Dépouillements

Editorial: Capturing the dynamics of development and psychopathology: from neural circuits to global trends / Richard M. PASCO FEARON in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-3 (March 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-3 (March 2015) . - p.203-205 Titre : Editorial: Capturing the dynamics of development and psychopathology: from neural circuits to global trends Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Richard M. PASCO FEARON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.203-205 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Developmental psychopathology  neural circuits  global trends  innovations  complexity  child disorder  maladaptation  RDoC Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Every year, the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry dedicates an entire issue to state-of-the-art reviews of the science underpinning our field, conducted by leading international experts. Like last year, the Editors sought to bring together a wide range of topics and thinkers covering many of the major themes that define contemporary child psychology and psychiatry. As always, the result is a veritable treasure trove of data and ideas on some of the most important topics of our times. For the second year running, we also invited commentaries from world-leading experts to accompany each review, and in every case the reviews and their commentaries create a fascinating, forward-looking dialogue about the hurdles that have been overcome, and the challenges that lie ahead. As you read the articles in the this year's Annual Research Review issue, many common threads will no doubt strike you. To my mind, one notable feature of all the articles was the extent to which elegant research designs, and innovations in technology, have been, and will always be, the key to unlocking some of the central puzzles we are faced with when trying to elucidate the mechanisms of child psychopathology: the innovative use of MRI to reveal the complex structural and functional networks of neuronal organization (Vertes & Bulmore); the importance of well-chosen quasi-experiments to reveal the distinctive sequelae of adverse early care (Zeanah & Gleason), or throw light on the very earliest neurodevelopmental processes implicated in ASD and ADHD (Johnson, Gliga, Jones & Charman); the enormous value of consistent measurement and rigorous epidemiological sampling for charting, and understanding, variations in child psychopathology across nations (Polanczyk, Salum, Sugaya, Caye & Rohde), over the lifespan (Costello & Maughan), and over social periods (Collishaw); the use of rare genetic syndromes for disentangling the common and distinct developmental mechanisms involved in ADHD and other neurodevelopmental disorders (Scerif & Baker), and the major contribution of high-density genotyping, next-generation sequencing and large-scale international collaborative consortia for revealing the hidden heritability problem and pointing to some of the ways it can be tackled (Kiser, Rivero & Lesch). I was also struck by the fact all the authors showed a great willingness to embrace complexity …. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12404 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=259 [article] Editorial: Capturing the dynamics of development and psychopathology: from neural circuits to global trends [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Richard M. PASCO FEARON, Auteur . - p.203-205. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-3 (March 2015) . - p.203-205 Mots-clés : Developmental psychopathology  neural circuits  global trends  innovations  complexity  child disorder  maladaptation  RDoC Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Every year, the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry dedicates an entire issue to state-of-the-art reviews of the science underpinning our field, conducted by leading international experts. Like last year, the Editors sought to bring together a wide range of topics and thinkers covering many of the major themes that define contemporary child psychology and psychiatry. As always, the result is a veritable treasure trove of data and ideas on some of the most important topics of our times. For the second year running, we also invited commentaries from world-leading experts to accompany each review, and in every case the reviews and their commentaries create a fascinating, forward-looking dialogue about the hurdles that have been overcome, and the challenges that lie ahead. As you read the articles in the this year's Annual Research Review issue, many common threads will no doubt strike you. To my mind, one notable feature of all the articles was the extent to which elegant research designs, and innovations in technology, have been, and will always be, the key to unlocking some of the central puzzles we are faced with when trying to elucidate the mechanisms of child psychopathology: the innovative use of MRI to reveal the complex structural and functional networks of neuronal organization (Vertes & Bulmore); the importance of well-chosen quasi-experiments to reveal the distinctive sequelae of adverse early care (Zeanah & Gleason), or throw light on the very earliest neurodevelopmental processes implicated in ASD and ADHD (Johnson, Gliga, Jones & Charman); the enormous value of consistent measurement and rigorous epidemiological sampling for charting, and understanding, variations in child psychopathology across nations (Polanczyk, Salum, Sugaya, Caye & Rohde), over the lifespan (Costello & Maughan), and over social periods (Collishaw); the use of rare genetic syndromes for disentangling the common and distinct developmental mechanisms involved in ADHD and other neurodevelopmental disorders (Scerif & Baker), and the major contribution of high-density genotyping, next-generation sequencing and large-scale international collaborative consortia for revealing the hidden heritability problem and pointing to some of the ways it can be tackled (Kiser, Rivero & Lesch). I was also struck by the fact all the authors showed a great willingness to embrace complexity …. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12404 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=259

Annual Research Review: Attachment disorders in early childhood – clinical presentation, causes, correlates, and treatment / Charles H. ZEANAH in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-3 (March 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-3 (March 2015) . - p.207-222 Titre : Annual Research Review: Attachment disorders in early childhood – clinical presentation, causes, correlates, and treatment Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Charles H. ZEANAH, Auteur ; Mary Margaret GLEASON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.207-222 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Attachment  attachment disorder  reactive attachment disorder  disinhibited social engagement disorder  indiscriminate behavior  psychopathology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Though noted in the clinical literature for more than 50 years, attachment disorders have been studied systematically only recently. In part because of the ubiquity of attachments in humans, determining when aberrant behavior is best explained as an attachment disorder as opposed to insecure attachment has led to some confusion. In this selective review, we consider the literature on reactive attachment disorder and disinhibited social engagement disorder and describe an emerging consensus about a number of issues, while also noting some areas of controversy and others where we lack clear answers. We include a brief history of the classification of the disorders, as well as measurement issues. We describe their clinical presentation, causes and vulnerability factors, and clinical correlates, including the relation of disorders to secure and insecure attachment classifications. We also review what little is known and what more we need to learn about interventions. Methods We conducted a literature search using PubMed, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library databases, using search terms ‘reactive attachment disorder,’ ‘attachment disorder,’ ‘indiscriminate behavior,’ ‘indiscriminate friendliness,’ ‘indiscriminate socially disinhibited reactive attachment disorder,’ ‘disinhibited social engagement disorder,’ and ‘disinhibited social behavior.’ We also contacted investigators who have published on these topics. Findings A growing literature has assessed behaviors in children who have experienced various types of adverse caregiving environments reflecting signs of putative attachment disorders, though fewer studies have investigated categorically defined attachment disorders. The evidence for two separate disorders is considerable, with reactive attachment disorder indicating children who lack attachments despite the developmental capacity to form them, and disinhibited social engagement disorder indicating children who lack developmentally appropriate reticence with unfamiliar adults and who violate socially sanctioned boundaries. Conclusions Although many questions remain to be answered, especially regarding appropriate interventions, we know considerably more about attachment disorders than we did only a decade ago. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12347 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=259 [article] Annual Research Review: Attachment disorders in early childhood – clinical presentation, causes, correlates, and treatment [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Charles H. ZEANAH, Auteur ; Mary Margaret GLEASON, Auteur . - p.207-222. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-3 (March 2015) . - p.207-222 Mots-clés : Attachment  attachment disorder  reactive attachment disorder  disinhibited social engagement disorder  indiscriminate behavior  psychopathology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Though noted in the clinical literature for more than 50 years, attachment disorders have been studied systematically only recently. In part because of the ubiquity of attachments in humans, determining when aberrant behavior is best explained as an attachment disorder as opposed to insecure attachment has led to some confusion. In this selective review, we consider the literature on reactive attachment disorder and disinhibited social engagement disorder and describe an emerging consensus about a number of issues, while also noting some areas of controversy and others where we lack clear answers. We include a brief history of the classification of the disorders, as well as measurement issues. We describe their clinical presentation, causes and vulnerability factors, and clinical correlates, including the relation of disorders to secure and insecure attachment classifications. We also review what little is known and what more we need to learn about interventions. Methods We conducted a literature search using PubMed, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library databases, using search terms ‘reactive attachment disorder,’ ‘attachment disorder,’ ‘indiscriminate behavior,’ ‘indiscriminate friendliness,’ ‘indiscriminate socially disinhibited reactive attachment disorder,’ ‘disinhibited social engagement disorder,’ and ‘disinhibited social behavior.’ We also contacted investigators who have published on these topics. Findings A growing literature has assessed behaviors in children who have experienced various types of adverse caregiving environments reflecting signs of putative attachment disorders, though fewer studies have investigated categorically defined attachment disorders. The evidence for two separate disorders is considerable, with reactive attachment disorder indicating children who lack attachments despite the developmental capacity to form them, and disinhibited social engagement disorder indicating children who lack developmentally appropriate reticence with unfamiliar adults and who violate socially sanctioned boundaries. Conclusions Although many questions remain to be answered, especially regarding appropriate interventions, we know considerably more about attachment disorders than we did only a decade ago. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12347 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=259

Commentary: Should we move away from an attachment framework for understanding disinhibited social engagement disorder (DSED)? A commentary on Zeanah and Gleason () / Karlen LYONS-RUTH in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-3 (March 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-3 (March 2015) . - p.223-227 Titre : Commentary: Should we move away from an attachment framework for understanding disinhibited social engagement disorder (DSED)? A commentary on Zeanah and Gleason () Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Karlen LYONS-RUTH, Auteur ; Charles H. ZEANAH, Auteur ; Mary Margaret GLEASON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.223-227 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Reactive attachment disorder  disinhibited social engagement disorder  infant social behavior  attachment relationships social neglect Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Zeanah and Gleason have contributed a very informative and comprehensive review of the considerable recent advances in understanding reactive attachment disorder (RAD) and disinhibited social engagement disorder (DSED). Research in the past 15 years has grounded these diagnoses in a solid evidence base, due to the sophisticated work carried out by investigators of the ERAS and BEIP studies, as well as other efforts. The authors do an elegant job of synthesizing this new evidence and highlighting the questions and current controversies that emerge from so much new information. Given the scope of their task, they had limited space to elaborate on underlying etiological and conceptual models for these disorders and, in particular, the conceptual controversy underlying the recent DSM-5 decision to relabel Reactive Attachment Disorder- Indiscriminate Type to Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder. That change essentially turns on whether DSED should be considered a disorder of attachment or a disorder with a nonattachment-related etiology. This is an important controversy that will define research agendas for future studies and that goes to the heart of how to mount effective interventions for DSED. Thus, it is important to clarify the conceptualizations of etiological mechanisms that might underlie DSED. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12373 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=259 [article] Commentary: Should we move away from an attachment framework for understanding disinhibited social engagement disorder (DSED)? A commentary on Zeanah and Gleason () [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Karlen LYONS-RUTH, Auteur ; Charles H. ZEANAH, Auteur ; Mary Margaret GLEASON, Auteur . - p.223-227. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-3 (March 2015) . - p.223-227 Mots-clés : Reactive attachment disorder  disinhibited social engagement disorder  infant social behavior  attachment relationships social neglect Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Zeanah and Gleason have contributed a very informative and comprehensive review of the considerable recent advances in understanding reactive attachment disorder (RAD) and disinhibited social engagement disorder (DSED). Research in the past 15 years has grounded these diagnoses in a solid evidence base, due to the sophisticated work carried out by investigators of the ERAS and BEIP studies, as well as other efforts. The authors do an elegant job of synthesizing this new evidence and highlighting the questions and current controversies that emerge from so much new information. Given the scope of their task, they had limited space to elaborate on underlying etiological and conceptual models for these disorders and, in particular, the conceptual controversy underlying the recent DSM-5 decision to relabel Reactive Attachment Disorder- Indiscriminate Type to Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder. That change essentially turns on whether DSED should be considered a disorder of attachment or a disorder with a nonattachment-related etiology. This is an important controversy that will define research agendas for future studies and that goes to the heart of how to mount effective interventions for DSED. Thus, it is important to clarify the conceptualizations of etiological mechanisms that might underlie DSED. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12373 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=259

Annual Research Review: Infant development, autism, and ADHD – early pathways to emerging disorders / Mark H. JOHNSON in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-3 (March 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-3 (March 2015) . - p.228-247 Titre : Annual Research Review: Infant development, autism, and ADHD – early pathways to emerging disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Mark H. JOHNSON, Auteur ; Teodora GLIGA, Auteur ; Emily JONES, Auteur ; Tony CHARMAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.228-247 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Neurodevelopmental disorder  prediction, risk factors  developmental pathways  ADHD  autism spectrum disorders Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are two of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders, with a high degree of co-occurrence. Methods Prospective longitudinal studies of infants who later meet criteria for ASD or ADHD offer the opportunity to determine whether the two disorders share developmental pathways. Results Prospective studies of younger siblings of children with autism have revealed a range of infant behavioral and neural markers associated with later diagnosis of ASD. Research on infants with later ADHD is less developed, but emerging evidence reveals a number of relations between infant measures and later symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity. Conclusions We review this literature, highlighting points of convergence and divergence in the early pathways to ASD and ADHD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12328 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=259 [article] Annual Research Review: Infant development, autism, and ADHD – early pathways to emerging disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Mark H. JOHNSON, Auteur ; Teodora GLIGA, Auteur ; Emily JONES, Auteur ; Tony CHARMAN, Auteur . - p.228-247. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-3 (March 2015) . - p.228-247 Mots-clés : Neurodevelopmental disorder  prediction, risk factors  developmental pathways  ADHD  autism spectrum disorders Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are two of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders, with a high degree of co-occurrence. Methods Prospective longitudinal studies of infants who later meet criteria for ASD or ADHD offer the opportunity to determine whether the two disorders share developmental pathways. Results Prospective studies of younger siblings of children with autism have revealed a range of infant behavioral and neural markers associated with later diagnosis of ASD. Research on infants with later ADHD is less developed, but emerging evidence reveals a number of relations between infant measures and later symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity. Conclusions We review this literature, highlighting points of convergence and divergence in the early pathways to ASD and ADHD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12328 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=259

Commentary: Developmental origins of autism and ADHD – a commentary on Johnson et al. () / Charles A. NELSON in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-3 (March 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-3 (March 2015) . - p.248-250 Titre : Commentary: Developmental origins of autism and ADHD – a commentary on Johnson et al. () Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Charles A. NELSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.248-250 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  ADHD  neurodevelopmental origins  early experience  neural and molecular mechanisms Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism (autistic spectrum disorder, ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are two highly prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders. Current estimates for autism exceed 1% For ADHD, the 2013 US-based life time prevalence figure is 11%. Both disorders are also highly heritable. Intriguingly, approximately 50% of children with ASD also meet criteria for ADHD. Between their high heritability and comorbidity, some have wondered whether these two seemingly different disorders might in fact be related at some deep neurobiological level. The notion that these two disorders may be related is surprising when one considers the fact that autism generally appears in the first 1–2 years of life, whereas it is virtually impossible to identify ADHD during this time frame; indeed, inattentiveness and hyperactivity tend to be traits that are shared by nearly all toddlers, making a stable diagnosis of ADHD virtually impossible until early childhood (although a reliable diagnosis can generally be made during the preschool period). Like many neurodevelopmental disorders, early identification and early treatment are essential to easing the life time burden of these disorders. Of course, early treatment is predicated on early identification and it is for this reason that the review article by Johnson and colleagues is so intriguing, as it sets out to determine whether these disorders can be identified in the infancy period. It also raises a number of puzzling issues that remain undiscussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12375 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=259 [article] Commentary: Developmental origins of autism and ADHD – a commentary on Johnson et al. () [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Charles A. NELSON, Auteur . - p.248-250. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-3 (March 2015) . - p.248-250 Mots-clés : Autism  ADHD  neurodevelopmental origins  early experience  neural and molecular mechanisms Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism (autistic spectrum disorder, ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are two highly prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders. Current estimates for autism exceed 1% For ADHD, the 2013 US-based life time prevalence figure is 11%. Both disorders are also highly heritable. Intriguingly, approximately 50% of children with ASD also meet criteria for ADHD. Between their high heritability and comorbidity, some have wondered whether these two seemingly different disorders might in fact be related at some deep neurobiological level. The notion that these two disorders may be related is surprising when one considers the fact that autism generally appears in the first 1–2 years of life, whereas it is virtually impossible to identify ADHD during this time frame; indeed, inattentiveness and hyperactivity tend to be traits that are shared by nearly all toddlers, making a stable diagnosis of ADHD virtually impossible until early childhood (although a reliable diagnosis can generally be made during the preschool period). Like many neurodevelopmental disorders, early identification and early treatment are essential to easing the life time burden of these disorders. Of course, early treatment is predicated on early identification and it is for this reason that the review article by Johnson and colleagues is so intriguing, as it sets out to determine whether these disorders can be identified in the infancy period. It also raises a number of puzzling issues that remain undiscussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12375 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=259

Annual Research Review: Rare genotypes and childhood psychopathology – uncovering diverse developmental mechanisms of ADHD risk / Gaia SCERIF in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-3 (March 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-3 (March 2015) . - p.251-273 Titre : Annual Research Review: Rare genotypes and childhood psychopathology – uncovering diverse developmental mechanisms of ADHD risk Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Gaia SCERIF, Auteur ; Kate BAKER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.251-273 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Rare genotypes  causal pathways  developmental mechanisms  ADHD risk Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Through the increased availability and sophistication of genetic testing, it is now possible to identify causal diagnoses in a growing proportion of children with neurodevelopmental disorders. In addition to developmental delay and intellectual disability, many genetic disorders are associated with high risks of psychopathology, which curtail the wellbeing of affected individuals and their families. Beyond the identification of significant clinical needs, understanding the diverse pathways from rare genetic mutations to cognitive dysfunction and emotional–behavioural disturbance has theoretical and practical utility. Methods We overview (based on a strategic search of the literature) the state-of-the-art on causal mechanisms leading to one of the most common childhood behavioural diagnoses – attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) – in the context of specific genetic disorders. We focus on new insights emerging from the mapping of causal pathways from identified genetic differences to neuronal biology, brain abnormalities, cognitive processing differences and ultimately behavioural symptoms of ADHD. Findings First, ADHD research in the context of rare genotypes highlights the complexity of multilevel mechanisms contributing to psychopathology risk. Second, comparisons between genetic disorders associated with similar psychopathology risks can elucidate convergent or distinct mechanisms at each level of analysis, which may inform therapeutic interventions and prognosis. Third, genetic disorders provide an unparalleled opportunity to observe dynamic developmental interactions between neurocognitive risk and behavioural symptoms. Fourth, variation in expression of psychopathology risk within each genetic disorder points to putative moderating and protective factors within the genome and the environment. Conclusion A common imperative emerging within psychopathology research is the need to investigate mechanistically how developmental trajectories converge or diverge between and within genotype-defined groups. Crucially, as genetic predispositions modify interaction dynamics from the outset, longitudinal research is required to understand the multi-level developmental processes that mediate symptom evolution. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12374 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=259 [article] Annual Research Review: Rare genotypes and childhood psychopathology – uncovering diverse developmental mechanisms of ADHD risk [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Gaia SCERIF, Auteur ; Kate BAKER, Auteur . - p.251-273. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-3 (March 2015) . - p.251-273 Mots-clés : Rare genotypes  causal pathways  developmental mechanisms  ADHD risk Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Through the increased availability and sophistication of genetic testing, it is now possible to identify causal diagnoses in a growing proportion of children with neurodevelopmental disorders. In addition to developmental delay and intellectual disability, many genetic disorders are associated with high risks of psychopathology, which curtail the wellbeing of affected individuals and their families. Beyond the identification of significant clinical needs, understanding the diverse pathways from rare genetic mutations to cognitive dysfunction and emotional–behavioural disturbance has theoretical and practical utility. Methods We overview (based on a strategic search of the literature) the state-of-the-art on causal mechanisms leading to one of the most common childhood behavioural diagnoses – attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) – in the context of specific genetic disorders. We focus on new insights emerging from the mapping of causal pathways from identified genetic differences to neuronal biology, brain abnormalities, cognitive processing differences and ultimately behavioural symptoms of ADHD. Findings First, ADHD research in the context of rare genotypes highlights the complexity of multilevel mechanisms contributing to psychopathology risk. Second, comparisons between genetic disorders associated with similar psychopathology risks can elucidate convergent or distinct mechanisms at each level of analysis, which may inform therapeutic interventions and prognosis. Third, genetic disorders provide an unparalleled opportunity to observe dynamic developmental interactions between neurocognitive risk and behavioural symptoms. Fourth, variation in expression of psychopathology risk within each genetic disorder points to putative moderating and protective factors within the genome and the environment. Conclusion A common imperative emerging within psychopathology research is the need to investigate mechanistically how developmental trajectories converge or diverge between and within genotype-defined groups. Crucially, as genetic predispositions modify interaction dynamics from the outset, longitudinal research is required to understand the multi-level developmental processes that mediate symptom evolution. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12374 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=259

Commentary: Insights from across diagnostic boundaries: ADHD in the RDoC era – a commentary on Scerif and Baker () / Alysa E. DOYLE in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-3 (March 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-3 (March 2015) . - p.274-277 Titre : Commentary: Insights from across diagnostic boundaries: ADHD in the RDoC era – a commentary on Scerif and Baker () Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Alysa E. DOYLE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.274-277 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder  RDoC framework  shared risk mechanisms  child psychopathology  genetic studies Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Unbiased genomewide association studies of tens of thousands of individuals are transforming our understanding of the origins and structure of psychopathology across the lifespan. Together with findings from epidemiology and cognitive neuroscience, these recent molecular genetic studies underscore the importance of studying phenotypes across as well as within conventional psychiatric diagnoses in order to construct a more pathophysiologically grounded taxonomy from the bottom up. Such efforts, promoted by NIMH's Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework, are critical to developing more accurate models of the risk mechanisms that are shared and distinct across various psychopathologic outcomes. In turn, these models could reveal new treatment targets and early intervention opportunities. In their article in the 2015 JCPP Annual Research Review, Scerif and Baker remind us that bottom-up insights into psychiatric illness might also be gained by examining specific genetic disorders that often fall within the purview of pediatrics and neurology. These authors note high rates of symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in syndromes with known and often monogenic genetic causes (e.g. Fragile X) and suggest that studying the ADHD-like phenomena in these conditions may provide insight into ADHD itself. This commentary highlights themes from Scerif and Baker's review that overlap with the core tenets of RDoC and notes their significance for advancing our understanding of ADHD in the coming years. It concludes by suggesting ways in which further attention to the RDoC framework could also enhance Scerif and Baker's agenda. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12401 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260 [article] Commentary: Insights from across diagnostic boundaries: ADHD in the RDoC era – a commentary on Scerif and Baker () [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Alysa E. DOYLE, Auteur . - p.274-277. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-3 (March 2015) . - p.274-277 Mots-clés : Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder  RDoC framework  shared risk mechanisms  child psychopathology  genetic studies Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Unbiased genomewide association studies of tens of thousands of individuals are transforming our understanding of the origins and structure of psychopathology across the lifespan. Together with findings from epidemiology and cognitive neuroscience, these recent molecular genetic studies underscore the importance of studying phenotypes across as well as within conventional psychiatric diagnoses in order to construct a more pathophysiologically grounded taxonomy from the bottom up. Such efforts, promoted by NIMH's Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework, are critical to developing more accurate models of the risk mechanisms that are shared and distinct across various psychopathologic outcomes. In turn, these models could reveal new treatment targets and early intervention opportunities. In their article in the 2015 JCPP Annual Research Review, Scerif and Baker remind us that bottom-up insights into psychiatric illness might also be gained by examining specific genetic disorders that often fall within the purview of pediatrics and neurology. These authors note high rates of symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in syndromes with known and often monogenic genetic causes (e.g. Fragile X) and suggest that studying the ADHD-like phenomena in these conditions may provide insight into ADHD itself. This commentary highlights themes from Scerif and Baker's review that overlap with the core tenets of RDoC and notes their significance for advancing our understanding of ADHD in the coming years. It concludes by suggesting ways in which further attention to the RDoC framework could also enhance Scerif and Baker's agenda. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12401 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260

Annual Research Review: The (epi)genetics of neurodevelopmental disorders in the era of whole-genome sequencing – unveiling the dark matter / Dominik P. KISER in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-3 (March 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-3 (March 2015) . - p.278-295 Titre : Annual Research Review: The (epi)genetics of neurodevelopmental disorders in the era of whole-genome sequencing – unveiling the dark matter Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Dominik P. KISER, Auteur ; Olga RIVERO, Auteur ; Klaus-Peter LESCH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.278-295 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Neurodevelopmental disorders  intellectual disability  autism  ADHD  genetics  epigenetic programming  whole-genome screening  evolution Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background and Scope Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are defined by a wide variety of behavioural phenotypes, psychopathology and clinically informed categorical classifications. Diagnostic entities include intellectual disability (ID), the autism spectrum (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The aetiopathogenesis of these conditions and disorders involves an interaction between both genetic and environmental risk factors on the developmental trajectory. Despite their remarkable genetic heterogeneity and complexity of pathophysiological mechanisms, NDDs display an overlap in their phenotypic features, a considerable degree of comorbidity as well as sharing of genetic and environmental risk factors. This review aims to provide an overview of the genetics and epigenetic of NDDs. Findings Recent evidence suggests a critical role of defined and tightly regulated neurodevelopmental programs running out of control in NDDs, most notably neuronal proliferation and migration, synapse formation and remodelling, as well as neural network configuration resulting in compromised systems connectivity and function. Moreover, the machinery of epigenetic programming, interacting with genetic liability, impacts many of those processes and pathways, thus modifying vulnerability of, and resilience to, NDDs. Consequently, the categorically defined entities of ID, ADHD and ASD are increasingly viewed as disorders on a multidimensional continuum of molecular and cellular deficiencies in neurodevelopment. As such, this range of NDDs displays a broad phenotypic diversity, which may be explained by a combination and interplay of underlying loss- and potential gain-of-function traits. Conclusion In this overview, we discuss a backbone continuum concept of NDDs by summarizing pertinent findings in genetics and epigenetics. We also provide an appraisal of the genetic overlap versus differences, with a focus on genome-wide screening approaches for (epi)genetic variation. Finally, we conclude with insights from evolutionary psychobiology suggesting positive selection for discrete NDD-associated traits. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12392 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260 [article] Annual Research Review: The (epi)genetics of neurodevelopmental disorders in the era of whole-genome sequencing – unveiling the dark matter [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Dominik P. KISER, Auteur ; Olga RIVERO, Auteur ; Klaus-Peter LESCH, Auteur . - p.278-295. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-3 (March 2015) . - p.278-295 Mots-clés : Neurodevelopmental disorders  intellectual disability  autism  ADHD  genetics  epigenetic programming  whole-genome screening  evolution Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background and Scope Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are defined by a wide variety of behavioural phenotypes, psychopathology and clinically informed categorical classifications. Diagnostic entities include intellectual disability (ID), the autism spectrum (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The aetiopathogenesis of these conditions and disorders involves an interaction between both genetic and environmental risk factors on the developmental trajectory. Despite their remarkable genetic heterogeneity and complexity of pathophysiological mechanisms, NDDs display an overlap in their phenotypic features, a considerable degree of comorbidity as well as sharing of genetic and environmental risk factors. This review aims to provide an overview of the genetics and epigenetic of NDDs. Findings Recent evidence suggests a critical role of defined and tightly regulated neurodevelopmental programs running out of control in NDDs, most notably neuronal proliferation and migration, synapse formation and remodelling, as well as neural network configuration resulting in compromised systems connectivity and function. Moreover, the machinery of epigenetic programming, interacting with genetic liability, impacts many of those processes and pathways, thus modifying vulnerability of, and resilience to, NDDs. Consequently, the categorically defined entities of ID, ADHD and ASD are increasingly viewed as disorders on a multidimensional continuum of molecular and cellular deficiencies in neurodevelopment. As such, this range of NDDs displays a broad phenotypic diversity, which may be explained by a combination and interplay of underlying loss- and potential gain-of-function traits. Conclusion In this overview, we discuss a backbone continuum concept of NDDs by summarizing pertinent findings in genetics and epigenetics. We also provide an appraisal of the genetic overlap versus differences, with a focus on genome-wide screening approaches for (epi)genetic variation. Finally, we conclude with insights from evolutionary psychobiology suggesting positive selection for discrete NDD-associated traits. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12392 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260

Commentary: We've only just begun: unravelling the underlying genetics of neurodevelopmental disorders – a commentary on Kiser et al. () / David COGHILL in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-3 (March 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-3 (March 2015) . - p.296-298 Titre : Commentary: We've only just begun: unravelling the underlying genetics of neurodevelopmental disorders – a commentary on Kiser et al. () Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : David COGHILL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.296-298 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Neurodevelopmental disorders  genetic variations  genomics  neurobiology  shared cognitive deficits  de novo mutations Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Kiser and colleagues (this issue) have presented us with a comprehensive and bold review that describes current understanding of the genetic influences that underpin three of the most important neurodevelopmental disorders: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID), and explores several new avenues of thinking that are opening up based on this knowledge. Based on phenotypic overlap, comorbidity and a sharing of genetic and environmental risks they propose that ADHD, ASD and ID together form part of a continuum. The idea that disorders we have traditionally seen as being separate are in fact inter-related is, of course, not an entirely new one and indeed has similarly been proposed for the developmental disorders by Gillberg and in a more general way as a part of the NIMH Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) project. Where this review differs is in the authors’ attempts to look at several possible mechanisms for these. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12399 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260 [article] Commentary: We've only just begun: unravelling the underlying genetics of neurodevelopmental disorders – a commentary on Kiser et al. () [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / David COGHILL, Auteur . - p.296-298. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-3 (March 2015) . - p.296-298 Mots-clés : Neurodevelopmental disorders  genetic variations  genomics  neurobiology  shared cognitive deficits  de novo mutations Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Kiser and colleagues (this issue) have presented us with a comprehensive and bold review that describes current understanding of the genetic influences that underpin three of the most important neurodevelopmental disorders: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID), and explores several new avenues of thinking that are opening up based on this knowledge. Based on phenotypic overlap, comorbidity and a sharing of genetic and environmental risks they propose that ADHD, ASD and ID together form part of a continuum. The idea that disorders we have traditionally seen as being separate are in fact inter-related is, of course, not an entirely new one and indeed has similarly been proposed for the developmental disorders by Gillberg and in a more general way as a part of the NIMH Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) project. Where this review differs is in the authors’ attempts to look at several possible mechanisms for these. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12399 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260

Annual Research Review: Growth connectomics – the organization and reorganization of brain networks during normal and abnormal development / Petra E. VERTES in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-3 (March 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-3 (March 2015) . - p.299-320 Titre : Annual Research Review: Growth connectomics – the organization and reorganization of brain networks during normal and abnormal development Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Petra E. VERTES, Auteur ; Edward T. BULLMORE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.299-320 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Brain networks  connectomics  development  cognitive change  neurodevelopmental disorders Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background We first give a brief introduction to graph theoretical analysis and its application to the study of brain network topology or connectomics. Within this framework, we review the existing empirical data on developmental changes in brain network organization across a range of experimental modalities (including structural and functional MRI, diffusion tensor imaging, magnetoencephalography and electroencephalography in humans). Synthesis We discuss preliminary evidence and current hypotheses for how the emergence of network properties correlates with concomitant cognitive and behavioural changes associated with development. We highlight some of the technical and conceptual challenges to be addressed by future developments in this rapidly moving field. Given the parallels previously discovered between neural systems across species and over a range of spatial scales, we also review some recent advances in developmental network studies at the cellular scale. We highlight the opportunities presented by such studies and how they may complement neuroimaging in advancing our understanding of brain development. Finally, we note that many brain and mind disorders are thought to be neurodevelopmental in origin and that charting the trajectory of brain network changes associated with healthy development also sets the stage for understanding abnormal network development. Conclusions We therefore briefly review the clinical relevance of network metrics as potential diagnostic markers and some recent efforts in computational modelling of brain networks which might contribute to a more mechanistic understanding of neurodevelopmental disorders in future. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12365 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260 [article] Annual Research Review: Growth connectomics – the organization and reorganization of brain networks during normal and abnormal development [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Petra E. VERTES, Auteur ; Edward T. BULLMORE, Auteur . - p.299-320. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-3 (March 2015) . - p.299-320 Mots-clés : Brain networks  connectomics  development  cognitive change  neurodevelopmental disorders Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background We first give a brief introduction to graph theoretical analysis and its application to the study of brain network topology or connectomics. Within this framework, we review the existing empirical data on developmental changes in brain network organization across a range of experimental modalities (including structural and functional MRI, diffusion tensor imaging, magnetoencephalography and electroencephalography in humans). Synthesis We discuss preliminary evidence and current hypotheses for how the emergence of network properties correlates with concomitant cognitive and behavioural changes associated with development. We highlight some of the technical and conceptual challenges to be addressed by future developments in this rapidly moving field. Given the parallels previously discovered between neural systems across species and over a range of spatial scales, we also review some recent advances in developmental network studies at the cellular scale. We highlight the opportunities presented by such studies and how they may complement neuroimaging in advancing our understanding of brain development. Finally, we note that many brain and mind disorders are thought to be neurodevelopmental in origin and that charting the trajectory of brain network changes associated with healthy development also sets the stage for understanding abnormal network development. Conclusions We therefore briefly review the clinical relevance of network metrics as potential diagnostic markers and some recent efforts in computational modelling of brain networks which might contribute to a more mechanistic understanding of neurodevelopmental disorders in future. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12365 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260

Commentary: Developmental connectomics to advance our understanding of typical and atypical brain development – a commentary on Vértes and Bullmore () / Alice M. GRAHAM in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-3 (March 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-3 (March 2015) . - p.321-323 Titre : Commentary: Developmental connectomics to advance our understanding of typical and atypical brain development – a commentary on Vértes and Bullmore () Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Alice M. GRAHAM, Auteur ; Damien A. FAIR, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.321-323 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Brain development  neuropsychiatric disorders  neuroimaging  connectome  DOHad Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Vértes and Bullmore's article lays a framework for applying connectomics, the study of brain function from the perspective of underlying network organization, to advance understanding of healthy and maladaptive brain development. They elucidate the power of connectomics for bridging both different levels of analysis (e.g. from synapses to brain regions) and multiple academic fields. In this commentary, we highlight important themes and remaining questions stemming from Vértes and Bullmore's work, including: (a) the application of connectomics in the context of integrating analyses across multiple spatial and temporal dimensions, (b) the extent to which connectomics might be applied in translational and clinical studies of development, (c) growth connectomics and the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) hypothesis, and (d) the importance and complexity of sound methodological practices in applying connectomics to developmental and clinical science. Ongoing work in these areas will be important for fulfilling the promise of connectomics as a bridge between neuroscience, developmental science, and translational and clinical research. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12400 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260 [article] Commentary: Developmental connectomics to advance our understanding of typical and atypical brain development – a commentary on Vértes and Bullmore () [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Alice M. GRAHAM, Auteur ; Damien A. FAIR, Auteur . - p.321-323. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-3 (March 2015) . - p.321-323 Mots-clés : Brain development  neuropsychiatric disorders  neuroimaging  connectome  DOHad Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Vértes and Bullmore's article lays a framework for applying connectomics, the study of brain function from the perspective of underlying network organization, to advance understanding of healthy and maladaptive brain development. They elucidate the power of connectomics for bridging both different levels of analysis (e.g. from synapses to brain regions) and multiple academic fields. In this commentary, we highlight important themes and remaining questions stemming from Vértes and Bullmore's work, including: (a) the application of connectomics in the context of integrating analyses across multiple spatial and temporal dimensions, (b) the extent to which connectomics might be applied in translational and clinical studies of development, (c) growth connectomics and the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) hypothesis, and (d) the importance and complexity of sound methodological practices in applying connectomics to developmental and clinical science. Ongoing work in these areas will be important for fulfilling the promise of connectomics as a bridge between neuroscience, developmental science, and translational and clinical research. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12400 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260

Annual Research Review: Optimal outcomes of child and adolescent mental illness / E. Jane COSTELLO in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-3 (March 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-3 (March 2015) . - p.324-341 Titre : Annual Research Review: Optimal outcomes of child and adolescent mental illness Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : E. Jane COSTELLO, Auteur ; Barbara MAUGHAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.324-341 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adulthood  adolescence  prediction  epidemiology  outcome Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background ‘Optimal outcomes’ of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders may mean the best possible outcome, or the best considering a child's history. Most research into the outcomes of child and adolescent psychiatric disorder concentrates on the likelihood of adult illness and disability given an earlier history of psychopathology. Methods In this article, we review the research literature (based on a literature search using PubMed, RePORT and Google Advanced Scholar databases) on including optimal outcomes for young people with a history of anxiety, depression, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, or substance use disorders in childhood or adolescence. We consider three types of risks that these children may run later in development: future episodes of the same disorder, future episodes of a different disorder, and functional impairment. The impact of treatment or preventative interventions on early adult functioning is briefly reviewed. Results We found that very few studies enabled us to answer our questions with certainty, but that in general about half of adults with a psychiatric history were disorder-free and functioning quite well in their 20s or 30s. However, their chance of functioning well was less than that of adults without a psychiatric history, even in the absence of a current disorder. Conclusions Among adults who had a psychiatric disorder as a child or adolescent, about half can be expected to be disorder-free as young adults, and of these about half will be free of significant difficulties in the areas of work, health, relationships, and crime. Optimal outcomes are predicted by a mixture of personal characteristics and environmental supports. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12371 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260 [article] Annual Research Review: Optimal outcomes of child and adolescent mental illness [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / E. Jane COSTELLO, Auteur ; Barbara MAUGHAN, Auteur . - p.324-341. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-3 (March 2015) . - p.324-341 Mots-clés : Adulthood  adolescence  prediction  epidemiology  outcome Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background ‘Optimal outcomes’ of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders may mean the best possible outcome, or the best considering a child's history. Most research into the outcomes of child and adolescent psychiatric disorder concentrates on the likelihood of adult illness and disability given an earlier history of psychopathology. Methods In this article, we review the research literature (based on a literature search using PubMed, RePORT and Google Advanced Scholar databases) on including optimal outcomes for young people with a history of anxiety, depression, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, or substance use disorders in childhood or adolescence. We consider three types of risks that these children may run later in development: future episodes of the same disorder, future episodes of a different disorder, and functional impairment. The impact of treatment or preventative interventions on early adult functioning is briefly reviewed. Results We found that very few studies enabled us to answer our questions with certainty, but that in general about half of adults with a psychiatric history were disorder-free and functioning quite well in their 20s or 30s. However, their chance of functioning well was less than that of adults without a psychiatric history, even in the absence of a current disorder. Conclusions Among adults who had a psychiatric disorder as a child or adolescent, about half can be expected to be disorder-free as young adults, and of these about half will be free of significant difficulties in the areas of work, health, relationships, and crime. Optimal outcomes are predicted by a mixture of personal characteristics and environmental supports. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12371 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260

Commentary: Seeing the forest of knowledge for the trees of associations – a commentary on Costello and Maughan () / Albertine J. OLDEHINKEL in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-3 (March 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-3 (March 2015) . - p.342-344 Titre : Commentary: Seeing the forest of knowledge for the trees of associations – a commentary on Costello and Maughan () Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Albertine J. OLDEHINKEL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.342-344 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Development trajectory  child mental health disorders  ADHD  disruptive disorders  substance abuse  early life predictors  outcomes Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Costello and Maughan have written an excellent and highly informative review on outcomes of child and adolescent emotional, attention-deficit/hyperactivity, disruptive and substance use disorders, which is very much worth a read. The review confirms the notion that child and adolescent mental illnesses have a highly heterogeneous course. The majority of the children and adolescents with mental illnesses will keep having (residual) problems later in their lives but this developmental trajectory is by no means deterministic; adult mental health and functioning within the normal range is prevalent as well, particularly among adolescent substance abusers. This is hopeful since it suggests that there is room for improvement, and calls for identification of good early-life predictors of long-term outcomes to make optimally informed decisions about who will probably end up in a favorable trajectory spontaneously and who will need treatment to achieve that. The current state of knowledge with regard to these long-tern predictions still shows many gaps, and Costello and Maughan hence conclude that ‘there is a need for further research on optimal outcomes both within specific diagnostic groups and across child psychopathology as a whole’ There is a need for further knowledge on this issue indeed, but how should we proceed to gain that knowledge? Are there lessons to be learnt from the past? En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12388 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260 [article] Commentary: Seeing the forest of knowledge for the trees of associations – a commentary on Costello and Maughan () [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Albertine J. OLDEHINKEL, Auteur . - p.342-344. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-3 (March 2015) . - p.342-344 Mots-clés : Development trajectory  child mental health disorders  ADHD  disruptive disorders  substance abuse  early life predictors  outcomes Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Costello and Maughan have written an excellent and highly informative review on outcomes of child and adolescent emotional, attention-deficit/hyperactivity, disruptive and substance use disorders, which is very much worth a read. The review confirms the notion that child and adolescent mental illnesses have a highly heterogeneous course. The majority of the children and adolescents with mental illnesses will keep having (residual) problems later in their lives but this developmental trajectory is by no means deterministic; adult mental health and functioning within the normal range is prevalent as well, particularly among adolescent substance abusers. This is hopeful since it suggests that there is room for improvement, and calls for identification of good early-life predictors of long-term outcomes to make optimally informed decisions about who will probably end up in a favorable trajectory spontaneously and who will need treatment to achieve that. The current state of knowledge with regard to these long-tern predictions still shows many gaps, and Costello and Maughan hence conclude that ‘there is a need for further research on optimal outcomes both within specific diagnostic groups and across child psychopathology as a whole’ There is a need for further knowledge on this issue indeed, but how should we proceed to gain that knowledge? Are there lessons to be learnt from the past? En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12388 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260

Annual Research Review: A meta-analysis of the worldwide prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescents / Guilherme V. POLANCZYK in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-3 (March 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-3 (March 2015) . - p.345-365 Titre : Annual Research Review: A meta-analysis of the worldwide prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescents Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Guilherme V. POLANCZYK, Auteur ; Giovanni A. SALUM, Auteur ; Luisa S. SUGAYA, Auteur ; Arthur CAYE, Auteur ; Luis A. ROHDE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.345-365 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Mental disorders  anxiety disorders  depressive disorders  ADHD  disruptive behavior disorders  children  prevalence  epidemiology  meta-analysis  cross-cultural Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The literature on the prevalence of mental disorders affecting children and adolescents has expanded significantly over the last three decades around the world. Despite the field having matured significantly, there has been no meta-analysis to calculate a worldwide-pooled prevalence and to empirically assess the sources of heterogeneity of estimates. Methods We conducted a systematic review of the literature searching in PubMed, PsycINFO, and EMBASE for prevalence studies of mental disorders investigating probabilistic community samples of children and adolescents with standardized assessments methods that derive diagnoses according to the DSM or ICD. Meta-analytical techniques were used to estimate the prevalence rates of any mental disorder and individual diagnostic groups. A meta-regression analysis was performed to estimate the effect of population and sample characteristics, study methods, assessment procedures, and case definition in determining the heterogeneity of estimates. Results We included 41 studies conducted in 27 countries from every world region. The worldwide-pooled prevalence of mental disorders was 13.4% (CI 95% 11.3–15.9). The worldwide prevalence of any anxiety disorder was 6.5% (CI 95% 4.7–9.1), any depressive disorder was 2.6% (CI 95% 1.7–3.9), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder was 3.4% (CI 95% 2.6–4.5), and any disruptive disorder was 5.7% (CI 95% 4.0–8.1). Significant heterogeneity was detected for all pooled estimates. The multivariate metaregression analyses indicated that sample representativeness, sample frame, and diagnostic interview were significant moderators of prevalence estimates. Estimates did not vary as a function of geographic location of studies and year of data collection. The multivariate model explained 88.89% of prevalence heterogeneity, but residual heterogeneity was still significant. Additional meta-analysis detected significant pooled difference in prevalence rates according to requirement of funcional impairment for the diagnosis of mental disorders. Conclusions Our findings suggest that mental disorders affect a significant number of children and adolescents worldwide. The pooled prevalence estimates and the identification of sources of heterogeneity have important implications to service, training, and research planning around the world. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12381 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260 [article] Annual Research Review: A meta-analysis of the worldwide prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescents [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Guilherme V. POLANCZYK, Auteur ; Giovanni A. SALUM, Auteur ; Luisa S. SUGAYA, Auteur ; Arthur CAYE, Auteur ; Luis A. ROHDE, Auteur . - p.345-365. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-3 (March 2015) . - p.345-365 Mots-clés : Mental disorders  anxiety disorders  depressive disorders  ADHD  disruptive behavior disorders  children  prevalence  epidemiology  meta-analysis  cross-cultural Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The literature on the prevalence of mental disorders affecting children and adolescents has expanded significantly over the last three decades around the world. Despite the field having matured significantly, there has been no meta-analysis to calculate a worldwide-pooled prevalence and to empirically assess the sources of heterogeneity of estimates. Methods We conducted a systematic review of the literature searching in PubMed, PsycINFO, and EMBASE for prevalence studies of mental disorders investigating probabilistic community samples of children and adolescents with standardized assessments methods that derive diagnoses according to the DSM or ICD. Meta-analytical techniques were used to estimate the prevalence rates of any mental disorder and individual diagnostic groups. A meta-regression analysis was performed to estimate the effect of population and sample characteristics, study methods, assessment procedures, and case definition in determining the heterogeneity of estimates. Results We included 41 studies conducted in 27 countries from every world region. The worldwide-pooled prevalence of mental disorders was 13.4% (CI 95% 11.3–15.9). The worldwide prevalence of any anxiety disorder was 6.5% (CI 95% 4.7–9.1), any depressive disorder was 2.6% (CI 95% 1.7–3.9), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder was 3.4% (CI 95% 2.6–4.5), and any disruptive disorder was 5.7% (CI 95% 4.0–8.1). Significant heterogeneity was detected for all pooled estimates. The multivariate metaregression analyses indicated that sample representativeness, sample frame, and diagnostic interview were significant moderators of prevalence estimates. Estimates did not vary as a function of geographic location of studies and year of data collection. The multivariate model explained 88.89% of prevalence heterogeneity, but residual heterogeneity was still significant. Additional meta-analysis detected significant pooled difference in prevalence rates according to requirement of funcional impairment for the diagnosis of mental disorders. Conclusions Our findings suggest that mental disorders affect a significant number of children and adolescents worldwide. The pooled prevalence estimates and the identification of sources of heterogeneity have important implications to service, training, and research planning around the world. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12381 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260

Commentary: ‘Diseases of the world’: from epidemiology to etiology of child and adolescent psychopathology – a commentary on Polanczyk et al. () / Jane E. COSTELLO in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-3 (March 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-3 (March 2015) . - p.366-369 Titre : Commentary: ‘Diseases of the world’: from epidemiology to etiology of child and adolescent psychopathology – a commentary on Polanczyk et al. () Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jane E. COSTELLO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.366-369 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Epidemiology  etiology  global prevalence  child mental health disorders Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : If you are an epidemiologist, professionally interested in patterns of the distribution of disease in time and space, the first question you will be asked is ‘how many?’ What is the ‘prevalence rate’ of ADHD? How many children have autism? The second question will be ‘are there more nowadays?’ Is there an epidemic of childhood depression? Is the rate of conduct disorder increasing? This seems to be the main use that clinicians and clinical researchers make of epidemiology. So epidemiology is seen as important for some purposes but, somehow, not scientifically relevant to the real job of treatment. According to this view, epidemiology's value lies in telling us how bad a problem is (the ‘burden of disease’), how many affected people are getting treatment, and what the likely costs are. All useful stuff, but not getting us any nearer to the holy grail of understanding causes and cures of the ‘diseases of the world’. In their ‘meta-analysis of the worldwide prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescents’, Polanczyk and colleagues (Polanczyk et al., 2015, this issue) demonstrate just how partial and mistaken this view of epidemiology is. Polanczyk et al. have indeed provided a most valuable and thorough review of the descriptive issues that bureaucrats obsess about. But in the process they have illuminated several areas that are of real importance for the etiologic questions that scientists need to have answered if we are to make breakthroughs in the treatment and prevention of child and adolescent psychopathology. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12402 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260 [article] Commentary: ‘Diseases of the world’: from epidemiology to etiology of child and adolescent psychopathology – a commentary on Polanczyk et al. () [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jane E. COSTELLO, Auteur . - p.366-369. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-3 (March 2015) . - p.366-369 Mots-clés : Epidemiology  etiology  global prevalence  child mental health disorders Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : If you are an epidemiologist, professionally interested in patterns of the distribution of disease in time and space, the first question you will be asked is ‘how many?’ What is the ‘prevalence rate’ of ADHD? How many children have autism? The second question will be ‘are there more nowadays?’ Is there an epidemic of childhood depression? Is the rate of conduct disorder increasing? This seems to be the main use that clinicians and clinical researchers make of epidemiology. So epidemiology is seen as important for some purposes but, somehow, not scientifically relevant to the real job of treatment. According to this view, epidemiology's value lies in telling us how bad a problem is (the ‘burden of disease’), how many affected people are getting treatment, and what the likely costs are. All useful stuff, but not getting us any nearer to the holy grail of understanding causes and cures of the ‘diseases of the world’. In their ‘meta-analysis of the worldwide prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescents’, Polanczyk and colleagues (Polanczyk et al., 2015, this issue) demonstrate just how partial and mistaken this view of epidemiology is. Polanczyk et al. have indeed provided a most valuable and thorough review of the descriptive issues that bureaucrats obsess about. But in the process they have illuminated several areas that are of real importance for the etiologic questions that scientists need to have answered if we are to make breakthroughs in the treatment and prevention of child and adolescent psychopathology. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12402 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260

Annual Research Review: Secular trends in child and adolescent mental health / Stephan COLLISHAW in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-3 (March 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-3 (March 2015) . - p.370-393 Titre : Annual Research Review: Secular trends in child and adolescent mental health Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Stephan COLLISHAW, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.370-393 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Time trends  secular change  depression  antisocial  psychopathology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Child and adolescent mental health problems are common, associated with wide-ranging functional impairments, and show substantial continuities into adult life. It is therefore important to understand the extent to which the prevalence of mental health problems has changed over time, and to identify reasons behind any trends in mental health. Scope and Methodology This review evaluates evidence on whether the population prevalence of child and adolescent mental health problems has changed. The primary focus of the review is on epidemiological cross-cohort comparisons identified by a systematic search of the literature (using the Web of Knowledge database). Findings Clinical diagnosis and treatment of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders increased over recent decades. Epidemiological comparisons of unselected population cohorts using equivalent assessments of mental health have found little evidence of an increased rate of ADHD, but cross-cohort comparisons of rates of ASD are lacking at this time. Findings do suggest substantial secular change in emotional problems and antisocial behaviour in high-income countries, including periods of increase and decrease in symptom prevalence. Evidence from low- and middle-income countries is very limited. Possible explanations for trends in child and adolescent mental health are discussed. The review also addresses how cross-cohort comparisons can provide valuable complementary information on the aetiology of mental illness. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12372 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260 [article] Annual Research Review: Secular trends in child and adolescent mental health [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Stephan COLLISHAW, Auteur . - p.370-393. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-3 (March 2015) . - p.370-393 Mots-clés : Time trends  secular change  depression  antisocial  psychopathology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Child and adolescent mental health problems are common, associated with wide-ranging functional impairments, and show substantial continuities into adult life. It is therefore important to understand the extent to which the prevalence of mental health problems has changed over time, and to identify reasons behind any trends in mental health. Scope and Methodology This review evaluates evidence on whether the population prevalence of child and adolescent mental health problems has changed. The primary focus of the review is on epidemiological cross-cohort comparisons identified by a systematic search of the literature (using the Web of Knowledge database). Findings Clinical diagnosis and treatment of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders increased over recent decades. Epidemiological comparisons of unselected population cohorts using equivalent assessments of mental health have found little evidence of an increased rate of ADHD, but cross-cohort comparisons of rates of ASD are lacking at this time. Findings do suggest substantial secular change in emotional problems and antisocial behaviour in high-income countries, including periods of increase and decrease in symptom prevalence. Evidence from low- and middle-income countries is very limited. Possible explanations for trends in child and adolescent mental health are discussed. The review also addresses how cross-cohort comparisons can provide valuable complementary information on the aetiology of mental illness. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12372 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260

Commentary: Physical health outcomes and health care have improved so much, so why is child mental health getting worse? Or is it? A commentary on Collishaw () / Frank VERHULST in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-3 (March 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-3 (March 2015) . - p.394-396 Titre : Commentary: Physical health outcomes and health care have improved so much, so why is child mental health getting worse? Or is it? A commentary on Collishaw () Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Frank VERHULST, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.394-396 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Child mental health outcomes  secular  time trends  societal change  inequality  well-being  psychopathology  epidemiology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The frequency of problems in children and adolescents varies between times within populations in the same geographical area. It has often been suggested that problems in children and adolescents have increased and that present-day youth fare less well than youth in the past. These concerns are fed by the assumed negative impact of societal change on individual development. It has been 20 years since (Rutter and Smith, 1995. Psychosocial disorders in young people: Time trends and their causes. Chicester: Wiley) published their findings on child and adolescent problem behaviors that occur at different points in time in western societies in the latter part of the 20th century. They concluded that, despite a lack of rigorous epidemiological data, there was some evidence for a secular increase in adolescents’ conduct problems, substance abuse, depression and suicide. Fergusson argued that factors implied by Rutter and Smith as risks for adjustment problems, such as changes in social, economic, educational, family and other structures associated with child rearing and child development, may equally well lead to positive developments. He argued that increasing social diversity may lead to increasing variability in adolescent adjustment patterns with on the one end increasing numbers of young people showing psychopathology (as was shown by Rutter and Smith) and on the other end increasing numbers of young people who show responsible prosocial behaviors. However, there were no data available to test the possibility that social change has had both positive and detrimental effects for adolescents. Rutter and Smith's review also made clear that there were numerous methodological obstacles hampering firm conclusions about secular changes in rates of disorder that may well reflect changes in diagnostic criteria, use of mental health services, or record keeping such as police or suicide records. Twenty years ago, few epidemiological comparisons were available in which changes in problems in representative samples of children and adolescents from western societies at different points in time were assessed with similar standardized procedures. This situation has changed drastically over the last couple of years. In the current Annual Research Review, Collishaw gives an impressively thorough overview of studies published over the last two decades on secular trends in child and adolescent mental health with an emphasis on studies that compare rates of child and adolescent problems over time in one geographically defined population. The review also raises a number of issues related to existing time-trend research worth mentioning… En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12387 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260 [article] Commentary: Physical health outcomes and health care have improved so much, so why is child mental health getting worse? Or is it? A commentary on Collishaw () [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Frank VERHULST, Auteur . - p.394-396. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-3 (March 2015) . - p.394-396 Mots-clés : Child mental health outcomes  secular  time trends  societal change  inequality  well-being  psychopathology  epidemiology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The frequency of problems in children and adolescents varies between times within populations in the same geographical area. It has often been suggested that problems in children and adolescents have increased and that present-day youth fare less well than youth in the past. These concerns are fed by the assumed negative impact of societal change on individual development. It has been 20 years since (Rutter and Smith, 1995. Psychosocial disorders in young people: Time trends and their causes. Chicester: Wiley) published their findings on child and adolescent problem behaviors that occur at different points in time in western societies in the latter part of the 20th century. They concluded that, despite a lack of rigorous epidemiological data, there was some evidence for a secular increase in adolescents’ conduct problems, substance abuse, depression and suicide. Fergusson argued that factors implied by Rutter and Smith as risks for adjustment problems, such as changes in social, economic, educational, family and other structures associated with child rearing and child development, may equally well lead to positive developments. He argued that increasing social diversity may lead to increasing variability in adolescent adjustment patterns with on the one end increasing numbers of young people showing psychopathology (as was shown by Rutter and Smith) and on the other end increasing numbers of young people who show responsible prosocial behaviors. However, there were no data available to test the possibility that social change has had both positive and detrimental effects for adolescents. Rutter and Smith's review also made clear that there were numerous methodological obstacles hampering firm conclusions about secular changes in rates of disorder that may well reflect changes in diagnostic criteria, use of mental health services, or record keeping such as police or suicide records. Twenty years ago, few epidemiological comparisons were available in which changes in problems in representative samples of children and adolescents from western societies at different points in time were assessed with similar standardized procedures. This situation has changed drastically over the last couple of years. In the current Annual Research Review, Collishaw gives an impressively thorough overview of studies published over the last two decades on secular trends in child and adolescent mental health with an emphasis on studies that compare rates of child and adolescent problems over time in one geographically defined population. The review also raises a number of issues related to existing time-trend research worth mentioning… En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12387 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260