20 recherche sur le mot-clé 'etiology'

Commentary: ‘Diseases of the world’: from epidemiology to etiology of child and adolescent psychopathology – a commentary on Polanczyk et al. () / Jane E. COSTELLO in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-3 (March 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-3 (March 2015) . - p.366-369 Titre : Commentary: ‘Diseases of the world’: from epidemiology to etiology of child and adolescent psychopathology – a commentary on Polanczyk et al. () Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jane E. COSTELLO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.366-369 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Epidemiology  etiology  global prevalence  child mental health disorders Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : If you are an epidemiologist, professionally interested in patterns of the distribution of disease in time and space, the first question you will be asked is ‘how many?’ What is the ‘prevalence rate’ of ADHD? How many children have autism? The second question will be ‘are there more nowadays?’ Is there an epidemic of childhood depression? Is the rate of conduct disorder increasing? This seems to be the main use that clinicians and clinical researchers make of epidemiology. So epidemiology is seen as important for some purposes but, somehow, not scientifically relevant to the real job of treatment. According to this view, epidemiology's value lies in telling us how bad a problem is (the ‘burden of disease’), how many affected people are getting treatment, and what the likely costs are. All useful stuff, but not getting us any nearer to the holy grail of understanding causes and cures of the ‘diseases of the world’. In their ‘meta-analysis of the worldwide prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescents’, Polanczyk and colleagues (Polanczyk et al., 2015, this issue) demonstrate just how partial and mistaken this view of epidemiology is. Polanczyk et al. have indeed provided a most valuable and thorough review of the descriptive issues that bureaucrats obsess about. But in the process they have illuminated several areas that are of real importance for the etiologic questions that scientists need to have answered if we are to make breakthroughs in the treatment and prevention of child and adolescent psychopathology. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12402 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=2600 [article] Commentary: ‘Diseases of the world’: from epidemiology to etiology of child and adolescent psychopathology – a commentary on Polanczyk et al. () [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jane E. COSTELLO, Auteur . - p.366-369. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-3 (March 2015) . - p.366-369 Mots-clés : Epidemiology  etiology  global prevalence  child mental health disorders Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : If you are an epidemiologist, professionally interested in patterns of the distribution of disease in time and space, the first question you will be asked is ‘how many?’ What is the ‘prevalence rate’ of ADHD? How many children have autism? The second question will be ‘are there more nowadays?’ Is there an epidemic of childhood depression? Is the rate of conduct disorder increasing? This seems to be the main use that clinicians and clinical researchers make of epidemiology. So epidemiology is seen as important for some purposes but, somehow, not scientifically relevant to the real job of treatment. According to this view, epidemiology's value lies in telling us how bad a problem is (the ‘burden of disease’), how many affected people are getting treatment, and what the likely costs are. All useful stuff, but not getting us any nearer to the holy grail of understanding causes and cures of the ‘diseases of the world’. In their ‘meta-analysis of the worldwide prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescents’, Polanczyk and colleagues (Polanczyk et al., 2015, this issue) demonstrate just how partial and mistaken this view of epidemiology is. Polanczyk et al. have indeed provided a most valuable and thorough review of the descriptive issues that bureaucrats obsess about. But in the process they have illuminated several areas that are of real importance for the etiologic questions that scientists need to have answered if we are to make breakthroughs in the treatment and prevention of child and adolescent psychopathology. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12402 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=2600

Speech deficits in persons with autism: Etiology and symptom presentation / Johnny L. MATSON in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 6-2 (April-June 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 6-2 (April-June 2012) . - p.573-577 Titre : Speech deficits in persons with autism: Etiology and symptom presentation Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Johnny L. MATSON, Auteur ; Alison M. KOZLOWSKI, Auteur ; Michael L. MATSON, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.573-577 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Communication  Speech deficits  Etiology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Speech and other communication deficits are core features of the autism spectrum. This topic has become one of the most heavily studied in the child health/mental health field. Even within this group of disorders, considerable variability in symptoms is evident. A variety of subtopics within this area have been studied. Topics include types of communication deficits specific to autism, developmental course including language regression, communication as an aid in differential diagnosis, and collateral behaviors. This paper reviews selective research on these topics and further directions for study. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2011.10.009 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=1504 [article] Speech deficits in persons with autism: Etiology and symptom presentation [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Johnny L. MATSON, Auteur ; Alison M. KOZLOWSKI, Auteur ; Michael L. MATSON, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.573-577. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 6-2 (April-June 2012) . - p.573-577 Mots-clés : Autism  Communication  Speech deficits  Etiology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Speech and other communication deficits are core features of the autism spectrum. This topic has become one of the most heavily studied in the child health/mental health field. Even within this group of disorders, considerable variability in symptoms is evident. A variety of subtopics within this area have been studied. Topics include types of communication deficits specific to autism, developmental course including language regression, communication as an aid in differential diagnosis, and collateral behaviors. This paper reviews selective research on these topics and further directions for study. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2011.10.009 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=1504

Annual Research Review: Phenotypic and causal structure of conduct disorder in the broader context of prevalent forms of psychopathology / Benjamin B. LAHEY in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53-5 (May 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-5 (May 2012) . - p.536-557 Titre : Annual Research Review: Phenotypic and causal structure of conduct disorder in the broader context of prevalent forms of psychopathology Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Benjamin B. LAHEY, Auteur ; Irwin D. WALDMAN, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.536-557 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Conduct disorder  oppositional defiant disorder  taxonomy  etiology  homotypic and heterotypic continuity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  A better understanding of the nature and etiology of conduct disorder (CD) can inform nosology and vice versa. We posit that any prevalent form of psychopathology, including CD, can be best understood if it is studied in the context of other correlated forms of child and adolescent psychopathology using formal models to guide inquiry. Methods:  Review of both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies of the place of CD in the phenotypic and causal structure of prevalent psychopathology, with an emphasis on similarities and differences between CD and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). Papers were located using Web of Science by topic searches with no restriction on year of publication. Results:  Although some important nosologic questions remain unanswered, the dimensional phenotype of CD is well defined. CD differs from other disorders in its correlates, associated impairment, and course. Nonetheless, it is robustly correlated with many other prevalent dimensions of psychopathology both concurrently and predictively, including both other ‘externalizing’ disorders and some ‘internalizing’ disorders. Based on emerging evidence, we hypothesize that these concurrent and predictive correlations result primarily from widespread genetic pleiotropy, with some genetic factors nonspecifically influencing risk for multiple correlated dimensions of psychopathology. In contrast, environmental influences mostly act to differentiate dimensions of psychopathology from one another both concurrently and over time. CD and ODD share half of their genetic influences, but their genetic etiologies are distinct in other ways. Unlike most other dimensions of psychopathology, half of the genetic influences on CD appear to be unique to CD. In contrast, ODD broadly shares nearly all of its genetic influences with other disorders and has little unique genetic variance. Conclusions:  Conduct disorder is a relatively distinct syndrome at both phenotypic and etiologic levels, but much is revealed by studying CD in the context of its causal and phenotypic associations with other disorders over time. Advancing and refining formal causal models that specify the common and unique causes and biological mechanisms underlying each correlated dimension of psychopathology should facilitate research on the fundamental nature and nosology of CD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02509.x Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=1541 [article] Annual Research Review: Phenotypic and causal structure of conduct disorder in the broader context of prevalent forms of psychopathology [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Benjamin B. LAHEY, Auteur ; Irwin D. WALDMAN, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.536-557. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-5 (May 2012) . - p.536-557 Mots-clés : Conduct disorder  oppositional defiant disorder  taxonomy  etiology  homotypic and heterotypic continuity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  A better understanding of the nature and etiology of conduct disorder (CD) can inform nosology and vice versa. We posit that any prevalent form of psychopathology, including CD, can be best understood if it is studied in the context of other correlated forms of child and adolescent psychopathology using formal models to guide inquiry. Methods:  Review of both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies of the place of CD in the phenotypic and causal structure of prevalent psychopathology, with an emphasis on similarities and differences between CD and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). Papers were located using Web of Science by topic searches with no restriction on year of publication. Results:  Although some important nosologic questions remain unanswered, the dimensional phenotype of CD is well defined. CD differs from other disorders in its correlates, associated impairment, and course. Nonetheless, it is robustly correlated with many other prevalent dimensions of psychopathology both concurrently and predictively, including both other ‘externalizing’ disorders and some ‘internalizing’ disorders. Based on emerging evidence, we hypothesize that these concurrent and predictive correlations result primarily from widespread genetic pleiotropy, with some genetic factors nonspecifically influencing risk for multiple correlated dimensions of psychopathology. In contrast, environmental influences mostly act to differentiate dimensions of psychopathology from one another both concurrently and over time. CD and ODD share half of their genetic influences, but their genetic etiologies are distinct in other ways. Unlike most other dimensions of psychopathology, half of the genetic influences on CD appear to be unique to CD. In contrast, ODD broadly shares nearly all of its genetic influences with other disorders and has little unique genetic variance. Conclusions:  Conduct disorder is a relatively distinct syndrome at both phenotypic and etiologic levels, but much is revealed by studying CD in the context of its causal and phenotypic associations with other disorders over time. Advancing and refining formal causal models that specify the common and unique causes and biological mechanisms underlying each correlated dimension of psychopathology should facilitate research on the fundamental nature and nosology of CD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02509.x Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=1541

Childhood attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder as an extreme of a continuous trait: a quantitative genetic study of 8,500 twin pairs / Henrik LARSSON in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53-1 (January 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-1 (January 2012) . - p.73-80 Titre : Childhood attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder as an extreme of a continuous trait: a quantitative genetic study of 8,500 twin pairs Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Henrik LARSSON, Auteur ; Henrik ANCKARSATER, Auteur ; Maria RASTAM, Auteur ; Zheng CHANG, Auteur ; Paul LICHTENSTEIN, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.73-80 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ADHD  DSM  etiology  twins Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Although the clinical utility of categorically defined attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is well established, there is also strong evidence supporting the notion of ADHD as an extreme of a continuous trait. Nevertheless, the question of whether the etiology is the same for different levels of DSM–IV ADHD symptoms remains to be investigated. The aim of this study was to assess genetic links between the extreme and the subthreshold range of ADHD symptoms. Method:  Parents of all Swedish 9- and 12-year-old twins born between 1992 and 2000 were interviewed for DSM–IV ADHD symptoms and associated conditions. Two validated cutoff values were used for screening and assigning research diagnoses. Response rate was 80%. Twin methods were applied to investigate the extent to which ADHD is etiologically distinct from subthreshold variations in ADHD symptoms. Results:  Extremes analyses indicated a strong genetic link between the extreme and the subthreshold variation, with almost identical group heritability estimates around .60 for the diagnostic (prevalence 1.78%) and screening (prevalence 9.75%) criteria of ADHD. Conclusion:  A strong genetic link between the extreme and the subthreshold variation of DSM–IV based assessments of ADHD symptoms was found. The data suggest that ADHD is best viewed as the quantitative extreme of genetic and environmental factors operating dimensionally throughout the distribution of ADHD symptoms, indicating that the same etiologic factors are involved in the full range of symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02467.x Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=1486 [article] Childhood attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder as an extreme of a continuous trait: a quantitative genetic study of 8,500 twin pairs [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Henrik LARSSON, Auteur ; Henrik ANCKARSATER, Auteur ; Maria RASTAM, Auteur ; Zheng CHANG, Auteur ; Paul LICHTENSTEIN, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.73-80. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-1 (January 2012) . - p.73-80 Mots-clés : ADHD  DSM  etiology  twins Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Although the clinical utility of categorically defined attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is well established, there is also strong evidence supporting the notion of ADHD as an extreme of a continuous trait. Nevertheless, the question of whether the etiology is the same for different levels of DSM–IV ADHD symptoms remains to be investigated. The aim of this study was to assess genetic links between the extreme and the subthreshold range of ADHD symptoms. Method:  Parents of all Swedish 9- and 12-year-old twins born between 1992 and 2000 were interviewed for DSM–IV ADHD symptoms and associated conditions. Two validated cutoff values were used for screening and assigning research diagnoses. Response rate was 80%. Twin methods were applied to investigate the extent to which ADHD is etiologically distinct from subthreshold variations in ADHD symptoms. Results:  Extremes analyses indicated a strong genetic link between the extreme and the subthreshold variation, with almost identical group heritability estimates around .60 for the diagnostic (prevalence 1.78%) and screening (prevalence 9.75%) criteria of ADHD. Conclusion:  A strong genetic link between the extreme and the subthreshold variation of DSM–IV based assessments of ADHD symptoms was found. The data suggest that ADHD is best viewed as the quantitative extreme of genetic and environmental factors operating dimensionally throughout the distribution of ADHD symptoms, indicating that the same etiologic factors are involved in the full range of symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02467.x Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=1486

Depression from preschool to adolescence - five faces of stability / I. S. MORKEN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 62-8 (August 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 62-8 (August 2021) . - p.1000-1009 Titre : Depression from preschool to adolescence - five faces of stability Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : I. S. MORKEN, Auteur ; K. R. VIDDAL, Auteur ; B. RANUM, Auteur ; L. WICHSTRØM, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1000-1009 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescent  Child  Child, Preschool  Depression  Depressive Disorder, Major/epidemiology  Family  Humans  Longitudinal Studies  Parents  Schools  continuity  developmental psychopathology  etiology  longitudinal Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: The term 'stability' has different meanings, and its implications for the etiology, prevention, and treatment of depression vary accordingly. Here, we identify five types of stability in childhood depression, many undetermined due to a lack of research or inconsistent findings. METHODS: Children and parents (n = 1,042) drawn from two birth cohorts in Trondheim, Norway, were followed biennially from ages 4-14 years. Symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD) and dysthymia were assessed with the Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment (only parents) and the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment (age 8 onwards). RESULTS: (a) Stability of form: Most symptoms increased in frequency. The symptoms' importance (according to factor loadings) was stable across childhood but increased from ages 12-14, indicating that MDD became more coherent. (b) Stability at the group level: The number of symptoms of dysthymia increased slightly until age 12, and the number of symptoms of MDD and dysthymia increased sharply between ages 12-14. (c) Stability relative to the group (i.e., 'rank-order') was modest to moderate and increased from ages 12-14. (d) Stability relative to oneself (i.e., intraclass correlations) was stronger than stability relative to the group and increased from age 12-14. (e) Stability of within-person changes: At all ages, decreases or increases in the number of symptoms forecasted similar changes two years later, but more strongly so between ages 12-14. CONCLUSIONS: Across childhood, while most symptoms of MDD and dysthymia become more frequent, they are equally important. The transition to adolescence is a particularly vulnerable period: The depression construct becomes more coherent, stability increases, the level of depression increases, and such an increase predicts further escalation. Even so, intervention at any time during childhood may have lasting effects on reducing child and adolescent depression. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13362 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4563 [article] Depression from preschool to adolescence - five faces of stability [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / I. S. MORKEN, Auteur ; K. R. VIDDAL, Auteur ; B. RANUM, Auteur ; L. WICHSTRØM, Auteur . - p.1000-1009. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 62-8 (August 2021) . - p.1000-1009 Mots-clés : Adolescent  Child  Child, Preschool  Depression  Depressive Disorder, Major/epidemiology  Family  Humans  Longitudinal Studies  Parents  Schools  continuity  developmental psychopathology  etiology  longitudinal Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: The term 'stability' has different meanings, and its implications for the etiology, prevention, and treatment of depression vary accordingly. Here, we identify five types of stability in childhood depression, many undetermined due to a lack of research or inconsistent findings. METHODS: Children and parents (n = 1,042) drawn from two birth cohorts in Trondheim, Norway, were followed biennially from ages 4-14 years. Symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD) and dysthymia were assessed with the Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment (only parents) and the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment (age 8 onwards). RESULTS: (a) Stability of form: Most symptoms increased in frequency. The symptoms' importance (according to factor loadings) was stable across childhood but increased from ages 12-14, indicating that MDD became more coherent. (b) Stability at the group level: The number of symptoms of dysthymia increased slightly until age 12, and the number of symptoms of MDD and dysthymia increased sharply between ages 12-14. (c) Stability relative to the group (i.e., 'rank-order') was modest to moderate and increased from ages 12-14. (d) Stability relative to oneself (i.e., intraclass correlations) was stronger than stability relative to the group and increased from age 12-14. (e) Stability of within-person changes: At all ages, decreases or increases in the number of symptoms forecasted similar changes two years later, but more strongly so between ages 12-14. CONCLUSIONS: Across childhood, while most symptoms of MDD and dysthymia become more frequent, they are equally important. The transition to adolescence is a particularly vulnerable period: The depression construct becomes more coherent, stability increases, the level of depression increases, and such an increase predicts further escalation. Even so, intervention at any time during childhood may have lasting effects on reducing child and adolescent depression. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13362 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4563

Emerging Clues and Altered Metabolic Findings in Autism: Breakthroughs and Prospects from Omics Studies / Abdalla M. EL MOWAFY in Autism - Open Access, 6-1 ([01/01/2016])  

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Genetic versus environmental influences on callous–unemotional traits in preadolescence: The role of parenting and parental psychopathology / Samantha PERLSTEIN in Development and Psychopathology, 34-5 (December 2022)  

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Introduction / Connor M. KERNS  

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Practitioner Review: Borderline personality disorder in adolescence – recent conceptualization, intervention, and implications for clinical practice / Carla SHARP in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-12 (December 2015)  

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Research Review: What we have learned about the causes of eating disorders – a synthesis of sociocultural, psychological, and biological research / Kristen M. CULBERT in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-11 (November 2015)  

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