peer relationships Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : AbstractBackground Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) experience impairments in social communication, and these deficits often make it difficult to form and maintain friendships with peers. Poor sleep quality and daytime sleepiness are common among adolescents with ASD, and consequences of poor sleep may make social interactions difficult. Connections between sleep quality and social relationships in ASD samples have been understudied; the current study addresses this gap. Method Participants were community samples of 19 adolescents with ASD and 10 neurotypical (NT) adolescents. Adolescents completed questionnaires about closeness and discord in relationships with a same-gender peer, and they reported on sleep-wake problems, daytime sleepiness, and internalizing problems. Adolescents also wore an actigraph for 7-nights. Results Pearson correlations revealed significant associations between adolescents’ reports of sleep problems and discordant peer relationships; more sleep-wake problems and more daytime sleepiness were associated with more discord with peers in the sample with ASD, but not in the NT sample. The closeness aspect of peer relationships was not significantly associated with sleep quality. Internalizing problems did not mediate between sleep quality and discordant relationships. Conclusions Adolescents’ reports of more sleep problems and daytime sleepiness, but not actigraph indicators of sleep quality, were directly associated with discordant peer relationships. Adolescents who are already challenged in social interactions due to ASD may be especially vulnerable to intense negativity in peer relationships when they also experience poorer nighttime sleep and more daytime sleepiness. NT adolescents may be better able to regulate social interactions despite poor sleep and feeling tired. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2016.11.008 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298

Thankful thinking: A thematic analysis of gratitude letters by mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder / Lisa TIMMONS in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 34 (February 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 34 (February 2017) . - p.19-27 Titre : Thankful thinking: A thematic analysis of gratitude letters by mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lisa TIMMONS, Auteur ; Naomi V. EKAS, Auteur ; Patricia JOHNSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.19-27 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Gratitude  Positive psychology  Parents  Qualitative Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : AbstractBackground Mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) commonly report elevated levels of stress and psychopathology compared to mothers of typically developing children. However, there is an expanding area of research which focuses on factors that promote positive adaptation among mothers of children with ASD. Gratitude is one factor associated with positive outcomes in the general population and may therefore, also be associated with positive outcomes for mothers of children with ASD. Method In this qualitative study, mothers of children with ASD were divided into two groups and instructed to write letters of gratitude to either someone besides their child (general gratitude) or their child (child gratitude). Coding and thematic analysis of their narratives was conducted using ATLAS.ti computer software. Results Prominent themes for mothers in the general gratitude group included sources of social support, characteristics of close personal relationships, inspirational others, and other positive attributes of individuals, such as being kind-hearted. Whereas, in the child gratitude group, emergent themes were the child with ASD making progress, the child’s personality, inspiration, and shared experiences. Conclusions Findings from this study suggest that mothers are able to identify and express gratitude for beneficial aspects of their lives. These findings have important implications for the understanding of the experience of parenting a child with ASD and may also serve to inform development of interventions to promote well-being in families of children with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2016.11.009 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298 [article] Thankful thinking: A thematic analysis of gratitude letters by mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lisa TIMMONS, Auteur ; Naomi V. EKAS, Auteur ; Patricia JOHNSON, Auteur . - p.19-27. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 34 (February 2017) . - p.19-27 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Gratitude  Positive psychology  Parents  Qualitative Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : AbstractBackground Mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) commonly report elevated levels of stress and psychopathology compared to mothers of typically developing children. However, there is an expanding area of research which focuses on factors that promote positive adaptation among mothers of children with ASD. Gratitude is one factor associated with positive outcomes in the general population and may therefore, also be associated with positive outcomes for mothers of children with ASD. Method In this qualitative study, mothers of children with ASD were divided into two groups and instructed to write letters of gratitude to either someone besides their child (general gratitude) or their child (child gratitude). Coding and thematic analysis of their narratives was conducted using ATLAS.ti computer software. Results Prominent themes for mothers in the general gratitude group included sources of social support, characteristics of close personal relationships, inspirational others, and other positive attributes of individuals, such as being kind-hearted. Whereas, in the child gratitude group, emergent themes were the child with ASD making progress, the child’s personality, inspiration, and shared experiences. Conclusions Findings from this study suggest that mothers are able to identify and express gratitude for beneficial aspects of their lives. These findings have important implications for the understanding of the experience of parenting a child with ASD and may also serve to inform development of interventions to promote well-being in families of children with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2016.11.009 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298

Autism spectrum disorders: Neuroimaging findings from systematic reviews / Emmanuel Peng Kiat PUA in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 34 (February 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 34 (February 2017) . - p.28-33 Titre : Autism spectrum disorders: Neuroimaging findings from systematic reviews Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Emmanuel Peng Kiat PUA, Auteur ; Stephen C. BOWDEN, Auteur ; Marc L. SEAL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.28-33 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorders  Brain structure  Brain function  Brain connectivity  Neuroimaging  Magnetic resonance imaging Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are a cluster of neurodevelopmental conditions associated with core deficits in social communication, social interaction, and restricted and repetitive behaviours. Current evidence suggests a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors that underlie the heterogeneity of neuroanatomy and clinical symptomatology of ASD across a spectrum. Although abnormalities in brain structure and function have been implicated in the neurodevelopmental trajectory of ASD, the search for definitive neuroimaging markers remains obscured by inconsistent or incompatible findings. Specifically, discrepancies between independent studies impede reliable identification of the nature and form of atypical alterations in grey-matter structural morphometry and intrinsic functional networks in ASD. This review aims to illustrate the heterogeneity in ASD neuroimaging literature by comparing systematic reviews and meta-analyses of neuroimaging investigations in ASD over the last several decades, with particular emphasis on structural morphometry, structural connectivity and resting-state intrinsic connectivity techniques. Given the unique challenges in ASD research, standardized methodologies to validate potential neuroimaging markers will be an important step towards advancing clinical and research methods to investigate complex aetiological mechanisms and risk factors underlying ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2016.11.005 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298 [article] Autism spectrum disorders: Neuroimaging findings from systematic reviews [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Emmanuel Peng Kiat PUA, Auteur ; Stephen C. BOWDEN, Auteur ; Marc L. SEAL, Auteur . - p.28-33. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 34 (February 2017) . - p.28-33 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorders  Brain structure  Brain function  Brain connectivity  Neuroimaging  Magnetic resonance imaging Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are a cluster of neurodevelopmental conditions associated with core deficits in social communication, social interaction, and restricted and repetitive behaviours. Current evidence suggests a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors that underlie the heterogeneity of neuroanatomy and clinical symptomatology of ASD across a spectrum. Although abnormalities in brain structure and function have been implicated in the neurodevelopmental trajectory of ASD, the search for definitive neuroimaging markers remains obscured by inconsistent or incompatible findings. Specifically, discrepancies between independent studies impede reliable identification of the nature and form of atypical alterations in grey-matter structural morphometry and intrinsic functional networks in ASD. This review aims to illustrate the heterogeneity in ASD neuroimaging literature by comparing systematic reviews and meta-analyses of neuroimaging investigations in ASD over the last several decades, with particular emphasis on structural morphometry, structural connectivity and resting-state intrinsic connectivity techniques. Given the unique challenges in ASD research, standardized methodologies to validate potential neuroimaging markers will be an important step towards advancing clinical and research methods to investigate complex aetiological mechanisms and risk factors underlying ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2016.11.005 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298

Diagnostic utility of the autism diagnostic observation schedule in a clinical sample of adolescents and adults / Anika LANGMANN in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 34 (February 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 34 (February 2017) . - p.34-43 Titre : Diagnostic utility of the autism diagnostic observation schedule in a clinical sample of adolescents and adults Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Anika LANGMANN, Auteur ; Joachim BECKER, Auteur ; Luise POUSTKA, Auteur ; Katja BECKER, Auteur ; Inge KAMP-BECKER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.34-43 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder  Autism in adults  Autism in women  ADOS  Sensitivity  Specificity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : AbstractBackground The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) Module 4 was investigated in an independent clinical sample of highfunctioning adolescent and adult males and females with suspected autism spectrum disorder. Special attention was paid to the performance of the ADOS in the subgroups autism spectrum disorders (ASD), personality disorders and disorders with onset usually occurring in childhood and adolescence. Method The recently revised algorithm and severity scores for Module 4 were used to analyze predictive values compared to the original algorithm in a sample of N = 356, 21% females, age range 12–68 yrs. Results Both algorithms have good sensitivity and specificity, with slightly better results for the revised algorithm. Diagnostic accuracy is lower for females, older individuals, and individuals with personality disorders or higher intellectual abilities. Conclusion The revised algorithm has good utility when used as part of a comprehensive assessment procedure conducted by an experienced examiner and including information on developmental history. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2016.11.012 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298 [article] Diagnostic utility of the autism diagnostic observation schedule in a clinical sample of adolescents and adults [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Anika LANGMANN, Auteur ; Joachim BECKER, Auteur ; Luise POUSTKA, Auteur ; Katja BECKER, Auteur ; Inge KAMP-BECKER, Auteur . - p.34-43. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 34 (February 2017) . - p.34-43 Mots-clés : Diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder  Autism in adults  Autism in women  ADOS  Sensitivity  Specificity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : AbstractBackground The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) Module 4 was investigated in an independent clinical sample of highfunctioning adolescent and adult males and females with suspected autism spectrum disorder. Special attention was paid to the performance of the ADOS in the subgroups autism spectrum disorders (ASD), personality disorders and disorders with onset usually occurring in childhood and adolescence. Method The recently revised algorithm and severity scores for Module 4 were used to analyze predictive values compared to the original algorithm in a sample of N = 356, 21% females, age range 12–68 yrs. Results Both algorithms have good sensitivity and specificity, with slightly better results for the revised algorithm. Diagnostic accuracy is lower for females, older individuals, and individuals with personality disorders or higher intellectual abilities. Conclusion The revised algorithm has good utility when used as part of a comprehensive assessment procedure conducted by an experienced examiner and including information on developmental history. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2016.11.012 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298

Relationship between brain stem volume and aggression in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder / Rebecca A. LUNDWALL in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 34 (February 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 34 (February 2017) . - p.44-51 Titre : Relationship between brain stem volume and aggression in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Rebecca A. LUNDWALL, Auteur ; Kevin G. STEPHENSON, Auteur ; E. Shannon NEELEY-TASS, Auteur ; Jonathan C. COX, Auteur ; Mikle SOUTH, Auteur ; Erin D. BIGLER, Auteur ; Emily I. ANDERBERG, Auteur ; Molly D. PRIGGE, Auteur ; Blake D. HANSEN, Auteur ; Janet E. LAINHART, Auteur ; Ryan O. KELLEMS, Auteur ; Jo Ann PETRIE, Auteur ; Terisa P. GABRIELSEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.44-51 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Aggression  Imaging  Brainstem  Structural MRI Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : AbstractBackground Aggressive behaviors are common in individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and may be phenotypic indicators of different subtypes within ASD. In current research literature for non-ASD samples, aggression has been linked to several brain structures associated with emotion and behavioral control. However, few if any studies exist investigating brain volume differences in individuals with ASD who have comorbid aggression as indicated by standardized diagnostic and behavioral measures. Method We examined neuroimaging data from individuals rigorously diagnosed with ASD versus typically developing (TD) controls. We began with data from brain volume regions of interest (ROI) taken from previous literature on aggression including the brainstem, amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. We defined aggression status using the Irritability subscale of the Aberrant Behavior Checklist and used lasso logistic regression to select among these predictor variables. Brainstem volume was the only variable shown to be a predictor of aggression status. Results We found that smaller brainstem volumes are associated with higher odds of being in the high aggression group. Conclusions Understanding brain differences in individuals with ASD who engage in aggressive behavior from those with ASD who do not can inform treatment approaches. Future research should investigate brainstem structure and function in ASD to identify possible mechanisms related to arousal and aggression. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2016.12.001 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298 [article] Relationship between brain stem volume and aggression in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Rebecca A. LUNDWALL, Auteur ; Kevin G. STEPHENSON, Auteur ; E. Shannon NEELEY-TASS, Auteur ; Jonathan C. COX, Auteur ; Mikle SOUTH, Auteur ; Erin D. BIGLER, Auteur ; Emily I. ANDERBERG, Auteur ; Molly D. PRIGGE, Auteur ; Blake D. HANSEN, Auteur ; Janet E. LAINHART, Auteur ; Ryan O. KELLEMS, Auteur ; Jo Ann PETRIE, Auteur ; Terisa P. GABRIELSEN, Auteur . - p.44-51. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 34 (February 2017) . - p.44-51 Mots-clés : Autism  Aggression  Imaging  Brainstem  Structural MRI Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : AbstractBackground Aggressive behaviors are common in individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and may be phenotypic indicators of different subtypes within ASD. In current research literature for non-ASD samples, aggression has been linked to several brain structures associated with emotion and behavioral control. However, few if any studies exist investigating brain volume differences in individuals with ASD who have comorbid aggression as indicated by standardized diagnostic and behavioral measures. Method We examined neuroimaging data from individuals rigorously diagnosed with ASD versus typically developing (TD) controls. We began with data from brain volume regions of interest (ROI) taken from previous literature on aggression including the brainstem, amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. We defined aggression status using the Irritability subscale of the Aberrant Behavior Checklist and used lasso logistic regression to select among these predictor variables. Brainstem volume was the only variable shown to be a predictor of aggression status. Results We found that smaller brainstem volumes are associated with higher odds of being in the high aggression group. Conclusions Understanding brain differences in individuals with ASD who engage in aggressive behavior from those with ASD who do not can inform treatment approaches. Future research should investigate brainstem structure and function in ASD to identify possible mechanisms related to arousal and aggression. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2016.12.001 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298

Diminished sensitivity and specificity at recognising facial emotional expressions of varying intensity underlie emotion-specific recognition deficits in autism spectrum disorders / Tanja S. H. WINGENBACH in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 34 (February 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 34 (February 2017) . - p.52-61 Titre : Diminished sensitivity and specificity at recognising facial emotional expressions of varying intensity underlie emotion-specific recognition deficits in autism spectrum disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Tanja S. H. WINGENBACH, Auteur ; Chris ASHWIN, Auteur ; Mark BROSNAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.52-61 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Facial emotion recognition  ASD  Subtle expressions  Varying expression intensity  Sensitivity  Error analysis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : AbstractBackground A plethora of research on facial emotion recognition in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) exists and reported deficits in ASD compared to controls, particularly for negative basic emotions. However, these studies have largely used static high intensity stimuli. The current study investigated facial emotion recognition across three levels of expression intensity from videos, looking at accuracy rates to investigate impairments in facial emotion recognition and error patterns (’confusions’) to explore potential underlying factors. Method Twelve individuals with ASD (9?M/3F;?M(age) = 17.3) and 12 matched controls (9?M/3F;?M(age) = 16.9) completed a facial emotion recognition task including 9 emotion categories (anger, disgust, fear, sadness, surprise, happiness, contempt, embarrassment, pride) and neutral, each expressed by 12 encoders at low, intermediate, and high intensity. Results A facial emotion recognition deficit was found overall for the ASD group compared to controls, as well as deficits in recognising individual negative emotions at varying expression intensities. Compared to controls, the ASD group showed significantly more, albeit typical, confusions between emotion categories (at high intensity), and significantly more confusions of emotions as ‘neutral’ (at low intensity). Conclusions The facial emotion recognition deficits identified in ASD, particularly for negative emotions, are in line with previous studies using other types of stimuli. Error analysis showed that individuals with ASD had difficulties detecting emotional information in the face (sensitivity) at low intensity, and correctly identifying emotional information (specificity) at high intensity. These results suggest different underlying mechanisms for the facial emotion recognition deficits at low vs high expression intensity. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2016.11.003 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298 [article] Diminished sensitivity and specificity at recognising facial emotional expressions of varying intensity underlie emotion-specific recognition deficits in autism spectrum disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Tanja S. H. WINGENBACH, Auteur ; Chris ASHWIN, Auteur ; Mark BROSNAN, Auteur . - p.52-61. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 34 (February 2017) . - p.52-61 Mots-clés : Facial emotion recognition  ASD  Subtle expressions  Varying expression intensity  Sensitivity  Error analysis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : AbstractBackground A plethora of research on facial emotion recognition in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) exists and reported deficits in ASD compared to controls, particularly for negative basic emotions. However, these studies have largely used static high intensity stimuli. The current study investigated facial emotion recognition across three levels of expression intensity from videos, looking at accuracy rates to investigate impairments in facial emotion recognition and error patterns (’confusions’) to explore potential underlying factors. Method Twelve individuals with ASD (9?M/3F;?M(age) = 17.3) and 12 matched controls (9?M/3F;?M(age) = 16.9) completed a facial emotion recognition task including 9 emotion categories (anger, disgust, fear, sadness, surprise, happiness, contempt, embarrassment, pride) and neutral, each expressed by 12 encoders at low, intermediate, and high intensity. Results A facial emotion recognition deficit was found overall for the ASD group compared to controls, as well as deficits in recognising individual negative emotions at varying expression intensities. Compared to controls, the ASD group showed significantly more, albeit typical, confusions between emotion categories (at high intensity), and significantly more confusions of emotions as ‘neutral’ (at low intensity). Conclusions The facial emotion recognition deficits identified in ASD, particularly for negative emotions, are in line with previous studies using other types of stimuli. Error analysis showed that individuals with ASD had difficulties detecting emotional information in the face (sensitivity) at low intensity, and correctly identifying emotional information (specificity) at high intensity. These results suggest different underlying mechanisms for the facial emotion recognition deficits at low vs high expression intensity. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2016.11.003 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298