Autism symptoms in anorexia nervosa: a comparative study with females with autism spectrum disorder / J. KERR-GAFFNEY in Molecular Autism, 12 (2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 12 (2021) . - 47 p. Titre : Autism symptoms in anorexia nervosa: a comparative study with females with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : J. KERR-GAFFNEY, Auteur ; H. HAYWARD, Auteur ; E. J. H. JONES, Auteur ; D. HALLS, Auteur ; D. MURPHY, Auteur ; K. TCHANTURIA, Auteur Article en page(s) : 47 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Anorexia nervosa  Autism diagnostic observation schedule  Autism spectrum disorder  Comorbidity  Diagnosis  Screening Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Recent research suggests a link between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and anorexia nervosa (AN). Individuals with AN show high scores on measures of ASD symptoms, relative to individuals without AN, however, there are currently no studies directly comparing women with AN to women with ASD. The aim of the current study was to examine profiles of ASD symptoms in young women in the acute and recovered stages of AN, women with ASD, and typically developing controls (TD), on both self-report and clinical interview measures. METHODS: Four groups of participants aged 12-30 years were included (n?=?218): AN, recovered AN (REC), ASD, and TD. Group differences on the Social Responsiveness Scale, 2nd edition (SRS-2), 10-item Autism Quotient (AQ-10), and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, 2nd edition (ADOS-2) were examined. To explore similarities and differences in specific symptom profiles associated with AN and ASD, individual item endorsement on the ADOS-2 was also examined in AN, REC, and ASD. RESULTS: Across measures, women with ASD showed the highest scores, and TDs the lowest. Generally, individuals with AN and REC showed intermediate levels of ASD symptoms, scoring between the other two groups. However, AN and ASD did not differ on restricted interests and repetitive behaviour subscales. The ADOS-2 item 'quality of social response' adequately discriminated between ASD and non-ASD participants. LIMITATIONS: A full diagnostic assessment for ASD was not provided for participants with AN/REC, nor were eating disorders assessed in the ASD group. Therefore, some diagnostic overlap between groups is possible. The cross-sectional design is another limitation. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest similarities in scores on both self-report and clinical interview measures in AN and ASD. However, individual ADOS-2 item analyses also revealed subtle differences, particularly in reciprocal social interaction. ASD symptoms may be a combination of both state and trait features in AN. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-021-00455-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=459 [article] Autism symptoms in anorexia nervosa: a comparative study with females with autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / J. KERR-GAFFNEY, Auteur ; H. HAYWARD, Auteur ; E. J. H. JONES, Auteur ; D. HALLS, Auteur ; D. MURPHY, Auteur ; K. TCHANTURIA, Auteur . - 47 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 12 (2021) . - 47 p. Mots-clés : Anorexia nervosa  Autism diagnostic observation schedule  Autism spectrum disorder  Comorbidity  Diagnosis  Screening Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Recent research suggests a link between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and anorexia nervosa (AN). Individuals with AN show high scores on measures of ASD symptoms, relative to individuals without AN, however, there are currently no studies directly comparing women with AN to women with ASD. The aim of the current study was to examine profiles of ASD symptoms in young women in the acute and recovered stages of AN, women with ASD, and typically developing controls (TD), on both self-report and clinical interview measures. METHODS: Four groups of participants aged 12-30 years were included (n?=?218): AN, recovered AN (REC), ASD, and TD. Group differences on the Social Responsiveness Scale, 2nd edition (SRS-2), 10-item Autism Quotient (AQ-10), and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, 2nd edition (ADOS-2) were examined. To explore similarities and differences in specific symptom profiles associated with AN and ASD, individual item endorsement on the ADOS-2 was also examined in AN, REC, and ASD. RESULTS: Across measures, women with ASD showed the highest scores, and TDs the lowest. Generally, individuals with AN and REC showed intermediate levels of ASD symptoms, scoring between the other two groups. However, AN and ASD did not differ on restricted interests and repetitive behaviour subscales. The ADOS-2 item 'quality of social response' adequately discriminated between ASD and non-ASD participants. LIMITATIONS: A full diagnostic assessment for ASD was not provided for participants with AN/REC, nor were eating disorders assessed in the ASD group. Therefore, some diagnostic overlap between groups is possible. The cross-sectional design is another limitation. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest similarities in scores on both self-report and clinical interview measures in AN and ASD. However, individual ADOS-2 item analyses also revealed subtle differences, particularly in reciprocal social interaction. ASD symptoms may be a combination of both state and trait features in AN. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-021-00455-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=459

Autistic Traits Mediate Reductions in Social Attention in Adults with Anorexia Nervosa / J. KERR-GAFFNEY in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51-6 (June 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 51-6 (June 2021) . - p.2077-2090 Titre : Autistic Traits Mediate Reductions in Social Attention in Adults with Anorexia Nervosa Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : J. KERR-GAFFNEY, Auteur ; L. MASON, Auteur ; E. JONES, Auteur ; H. HAYWARD, Auteur ; A. HARRISON, Auteur ; D. MURPHY, Auteur ; K. TCHANTURIA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2077-2090 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult  Affective Symptoms/psychology  Anorexia Nervosa/psychology  Anxiety/psychology  Attention  Autistic Disorder/psychology  Depression/psychology  Emotions  Eye Movements  Facial Recognition  Female  Humans  Male  Self Report  Time Factors  Young Adult  Anorexia nervosa  Autism spectrum disorder  Comorbidity  Eye-tracking  Social attention Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Anorexia nervosa (AN) is associated with difficulties in social and emotional functioning. A significant proportion of individuals with AN show autistic traits, which may influence social attention. This study examined attention to faces and facial features in AN, recovered AN (REC), and healthy controls, as well as relationships with comorbid psychopathology. One hundred and forty-eight participants' eye movements were tracked while watching a naturalistic social scene. Anxiety, depression, alexithymia, and autistic traits were assessed via self-report questionnaires. Participants with AN spent significantly less time looking at faces compared to REC and controls; patterns of attention to individual facial features did not differ across groups. Autistic traits mediated the relationship between group and time spent looking at faces. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04686-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=452 [article] Autistic Traits Mediate Reductions in Social Attention in Adults with Anorexia Nervosa [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / J. KERR-GAFFNEY, Auteur ; L. MASON, Auteur ; E. JONES, Auteur ; H. HAYWARD, Auteur ; A. HARRISON, Auteur ; D. MURPHY, Auteur ; K. TCHANTURIA, Auteur . - p.2077-2090. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 51-6 (June 2021) . - p.2077-2090 Mots-clés : Adult  Affective Symptoms/psychology  Anorexia Nervosa/psychology  Anxiety/psychology  Attention  Autistic Disorder/psychology  Depression/psychology  Emotions  Eye Movements  Facial Recognition  Female  Humans  Male  Self Report  Time Factors  Young Adult  Anorexia nervosa  Autism spectrum disorder  Comorbidity  Eye-tracking  Social attention Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Anorexia nervosa (AN) is associated with difficulties in social and emotional functioning. A significant proportion of individuals with AN show autistic traits, which may influence social attention. This study examined attention to faces and facial features in AN, recovered AN (REC), and healthy controls, as well as relationships with comorbid psychopathology. One hundred and forty-eight participants' eye movements were tracked while watching a naturalistic social scene. Anxiety, depression, alexithymia, and autistic traits were assessed via self-report questionnaires. Participants with AN spent significantly less time looking at faces compared to REC and controls; patterns of attention to individual facial features did not differ across groups. Autistic traits mediated the relationship between group and time spent looking at faces. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04686-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=452

Characteristics of autism spectrum disorder in anorexia nervosa: A naturalistic study in an inpatient treatment programme / K. TCHANTURIA in Autism, 23-1 (January 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 23-1 (January 2019) . - p.123-130 Titre : Characteristics of autism spectrum disorder in anorexia nervosa: A naturalistic study in an inpatient treatment programme Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : K. TCHANTURIA, Auteur ; J. ADAMSON, Auteur ; J. LEPPANEN, Auteur ; H. WESTWOOD, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.123-130 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : anorexia nervosa  autism spectrum disorder  Autism Spectrum Quotient  short version  eating disorder  eating-disorders  cognitive remediation  anxiety disorders  social-adjustment  traits  quotient  work  comorbidity  impairment  overlap  Psychology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous research has demonstrated links between anorexia nervosa and autism spectrum disorder however, few studies have examined the possible impact of symptoms of autism spectrum disorder on clinical outcomes in anorexia nervosa. The aim of this study was to examine the association between symptoms of autism spectrum disorder and eating disorders, and other psychopathology during the course of inpatient treatment in individuals with anorexia nervosa. Participants with anorexia nervosa (n = 171) completed questionnaires exploring eating disorder psychopathology, symptoms of depression and anxiety, and everyday functioning at both admission and discharge. Characteristics associated with autism spectrum disorder were assessed using the Autism Spectrum Quotient, short version. Autism spectrum disorder symptoms were significantly positively correlated with eating disorder psychopathology, work and social functioning, and symptoms of depression and anxiety, but not with body mass index. Autism Spectrum Quotient, short version scores remained relatively stable from admission to discharge but there was a small, significant reduction in scores. There was no interaction between time and Autism Spectrum Quotient, short version scores on clinical symptom change. In anorexia nervosa, autism spectrum disorder symptoms appear to be associated with a more severe clinical presentation on admission to inpatient care. Autism spectrum disorder symptoms as assessed by self-report measures may be exacerbated by other mental health psychopathology, which warrants further investigation. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361317722431 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=379 [article] Characteristics of autism spectrum disorder in anorexia nervosa: A naturalistic study in an inpatient treatment programme [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / K. TCHANTURIA, Auteur ; J. ADAMSON, Auteur ; J. LEPPANEN, Auteur ; H. WESTWOOD, Auteur . - p.123-130. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 23-1 (January 2019) . - p.123-130 Mots-clés : anorexia nervosa  autism spectrum disorder  Autism Spectrum Quotient  short version  eating disorder  eating-disorders  cognitive remediation  anxiety disorders  social-adjustment  traits  quotient  work  comorbidity  impairment  overlap  Psychology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous research has demonstrated links between anorexia nervosa and autism spectrum disorder however, few studies have examined the possible impact of symptoms of autism spectrum disorder on clinical outcomes in anorexia nervosa. The aim of this study was to examine the association between symptoms of autism spectrum disorder and eating disorders, and other psychopathology during the course of inpatient treatment in individuals with anorexia nervosa. Participants with anorexia nervosa (n = 171) completed questionnaires exploring eating disorder psychopathology, symptoms of depression and anxiety, and everyday functioning at both admission and discharge. Characteristics associated with autism spectrum disorder were assessed using the Autism Spectrum Quotient, short version. Autism spectrum disorder symptoms were significantly positively correlated with eating disorder psychopathology, work and social functioning, and symptoms of depression and anxiety, but not with body mass index. Autism Spectrum Quotient, short version scores remained relatively stable from admission to discharge but there was a small, significant reduction in scores. There was no interaction between time and Autism Spectrum Quotient, short version scores on clinical symptom change. In anorexia nervosa, autism spectrum disorder symptoms appear to be associated with a more severe clinical presentation on admission to inpatient care. Autism spectrum disorder symptoms as assessed by self-report measures may be exacerbated by other mental health psychopathology, which warrants further investigation. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361317722431 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=379

Clinical evaluation of autistic symptoms in women with anorexia nervosa / H. WESTWOOD in Molecular Autism, 8 (2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 8 (2017) . - 12p. Titre : Clinical evaluation of autistic symptoms in women with anorexia nervosa Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : H. WESTWOOD, Auteur ; W. MANDY, Auteur ; K. TCHANTURIA, Auteur Article en page(s) : 12p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult  Affective Symptoms/epidemiology  Anorexia Nervosa/*complications/*psychology  Autism Spectrum Disorder/*diagnosis  Cross-Sectional Studies  Female  Humans  Middle Aged  Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/epidemiology  Psychiatric Status Rating Scales  Self Report  Young Adult  *Ados-2  *Anorexia nervosa  *Autism spectrum disorder  *Eating disorder  *Female autism Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Despite a suggested link between anorexia nervosa (AN) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), previous studies have used self-report or diagnostic criteria to assess for ASD in AN populations, rather than direct observation of symptom characteristic of ASD. The aim of this study was to use a standardised, clinical assessment of ASD, the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, 2nd Edition (ADOS-2), to investigate the presence of autistic symptoms in a cross-sectional sample of women with AN. METHODS: Sixty women were recruited from inpatient or day-patient specialist eating disorder services. Each participant underwent the ADOS-2 assessment and completed a set of self-report questionnaires assessing eating disorder pathology and other psychiatric symptoms. IQ was also assessed. RESULTS: Fourteen women (23.3%) scored above clinical cutoff for ASD on the ADOS-2. Only eight of these women displayed repetitive or restrictive behaviours, while all 14 had difficulties with social affect. Elevated ASD symptoms were associated with increased alexithymia and obsessive-compulsive symptoms, but not specific eating disorder pathology. CONCLUSIONS: ASD symptoms are over-represented in women with severe AN and appear to be associated with other psychiatric symptoms, which warrant further investigation and consideration in treatment. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-017-0128-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=331 [article] Clinical evaluation of autistic symptoms in women with anorexia nervosa [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / H. WESTWOOD, Auteur ; W. MANDY, Auteur ; K. TCHANTURIA, Auteur . - 12p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 8 (2017) . - 12p. Mots-clés : Adult  Affective Symptoms/epidemiology  Anorexia Nervosa/*complications/*psychology  Autism Spectrum Disorder/*diagnosis  Cross-Sectional Studies  Female  Humans  Middle Aged  Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/epidemiology  Psychiatric Status Rating Scales  Self Report  Young Adult  *Ados-2  *Anorexia nervosa  *Autism spectrum disorder  *Eating disorder  *Female autism Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Despite a suggested link between anorexia nervosa (AN) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), previous studies have used self-report or diagnostic criteria to assess for ASD in AN populations, rather than direct observation of symptom characteristic of ASD. The aim of this study was to use a standardised, clinical assessment of ASD, the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, 2nd Edition (ADOS-2), to investigate the presence of autistic symptoms in a cross-sectional sample of women with AN. METHODS: Sixty women were recruited from inpatient or day-patient specialist eating disorder services. Each participant underwent the ADOS-2 assessment and completed a set of self-report questionnaires assessing eating disorder pathology and other psychiatric symptoms. IQ was also assessed. RESULTS: Fourteen women (23.3%) scored above clinical cutoff for ASD on the ADOS-2. Only eight of these women displayed repetitive or restrictive behaviours, while all 14 had difficulties with social affect. Elevated ASD symptoms were associated with increased alexithymia and obsessive-compulsive symptoms, but not specific eating disorder pathology. CONCLUSIONS: ASD symptoms are over-represented in women with severe AN and appear to be associated with other psychiatric symptoms, which warrant further investigation and consideration in treatment. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-017-0128-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=331

The Friendship Questionnaire, autism, and gender differences: a study revisited / F. SEDGEWICK in Molecular Autism, 10 (2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 10 (2019) . - 40 p. Titre : The Friendship Questionnaire, autism, and gender differences: a study revisited Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : F. SEDGEWICK, Auteur ; J. LEPPANEN, Auteur ; K. TCHANTURIA, Auteur Article en page(s) : 40 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Friendship  Gender  Non-binary  Relationship  Social communication Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: The Friendship Questionnaire (FQ) is a widely used measure of friendships in autism research and beyond. This study sought to revisit the original paper where the measure was presented, using a larger sample of both autistic and non-autistic participants to examine gender differences in scoring. It also sought to expand upon the original paper by comparing FQ results to those of the Unidimensional Relationship Closeness Scale (URCS), to examine whether there are differences in how autistic people report on their general friendships in contrast to their most significant relationships. Methods: Participants were recruited for an online study, and 949 people (532 autistic, 417 non-autistic) aged between 18 and 81 took part. Participants completed a demographic questionnaire, the Autism Quotient-28, the Friendship Questionnaire, and the Unidimensional Relationship Closeness Scale. Results: We used robust regressions and Pearson's correlational analyses, conducted in R. Autistic people scored lower than non-autistic people on the FQ, and similar gender differences in the pattern of FQ scores were seen in both groups. There was a significant negative correlation between AQ and FQ scores in both groups. On the URCS, we took the data from those who rated specific close relationships and found that autistic people scored this relationship more highly than non-autistic adults did. There was a significant negative correlation between AQ and URCS scores in both groups. Also, in both groups, there was a significant positive correlation between FQ and URCS scores. Limitations: The data is entirely self-report, and diagnoses could not be verified with a clinician, although AQ scores support self-identification as autistic. Also, the groups were not evenly matched on age and other demographic variables, although this was controlled for in analyses. It is also the case that more autistic than non-autistic people were unable to specify a close relationship to score on the URCS, meaning that a certain set of experiences are not represented in this data. Conclusions: We conclude that our data replicates the core finding of the original FQ paper that autistic people score lower on the FQ. In contrast to that paper, however, we found that there were gender differences among the autistic population. Also, our inclusion of the URCS suggests that the intimate romantic relationships and best-friendships of autistic people can be of similar quality to those of non-autistic people, suggesting that there may be important differences in autistic people's relations with friends in general versus close friends and romantic partners. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-019-0295-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=414 [article] The Friendship Questionnaire, autism, and gender differences: a study revisited [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / F. SEDGEWICK, Auteur ; J. LEPPANEN, Auteur ; K. TCHANTURIA, Auteur . - 40 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 10 (2019) . - 40 p. Mots-clés : Autism  Friendship  Gender  Non-binary  Relationship  Social communication Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: The Friendship Questionnaire (FQ) is a widely used measure of friendships in autism research and beyond. This study sought to revisit the original paper where the measure was presented, using a larger sample of both autistic and non-autistic participants to examine gender differences in scoring. It also sought to expand upon the original paper by comparing FQ results to those of the Unidimensional Relationship Closeness Scale (URCS), to examine whether there are differences in how autistic people report on their general friendships in contrast to their most significant relationships. Methods: Participants were recruited for an online study, and 949 people (532 autistic, 417 non-autistic) aged between 18 and 81 took part. Participants completed a demographic questionnaire, the Autism Quotient-28, the Friendship Questionnaire, and the Unidimensional Relationship Closeness Scale. Results: We used robust regressions and Pearson's correlational analyses, conducted in R. Autistic people scored lower than non-autistic people on the FQ, and similar gender differences in the pattern of FQ scores were seen in both groups. There was a significant negative correlation between AQ and FQ scores in both groups. On the URCS, we took the data from those who rated specific close relationships and found that autistic people scored this relationship more highly than non-autistic adults did. There was a significant negative correlation between AQ and URCS scores in both groups. Also, in both groups, there was a significant positive correlation between FQ and URCS scores. Limitations: The data is entirely self-report, and diagnoses could not be verified with a clinician, although AQ scores support self-identification as autistic. Also, the groups were not evenly matched on age and other demographic variables, although this was controlled for in analyses. It is also the case that more autistic than non-autistic people were unable to specify a close relationship to score on the URCS, meaning that a certain set of experiences are not represented in this data. Conclusions: We conclude that our data replicates the core finding of the original FQ paper that autistic people score lower on the FQ. In contrast to that paper, however, we found that there were gender differences among the autistic population. Also, our inclusion of the URCS suggests that the intimate romantic relationships and best-friendships of autistic people can be of similar quality to those of non-autistic people, suggesting that there may be important differences in autistic people's relations with friends in general versus close friends and romantic partners. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-019-0295-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=414

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