Adults with autism spectrum disorder and the criminal justice system: An investigation of prevalence of contact with the criminal justice system, risk factors and sex differences in a specialist assessment service / Charlotte E. BLACKMORE in Autism, 26-8 (November 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 26-8 (November 2022) . - p.2098-2107 Titre : Adults with autism spectrum disorder and the criminal justice system: An investigation of prevalence of contact with the criminal justice system, risk factors and sex differences in a specialist assessment service Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Charlotte E. BLACKMORE, Auteur ; Emma L. WOODHOUSE, Auteur ; Nicola GILLAN, Auteur ; Ellie WILSON, Auteur ; Karen L. ASHWOOD, Auteur ; Vladimira STOENCHEVA, Auteur ; Alexandra NOLAN, Auteur ; Gráinne M. MCALONAN, Auteur ; Dene ROBERTSON, Auteur ; Susannah WHITWELL, Auteur ; Quinton DEELEY, Auteur ; Michael C. CRAIG, Auteur ; Janneke ZINKSTOK, Auteur ; Rob WICHERS, Auteur ; Debbie SPAIN, Auteur ; Ged ROBERTS, Auteur ; Declan G.M. MURPHY, Auteur ; Clodagh M. MURPHY, Auteur ; Eileen DALY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2098-2107 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult  Humans  Male  Female  Autism Spectrum Disorder/epidemiology  Criminal Law  Prevalence  Sex Characteristics  Risk Factors  autism spectrum disorders  crime  criminal justice system  offending  risk factors  research, authorship and/or publication of this article. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : There has been growing interest in offending and contact with the criminal justice system (CJS) by people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, it is not clear whether people with ASD offend more than those without ASD. Studies have started to look at whether there are particular offences people with ASD are more likely to commit and whether there are any factors that can affect whether someone comes into contact with the CJS as a potential suspect. This study looked at the patients who attended an ASD diagnostic service over a 17-year period to see the rate of contact with the CJS of those who were diagnosed with ASD and whether there were any particular factors that might increase the risk of CJS contact. Nearly a quarter of the ASD group had some contact with the CJS as a potential suspect. Factors that seemed to increase whether someone with ASD was more likely to have contact with the CJS were being male, being diagnosed with ADHD, and being diagnosed with psychosis. This study is one of the largest studies to investigate the rate of CJS contact as a potential suspect in a sample of adults with ASD in an attempt to give a clearer picture of what might influence someone with ASD to engage in offending behaviour in order to try to see what mental health services can offer to reduce the likelihood of someone with ASD coming into contact with the CJS, for example, treatment for another condition or support. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221081343 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=488 [article] Adults with autism spectrum disorder and the criminal justice system: An investigation of prevalence of contact with the criminal justice system, risk factors and sex differences in a specialist assessment service [texte imprimé] / Charlotte E. BLACKMORE, Auteur ; Emma L. WOODHOUSE, Auteur ; Nicola GILLAN, Auteur ; Ellie WILSON, Auteur ; Karen L. ASHWOOD, Auteur ; Vladimira STOENCHEVA, Auteur ; Alexandra NOLAN, Auteur ; Gráinne M. MCALONAN, Auteur ; Dene ROBERTSON, Auteur ; Susannah WHITWELL, Auteur ; Quinton DEELEY, Auteur ; Michael C. CRAIG, Auteur ; Janneke ZINKSTOK, Auteur ; Rob WICHERS, Auteur ; Debbie SPAIN, Auteur ; Ged ROBERTS, Auteur ; Declan G.M. MURPHY, Auteur ; Clodagh M. MURPHY, Auteur ; Eileen DALY, Auteur . - p.2098-2107. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 26-8 (November 2022) . - p.2098-2107 Mots-clés : Adult  Humans  Male  Female  Autism Spectrum Disorder/epidemiology  Criminal Law  Prevalence  Sex Characteristics  Risk Factors  autism spectrum disorders  crime  criminal justice system  offending  risk factors  research, authorship and/or publication of this article. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : There has been growing interest in offending and contact with the criminal justice system (CJS) by people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, it is not clear whether people with ASD offend more than those without ASD. Studies have started to look at whether there are particular offences people with ASD are more likely to commit and whether there are any factors that can affect whether someone comes into contact with the CJS as a potential suspect. This study looked at the patients who attended an ASD diagnostic service over a 17-year period to see the rate of contact with the CJS of those who were diagnosed with ASD and whether there were any particular factors that might increase the risk of CJS contact. Nearly a quarter of the ASD group had some contact with the CJS as a potential suspect. Factors that seemed to increase whether someone with ASD was more likely to have contact with the CJS were being male, being diagnosed with ADHD, and being diagnosed with psychosis. This study is one of the largest studies to investigate the rate of CJS contact as a potential suspect in a sample of adults with ASD in an attempt to give a clearer picture of what might influence someone with ASD to engage in offending behaviour in order to try to see what mental health services can offer to reduce the likelihood of someone with ASD coming into contact with the CJS, for example, treatment for another condition or support. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221081343 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=488

Modulation of atypical brain activation during executive functioning in autism: a pharmacological MRI study of tianeptine / Robert H. WICHERS in Molecular Autism, 12 (2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 12 (2021) . - 14 p. Titre : Modulation of atypical brain activation during executive functioning in autism: a pharmacological MRI study of tianeptine Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Robert H. WICHERS, Auteur ; James L. FINDON, Auteur ; Auke JELSMA, Auteur ; Vincent GIAMPIETRO, Auteur ; Vladimira STOENCHEVA, Auteur ; Debra W. ROBERTSON, Auteur ; Clodagh M. MURPHY, Auteur ; Sarah BLAINEY, Auteur ; Gráinne M. MCALONAN, Auteur ; Christine ECKER, Auteur ; Katya RUBIA, Auteur ; Declan G.M. MURPHY, Auteur ; Eileen DALY, Auteur Article en page(s) : 14 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult  Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/therapeutic use  Attention/drug effects  Autistic Disorder/diagnostic imaging/drug therapy/physiopathology/psychology  Brain/diagnostic imaging/physiopathology  Cross-Over Studies  Double-Blind Method  Executive Function/drug effects  Humans  Magnetic Resonance Imaging  Male  Middle Aged  Pilot Projects  Thiazepines/therapeutic use  Young Adult  Autism spectrum disorder  Executive functioning  Serotonin  Tianeptine  fMRI  grants from Lilly and Shire. The other authors declare that they have no competing  interests. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with deficits in executive functioning (EF), and these have been suggested to contribute to core as well as co-occurring psychiatric symptoms. The biological basis of these deficits is unknown but may include the serotonergic system, which is involved both in regulating EF in neurotypical populations and in the pathophysiology of ASD. We previously demonstrated that reducing serotonin by acute tryptophan depletion (ATD) shifts differences in brain function during performance of EF tasks towards control levels. However, ATD cannot be easily used in the clinic, and we therefore need to adopt alternative approaches to challenge the serotonin system. Hence, we investigated the role of the serotonergic modulator tianeptine on EF networks in ASD. METHOD: We conducted a pharmacological magnetic resonance imaging study, using a randomized double-blind crossover design, to compare the effect of an acute dosage of 12.5 mg tianeptine and placebo on brain activation during two EF tasks (of response inhibition and sustained attention) in 38 adult males: 19 with ASD and 19 matched controls. RESULTS: Under placebo, compared to controls, individuals with ASD had atypical brain activation in response inhibition regions including the inferior frontal cortex, premotor regions and cerebellum. During sustained attention, individuals with ASD had decreased brain activation in the right middle temporal cortex, right cuneus and left precuneus. Most of the case-control differences in brain function observed under placebo conditions were abolished by tianeptine administration. Also, within ASD individuals, brain functional differences were shifted significantly towards control levels during response inhibition in the inferior frontal and premotor cortices. LIMITATIONS: We conducted a pilot study using a single dose of tianeptine, and therefore, we cannot comment on long-term outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide the first evidence that tianeptine can shift atypical brain activation during EF in adults with ASD towards control levels. Future studies should investigate whether this shift in the biology of ASD is maintained after prolonged treatment with tianeptine and whether it improves clinical symptoms. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-021-00422-0 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=459 [article] Modulation of atypical brain activation during executive functioning in autism: a pharmacological MRI study of tianeptine [texte imprimé] / Robert H. WICHERS, Auteur ; James L. FINDON, Auteur ; Auke JELSMA, Auteur ; Vincent GIAMPIETRO, Auteur ; Vladimira STOENCHEVA, Auteur ; Debra W. ROBERTSON, Auteur ; Clodagh M. MURPHY, Auteur ; Sarah BLAINEY, Auteur ; Gráinne M. MCALONAN, Auteur ; Christine ECKER, Auteur ; Katya RUBIA, Auteur ; Declan G.M. MURPHY, Auteur ; Eileen DALY, Auteur . - 14 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 12 (2021) . - 14 p. Mots-clés : Adult  Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/therapeutic use  Attention/drug effects  Autistic Disorder/diagnostic imaging/drug therapy/physiopathology/psychology  Brain/diagnostic imaging/physiopathology  Cross-Over Studies  Double-Blind Method  Executive Function/drug effects  Humans  Magnetic Resonance Imaging  Male  Middle Aged  Pilot Projects  Thiazepines/therapeutic use  Young Adult  Autism spectrum disorder  Executive functioning  Serotonin  Tianeptine  fMRI  grants from Lilly and Shire. The other authors declare that they have no competing  interests. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with deficits in executive functioning (EF), and these have been suggested to contribute to core as well as co-occurring psychiatric symptoms. The biological basis of these deficits is unknown but may include the serotonergic system, which is involved both in regulating EF in neurotypical populations and in the pathophysiology of ASD. We previously demonstrated that reducing serotonin by acute tryptophan depletion (ATD) shifts differences in brain function during performance of EF tasks towards control levels. However, ATD cannot be easily used in the clinic, and we therefore need to adopt alternative approaches to challenge the serotonin system. Hence, we investigated the role of the serotonergic modulator tianeptine on EF networks in ASD. METHOD: We conducted a pharmacological magnetic resonance imaging study, using a randomized double-blind crossover design, to compare the effect of an acute dosage of 12.5 mg tianeptine and placebo on brain activation during two EF tasks (of response inhibition and sustained attention) in 38 adult males: 19 with ASD and 19 matched controls. RESULTS: Under placebo, compared to controls, individuals with ASD had atypical brain activation in response inhibition regions including the inferior frontal cortex, premotor regions and cerebellum. During sustained attention, individuals with ASD had decreased brain activation in the right middle temporal cortex, right cuneus and left precuneus. Most of the case-control differences in brain function observed under placebo conditions were abolished by tianeptine administration. Also, within ASD individuals, brain functional differences were shifted significantly towards control levels during response inhibition in the inferior frontal and premotor cortices. LIMITATIONS: We conducted a pilot study using a single dose of tianeptine, and therefore, we cannot comment on long-term outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide the first evidence that tianeptine can shift atypical brain activation during EF in adults with ASD towards control levels. Future studies should investigate whether this shift in the biology of ASD is maintained after prolonged treatment with tianeptine and whether it improves clinical symptoms. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-021-00422-0 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=459

Modulation of striatal functional connectivity differences in adults with and without autism spectrum disorder in a single-dose randomized trial of cannabidivarin / Charlotte M. PRETZSCH in Molecular Autism, 12 (2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 12 (2021) . - 49 p. Titre : Modulation of striatal functional connectivity differences in adults with and without autism spectrum disorder in a single-dose randomized trial of cannabidivarin Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Charlotte M. PRETZSCH, Auteur ; Dorothea L. FLORIS, Auteur ; Bogdan VOINESCU, Auteur ; Malka ELSAHIB, Auteur ; M. Andreina MENDEZ, Auteur ; Robert WICHERS, Auteur ; Laura AJRAM, Auteur ; Glynis IVIN, Auteur ; Martin HEASMAN, Auteur ; Elise PRETZSCH, Auteur ; Simon WILLIAMS, Auteur ; Declan G.M. MURPHY, Auteur ; Eileen DALY, Auteur ; Gráinne M. MCALONAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : 49 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum condition  Autism spectrum disorder  Cbdv  Cannabidivarin  Functional connectivity  Striatum Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has a high cost to affected individuals and society, but treatments for core symptoms are lacking. To expand intervention options, it is crucial to gain a better understanding of potential treatment targets, and their engagement, in the brain. For instance, the striatum (caudate, putamen, and nucleus accumbens) plays a central role during development and its (atypical) functional connectivity (FC) may contribute to multiple ASD symptoms. We have previously shown, in the adult autistic and neurotypical brain, the non-intoxicating cannabinoid cannabidivarin (CBDV) alters the balance of striatal 'excitatory-inhibitory' metabolites, which help regulate FC, but the effects of CBDV on (atypical) striatal FC are unknown. METHODS: To examine this in a small pilot study, we acquired resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 28 men (15 neurotypicals, 13 ASD) on two occasions in a repeated-measures, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. We then used a seed-based approach to (1) compare striatal FC between groups and (2) examine the effect of pharmacological probing (600 mg CBDV/matched placebo) on atypical striatal FC in ASD. Visits were separated by at least 13 days to allow for drug washout. RESULTS: Compared to the neurotypicals, ASD individuals had lower FC between the ventral striatum and frontal and pericentral regions (which have been associated with emotion, motor, and vision processing). Further, they had higher intra-striatal FC and higher putamenal FC with temporal regions involved in speech and language. In ASD, CBDV reduced hyperconnectivity to the neurotypical level. LIMITATIONS: Our findings should be considered in light of several methodological aspects, in particular our participant group (restricted to male adults), which limits the generalizability of our findings to the wider and heterogeneous ASD population. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, here we show atypical striatal FC with regions commonly associated with ASD symptoms. We further provide preliminary proof of concept that, in the adult autistic brain, acute CBDV administration can modulate atypical striatal circuitry towards neurotypical function. Future studies are required to determine whether modulation of striatal FC is associated with a change in ASD symptoms. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov, Identifier: NCT03537950. Registered May 25th, 2018-Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03537950 term=NCT03537950&draw=2&rank=1 . En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-021-00454-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=459 [article] Modulation of striatal functional connectivity differences in adults with and without autism spectrum disorder in a single-dose randomized trial of cannabidivarin [texte imprimé] / Charlotte M. PRETZSCH, Auteur ; Dorothea L. FLORIS, Auteur ; Bogdan VOINESCU, Auteur ; Malka ELSAHIB, Auteur ; M. Andreina MENDEZ, Auteur ; Robert WICHERS, Auteur ; Laura AJRAM, Auteur ; Glynis IVIN, Auteur ; Martin HEASMAN, Auteur ; Elise PRETZSCH, Auteur ; Simon WILLIAMS, Auteur ; Declan G.M. MURPHY, Auteur ; Eileen DALY, Auteur ; Gráinne M. MCALONAN, Auteur . - 49 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 12 (2021) . - 49 p. Mots-clés : Autism spectrum condition  Autism spectrum disorder  Cbdv  Cannabidivarin  Functional connectivity  Striatum Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has a high cost to affected individuals and society, but treatments for core symptoms are lacking. To expand intervention options, it is crucial to gain a better understanding of potential treatment targets, and their engagement, in the brain. For instance, the striatum (caudate, putamen, and nucleus accumbens) plays a central role during development and its (atypical) functional connectivity (FC) may contribute to multiple ASD symptoms. We have previously shown, in the adult autistic and neurotypical brain, the non-intoxicating cannabinoid cannabidivarin (CBDV) alters the balance of striatal 'excitatory-inhibitory' metabolites, which help regulate FC, but the effects of CBDV on (atypical) striatal FC are unknown. METHODS: To examine this in a small pilot study, we acquired resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 28 men (15 neurotypicals, 13 ASD) on two occasions in a repeated-measures, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. We then used a seed-based approach to (1) compare striatal FC between groups and (2) examine the effect of pharmacological probing (600 mg CBDV/matched placebo) on atypical striatal FC in ASD. Visits were separated by at least 13 days to allow for drug washout. RESULTS: Compared to the neurotypicals, ASD individuals had lower FC between the ventral striatum and frontal and pericentral regions (which have been associated with emotion, motor, and vision processing). Further, they had higher intra-striatal FC and higher putamenal FC with temporal regions involved in speech and language. In ASD, CBDV reduced hyperconnectivity to the neurotypical level. LIMITATIONS: Our findings should be considered in light of several methodological aspects, in particular our participant group (restricted to male adults), which limits the generalizability of our findings to the wider and heterogeneous ASD population. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, here we show atypical striatal FC with regions commonly associated with ASD symptoms. We further provide preliminary proof of concept that, in the adult autistic brain, acute CBDV administration can modulate atypical striatal circuitry towards neurotypical function. Future studies are required to determine whether modulation of striatal FC is associated with a change in ASD symptoms. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov, Identifier: NCT03537950. Registered May 25th, 2018-Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03537950 term=NCT03537950&draw=2&rank=1 . En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-021-00454-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=459

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