Dépouillements

Issue Information in Autism Research, 10-2 (February 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 10-2 (February 2017) . - p.197-201 Titre : Issue Information Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Article en page(s) : p.197-201 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1695 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=303 [article] Issue Information [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] . - p.197-201. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 10-2 (February 2017) . - p.197-201 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1695 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=303

Lack of replication of previous autism spectrum disorder GWAS hits in European populations / Bàrbara TORRICO in Autism Research, 10-2 (February 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 10-2 (February 2017) . - p.202-211 Titre : Lack of replication of previous autism spectrum disorder GWAS hits in European populations Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Bàrbara TORRICO, Auteur ; Andreas G. CHIOCCHETTI, Auteur ; Elena BACCHELLI, Auteur ; Elisabetta TRABETTI, Auteur ; Amaia HERVAS, Auteur ; Barbara FRANKE, Auteur ; Jan K. BUITELAAR, Auteur ; Nanda N. ROMMELSE, Auteur ; Afsheen YOUSAF, Auteur ; Eftichia DUKETIS, Auteur ; Christine M. FREITAG, Auteur ; Rafaela CABALLERO-ANDALUZ, Auteur ; Amalia MARTINEZ-MIR, Auteur ; Francisco G. SCHOLL, Auteur ; Marta RIBASES, Auteur ; ITAN, Auteur ; Agatino BATTAGLIA, Auteur ; Giovanni MALERBA, Auteur ; Richard DELORME, Auteur ; Marion BENABOU, Auteur ; Elena MAESTRINI, Auteur ; Thomas BOURGERON, Auteur ; Bru CORMAND, Auteur ; Claudio TOMA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.202-211 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : genome-wide association study  replication  autism spectrum disorder  European populations  MACROD2  SEMA5A  MSNP1 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Common variants contribute significantly to the genetics of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), although the identification of individual risk polymorphisms remains still elusive due to their small effect sizes and limited sample sizes available for association studies. During the last decade several genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have enabled the detection of a few plausible risk variants. The three main studies are family-based and pointed at SEMA5A (rs10513025), MACROD2 (rs4141463) and MSNP1 (rs4307059). In our study we attempted to replicate these GWAS hits using a case-control association study in five European populations of ASD patients and gender-matched controls, all Caucasians. Results showed no association of individual variants with ASD in any of the population groups considered or in the combined European sample. We performed a meta-analysis study across five European populations for rs10513025 (1,904 ASD cases and 2,674 controls), seven European populations for rs4141463 (2,855 ASD cases and 36,177 controls) and five European populations for rs4307059 (2,347 ASD cases and 2,764 controls). The results showed an odds ratio (OR) of 1.05 (95% CI?=?0.84–1.32) for rs10513025, 1.0002 (95% CI?=?0.93–1.08) for rs4141463 and 1.01 (95% CI?=?0.92–1.1) for rs4307059, with no significant P-values (rs10513025, P?=?0.73; rs4141463, P?=?0.95; rs4307059, P?=?0.9). No association was found when we considered either only high functioning autism (HFA), genders separately or only multiplex families. Ongoing GWAS projects with larger ASD cohorts will contribute to clarify the role of common variation in the disorder and will likely identify risk variants of modest effect not detected previously. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1662 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=303 [article] Lack of replication of previous autism spectrum disorder GWAS hits in European populations [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Bàrbara TORRICO, Auteur ; Andreas G. CHIOCCHETTI, Auteur ; Elena BACCHELLI, Auteur ; Elisabetta TRABETTI, Auteur ; Amaia HERVAS, Auteur ; Barbara FRANKE, Auteur ; Jan K. BUITELAAR, Auteur ; Nanda N. ROMMELSE, Auteur ; Afsheen YOUSAF, Auteur ; Eftichia DUKETIS, Auteur ; Christine M. FREITAG, Auteur ; Rafaela CABALLERO-ANDALUZ, Auteur ; Amalia MARTINEZ-MIR, Auteur ; Francisco G. SCHOLL, Auteur ; Marta RIBASES, Auteur ; ITAN, Auteur ; Agatino BATTAGLIA, Auteur ; Giovanni MALERBA, Auteur ; Richard DELORME, Auteur ; Marion BENABOU, Auteur ; Elena MAESTRINI, Auteur ; Thomas BOURGERON, Auteur ; Bru CORMAND, Auteur ; Claudio TOMA, Auteur . - p.202-211. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 10-2 (February 2017) . - p.202-211 Mots-clés : genome-wide association study  replication  autism spectrum disorder  European populations  MACROD2  SEMA5A  MSNP1 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Common variants contribute significantly to the genetics of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), although the identification of individual risk polymorphisms remains still elusive due to their small effect sizes and limited sample sizes available for association studies. During the last decade several genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have enabled the detection of a few plausible risk variants. The three main studies are family-based and pointed at SEMA5A (rs10513025), MACROD2 (rs4141463) and MSNP1 (rs4307059). In our study we attempted to replicate these GWAS hits using a case-control association study in five European populations of ASD patients and gender-matched controls, all Caucasians. Results showed no association of individual variants with ASD in any of the population groups considered or in the combined European sample. We performed a meta-analysis study across five European populations for rs10513025 (1,904 ASD cases and 2,674 controls), seven European populations for rs4141463 (2,855 ASD cases and 36,177 controls) and five European populations for rs4307059 (2,347 ASD cases and 2,764 controls). The results showed an odds ratio (OR) of 1.05 (95% CI?=?0.84–1.32) for rs10513025, 1.0002 (95% CI?=?0.93–1.08) for rs4141463 and 1.01 (95% CI?=?0.92–1.1) for rs4307059, with no significant P-values (rs10513025, P?=?0.73; rs4141463, P?=?0.95; rs4307059, P?=?0.9). No association was found when we considered either only high functioning autism (HFA), genders separately or only multiplex families. Ongoing GWAS projects with larger ASD cohorts will contribute to clarify the role of common variation in the disorder and will likely identify risk variants of modest effect not detected previously. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1662 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=303

Disruption of visual circuit formation and refinement in a mouse model of autism / Ning CHENG in Autism Research, 10-2 (February 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 10-2 (February 2017) . - p.212-223 Titre : Disruption of visual circuit formation and refinement in a mouse model of autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ning CHENG, Auteur ; Maryam KHANBABAEI, Auteur ; Kartikeya MURARI, Auteur ; Jong M. RHO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.212-223 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  brain circuit  synaptic patterning  visual system  lateral geniculate nucleus  eye-specific segregation  BTBR mouse Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Aberrant connectivity is believed to contribute to the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Recent neuroimaging studies have increasingly identified such impairments in patients with ASD, including alterations in sensory systems. However, the cellular substrates and molecular underpinnings of disrupted connectivity remain poorly understood. Utilizing eye-specific segregation in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) as a model system, we investigated the formation and refinement of precise patterning of synaptic connections in the BTBR T?+?tf/J (BTBR) mouse model of ASD. We found that at the neonatal stage, the shape of the dLGN occupied by retinal afferents was altered in the BTBR group compared to C57BL/6J (B6) animals. Notably, the degree of overlap between the ipsi- and contralateral afferents was significantly greater in the BTBR mice. Moreover, these abnormalities continued into mature stage in the BTBR animals, suggesting persistent deficits rather than delayed maturation of axonal refinement. Together, these results indicate disrupted connectivity at the synaptic patterning level in the BTBR mice, suggesting that in general, altered neural circuitry may contribute to autistic behaviours seen in this animal model. In addition, these data are consistent with the notion that lower-level, primary processing mechanisms contribute to altered visual perception in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1687 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=303 [article] Disruption of visual circuit formation and refinement in a mouse model of autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ning CHENG, Auteur ; Maryam KHANBABAEI, Auteur ; Kartikeya MURARI, Auteur ; Jong M. RHO, Auteur . - p.212-223. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 10-2 (February 2017) . - p.212-223 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  brain circuit  synaptic patterning  visual system  lateral geniculate nucleus  eye-specific segregation  BTBR mouse Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Aberrant connectivity is believed to contribute to the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Recent neuroimaging studies have increasingly identified such impairments in patients with ASD, including alterations in sensory systems. However, the cellular substrates and molecular underpinnings of disrupted connectivity remain poorly understood. Utilizing eye-specific segregation in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) as a model system, we investigated the formation and refinement of precise patterning of synaptic connections in the BTBR T?+?tf/J (BTBR) mouse model of ASD. We found that at the neonatal stage, the shape of the dLGN occupied by retinal afferents was altered in the BTBR group compared to C57BL/6J (B6) animals. Notably, the degree of overlap between the ipsi- and contralateral afferents was significantly greater in the BTBR mice. Moreover, these abnormalities continued into mature stage in the BTBR animals, suggesting persistent deficits rather than delayed maturation of axonal refinement. Together, these results indicate disrupted connectivity at the synaptic patterning level in the BTBR mice, suggesting that in general, altered neural circuitry may contribute to autistic behaviours seen in this animal model. In addition, these data are consistent with the notion that lower-level, primary processing mechanisms contribute to altered visual perception in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1687 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=303

Prevalence and associated features of autism spectrum disorder in extremely low gestational age newborns at age 10 years / Robert M. JOSEPH in Autism Research, 10-2 (February 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 10-2 (February 2017) . - p.224-232 Titre : Prevalence and associated features of autism spectrum disorder in extremely low gestational age newborns at age 10 years Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Robert M. JOSEPH, Auteur ; Thomas M. O'SHEA, Auteur ; Elizabeth N. ALLRED, Auteur ; Tim HEEREN, Auteur ; Deborah HIRTZ, Auteur ; Nigel PANETH, Auteur ; Alan LEVITON, Auteur ; Karl C. K. KUBAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.224-232 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : diagnosis  epidemiology – descriptive  intellectual disability  pre- and perinatal risk factors  prevalence  sex differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We sought to estimate the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children born extremely preterm relative to the U.S. population risk of 1.5% [CDC, 2014] using the best-available diagnostic procedures and minimizing confounding with other neurodevelopmental impairments. Eight hundred and eighty nine of 966 (92%) 10-year-old children from the Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborn birth cohort, delivered at 23–27 weeks gestation in 2002–2004, participated. Children meeting ASD screening criteria on the Social Communication Questionnaire were evaluated with the Autism Diagnostic Interview–Revised (ADI-R). Those meeting ADI-R criteria were assessed with the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-2 (ADOS-2). A positive ADOS-2 score was the criterion for ASD. Twenty-six participants were not assessed for ASD because of severe sensory or motor impairment. In the remaining sample, 61 children met criteria for ASD, resulting in a prevalence of 7.1% (95% CI?=?5.5–9.0). ASD risk decreased with increasing gestational age, from 15.0% (95% CI?=?10.0–21.2) for 23–24 weeks, 6.5% (95% CI?=?4.2–9.4) for 25–26 weeks, to 3.4% (95% CI?=?1.6–6.1) for 27 weeks gestational age, and this association was independent of IQ. Among children with ASD, 40% had intellectual disability. The male-to-female ratio of children with ASD was 2.1:1 (95% CI?=?1.2:1–3.5:1), lower than in the general population (4:1). ASD prevalence in the ELGAN cohort was four times higher than in the general population, and was strongly associated with gestational age, underscoring the need for enhanced ASD screening of children born preterm, and suggesting that some risk factors associated with preterm birth may also play a role in the etiology of autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1644 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=303 [article] Prevalence and associated features of autism spectrum disorder in extremely low gestational age newborns at age 10 years [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Robert M. JOSEPH, Auteur ; Thomas M. O'SHEA, Auteur ; Elizabeth N. ALLRED, Auteur ; Tim HEEREN, Auteur ; Deborah HIRTZ, Auteur ; Nigel PANETH, Auteur ; Alan LEVITON, Auteur ; Karl C. K. KUBAN, Auteur . - p.224-232. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 10-2 (February 2017) . - p.224-232 Mots-clés : diagnosis  epidemiology – descriptive  intellectual disability  pre- and perinatal risk factors  prevalence  sex differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We sought to estimate the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children born extremely preterm relative to the U.S. population risk of 1.5% [CDC, 2014] using the best-available diagnostic procedures and minimizing confounding with other neurodevelopmental impairments. Eight hundred and eighty nine of 966 (92%) 10-year-old children from the Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborn birth cohort, delivered at 23–27 weeks gestation in 2002–2004, participated. Children meeting ASD screening criteria on the Social Communication Questionnaire were evaluated with the Autism Diagnostic Interview–Revised (ADI-R). Those meeting ADI-R criteria were assessed with the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-2 (ADOS-2). A positive ADOS-2 score was the criterion for ASD. Twenty-six participants were not assessed for ASD because of severe sensory or motor impairment. In the remaining sample, 61 children met criteria for ASD, resulting in a prevalence of 7.1% (95% CI?=?5.5–9.0). ASD risk decreased with increasing gestational age, from 15.0% (95% CI?=?10.0–21.2) for 23–24 weeks, 6.5% (95% CI?=?4.2–9.4) for 25–26 weeks, to 3.4% (95% CI?=?1.6–6.1) for 27 weeks gestational age, and this association was independent of IQ. Among children with ASD, 40% had intellectual disability. The male-to-female ratio of children with ASD was 2.1:1 (95% CI?=?1.2:1–3.5:1), lower than in the general population (4:1). ASD prevalence in the ELGAN cohort was four times higher than in the general population, and was strongly associated with gestational age, underscoring the need for enhanced ASD screening of children born preterm, and suggesting that some risk factors associated with preterm birth may also play a role in the etiology of autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1644 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=303

A sexually dichotomous, autistic-like phenotype is induced by Group B Streptococcus maternofetal immune activation / Marie-Julie ALLARD in Autism Research, 10-2 (February 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 10-2 (February 2017) . - p.233-245 Titre : A sexually dichotomous, autistic-like phenotype is induced by Group B Streptococcus maternofetal immune activation Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Marie-Julie ALLARD, Auteur ; Julie D. BERGERON, Auteur ; Moogeh BAHARNOORI, Auteur ; Lalit K. SRIVASTAVA, Auteur ; Louis-Charles FORTIER, Auteur ; Claire POYART, Auteur ; Guillaume SEBIRE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.233-245 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  behavior  chorioamnionitis  Group B Streptococcus  inflammation  prenatal infection Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a commensal bacterium present in the lower genital tract of 15–30% of healthy pregnant women. GBS is the leading cause of chorioamnionitis and cerebral injuries in newborns, occurring most often in the absence of maternofetal pathogen translocation. Despite GBS being the most frequent bacterium colonizing pregnant women, no preclinical studies have investigated the impact of end-gestational maternal GBS exposure on the offspring's brain development and its behavioral correlates. Our hypothesis is that GBS-induced gestational infection/inflammation has a deleterious neurodevelopmental impact on uninfected offspring. Our goal was to study the impact of maternal GBS infection on the placental and neurodevelopmental features in the offspring using a new preclinical rat model. GBS-exposed placentas exhibited chorioamnionitis characterized by the presence of Gram-positive cocci and polymorphonuclear cells, with the latter being significantly more prominent in the labyrinth of male offspring. GBS-exposed male offspring had reduced thickness of periventricular white matter. In addition, they exhibited autistic-like behaviors, such as abnormal social interaction and communication, impaired processing of sensory information and hyperactivity. Overall, these data show for the first time that gestational exposure to GBS plays an important role in the generation of neurodevelopmental abnormalities reminiscent of human autism spectrum disorders (ASD). These results provide new evidence in favor of the role of a common and modifiable infectious/inflammatory environmental factor in human ASD pathophysiology. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1647 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=303 [article] A sexually dichotomous, autistic-like phenotype is induced by Group B Streptococcus maternofetal immune activation [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Marie-Julie ALLARD, Auteur ; Julie D. BERGERON, Auteur ; Moogeh BAHARNOORI, Auteur ; Lalit K. SRIVASTAVA, Auteur ; Louis-Charles FORTIER, Auteur ; Claire POYART, Auteur ; Guillaume SEBIRE, Auteur . - p.233-245. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 10-2 (February 2017) . - p.233-245 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  behavior  chorioamnionitis  Group B Streptococcus  inflammation  prenatal infection Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a commensal bacterium present in the lower genital tract of 15–30% of healthy pregnant women. GBS is the leading cause of chorioamnionitis and cerebral injuries in newborns, occurring most often in the absence of maternofetal pathogen translocation. Despite GBS being the most frequent bacterium colonizing pregnant women, no preclinical studies have investigated the impact of end-gestational maternal GBS exposure on the offspring's brain development and its behavioral correlates. Our hypothesis is that GBS-induced gestational infection/inflammation has a deleterious neurodevelopmental impact on uninfected offspring. Our goal was to study the impact of maternal GBS infection on the placental and neurodevelopmental features in the offspring using a new preclinical rat model. GBS-exposed placentas exhibited chorioamnionitis characterized by the presence of Gram-positive cocci and polymorphonuclear cells, with the latter being significantly more prominent in the labyrinth of male offspring. GBS-exposed male offspring had reduced thickness of periventricular white matter. In addition, they exhibited autistic-like behaviors, such as abnormal social interaction and communication, impaired processing of sensory information and hyperactivity. Overall, these data show for the first time that gestational exposure to GBS plays an important role in the generation of neurodevelopmental abnormalities reminiscent of human autism spectrum disorders (ASD). These results provide new evidence in favor of the role of a common and modifiable infectious/inflammatory environmental factor in human ASD pathophysiology. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1647 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=303

Visual orienting in children with autism: Hyper-responsiveness to human eyes presented after a brief alerting audio-signal, but hyporesponsiveness to eyes presented without sound / Johan LUNDIN KLEBERG in Autism Research, 10-2 (February 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 10-2 (February 2017) . - p.246-250 Titre : Visual orienting in children with autism: Hyper-responsiveness to human eyes presented after a brief alerting audio-signal, but hyporesponsiveness to eyes presented without sound Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Johan LUNDIN KLEBERG, Auteur ; Emilia THORUP, Auteur ; Terje FALCK-YTTER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.246-250 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  social orienting  eye tracking  phasic alerting  arousal  face perception Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has been associated with reduced orienting to social stimuli such as eyes, but the results are inconsistent. It is not known whether atypicalities in phasic alerting could play a role in putative altered social orienting in ASD. Here, we show that in unisensory (visual) trials, children with ASD are slower to orient to eyes (among distractors) than controls matched for age, sex, and nonverbal IQ. However, in another condition where a brief spatially nonpredictive sound was presented just before the visual targets, this group effect was reversed. Our results indicate that orienting to social versus nonsocial stimuli is differently modulated by phasic alerting mechanisms in young children with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1668 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=303 [article] Visual orienting in children with autism: Hyper-responsiveness to human eyes presented after a brief alerting audio-signal, but hyporesponsiveness to eyes presented without sound [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Johan LUNDIN KLEBERG, Auteur ; Emilia THORUP, Auteur ; Terje FALCK-YTTER, Auteur . - p.246-250. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 10-2 (February 2017) . - p.246-250 Mots-clés : Autism  social orienting  eye tracking  phasic alerting  arousal  face perception Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has been associated with reduced orienting to social stimuli such as eyes, but the results are inconsistent. It is not known whether atypicalities in phasic alerting could play a role in putative altered social orienting in ASD. Here, we show that in unisensory (visual) trials, children with ASD are slower to orient to eyes (among distractors) than controls matched for age, sex, and nonverbal IQ. However, in another condition where a brief spatially nonpredictive sound was presented just before the visual targets, this group effect was reversed. Our results indicate that orienting to social versus nonsocial stimuli is differently modulated by phasic alerting mechanisms in young children with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1668 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=303

Vestibulo-ocular reflex function in children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders / Tana B. CARSON in Autism Research, 10-2 (February 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 10-2 (February 2017) . - p.251-266 Titre : Vestibulo-ocular reflex function in children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Tana B. CARSON, Auteur ; Bradley J. WILKES, Auteur ; Kunal PATEL, Auteur ; Jill L. PINEDA, Auteur ; Ji H. KO, Auteur ; Karl M. NEWELL, Auteur ; James W. BODFISH, Auteur ; Michael C. SCHUBERT, Auteur ; Krestin RADONOVICH, Auteur ; Keith D. WHITE, Auteur ; Mark H. LEWIS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.251-266 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  vestibulo-ocular reflex  sensorimotor  cerebellum  dysrhythmia  oculomotor Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Sensorimotor processing alterations are a growing focus in the assessment and treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). The rotational vestibulo-ocular reflex (rVOR), which functions to maintain stable vision during head movements, is a sensorimotor system that may be useful in understanding such alterations and their underlying neurobiology. In this study, we assessed post-rotary nystagmus elicited by continuous whole body rotation among children with high-functioning ASD and typically developing children. Children with ASD exhibited increased rVOR gain, the ratio of eye velocity to head velocity, indicating a possible lack of cerebellar inhibitory input to brainstem vestibular nuclei in this population. The ASD group also showed less regular or periodic horizontal eye movements as indexed by greater variance accounted for by multiple higher frequency bandwidths as well as greater entropy scores compared to typically developing children. The decreased regularity or dysrhythmia in the temporal structure of nystagmus beats in children with ASD may be due to alterations in cerebellum and brainstem circuitry. These findings could potentially serve as a model to better understand the functional effects of differences in these brain structures in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1642 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=303 [article] Vestibulo-ocular reflex function in children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Tana B. CARSON, Auteur ; Bradley J. WILKES, Auteur ; Kunal PATEL, Auteur ; Jill L. PINEDA, Auteur ; Ji H. KO, Auteur ; Karl M. NEWELL, Auteur ; James W. BODFISH, Auteur ; Michael C. SCHUBERT, Auteur ; Krestin RADONOVICH, Auteur ; Keith D. WHITE, Auteur ; Mark H. LEWIS, Auteur . - p.251-266. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 10-2 (February 2017) . - p.251-266 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  vestibulo-ocular reflex  sensorimotor  cerebellum  dysrhythmia  oculomotor Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Sensorimotor processing alterations are a growing focus in the assessment and treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). The rotational vestibulo-ocular reflex (rVOR), which functions to maintain stable vision during head movements, is a sensorimotor system that may be useful in understanding such alterations and their underlying neurobiology. In this study, we assessed post-rotary nystagmus elicited by continuous whole body rotation among children with high-functioning ASD and typically developing children. Children with ASD exhibited increased rVOR gain, the ratio of eye velocity to head velocity, indicating a possible lack of cerebellar inhibitory input to brainstem vestibular nuclei in this population. The ASD group also showed less regular or periodic horizontal eye movements as indexed by greater variance accounted for by multiple higher frequency bandwidths as well as greater entropy scores compared to typically developing children. The decreased regularity or dysrhythmia in the temporal structure of nystagmus beats in children with ASD may be due to alterations in cerebellum and brainstem circuitry. These findings could potentially serve as a model to better understand the functional effects of differences in these brain structures in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1642 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=303

Linkage between pain sensitivity and empathic response in adolescents with autism spectrum conditions and conduct disorder symptoms / Chenyi CHEN in Autism Research, 10-2 (February 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 10-2 (February 2017) . - p.267-275 Titre : Linkage between pain sensitivity and empathic response in adolescents with autism spectrum conditions and conduct disorder symptoms Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Chenyi CHEN, Auteur ; An-Yi HUNG, Auteur ; Yang-Teng FAN, Auteur ; Shuai TAN, Auteur ; Hua HONG, Auteur ; Yawei CHENG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.267-275 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : pain sensitivity  empathy  autism spectrum conditions  conduct disorder symptom Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Lack of empathy is one of the behavioral hallmarks in individuals with autism spectrum conditions (ASC) as well as youth with conduct disorder symptoms (CDS). Previous research has reliably documented considerable overlap between the perception of others' pain and first-hand experience of pain. However, the linkage between empathy for pain and sensitivity to physical pain needs to be empirically determined, particularly in individuals with empathy deficits. This study measured the pressure pain threshold, which indexes sensitization of peripheral nociceptors, and assessed subjective ratings of unpleasantness and pain intensity in response to empathy-eliciting stimuli depicting physical bodily injuries in three age- and sex-matched participant groups: ASC, CDS, and typically developing controls (TDC). The results indicated that the pain threshold was lowest in the ASC group and highest in the CDS group. The ASC group displayed lower ratings of unpleasantness and pain intensity than did the TDC and CDS groups. Within the ASC and CDS, pain intensity ratings were significantly correlated with unpleasantness ratings to others' pain. Moreover, the ASC significantly differed from the TDC in the correlation between pain threshold values and unpleasantness ratings. These findings may cast some light on the linkage between atypical low-level sensory functioning, for instance altered pain sensitivity, and high-level empathic processing. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1653 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=303 [article] Linkage between pain sensitivity and empathic response in adolescents with autism spectrum conditions and conduct disorder symptoms [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Chenyi CHEN, Auteur ; An-Yi HUNG, Auteur ; Yang-Teng FAN, Auteur ; Shuai TAN, Auteur ; Hua HONG, Auteur ; Yawei CHENG, Auteur . - p.267-275. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 10-2 (February 2017) . - p.267-275 Mots-clés : pain sensitivity  empathy  autism spectrum conditions  conduct disorder symptom Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Lack of empathy is one of the behavioral hallmarks in individuals with autism spectrum conditions (ASC) as well as youth with conduct disorder symptoms (CDS). Previous research has reliably documented considerable overlap between the perception of others' pain and first-hand experience of pain. However, the linkage between empathy for pain and sensitivity to physical pain needs to be empirically determined, particularly in individuals with empathy deficits. This study measured the pressure pain threshold, which indexes sensitization of peripheral nociceptors, and assessed subjective ratings of unpleasantness and pain intensity in response to empathy-eliciting stimuli depicting physical bodily injuries in three age- and sex-matched participant groups: ASC, CDS, and typically developing controls (TDC). The results indicated that the pain threshold was lowest in the ASC group and highest in the CDS group. The ASC group displayed lower ratings of unpleasantness and pain intensity than did the TDC and CDS groups. Within the ASC and CDS, pain intensity ratings were significantly correlated with unpleasantness ratings to others' pain. Moreover, the ASC significantly differed from the TDC in the correlation between pain threshold values and unpleasantness ratings. These findings may cast some light on the linkage between atypical low-level sensory functioning, for instance altered pain sensitivity, and high-level empathic processing. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1653 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=303

Psychophysiological Associations with Gastrointestinal Symptomatology in Autism Spectrum Disorder / Bradley J. FERGUSON in Autism Research, 10-2 (February 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 10-2 (February 2017) . - p.276-288 Titre : Psychophysiological Associations with Gastrointestinal Symptomatology in Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Bradley J. FERGUSON, Auteur ; Sarah MARLER, Auteur ; Lily L. ALTSTEIN, Auteur ; Evon BATEY LEE, Auteur ; Jill AKERS, Auteur ; Kristin SOHL, Auteur ; Aaron MCLAUGHLIN, Auteur ; Kaitlyn HARTNETT, Auteur ; Briana KILLE, Auteur ; Micah MAZUREK, Auteur ; Eric A. MACKLIN, Auteur ; Erin MCDONNELL, Auteur ; Mariah BARSTOW, Auteur ; Margaret L. BAUMAN, Auteur ; Kara Gross MARGOLIS, Auteur ; Jeremy VEENSTRA-VANDERWEELE, Auteur ; David Q. BEVERSDORF, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.276-288 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  gastrointestinal  autonomic nervous system  sympathetic  parasympathetic  anxiety  constipation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is often accompanied by gastrointestinal disturbances, which also may impact behavior. Alterations in autonomic nervous system functioning are also frequently observed in ASD. The relationship between these findings in ASD is not known. We examined the relationship between gastrointestinal symptomatology, examining upper and lower gastrointestinal tract symptomatology separately, and autonomic nervous system functioning, as assessed by heart rate variability and skin conductance level, in a sample of 120 individuals with ASD. Relationships with co-occurring medical and psychiatric symptoms were also examined. While the number of participants with significant upper gastrointestinal tract problems was small in this sample, 42.5% of participants met criteria for functional constipation, a disorder of the lower gastrointestinal tract. Heart rate variability, a measure of parasympathetic modulation of cardiac activity, was found to be positively associated with lower gastrointestinal tract symptomatology at baseline. This relationship was particularly strong for participants with co-occurring diagnoses of anxiety disorder and for those with a history of regressive ASD or loss of previously acquired skills. These findings suggest that autonomic function and gastrointestinal problems are intertwined in children with ASD; although it is not possible to assess causality in this data set. Future work should examine the impact of treatment of gastrointestinal problems on autonomic function and anxiety, as well as the impact of anxiety treatment on gastrointestinal problems. Clinicians should be aware that gastrointestinal problems, anxiety, and autonomic dysfunction may cluster in children with ASD and should be addressed in a multidisciplinary treatment plan. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1646 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=303 [article] Psychophysiological Associations with Gastrointestinal Symptomatology in Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Bradley J. FERGUSON, Auteur ; Sarah MARLER, Auteur ; Lily L. ALTSTEIN, Auteur ; Evon BATEY LEE, Auteur ; Jill AKERS, Auteur ; Kristin SOHL, Auteur ; Aaron MCLAUGHLIN, Auteur ; Kaitlyn HARTNETT, Auteur ; Briana KILLE, Auteur ; Micah MAZUREK, Auteur ; Eric A. MACKLIN, Auteur ; Erin MCDONNELL, Auteur ; Mariah BARSTOW, Auteur ; Margaret L. BAUMAN, Auteur ; Kara Gross MARGOLIS, Auteur ; Jeremy VEENSTRA-VANDERWEELE, Auteur ; David Q. BEVERSDORF, Auteur . - p.276-288. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 10-2 (February 2017) . - p.276-288 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  gastrointestinal  autonomic nervous system  sympathetic  parasympathetic  anxiety  constipation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is often accompanied by gastrointestinal disturbances, which also may impact behavior. Alterations in autonomic nervous system functioning are also frequently observed in ASD. The relationship between these findings in ASD is not known. We examined the relationship between gastrointestinal symptomatology, examining upper and lower gastrointestinal tract symptomatology separately, and autonomic nervous system functioning, as assessed by heart rate variability and skin conductance level, in a sample of 120 individuals with ASD. Relationships with co-occurring medical and psychiatric symptoms were also examined. While the number of participants with significant upper gastrointestinal tract problems was small in this sample, 42.5% of participants met criteria for functional constipation, a disorder of the lower gastrointestinal tract. Heart rate variability, a measure of parasympathetic modulation of cardiac activity, was found to be positively associated with lower gastrointestinal tract symptomatology at baseline. This relationship was particularly strong for participants with co-occurring diagnoses of anxiety disorder and for those with a history of regressive ASD or loss of previously acquired skills. These findings suggest that autonomic function and gastrointestinal problems are intertwined in children with ASD; although it is not possible to assess causality in this data set. Future work should examine the impact of treatment of gastrointestinal problems on autonomic function and anxiety, as well as the impact of anxiety treatment on gastrointestinal problems. Clinicians should be aware that gastrointestinal problems, anxiety, and autonomic dysfunction may cluster in children with ASD and should be addressed in a multidisciplinary treatment plan. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1646 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=303

The Autism-Spectrum Quotient in Siblings of People With Autism / Emily RUZICH in Autism Research, 10-2 (February 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 10-2 (February 2017) . - p.289-297 Titre : The Autism-Spectrum Quotient in Siblings of People With Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Emily RUZICH, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Paula SMITH, Auteur ; Howard RING, Auteur ; Bonnie AUYEUNG, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.289-297 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  autism-spectrum quotient  autistic traits  siblings  sex differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study measures the distribution of autistic traits, using the autism-spectrum quotient (AQ), in siblings of individuals with autism spectrum conditions (ASC). Total AQ scores, along with AQ subscales, were collected from child, adolescent and adult controls, siblings, and volunteers with ASC using one of the three age-appropriate versions of the instrument: the AQ (adult self-report), the AQ-adolescent and AQ-child (both parent-reports). We examined the effect of Group (case, sibling and control) and AQ version (adult, adolescent and adult) on total and subscale scores. In addition, we tested for sex differences in all groups and on all versions. We found that in male and female adults, AQ scores in siblings fell between cases and controls (cases?>?siblings?>?controls). In children and adolescents, female siblings also scored higher than control females (female cases?>?female siblings?>?female controls), but there was no difference between male siblings and controls (male cases?>?male siblings?=?male controls). An investigation of subscale scores revealed that male siblings only differed from controls on the “Communication” subscale (male cases?>?male siblings?>?male controls), while female siblings differed from controls on all subscales except “Imagination” (female cases?>?female siblings?>?female controls). This study confirms the broader autism phenotype in siblings, and reveals this is modulated by sex and AQ version. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1651 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=303 [article] The Autism-Spectrum Quotient in Siblings of People With Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Emily RUZICH, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Paula SMITH, Auteur ; Howard RING, Auteur ; Bonnie AUYEUNG, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur . - p.289-297. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 10-2 (February 2017) . - p.289-297 Mots-clés : autism  autism-spectrum quotient  autistic traits  siblings  sex differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study measures the distribution of autistic traits, using the autism-spectrum quotient (AQ), in siblings of individuals with autism spectrum conditions (ASC). Total AQ scores, along with AQ subscales, were collected from child, adolescent and adult controls, siblings, and volunteers with ASC using one of the three age-appropriate versions of the instrument: the AQ (adult self-report), the AQ-adolescent and AQ-child (both parent-reports). We examined the effect of Group (case, sibling and control) and AQ version (adult, adolescent and adult) on total and subscale scores. In addition, we tested for sex differences in all groups and on all versions. We found that in male and female adults, AQ scores in siblings fell between cases and controls (cases?>?siblings?>?controls). In children and adolescents, female siblings also scored higher than control females (female cases?>?female siblings?>?female controls), but there was no difference between male siblings and controls (male cases?>?male siblings?=?male controls). An investigation of subscale scores revealed that male siblings only differed from controls on the “Communication” subscale (male cases?>?male siblings?>?male controls), while female siblings differed from controls on all subscales except “Imagination” (female cases?>?female siblings?>?female controls). This study confirms the broader autism phenotype in siblings, and reveals this is modulated by sex and AQ version. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1651 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=303

Intact mirror mechanisms for automatic facial emotions in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder / Martin SCHULTE-RUTHER in Autism Research, 10-2 (February 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 10-2 (February 2017) . - p.298-310 Titre : Intact mirror mechanisms for automatic facial emotions in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Martin SCHULTE-RUTHER, Auteur ; Ellen OTTE, Auteur ; Kübra ADIGÜZEL, Auteur ; Christine FIRK, Auteur ; Beate HERPERTZ-DAHLMANN, Auteur ; Iring KOCH, Auteur ; Kerstin KONRAD, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.298-310 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : mirror neuron system  electromyography  imitation  autism  perception action compatibility  facial emotions Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : It has been suggested that an early deficit in the human mirror neuron system (MNS) is an important feature of autism. Recent findings related to simple hand and finger movements do not support a general dysfunction of the MNS in autism. Studies investigating facial actions (e.g., emotional expressions) have been more consistent, however, mostly relied on passive observation tasks. We used a new variant of a compatibility task for the assessment of automatic facial mimicry responses that allowed for simultaneous control of attention to facial stimuli. We used facial electromyography in 18 children and adolescents with Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and 18 typically developing controls (TDCs). We observed a robust compatibility effect in ASD, that is, the execution of a facial expression was facilitated if a congruent facial expression was observed. Time course analysis of RT distributions and comparison to a classic compatibility task (symbolic Simon task) revealed that the facial compatibility effect appeared early and increased with time, suggesting fast and sustained activation of motor codes during observation of facial expressions. We observed a negative correlation of the compatibility effect with age across participants and in ASD, and a positive correlation between self-rated empathy and congruency for smiling faces in TDC but not in ASD. This pattern of results suggests that basic motor mimicry is intact in ASD, but is not associated with complex social cognitive abilities such as emotion understanding and empathy. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1654 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=303 [article] Intact mirror mechanisms for automatic facial emotions in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Martin SCHULTE-RUTHER, Auteur ; Ellen OTTE, Auteur ; Kübra ADIGÜZEL, Auteur ; Christine FIRK, Auteur ; Beate HERPERTZ-DAHLMANN, Auteur ; Iring KOCH, Auteur ; Kerstin KONRAD, Auteur . - p.298-310. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 10-2 (February 2017) . - p.298-310 Mots-clés : mirror neuron system  electromyography  imitation  autism  perception action compatibility  facial emotions Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : It has been suggested that an early deficit in the human mirror neuron system (MNS) is an important feature of autism. Recent findings related to simple hand and finger movements do not support a general dysfunction of the MNS in autism. Studies investigating facial actions (e.g., emotional expressions) have been more consistent, however, mostly relied on passive observation tasks. We used a new variant of a compatibility task for the assessment of automatic facial mimicry responses that allowed for simultaneous control of attention to facial stimuli. We used facial electromyography in 18 children and adolescents with Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and 18 typically developing controls (TDCs). We observed a robust compatibility effect in ASD, that is, the execution of a facial expression was facilitated if a congruent facial expression was observed. Time course analysis of RT distributions and comparison to a classic compatibility task (symbolic Simon task) revealed that the facial compatibility effect appeared early and increased with time, suggesting fast and sustained activation of motor codes during observation of facial expressions. We observed a negative correlation of the compatibility effect with age across participants and in ASD, and a positive correlation between self-rated empathy and congruency for smiling faces in TDC but not in ASD. This pattern of results suggests that basic motor mimicry is intact in ASD, but is not associated with complex social cognitive abilities such as emotion understanding and empathy. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1654 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=303

Threatening faces fail to guide attention for adults with autistic-like traits / Michael C. W. ENGLISH in Autism Research, 10-2 (February 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 10-2 (February 2017) . - p.311-320 Titre : Threatening faces fail to guide attention for adults with autistic-like traits Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Michael C. W. ENGLISH, Auteur ; Murray T. MAYBERY, Auteur ; Troy A. W. VISSER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.311-320 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autistic-like traits  attentional blink  emotion  faces Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals diagnosed with autistic spectrum conditions often show deficits in processing emotional faces relative to neurotypical peers. However, little is known about whether similar deficits exist in neurotypical individuals who show high-levels of autistic-like traits. To address this question, we compared performance on an attentional blink task in a large sample of adults who showed low- or high-levels of autistic-like traits on the Autism Spectrum Quotient. We found that threatening faces inserted as the second target in a rapid serial visual presentation were identified more accurately among individuals with low- compared to high-levels of autistic-like traits. This is the first study to show that attentional blink abnormalities seen in autism extend to the neurotypical population with autistic-like traits, adding to the growing body of research suggesting that autistic-related patterns of behaviors extend into a subset of the neurotypical population. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1658 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=303 [article] Threatening faces fail to guide attention for adults with autistic-like traits [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Michael C. W. ENGLISH, Auteur ; Murray T. MAYBERY, Auteur ; Troy A. W. VISSER, Auteur . - p.311-320. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 10-2 (February 2017) . - p.311-320 Mots-clés : autistic-like traits  attentional blink  emotion  faces Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals diagnosed with autistic spectrum conditions often show deficits in processing emotional faces relative to neurotypical peers. However, little is known about whether similar deficits exist in neurotypical individuals who show high-levels of autistic-like traits. To address this question, we compared performance on an attentional blink task in a large sample of adults who showed low- or high-levels of autistic-like traits on the Autism Spectrum Quotient. We found that threatening faces inserted as the second target in a rapid serial visual presentation were identified more accurately among individuals with low- compared to high-levels of autistic-like traits. This is the first study to show that attentional blink abnormalities seen in autism extend to the neurotypical population with autistic-like traits, adding to the growing body of research suggesting that autistic-related patterns of behaviors extend into a subset of the neurotypical population. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1658 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=303

Heterogeneity of subclinical autistic traits among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder: Identifying the broader autism phenotype with a data-driven method / Emre BORA in Autism Research, 10-2 (February 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 10-2 (February 2017) . - p.321-326 Titre : Heterogeneity of subclinical autistic traits among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder: Identifying the broader autism phenotype with a data-driven method Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Emre BORA, Auteur ; Aydan AYDIN, Auteur ; Tu?ba SARAÇ, Auteur ; Muhammed Tayyib KADAK, Auteur ; Sezen KOSE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.321-326 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autistic traits  autism-spectrum questionnaire  latent class analysis  broader autism phenotype Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Clinical diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can be conceptualized as the extreme end of the distribution of subclinical autistic traits related to genetic susceptibility factors (broad autism phenotype (BAP)) in the general population. Subclinical autistic traits are significantly more common among unaffected first-degree relatives of probands with autism. However, there is a significant heterogeneity of autistic traits in family members of individuals with ASD and severity of autistic traits are not significantly different from controls in the majority of these relatives. The current study investigated the heterogeneity of autistic traits using latent class analysis (LCA) of the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) ratings of 673 parents of children with ASD and 147 parents of typically developing children. Two distinct subgroups, including a "low-scoring" and a "high-scorer (BAP)" groups, were found. In comparison to control parents, a significantly larger proportion (21.1% vs. 7.5%) of parents of ASD were members of BAP group. Communication subscale made a distinctive contribution to the separation of high and low-scoring groups (d?=?2.77). Further studies investigating neurobiological and genetic biomarkers and stability of these two subgroups over time are important for understanding the nature of autistic traits in the general population. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1661 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=303 [article] Heterogeneity of subclinical autistic traits among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder: Identifying the broader autism phenotype with a data-driven method [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Emre BORA, Auteur ; Aydan AYDIN, Auteur ; Tu?ba SARAÇ, Auteur ; Muhammed Tayyib KADAK, Auteur ; Sezen KOSE, Auteur . - p.321-326. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 10-2 (February 2017) . - p.321-326 Mots-clés : autistic traits  autism-spectrum questionnaire  latent class analysis  broader autism phenotype Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Clinical diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can be conceptualized as the extreme end of the distribution of subclinical autistic traits related to genetic susceptibility factors (broad autism phenotype (BAP)) in the general population. Subclinical autistic traits are significantly more common among unaffected first-degree relatives of probands with autism. However, there is a significant heterogeneity of autistic traits in family members of individuals with ASD and severity of autistic traits are not significantly different from controls in the majority of these relatives. The current study investigated the heterogeneity of autistic traits using latent class analysis (LCA) of the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) ratings of 673 parents of children with ASD and 147 parents of typically developing children. Two distinct subgroups, including a "low-scoring" and a "high-scorer (BAP)" groups, were found. In comparison to control parents, a significantly larger proportion (21.1% vs. 7.5%) of parents of ASD were members of BAP group. Communication subscale made a distinctive contribution to the separation of high and low-scoring groups (d?=?2.77). Further studies investigating neurobiological and genetic biomarkers and stability of these two subgroups over time are important for understanding the nature of autistic traits in the general population. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1661 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=303

Category structure and processing in 6-year-old children with autism / Allison BEAN ELLAWADI in Autism Research, 10-2 (February 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 10-2 (February 2017) . - p.327-336 Titre : Category structure and processing in 6-year-old children with autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Allison BEAN ELLAWADI, Auteur ; Deborah A. FEIN, Auteur ; Letitia R. NAIGLES, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.327-336 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  categorization  language development  children Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study investigated the categorization abilities of 6-year-old children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) as compared to their peers with typical development (TD) using a category verification task. We examined the impact of stimulus typicality on multiple aspects of real-time performance, including accuracy, reaction time, and performance stability. Both groups were more accurate in identifying typical category members than atypical ones; however, only the ASD group's accuracy was affected by item ordering, indicating less stable performance. Furthermore, category structure was predicted by concurrent language levels in the TD group but by concurrent nonverbal IQ in the ASD group; these latter two findings suggest that children with ASD process categories differently than their peers with TD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1652 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=303 [article] Category structure and processing in 6-year-old children with autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Allison BEAN ELLAWADI, Auteur ; Deborah A. FEIN, Auteur ; Letitia R. NAIGLES, Auteur . - p.327-336. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 10-2 (February 2017) . - p.327-336 Mots-clés : autism  categorization  language development  children Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study investigated the categorization abilities of 6-year-old children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) as compared to their peers with typical development (TD) using a category verification task. We examined the impact of stimulus typicality on multiple aspects of real-time performance, including accuracy, reaction time, and performance stability. Both groups were more accurate in identifying typical category members than atypical ones; however, only the ASD group's accuracy was affected by item ordering, indicating less stable performance. Furthermore, category structure was predicted by concurrent language levels in the TD group but by concurrent nonverbal IQ in the ASD group; these latter two findings suggest that children with ASD process categories differently than their peers with TD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1652 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=303

Children with autism spectrum disorder have reduced otoacoustic emissions at the 1 kHz mid-frequency region / Loisa BENNETTO in Autism Research, 10-2 (February 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 10-2 (February 2017) . - p.337-345 Titre : Children with autism spectrum disorder have reduced otoacoustic emissions at the 1 kHz mid-frequency region Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Loisa BENNETTO, Auteur ; Jessica M. KEITH, Auteur ; Paul D. ALLEN, Auteur ; Anne E. LUEBKE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.337-345 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : DPOAE  distortion-product otoacoustic emissions  TrOAE  transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions  autism  cochlea  efferent suppression  middle ear muscle reflex Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a behaviorally diagnosed disorder of early onset characterized by impairment in social communication and restricted and repetitive behaviors. Some of the earliest signs of ASD involve auditory processing, and a recent study found that hearing thresholds in children with ASD in the mid-range frequencies were significantly related to receptive and expressive language measures. In addition, otoacoustic emissions have been used to detect reduced cochlear function in the presence of normal audiometric thresholds. We were interested then to know if otoacoustic emissions in children with normal audiometric thresholds would also reveal differences between children with ASD and typical developing (TD) controls in mid-frequency regions. Our objective was to specifically measure baseline afferent otoacoustic emissions (distortion-product otoacoustic emissions [DPOAEs]), transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TrOAEs), and efferent suppression, in 35 children with high-functioning ASD compared with 42 aged-matched TD controls. All participants were males 6–17 years old, with normal audiometry, and rigorously characterized via Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule. Children with ASD had greatly reduced DPOAE responses in the 1 kHz frequency range, yet had comparable DPOAE responses at 0.5 and 4–8 kHz regions. Furthermore, analysis of the spectral features of TrOAEs revealed significantly decreased emissions in ASD in similar frequencies. No significant differences were noted in DPOAE or TrOAE noise floors, middle ear muscle reflex activity, or efferent suppression between children with ASD and TD controls. In conclusion, attention to specific-frequency deficits using non-invasive measures of cochlear function may be important in auditory processing impairments found in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1663 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=303 [article] Children with autism spectrum disorder have reduced otoacoustic emissions at the 1 kHz mid-frequency region [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Loisa BENNETTO, Auteur ; Jessica M. KEITH, Auteur ; Paul D. ALLEN, Auteur ; Anne E. LUEBKE, Auteur . - p.337-345. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 10-2 (February 2017) . - p.337-345 Mots-clés : DPOAE  distortion-product otoacoustic emissions  TrOAE  transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions  autism  cochlea  efferent suppression  middle ear muscle reflex Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a behaviorally diagnosed disorder of early onset characterized by impairment in social communication and restricted and repetitive behaviors. Some of the earliest signs of ASD involve auditory processing, and a recent study found that hearing thresholds in children with ASD in the mid-range frequencies were significantly related to receptive and expressive language measures. In addition, otoacoustic emissions have been used to detect reduced cochlear function in the presence of normal audiometric thresholds. We were interested then to know if otoacoustic emissions in children with normal audiometric thresholds would also reveal differences between children with ASD and typical developing (TD) controls in mid-frequency regions. Our objective was to specifically measure baseline afferent otoacoustic emissions (distortion-product otoacoustic emissions [DPOAEs]), transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TrOAEs), and efferent suppression, in 35 children with high-functioning ASD compared with 42 aged-matched TD controls. All participants were males 6–17 years old, with normal audiometry, and rigorously characterized via Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule. Children with ASD had greatly reduced DPOAE responses in the 1 kHz frequency range, yet had comparable DPOAE responses at 0.5 and 4–8 kHz regions. Furthermore, analysis of the spectral features of TrOAEs revealed significantly decreased emissions in ASD in similar frequencies. No significant differences were noted in DPOAE or TrOAE noise floors, middle ear muscle reflex activity, or efferent suppression between children with ASD and TD controls. In conclusion, attention to specific-frequency deficits using non-invasive measures of cochlear function may be important in auditory processing impairments found in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1663 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=303

Salivary cortisol and behavioral response to social evaluative threat in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder / E. Kale EDMISTON in Autism Research, 10-2 (February 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 10-2 (February 2017) . - p.346-358 Titre : Salivary cortisol and behavioral response to social evaluative threat in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : E. Kale EDMISTON, Auteur ; Scott D. BLAIN, Auteur ; Blythe A. CORBETT, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.346-358 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  adolescence  cortisol  HPA axis  displacement behavior  social evaluative threat Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social behavior. One possible explanation for social communication deficits in ASD could be differences in biological systems that support responses to environmental stimuli. If so, it is unclear if differences in the arousal response to social stimuli in ASD are due to reduced interest in social information, or to an increased stress response. The hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis facilitates arousal and the stress response to sensory input, including social stimuli. Previous research shows blunted cortisol response to social evaluative threat in children with ASD. The majority of prior work has focused on children with ASD, but adolescents with ASD are understudied. The adolescent period is of interest, as this developmental epoch is associated with increased salience of social evaluative threat in typically developing (TD) populations. In this study, we employed the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), a laboratory paradigm that involves exposure to social evaluative threat, to study the cortisol and behavioral response to social evaluative threat in ASD and TD adolescents. Salivary cortisol data were collected at six time points before and after the TSST. Behavioral data were collected using video recordings of the TSST, which were then operationalized and coded. Paired sample t-tests were used to calculate within-group cortisol response to the TSST. Cortisol significantly increased in response to the TSST in the TD group but not the ASD group. The TD group showed a trend for more self-soothing behaviors during the stressor than the ASD group. The lack of a cortisol response to the TSST in the ASD group suggests that the TSST is not interpreted as stressful or salient for ASD adolescents. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1660 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=303 [article] Salivary cortisol and behavioral response to social evaluative threat in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / E. Kale EDMISTON, Auteur ; Scott D. BLAIN, Auteur ; Blythe A. CORBETT, Auteur . - p.346-358. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 10-2 (February 2017) . - p.346-358 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  adolescence  cortisol  HPA axis  displacement behavior  social evaluative threat Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social behavior. One possible explanation for social communication deficits in ASD could be differences in biological systems that support responses to environmental stimuli. If so, it is unclear if differences in the arousal response to social stimuli in ASD are due to reduced interest in social information, or to an increased stress response. The hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis facilitates arousal and the stress response to sensory input, including social stimuli. Previous research shows blunted cortisol response to social evaluative threat in children with ASD. The majority of prior work has focused on children with ASD, but adolescents with ASD are understudied. The adolescent period is of interest, as this developmental epoch is associated with increased salience of social evaluative threat in typically developing (TD) populations. In this study, we employed the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), a laboratory paradigm that involves exposure to social evaluative threat, to study the cortisol and behavioral response to social evaluative threat in ASD and TD adolescents. Salivary cortisol data were collected at six time points before and after the TSST. Behavioral data were collected using video recordings of the TSST, which were then operationalized and coded. Paired sample t-tests were used to calculate within-group cortisol response to the TSST. Cortisol significantly increased in response to the TSST in the TD group but not the ASD group. The TD group showed a trend for more self-soothing behaviors during the stressor than the ASD group. The lack of a cortisol response to the TSST in the ASD group suggests that the TSST is not interpreted as stressful or salient for ASD adolescents. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1660 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=303

High autistic trait individuals do not modulate gaze behaviour in response to social presence but look away more when actively engaged in an interaction / Elisabeth A. H. VON DEM HAGEN in Autism Research, 10-2 (February 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 10-2 (February 2017) . - p.359-368 Titre : High autistic trait individuals do not modulate gaze behaviour in response to social presence but look away more when actively engaged in an interaction Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Elisabeth A. H. VON DEM HAGEN, Auteur ; Naomi BRIGHT, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.359-368 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum  social interaction  eye gaze  faces  theory-of-mind Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism is characterised by difficulties in social functioning, notably in interactions with other people. Yet, most studies addressing social difficulties have used static images or, at best, videos of social stimuli, with no scope for real interaction. Here, we study one crucial aspect of social interactions—gaze behaviour—in an interactive setting. First, typical individuals were shown videos of an experimenter and, by means of a deception procedure, were either led to believe that the experimenter was present via a live video-feed or was pre-recorded. Participants' eye movements revealed that when passively viewing an experimenter they believed to be “live,” they looked less at that person than when they believed the experimenter video was pre-recorded. Interestingly, this reduction in viewing behaviour in response to the believed “live” presence of the experimenter was absent in individuals high in autistic traits, suggesting a relative insensitivity to social presence alone. When participants were asked to actively engage in a real-time interaction with the experimenter, however, high autistic trait individuals looked significantly less at the experimenter relative to low autistic trait individuals. The results reinforce findings of atypical gaze behaviour in individuals high in autistic traits, but suggest that active engagement in a social interaction may be important in eliciting reduced looking. We propose that difficulties with the spatio-temporal dynamics associated with real social interactions rather than underlying difficulties processing the social stimulus itself may drive these effects. The results underline the importance of developing ecologically valid methods to investigate social cognition. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1666 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=303 [article] High autistic trait individuals do not modulate gaze behaviour in response to social presence but look away more when actively engaged in an interaction [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Elisabeth A. H. VON DEM HAGEN, Auteur ; Naomi BRIGHT, Auteur . - p.359-368. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 10-2 (February 2017) . - p.359-368 Mots-clés : autism spectrum  social interaction  eye gaze  faces  theory-of-mind Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism is characterised by difficulties in social functioning, notably in interactions with other people. Yet, most studies addressing social difficulties have used static images or, at best, videos of social stimuli, with no scope for real interaction. Here, we study one crucial aspect of social interactions—gaze behaviour—in an interactive setting. First, typical individuals were shown videos of an experimenter and, by means of a deception procedure, were either led to believe that the experimenter was present via a live video-feed or was pre-recorded. Participants' eye movements revealed that when passively viewing an experimenter they believed to be “live,” they looked less at that person than when they believed the experimenter video was pre-recorded. Interestingly, this reduction in viewing behaviour in response to the believed “live” presence of the experimenter was absent in individuals high in autistic traits, suggesting a relative insensitivity to social presence alone. When participants were asked to actively engage in a real-time interaction with the experimenter, however, high autistic trait individuals looked significantly less at the experimenter relative to low autistic trait individuals. The results reinforce findings of atypical gaze behaviour in individuals high in autistic traits, but suggest that active engagement in a social interaction may be important in eliciting reduced looking. We propose that difficulties with the spatio-temporal dynamics associated with real social interactions rather than underlying difficulties processing the social stimulus itself may drive these effects. The results underline the importance of developing ecologically valid methods to investigate social cognition. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1666 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=303

Scientific Summaries for Families with ASD in Autism Research, 10-2 (February 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 10-2 (February 2017) . - p.369-375 Titre : Scientific Summaries for Families with ASD Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Article en page(s) : p.369-375 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1768 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=303 [article] Scientific Summaries for Families with ASD [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] . - p.369-375. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 10-2 (February 2017) . - p.369-375 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1768 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=303

International society for autism research news www.autism-insar.org in Autism Research, 10-2 (February 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 10-2 (February 2017) . - p.376-377 Titre : International society for autism research news www.autism-insar.org Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Article en page(s) : p.376-377 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1769 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=303 [article] International society for autism research news www.autism-insar.org [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] . - p.376-377. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 10-2 (February 2017) . - p.376-377 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1769 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=303