Autistic and non-autistic prosocial decision-making: The impact of recipient neurotype / Peter RUSH in Research in Autism, 128 (October 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism > 128 (October 2025) . - p.202710 Titre : Autistic and non-autistic prosocial decision-making: The impact of recipient neurotype Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Peter RUSH, Auteur ; Connor T. KEATING, Auteur ; Selma LUGTMEIJER, Auteur ; Evie ALLMARK, Auteur ; Anna DAVIS, Auteur ; Aradhna BEEJADHUR, Auteur ; Amy TARLING, Auteur ; Samuel HANNON, Auteur ; Kelan TODD, Auteur ; Alexander IDDLES, Auteur ; Chaitrali VICHARE, Auteur ; Michael J.M. GACHOMBA, Auteur ; Patricia L. LOCKWOOD, Auteur ; Matthew APPS, Auteur ; Sophie SOWDEN-CARVALHO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.202710 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Adults  Prosocial behaviour  Decision-making  Neurotype-matching Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A body of research suggests cross-neurotype interpersonal interactions may be more challenging, and non-autistic individuals show less interest in interacting with their autistic peers. However, it is not clear whether such cross-neurotype differences extend to prosocial decision-making behaviour – something that is vital for forming and maintaining social bonds. Using a physical-effort-based decision-making paradigm, in combination with computational modelling, we examined 30 autistic and 30 non-autistic individuals’ prosocial willingness to exert physical effort for oneself and others, as a function of whether the beneficiary shares their neurotype or not. We compared decisions to exert effort and action energisation when participants made decisions for the Self, Other Same neurotype and Other Different neurotype. Results showed a robust self-bias in effort discounting, with both groups choosing to exert more effort for themselves than others, and no differences between same and different neurotype others. However, while non-autistic participants showed no difference in action energisation between the same and different neurotype others, autistic participants exerted significantly more force for others of the same neurotype. Implicit, but not explicit, biases held about autism played a role: in autistic participants, higher implicit autism stigma predicted differences in effort discounting between same and different neurotype others, while in non-autistic participants, implicit bias predicted differences in actual effort exerted rather than decision-making. This work has important implications for understanding how interactor neurotypes and autism-specific biases may feed into prosocial decision-making contexts such as employment, health and education settings, where autistic individuals face the everyday consideration of whether to disclose their diagnostic status. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reia.2025.202710 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=570 [article] Autistic and non-autistic prosocial decision-making: The impact of recipient neurotype [texte imprimé] / Peter RUSH, Auteur ; Connor T. KEATING, Auteur ; Selma LUGTMEIJER, Auteur ; Evie ALLMARK, Auteur ; Anna DAVIS, Auteur ; Aradhna BEEJADHUR, Auteur ; Amy TARLING, Auteur ; Samuel HANNON, Auteur ; Kelan TODD, Auteur ; Alexander IDDLES, Auteur ; Chaitrali VICHARE, Auteur ; Michael J.M. GACHOMBA, Auteur ; Patricia L. LOCKWOOD, Auteur ; Matthew APPS, Auteur ; Sophie SOWDEN-CARVALHO, Auteur . - p.202710. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism > 128 (October 2025) . - p.202710 Mots-clés : Autism  Adults  Prosocial behaviour  Decision-making  Neurotype-matching Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A body of research suggests cross-neurotype interpersonal interactions may be more challenging, and non-autistic individuals show less interest in interacting with their autistic peers. However, it is not clear whether such cross-neurotype differences extend to prosocial decision-making behaviour – something that is vital for forming and maintaining social bonds. Using a physical-effort-based decision-making paradigm, in combination with computational modelling, we examined 30 autistic and 30 non-autistic individuals’ prosocial willingness to exert physical effort for oneself and others, as a function of whether the beneficiary shares their neurotype or not. We compared decisions to exert effort and action energisation when participants made decisions for the Self, Other Same neurotype and Other Different neurotype. Results showed a robust self-bias in effort discounting, with both groups choosing to exert more effort for themselves than others, and no differences between same and different neurotype others. However, while non-autistic participants showed no difference in action energisation between the same and different neurotype others, autistic participants exerted significantly more force for others of the same neurotype. Implicit, but not explicit, biases held about autism played a role: in autistic participants, higher implicit autism stigma predicted differences in effort discounting between same and different neurotype others, while in non-autistic participants, implicit bias predicted differences in actual effort exerted rather than decision-making. This work has important implications for understanding how interactor neurotypes and autism-specific biases may feed into prosocial decision-making contexts such as employment, health and education settings, where autistic individuals face the everyday consideration of whether to disclose their diagnostic status. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reia.2025.202710 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=570

Comparing internal representations of facial expression kinematics between autistic and non-autistic adults / Connor T. KEATING in Autism Research, 15-3 (March 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-3 (March 2022) . - p.493-506 Titre : Comparing internal representations of facial expression kinematics between autistic and non-autistic adults Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Connor T. KEATING, Auteur ; Sophie SOWDEN, Auteur ; Jennifer L. COOK, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.493-506 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Recent developments suggest that autistic individuals require dynamic angry expressions to have a higher speed in order for them to be successfully identified. Therefore, it is plausible that autistic individuals do not have a ?deficit? in angry expression recognition, but rather their internal representation of these expressions is characterised by very high-speed movement. In this study, matched groups of autistic and non-autistic adults completed a novel emotion-based task which employed dynamic displays of happy, angry and sad point light facial (PLF) expressions. On each trial, participants moved a slider to manipulate the speed of a PLF stimulus until it moved at a speed that, in their ?mind's eye?, was typical of happy, angry or sad expressions. Participants were shown three different types of PLFs?those showing the full-face, only the eye region, and only the mouth region, wherein the latter two were included to test whether differences in facial information sampling underpinned any dissimilarities in speed attributions. Across both groups, participants attributed the highest speeds to angry, then happy, then sad, facial motion. Participants increased the speed of angry and happy expressions by 41% and 27% respectively and decreased the speed of sad expressions by 18%. This suggests that participants have ?caricatured? internal representations of emotion, wherein emotion-related kinematic cues are over-emphasised. There were no differences between autistic and non-autistic individuals in the speeds attributed to full-face and partial-face angry, happy and sad expressions respectively. Consequently, we find no evidence that autistic adults possess atypically fast internal representations of anger. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2642 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473 [article] Comparing internal representations of facial expression kinematics between autistic and non-autistic adults [texte imprimé] / Connor T. KEATING, Auteur ; Sophie SOWDEN, Auteur ; Jennifer L. COOK, Auteur . - p.493-506. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-3 (March 2022) . - p.493-506 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Recent developments suggest that autistic individuals require dynamic angry expressions to have a higher speed in order for them to be successfully identified. Therefore, it is plausible that autistic individuals do not have a ?deficit? in angry expression recognition, but rather their internal representation of these expressions is characterised by very high-speed movement. In this study, matched groups of autistic and non-autistic adults completed a novel emotion-based task which employed dynamic displays of happy, angry and sad point light facial (PLF) expressions. On each trial, participants moved a slider to manipulate the speed of a PLF stimulus until it moved at a speed that, in their ?mind's eye?, was typical of happy, angry or sad expressions. Participants were shown three different types of PLFs?those showing the full-face, only the eye region, and only the mouth region, wherein the latter two were included to test whether differences in facial information sampling underpinned any dissimilarities in speed attributions. Across both groups, participants attributed the highest speeds to angry, then happy, then sad, facial motion. Participants increased the speed of angry and happy expressions by 41% and 27% respectively and decreased the speed of sad expressions by 18%. This suggests that participants have ?caricatured? internal representations of emotion, wherein emotion-related kinematic cues are over-emphasised. There were no differences between autistic and non-autistic individuals in the speeds attributed to full-face and partial-face angry, happy and sad expressions respectively. Consequently, we find no evidence that autistic adults possess atypically fast internal representations of anger. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2642 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473

A cross-cultural examination of bi-directional mentalising in autistic and non-autistic adults / Bianca A. SCHUSTER in Molecular Autism, 16 (2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 16 (2025) . - 29 Titre : A cross-cultural examination of bi-directional mentalising in autistic and non-autistic adults Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Bianca A. SCHUSTER, Auteur ; Yuko OKAMOTO, Auteur ; T. TAKAHASHI, Auteur ; Y. KURIHARA, Auteur ; Connor T. KEATING, Auteur ; J.L. COOK, Auteur ; Hirotaka KOSAKA, Auteur ; Masayuki IDE, Auteur ; H. NARUSE, Auteur ; C. KRAAIJKAMP, Auteur ; R. OSU, Auteur ; Bianca A. SCHUSTER, Auteur ; Yuko OKAMOTO, Auteur ; T. TAKAHASHI, Auteur ; Y. KURIHARA, Auteur ; Connor T. KEATING, Auteur ; J.L. COOK, Auteur ; Hirotaka KOSAKA, Auteur ; Masayuki IDE, Auteur ; H. NARUSE, Auteur ; C. KRAAIJKAMP, Auteur ; R. OSU, Auteur Article en page(s) : 29 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Humans  Male  Female  Adult  Cross-Cultural Comparison  Autistic Disorder/psychology  Young Adult  Theory of Mind  Mentalization  United Kingdom  Japan  Middle Aged  Adolescent  Autism  Collectivist  Cross-cultural  Cross-neurotype  Double empathy  Individualist  Mentalising  Movement differences  Theory of mind  Uk Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: So-called 'mismatch accounts' propose that, rather than arising from a socio-cognitive deficit present in autistic people, mentalising difficulties are the product of a mismatch in neurotype between interaction partners. Although this idea has grown in popularity over recent years, there is currently only limited empirical evidence to support mismatch theories. Moreover, the social model of disability such theories are grounded in demands a culturally situated view of social interaction, yet research on mentalising and/or autism is largely biased towards Western countries, with little knowledge on how successful mentalising is defined differently, and how tools to assess socio-cognitive ability compare, across cultures. METHODS: Using a widely employed mentalising task-the animations task-, the current study investigated and compared the bi-directional mentalising performance of British and Japanese autistic and non-autistic adults and assessed observer-agent kinematic similarity as a potential dimension along which mismatches may occur between neurotypes. Participants were asked to depict various mental state- and action-based interactions by moving two triangles across a touch-screen device before viewing and interpreting stimuli generated by other participants. RESULTS: In the UK sample, our results replicate a seminal prior study in showing poorer mentalising abilities in non-autistic adults for animations generated by the autistic group. Crucially, the same pattern did not emerge in the Japanese sample, where there were no mentalising differences between the two groups. LIMITATIONS: Limitations of the current study include that efforts to match all samples within and across cultures in terms of IQ, gender, and age were not successful in all comparisons, but control analyses suggest this did not affect our results. Furthermore, any performance differences were found for both the mental state- and action-based conditions, mirroring prior work and raising questions about the domain-specificity of the employed task. CONCLUSIONS: Our results add support for a paradigm shift in the autism literature, moving beyond deficit-based models and towards acknowledging the inherently relational nature of social interaction. We further discuss how our findings suggest limited cultural transferability of common socio-cognitive measures rather than superior mentalising abilities in Japanese autistic adults, underscoring the need for more cross-cultural research and the development of culturally sensitive scientific and diagnostic tools. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-025-00659-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=569 [article] A cross-cultural examination of bi-directional mentalising in autistic and non-autistic adults [texte imprimé] / Bianca A. SCHUSTER, Auteur ; Yuko OKAMOTO, Auteur ; T. TAKAHASHI, Auteur ; Y. KURIHARA, Auteur ; Connor T. KEATING, Auteur ; J.L. COOK, Auteur ; Hirotaka KOSAKA, Auteur ; Masayuki IDE, Auteur ; H. NARUSE, Auteur ; C. KRAAIJKAMP, Auteur ; R. OSU, Auteur ; Bianca A. SCHUSTER, Auteur ; Yuko OKAMOTO, Auteur ; T. TAKAHASHI, Auteur ; Y. KURIHARA, Auteur ; Connor T. KEATING, Auteur ; J.L. COOK, Auteur ; Hirotaka KOSAKA, Auteur ; Masayuki IDE, Auteur ; H. NARUSE, Auteur ; C. KRAAIJKAMP, Auteur ; R. OSU, Auteur . - 29. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 16 (2025) . - 29 Mots-clés : Humans  Male  Female  Adult  Cross-Cultural Comparison  Autistic Disorder/psychology  Young Adult  Theory of Mind  Mentalization  United Kingdom  Japan  Middle Aged  Adolescent  Autism  Collectivist  Cross-cultural  Cross-neurotype  Double empathy  Individualist  Mentalising  Movement differences  Theory of mind  Uk Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: So-called 'mismatch accounts' propose that, rather than arising from a socio-cognitive deficit present in autistic people, mentalising difficulties are the product of a mismatch in neurotype between interaction partners. Although this idea has grown in popularity over recent years, there is currently only limited empirical evidence to support mismatch theories. Moreover, the social model of disability such theories are grounded in demands a culturally situated view of social interaction, yet research on mentalising and/or autism is largely biased towards Western countries, with little knowledge on how successful mentalising is defined differently, and how tools to assess socio-cognitive ability compare, across cultures. METHODS: Using a widely employed mentalising task-the animations task-, the current study investigated and compared the bi-directional mentalising performance of British and Japanese autistic and non-autistic adults and assessed observer-agent kinematic similarity as a potential dimension along which mismatches may occur between neurotypes. Participants were asked to depict various mental state- and action-based interactions by moving two triangles across a touch-screen device before viewing and interpreting stimuli generated by other participants. RESULTS: In the UK sample, our results replicate a seminal prior study in showing poorer mentalising abilities in non-autistic adults for animations generated by the autistic group. Crucially, the same pattern did not emerge in the Japanese sample, where there were no mentalising differences between the two groups. LIMITATIONS: Limitations of the current study include that efforts to match all samples within and across cultures in terms of IQ, gender, and age were not successful in all comparisons, but control analyses suggest this did not affect our results. Furthermore, any performance differences were found for both the mental state- and action-based conditions, mirroring prior work and raising questions about the domain-specificity of the employed task. CONCLUSIONS: Our results add support for a paradigm shift in the autism literature, moving beyond deficit-based models and towards acknowledging the inherently relational nature of social interaction. We further discuss how our findings suggest limited cultural transferability of common socio-cognitive measures rather than superior mentalising abilities in Japanese autistic adults, underscoring the need for more cross-cultural research and the development of culturally sensitive scientific and diagnostic tools. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-025-00659-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=569

Differences Between Autistic and Non-Autistic Adults in the Recognition of Anger from Facial Motion Remain after Controlling for Alexithymia / Connor T. KEATING in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 52-4 (April 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 52-4 (April 2022) . - p.1855-1871 Titre : Differences Between Autistic and Non-Autistic Adults in the Recognition of Anger from Facial Motion Remain after Controlling for Alexithymia Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Connor T. KEATING, Auteur ; Dagmar S. FRASER, Auteur ; Sophie SOWDEN, Auteur ; Jennifer L. COOK, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1855-1871 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult  Affective Symptoms/psychology  Anger  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder/psychology  Emotions  Facial Expression  Facial Recognition  Humans  Alexithymia  Emotion recognition  Movement kinematics Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : To date, studies have not established whether autistic and non-autistic individuals differ in emotion recognition from facial motion cues when matched in terms of alexithymia. Here, autistic and non-autistic adults (N=60) matched on age, gender, non-verbal reasoning ability and alexithymia, completed an emotion recognition task, which employed dynamic point light displays of emotional facial expressions manipulated in terms of speed and spatial exaggeration. Autistic participants exhibited significantly lower accuracy for angry, but not happy or sad, facial motion with unmanipulated speed and spatial exaggeration. Autistic, and not alexithymic, traits were predictive of accuracy for angry facial motion with unmanipulated speed and spatial exaggeration. Alexithymic traits, in contrast, were predictive of the magnitude of both correct and incorrect emotion ratings. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-05083-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=476 [article] Differences Between Autistic and Non-Autistic Adults in the Recognition of Anger from Facial Motion Remain after Controlling for Alexithymia [texte imprimé] / Connor T. KEATING, Auteur ; Dagmar S. FRASER, Auteur ; Sophie SOWDEN, Auteur ; Jennifer L. COOK, Auteur . - p.1855-1871. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 52-4 (April 2022) . - p.1855-1871 Mots-clés : Adult  Affective Symptoms/psychology  Anger  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder/psychology  Emotions  Facial Expression  Facial Recognition  Humans  Alexithymia  Emotion recognition  Movement kinematics Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : To date, studies have not established whether autistic and non-autistic individuals differ in emotion recognition from facial motion cues when matched in terms of alexithymia. Here, autistic and non-autistic adults (N=60) matched on age, gender, non-verbal reasoning ability and alexithymia, completed an emotion recognition task, which employed dynamic point light displays of emotional facial expressions manipulated in terms of speed and spatial exaggeration. Autistic participants exhibited significantly lower accuracy for angry, but not happy or sad, facial motion with unmanipulated speed and spatial exaggeration. Autistic, and not alexithymic, traits were predictive of accuracy for angry facial motion with unmanipulated speed and spatial exaggeration. Alexithymic traits, in contrast, were predictive of the magnitude of both correct and incorrect emotion ratings. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-05083-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=476

Factors underlying differences in knowledge, explicit stigma and implicit biases towards autism across Hong Kong, the United Kingdom and the United States / Yulin CHENG in Autism, 29-4 (April 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 29-4 (April 2025) . - p.868-883 Titre : Factors underlying differences in knowledge, explicit stigma and implicit biases towards autism across Hong Kong, the United Kingdom and the United States Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Yulin CHENG, Auteur ; Patrick DWYER, Auteur ; Connor T. KEATING, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.868-883 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  collectivism  cross-cultural  culture  environmental factors  explicit attitudes  implicit biases  individualism  knowledge  stigma Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A growing literature suggests that there is cross-cultural variation in levels of autism-related stigma, which may partially be explained by differences in cultural orientation or autism-related knowledge between countries. This literature has relied heavily on self-report measures of explicit attitudes towards autism; little research has examined implicit biases, and whether these implicit biases vary across cultures. Thus, here we had two aims: (1) to assess the contribution of knowledge and cultural orientation to both explicit stigma and implicit biases, and (2) to compare autism-related knowledge, explicit stigma, and implicit biases across university students in Hong Kong (n = 119), the United Kingdom (n = 120), and the United States (n = 122). Replicating prior work, we found that explicit stigma was predicted by less accurate knowledge, lower horizontal collectivism, greater vertical individualism, and higher implicit biases. Implicit biases were directly predicted by age and explicit stigma, and indirectly predicted by vertical individualism (positively) and horizontal collectivism (negatively) via explicit stigma. Knowledge and explicit stigma differed across countries, even after accounting for covariates: students in Hong Kong displayed less accurate knowledge, and higher explicit stigma towards autism, than those in the United Kingdom and United States. However, implicit biases did not differ between countries.Lay abstract Attitudes towards autism vary across countries. Some of this variation could reflect differences in cultural values across countries, or differences in how much people know about autism. Until now, most research on this topic has asked people directly about their attitudes towards interacting with autistic people. As a result, we understand little about why some people unconsciously hold negative attitudes towards autism, and whether these unconscious attitudes vary across countries. We studied explicit attitudes (willingness to interact), implicit attitudes (unconscious beliefs), knowledge about autism, and cultural values in university students from Hong Kong, the United Kingdom and the United States. We found that people were less willing to interact with autistic people if they knew less about autism, aligned with a competitive and hierarchical society ('vertical individualism'), did not see themselves as part of a collective whose members are equal (less 'horizontal collectivism'), and if they unconcsciously associated autism with negative attributes. Students in Hong Kong were less willing to interact with autistic people and had less understanding of autism compared to those in the United Kingdom and the United States. Unconscious biases did not differ across countries. Our findings highlight the need to combat misconceptions about autism to improve attitudes towards autistic people, especially in Hong Kong. Unfortunately, our results suggest that acquiring more accurate knowledge may not be sufficient to alter unconscious biases. Further research is needed to determine the factors underlying unconscious biases. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241290565 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=552 [article] Factors underlying differences in knowledge, explicit stigma and implicit biases towards autism across Hong Kong, the United Kingdom and the United States [texte imprimé] / Yulin CHENG, Auteur ; Patrick DWYER, Auteur ; Connor T. KEATING, Auteur . - p.868-883. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 29-4 (April 2025) . - p.868-883 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  collectivism  cross-cultural  culture  environmental factors  explicit attitudes  implicit biases  individualism  knowledge  stigma Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A growing literature suggests that there is cross-cultural variation in levels of autism-related stigma, which may partially be explained by differences in cultural orientation or autism-related knowledge between countries. This literature has relied heavily on self-report measures of explicit attitudes towards autism; little research has examined implicit biases, and whether these implicit biases vary across cultures. Thus, here we had two aims: (1) to assess the contribution of knowledge and cultural orientation to both explicit stigma and implicit biases, and (2) to compare autism-related knowledge, explicit stigma, and implicit biases across university students in Hong Kong (n = 119), the United Kingdom (n = 120), and the United States (n = 122). Replicating prior work, we found that explicit stigma was predicted by less accurate knowledge, lower horizontal collectivism, greater vertical individualism, and higher implicit biases. Implicit biases were directly predicted by age and explicit stigma, and indirectly predicted by vertical individualism (positively) and horizontal collectivism (negatively) via explicit stigma. Knowledge and explicit stigma differed across countries, even after accounting for covariates: students in Hong Kong displayed less accurate knowledge, and higher explicit stigma towards autism, than those in the United Kingdom and United States. However, implicit biases did not differ between countries.Lay abstract Attitudes towards autism vary across countries. Some of this variation could reflect differences in cultural values across countries, or differences in how much people know about autism. Until now, most research on this topic has asked people directly about their attitudes towards interacting with autistic people. As a result, we understand little about why some people unconsciously hold negative attitudes towards autism, and whether these unconscious attitudes vary across countries. We studied explicit attitudes (willingness to interact), implicit attitudes (unconscious beliefs), knowledge about autism, and cultural values in university students from Hong Kong, the United Kingdom and the United States. We found that people were less willing to interact with autistic people if they knew less about autism, aligned with a competitive and hierarchical society ('vertical individualism'), did not see themselves as part of a collective whose members are equal (less 'horizontal collectivism'), and if they unconcsciously associated autism with negative attributes. Students in Hong Kong were less willing to interact with autistic people and had less understanding of autism compared to those in the United Kingdom and the United States. Unconscious biases did not differ across countries. Our findings highlight the need to combat misconceptions about autism to improve attitudes towards autistic people, especially in Hong Kong. Unfortunately, our results suggest that acquiring more accurate knowledge may not be sufficient to alter unconscious biases. Further research is needed to determine the factors underlying unconscious biases. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241290565 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=552

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