Dépouillements

A Scoping Review of Anxiety in Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder / Roma A. VASA in Autism Research, 13-12 (December 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-12 (December 2020) . - p.2038-2057 Titre : A Scoping Review of Anxiety in Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Roma A. VASA, Auteur ; Amy KEEFER, Auteur ; Rachel G. MCDONALD, Auteur ; Michelle C. HUNSCHE, Auteur ; Connor M. KERNS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2038-2057 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : anxiety  autism  review  young children Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Research on anxiety in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has burgeoned in the past 15?years. Most of the research has focused on school-age children, ages 6 to 18?years. Yet, recent studies suggest that anxiety can emerge in young children, under 6?years, with ASD. This scoping review synthesized the literature on anxiety in young children with ASD. Three domains of anxiety research were reviewed: (a) prevalence/severity, phenomenology, and course; (b) correlates; and (c) treatment. Four online databases were searched from the start of the database until March 2020. Keywords pertaining to anxiety, autism, and young children were entered. The search identified 44 articles for inclusion. These studies varied with respect to sample source, informants, and measures to assess anxiety. The overall prevalence of anxiety ranged from 1.6 to 62%. Sixteen of 17 studies found that young children with ASD had higher levels of anxiety compared to various control groups. A variety of DSM anxiety symptoms and disorders were present in young children with the most common symptoms being specific, social, and generalized fears. Correlates of anxiety included sensory over-responsivity, sleep disturbance, aggression/defiance, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Three cognitive behavioral treatment studies for anxiety and one developmental intervention targeting ASD symptoms showed promise in reducing anxiety. Findings indicate an early emergence of anxiety in some children with ASD. Further research on the measurement, pathophysiology, and treatment of anxiety in early childhood is critical to improving outcomes in children with ASD. LAY SUMMARY: This scoping review synthesizes the literature on anxiety in young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Results indicate that children with ASD have higher levels of anxiety than children without ASD. Potential factors that could be contributing to anxiety include sensory, sleep, and behavioral problems. Preliminary studies show that anxiety can improve with cognitive behavioral treatment. These findings suggest that research on anxiety in young children with ASD should be prioritized to improve mental health outcomes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2395 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=434 [article] A Scoping Review of Anxiety in Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Roma A. VASA, Auteur ; Amy KEEFER, Auteur ; Rachel G. MCDONALD, Auteur ; Michelle C. HUNSCHE, Auteur ; Connor M. KERNS, Auteur . - p.2038-2057. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-12 (December 2020) . - p.2038-2057 Mots-clés : anxiety  autism  review  young children Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Research on anxiety in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has burgeoned in the past 15?years. Most of the research has focused on school-age children, ages 6 to 18?years. Yet, recent studies suggest that anxiety can emerge in young children, under 6?years, with ASD. This scoping review synthesized the literature on anxiety in young children with ASD. Three domains of anxiety research were reviewed: (a) prevalence/severity, phenomenology, and course; (b) correlates; and (c) treatment. Four online databases were searched from the start of the database until March 2020. Keywords pertaining to anxiety, autism, and young children were entered. The search identified 44 articles for inclusion. These studies varied with respect to sample source, informants, and measures to assess anxiety. The overall prevalence of anxiety ranged from 1.6 to 62%. Sixteen of 17 studies found that young children with ASD had higher levels of anxiety compared to various control groups. A variety of DSM anxiety symptoms and disorders were present in young children with the most common symptoms being specific, social, and generalized fears. Correlates of anxiety included sensory over-responsivity, sleep disturbance, aggression/defiance, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Three cognitive behavioral treatment studies for anxiety and one developmental intervention targeting ASD symptoms showed promise in reducing anxiety. Findings indicate an early emergence of anxiety in some children with ASD. Further research on the measurement, pathophysiology, and treatment of anxiety in early childhood is critical to improving outcomes in children with ASD. LAY SUMMARY: This scoping review synthesizes the literature on anxiety in young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Results indicate that children with ASD have higher levels of anxiety than children without ASD. Potential factors that could be contributing to anxiety include sensory, sleep, and behavioral problems. Preliminary studies show that anxiety can improve with cognitive behavioral treatment. These findings suggest that research on anxiety in young children with ASD should be prioritized to improve mental health outcomes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2395 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=434

Individuals With Autism Have No Detectable Deficit in Neural Markers of Prediction Error When Presented With Auditory Rhythms of Varied Temporal Complexity / Emily J. KNIGHT in Autism Research, 13-12 (December 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-12 (December 2020) . - p.2058-2072 Titre : Individuals With Autism Have No Detectable Deficit in Neural Markers of Prediction Error When Presented With Auditory Rhythms of Varied Temporal Complexity Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Emily J. KNIGHT, Auteur ; Leona OAKES, Auteur ; Susan L. HYMAN, Auteur ; Edward G. FREEDMAN, Auteur ; John J. FOXE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2058-2072 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : auditory perceptual disorders  autism spectrum disorder  communication disorders  electroencephalography  evoked potentials, auditory  mismatch negativity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The brain's ability to encode temporal patterns and predict upcoming events is critical for speech perception and other aspects of social communication. Deficits in predictive coding may contribute to difficulties with social communication and overreliance on repetitive predictable environments in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Using a mismatch negativity (MMN) task involving rhythmic tone sequences of varying complexity, we tested the hypotheses that (1) individuals with ASD have reduced MMN response to auditory stimuli that deviate in presentation timing from expected patterns, particularly as pattern complexity increases and (2) amplitude of MMN signal is inversely correlated with level of impairment in social communication and repetitive behaviors. Electroencephalography was acquired as individuals (age 6-21?years) listened to repeated five-rhythm tones that varied in the Shannon entropy of the rhythm across three conditions (zero, medium-1 bit, and high-2 bit entropy). The majority of the tones conformed to the established rhythm (standard tones); occasionally the fourth tone was temporally shifted relative to its expected time of occurrence (deviant tones). Social communication and repetitive behaviors were measured using the Social Responsiveness Scale and Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised. Both neurotypical controls (n = 19) and individuals with ASD (n = 21) show stepwise decreases in MMN as a function of increasing entropy. Contrary to the result forecasted by a predictive coding hypothesis, individuals with ASD do not differ from controls in these neural mechanisms of prediction error to auditory rhythms of varied temporal complexity, and there is no relationship between these signals and social communication or repetitive behavior measures. LAY SUMMARY: We tested the idea that the brain's ability to use previous experience to influence processing of sounds is weaker in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) than in neurotypical individuals. We found no difference between individuals with ASD and neurotypical controls in brain wave responses to sounds that occurred earlier than expected in either simple or complex rhythms. There was also no relationship between these brain waves and social communication or repetitive behavior scores. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2362 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=434 [article] Individuals With Autism Have No Detectable Deficit in Neural Markers of Prediction Error When Presented With Auditory Rhythms of Varied Temporal Complexity [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Emily J. KNIGHT, Auteur ; Leona OAKES, Auteur ; Susan L. HYMAN, Auteur ; Edward G. FREEDMAN, Auteur ; John J. FOXE, Auteur . - p.2058-2072. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-12 (December 2020) . - p.2058-2072 Mots-clés : auditory perceptual disorders  autism spectrum disorder  communication disorders  electroencephalography  evoked potentials, auditory  mismatch negativity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The brain's ability to encode temporal patterns and predict upcoming events is critical for speech perception and other aspects of social communication. Deficits in predictive coding may contribute to difficulties with social communication and overreliance on repetitive predictable environments in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Using a mismatch negativity (MMN) task involving rhythmic tone sequences of varying complexity, we tested the hypotheses that (1) individuals with ASD have reduced MMN response to auditory stimuli that deviate in presentation timing from expected patterns, particularly as pattern complexity increases and (2) amplitude of MMN signal is inversely correlated with level of impairment in social communication and repetitive behaviors. Electroencephalography was acquired as individuals (age 6-21?years) listened to repeated five-rhythm tones that varied in the Shannon entropy of the rhythm across three conditions (zero, medium-1 bit, and high-2 bit entropy). The majority of the tones conformed to the established rhythm (standard tones); occasionally the fourth tone was temporally shifted relative to its expected time of occurrence (deviant tones). Social communication and repetitive behaviors were measured using the Social Responsiveness Scale and Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised. Both neurotypical controls (n = 19) and individuals with ASD (n = 21) show stepwise decreases in MMN as a function of increasing entropy. Contrary to the result forecasted by a predictive coding hypothesis, individuals with ASD do not differ from controls in these neural mechanisms of prediction error to auditory rhythms of varied temporal complexity, and there is no relationship between these signals and social communication or repetitive behavior measures. LAY SUMMARY: We tested the idea that the brain's ability to use previous experience to influence processing of sounds is weaker in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) than in neurotypical individuals. We found no difference between individuals with ASD and neurotypical controls in brain wave responses to sounds that occurred earlier than expected in either simple or complex rhythms. There was also no relationship between these brain waves and social communication or repetitive behavior scores. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2362 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=434

The Autism-Related lncRNA MSNP1AS Regulates Moesin Protein to Influence the RhoA, Rac1, and PI3K/Akt Pathways and Regulate the Structure and Survival of Neurons / Ting LUO in Autism Research, 13-12 (December 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-12 (December 2020) . - p.2073-2082 Titre : The Autism-Related lncRNA MSNP1AS Regulates Moesin Protein to Influence the RhoA, Rac1, and PI3K/Akt Pathways and Regulate the Structure and Survival of Neurons Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ting LUO, Auteur ; Jin-Nan OU, Auteur ; Li-Fang CAO, Auteur ; Xiao-Qing PENG, Auteur ; Ya-Min LI, Auteur ; Yong-Quan TIAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2073-2082 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Msnp1as  autism spectrum disorder  lncRNA  neuron Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex disease involving multiple genes and multiple sites, and it is closely related to environmental factors. It has been gradually revealed that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) may regulate the pathogenesis of ASD at the epigenetic level. In neuronal cells, the lncRNA moesin pseudogene 1 antisense (MSNP1AS) forms a double-stranded RNA with moesin (MSN) to suppress moesin protein expression. MSNP1AS overexpression can activate the RhoA pathway and inhibit the Rac1 and PI3K/Akt pathways; however, the regulation of Rac1 by MSNP1AS is not associated with MSN, and the effect on the RhoA pathway may also be associated with other factors. MSNP1AS can decrease the number and length of neurites, inhibit neuronal cell viability and migration, and promote apoptosis. Downregulation of MSN expression functions similarly to MSNP1AS, and its overexpression can block the above functions of MSNP1AS. In addition, in vivo experiments show that MSN improves social interactions and reduces repetitive behaviors in BTBR mice, decreases the activity of RhoA and restores the activity of PI3K/Akt pathway. Therefore, the abnormal expression of MSNP1AS in ASD patients might influence the structure and survival of neuronal cells through the regulation of moesin protein expression to facilitate the development and progression of ASD. These findings provide new evidence for studying the mechanisms of lncRNAs in ASD. LAY SUMMARY: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common neurodevelopmental disease and its neurodevelopmental mechanisms have not been elucidated. More and more studies have found that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) can regulate the development of central nervous system in many ways and affect the pathogenic process of ASD. Moesin pseudogene 1 antisense (MSNP1AS) is an up-regulated lncRNA in ASD patients. In-depth functional experiments showed that MSNP1AS inhibited moesin protein expression and regulated the activation of multiple signaling pathways, thus decreasing the number and length of neurites, inhibiting neuronal cell viability and migration, and promoting apoptosis. Therefore, MSNP1AS is an important lncRNA related to ASD and can regulate the biological function of neurons. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2413 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=434 [article] The Autism-Related lncRNA MSNP1AS Regulates Moesin Protein to Influence the RhoA, Rac1, and PI3K/Akt Pathways and Regulate the Structure and Survival of Neurons [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ting LUO, Auteur ; Jin-Nan OU, Auteur ; Li-Fang CAO, Auteur ; Xiao-Qing PENG, Auteur ; Ya-Min LI, Auteur ; Yong-Quan TIAN, Auteur . - p.2073-2082. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-12 (December 2020) . - p.2073-2082 Mots-clés : Msnp1as  autism spectrum disorder  lncRNA  neuron Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex disease involving multiple genes and multiple sites, and it is closely related to environmental factors. It has been gradually revealed that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) may regulate the pathogenesis of ASD at the epigenetic level. In neuronal cells, the lncRNA moesin pseudogene 1 antisense (MSNP1AS) forms a double-stranded RNA with moesin (MSN) to suppress moesin protein expression. MSNP1AS overexpression can activate the RhoA pathway and inhibit the Rac1 and PI3K/Akt pathways; however, the regulation of Rac1 by MSNP1AS is not associated with MSN, and the effect on the RhoA pathway may also be associated with other factors. MSNP1AS can decrease the number and length of neurites, inhibit neuronal cell viability and migration, and promote apoptosis. Downregulation of MSN expression functions similarly to MSNP1AS, and its overexpression can block the above functions of MSNP1AS. In addition, in vivo experiments show that MSN improves social interactions and reduces repetitive behaviors in BTBR mice, decreases the activity of RhoA and restores the activity of PI3K/Akt pathway. Therefore, the abnormal expression of MSNP1AS in ASD patients might influence the structure and survival of neuronal cells through the regulation of moesin protein expression to facilitate the development and progression of ASD. These findings provide new evidence for studying the mechanisms of lncRNAs in ASD. LAY SUMMARY: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common neurodevelopmental disease and its neurodevelopmental mechanisms have not been elucidated. More and more studies have found that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) can regulate the development of central nervous system in many ways and affect the pathogenic process of ASD. Moesin pseudogene 1 antisense (MSNP1AS) is an up-regulated lncRNA in ASD patients. In-depth functional experiments showed that MSNP1AS inhibited moesin protein expression and regulated the activation of multiple signaling pathways, thus decreasing the number and length of neurites, inhibiting neuronal cell viability and migration, and promoting apoptosis. Therefore, MSNP1AS is an important lncRNA related to ASD and can regulate the biological function of neurons. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2413 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=434

Trial-to-Trial Variability in Electrodermal Activity to Odor in Autism / Sarah M. HAIGH in Autism Research, 13-12 (December 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-12 (December 2020) . - p.2083-2093 Titre : Trial-to-Trial Variability in Electrodermal Activity to Odor in Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sarah M. HAIGH, Auteur ; Yaara ENDEVELT-SHAPIRA, Auteur ; Marlene BEHRMANN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2083-2093 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  electrodermal activity  faces  fear  trial-to-trial variability Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abnormal trial-to-trial variability (TTV) has been identified as a key feature of neural processing that is related to increased symptom severity in autism. The majority of studies evaluating TTV have focused on cortical processing. However, identifying whether similar atypicalities are evident in the peripheral nervous system will help isolate perturbed mechanisms in autism. The current study focuses on TTV in responses from the peripheral nervous system, specifically from electrodermal activity (EDA). We analyzed previously collected EDA data from 17 adults with autism and 19 neurotypical controls who viewed faces while being simultaneously exposed to fear (fear-induced sweat) and neutral odors. Average EDA peaks were significantly smaller and TTV was reduced in the autism group compared to controls, particularly during the fear odor condition. Amplitude and TTV were positively correlated in both groups, but the relationship was stronger in the control group. In addition, TTV was reduced in those with higher Autism Quotient scores but only for the individuals with autism. These findings confirm the existing results that atypical TTV is a key feature of autism and that it reflects symptom severity, although the smaller TTV in EDA contrasts with the previous findings of greater TTV in cortical responses. Identifying the relationship between cortical and peripheral TTV in autism is key for furthering our understanding of autism physiology. LAY SUMMARY: We compared the changes in electrodermal activity (EDA) to emotional faces over the course of repeated faces in adults with autism and their matched controls. The faces were accompanied by smelling fear-inducing odors. We found smaller and less variable responses to the faces in autism when smelling fear odors, suggesting that the peripheral nervous system may be more rigid. These findings were exaggerated in those who had more severe autism-related symptoms. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2377 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=434 [article] Trial-to-Trial Variability in Electrodermal Activity to Odor in Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sarah M. HAIGH, Auteur ; Yaara ENDEVELT-SHAPIRA, Auteur ; Marlene BEHRMANN, Auteur . - p.2083-2093. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-12 (December 2020) . - p.2083-2093 Mots-clés : autism  electrodermal activity  faces  fear  trial-to-trial variability Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abnormal trial-to-trial variability (TTV) has been identified as a key feature of neural processing that is related to increased symptom severity in autism. The majority of studies evaluating TTV have focused on cortical processing. However, identifying whether similar atypicalities are evident in the peripheral nervous system will help isolate perturbed mechanisms in autism. The current study focuses on TTV in responses from the peripheral nervous system, specifically from electrodermal activity (EDA). We analyzed previously collected EDA data from 17 adults with autism and 19 neurotypical controls who viewed faces while being simultaneously exposed to fear (fear-induced sweat) and neutral odors. Average EDA peaks were significantly smaller and TTV was reduced in the autism group compared to controls, particularly during the fear odor condition. Amplitude and TTV were positively correlated in both groups, but the relationship was stronger in the control group. In addition, TTV was reduced in those with higher Autism Quotient scores but only for the individuals with autism. These findings confirm the existing results that atypical TTV is a key feature of autism and that it reflects symptom severity, although the smaller TTV in EDA contrasts with the previous findings of greater TTV in cortical responses. Identifying the relationship between cortical and peripheral TTV in autism is key for furthering our understanding of autism physiology. LAY SUMMARY: We compared the changes in electrodermal activity (EDA) to emotional faces over the course of repeated faces in adults with autism and their matched controls. The faces were accompanied by smelling fear-inducing odors. We found smaller and less variable responses to the faces in autism when smelling fear odors, suggesting that the peripheral nervous system may be more rigid. These findings were exaggerated in those who had more severe autism-related symptoms. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2377 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=434

Subgroups of Temperament Associated with Social-Emotional Difficulties in Infants with Early Signs of Autism / Lacey CHETCUTI in Autism Research, 13-12 (December 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-12 (December 2020) . - p.2094-2101 Titre : Subgroups of Temperament Associated with Social-Emotional Difficulties in Infants with Early Signs of Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lacey CHETCUTI, Auteur ; Mirko ULJAREVIC, Auteur ; Kandice J. VARCIN, Auteur ; Maryam BOUTRUS, Auteur ; Ming Wai WAN, Auteur ; Jonathan GREEN, Auteur ; Teresa IACONO, Auteur ; Cheryl DISSANAYAKE, Auteur ; Andrew J. O. WHITEHOUSE, Auteur ; Kristelle HUDRY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2094-2101 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  externalizing  infants  internalizing  temperament Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Links between temperament and social-emotional difficulties are well-established in normative child development but remain poorly characterized in autism. We sought to characterize distinct temperament subgroups and their associations with concurrent internalizing and externalizing symptoms in a sample of 103 infants (M(age) = 12.39?months, SD = 1.97; 68% male) showing early signs of autism. Latent profile analysis was used to identify subgroups of infants with distinct temperament trait configurations on the Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised. Derived subgroups were then compared in terms of internalizing and externalizing symptoms on the Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment. Three distinct temperament subgroups were identified: (a) inhibited/low positive (n = 22), characterized by low Smiling and Laughter, low High-Intensity Pleasure, low Vocal Reactivity, and low Approach; (b) active/negative reactive (n = 23), characterized by high Activity Level, high Distress to Limitations, high Sadness, high Fear, and low Falling Reactivity; and (c) well-regulated (n = 51), characterized by high Cuddliness, high Soothability, and high Low-Intensity Pleasure. There were no differences in infant sex ratio, mean age or developmental/cognitive ability. Inhibited/low-positive infants had significantly more behavioral autism signs than active/negative reactive and well-regulated infants, who did not differ. Inhibited/low-positive and active/negative reactive infants had higher internalizing symptoms, relative to well-regulated infants, and active/negative reactive infants also had higher externalizing symptoms. These findings align closely with those garnered in the context of normative child development, and point to child temperament as a putative target for internalizing and externalizing interventions. LAY SUMMARY: This study explored whether infants with early signs of autism could be grouped according to temperament characteristics (i.e., emotional, behavioral, and attentional traits). Three subgroups were identified that differed with respect to emotional and behavioral difficulties. Specifically, "inhibited/low-positive" infants had high emotional difficulties, "active/negative reactive" infants had high emotional and behavioral difficulties, while "well-regulated" infants had the lowest difficulties. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2381 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=434 [article] Subgroups of Temperament Associated with Social-Emotional Difficulties in Infants with Early Signs of Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lacey CHETCUTI, Auteur ; Mirko ULJAREVIC, Auteur ; Kandice J. VARCIN, Auteur ; Maryam BOUTRUS, Auteur ; Ming Wai WAN, Auteur ; Jonathan GREEN, Auteur ; Teresa IACONO, Auteur ; Cheryl DISSANAYAKE, Auteur ; Andrew J. O. WHITEHOUSE, Auteur ; Kristelle HUDRY, Auteur . - p.2094-2101. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-12 (December 2020) . - p.2094-2101 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  externalizing  infants  internalizing  temperament Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Links between temperament and social-emotional difficulties are well-established in normative child development but remain poorly characterized in autism. We sought to characterize distinct temperament subgroups and their associations with concurrent internalizing and externalizing symptoms in a sample of 103 infants (M(age) = 12.39?months, SD = 1.97; 68% male) showing early signs of autism. Latent profile analysis was used to identify subgroups of infants with distinct temperament trait configurations on the Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised. Derived subgroups were then compared in terms of internalizing and externalizing symptoms on the Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment. Three distinct temperament subgroups were identified: (a) inhibited/low positive (n = 22), characterized by low Smiling and Laughter, low High-Intensity Pleasure, low Vocal Reactivity, and low Approach; (b) active/negative reactive (n = 23), characterized by high Activity Level, high Distress to Limitations, high Sadness, high Fear, and low Falling Reactivity; and (c) well-regulated (n = 51), characterized by high Cuddliness, high Soothability, and high Low-Intensity Pleasure. There were no differences in infant sex ratio, mean age or developmental/cognitive ability. Inhibited/low-positive infants had significantly more behavioral autism signs than active/negative reactive and well-regulated infants, who did not differ. Inhibited/low-positive and active/negative reactive infants had higher internalizing symptoms, relative to well-regulated infants, and active/negative reactive infants also had higher externalizing symptoms. These findings align closely with those garnered in the context of normative child development, and point to child temperament as a putative target for internalizing and externalizing interventions. LAY SUMMARY: This study explored whether infants with early signs of autism could be grouped according to temperament characteristics (i.e., emotional, behavioral, and attentional traits). Three subgroups were identified that differed with respect to emotional and behavioral difficulties. Specifically, "inhibited/low-positive" infants had high emotional difficulties, "active/negative reactive" infants had high emotional and behavioral difficulties, while "well-regulated" infants had the lowest difficulties. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2381 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=434

Characteristic Executive Dysfunction for High-Functioning Autism Sustained to Adulthood / Rao XIE in Autism Research, 13-12 (December 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-12 (December 2020) . - p.2102-2121 Titre : Characteristic Executive Dysfunction for High-Functioning Autism Sustained to Adulthood Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Rao XIE, Auteur ; Xiao SUN, Auteur ; Li YANG, Auteur ; Yanqing GUO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2102-2121 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Asperger's syndrome  executive function  high-functioning autism spectrum disorder  meta-analysis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The comprehensiveness and severity of executive dysfunction in high-functioning autism (HFA) spectrum disorder have not reached a unified conclusion especially in patients in adulthood. Clarifying this issue is critical for guiding clinical diagnosis and targeted intervention. The primary objective of the present meta-analysis was to study the characteristics of executive function (EF) in adults with HFA compared to typically developing (TD) adults, by taking five key components into consideration, including inhibition, working memory, flexibility, planning, and fluency. The PubMed and Embase databases were searched to identify peer-reviewed studies that compared EF in adults with and without HFA from 1980 to November 2018. Hedges' g effect sizes were computed to measure the primary outcome. Moderators like age, sex, and diagnostic tools were controlled using meta-regressions. Forty-two studies satisfying the selection criteria were included, which resulted in a large sample size of 2419 participants. A moderate overall effect size for reduced EF across domains was found in adults with HFA, compared with TD (g = 0.57, 95% confidence interval 0.47-0.66). Subsequently, a broad executive dysfunction was found in adults with HFA in this study (flexibility [g = 0.69], planning [g = 0.64], inhibition [g = 0.61], working memory [g = 0.48], fluency [g = 0.42]), with the predominated impairment on flexibility and planning. Taken together, these results provide evidence for the executive dysfunction hypothesis and may assist in the clinical diagnosis and targeted intervention, suggesting the necessity of sustained intervention on EF for individuals with HFA from childhood to adulthood. LAY SUMMARY: The meta-analysis explored the characteristics of EF in adults with high-functioning autism (HFA) comparing to typically developing controls. Moderate effect sizes for reduced EF across domains were found in adults with HFA, with the flexibility and planning being the most predominately impaired. A comprehensive measurement of EF in adults with HFA has important clinical implications for the diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and a fundamental understanding for developmental trajectory of these patients. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2304 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=434 [article] Characteristic Executive Dysfunction for High-Functioning Autism Sustained to Adulthood [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Rao XIE, Auteur ; Xiao SUN, Auteur ; Li YANG, Auteur ; Yanqing GUO, Auteur . - p.2102-2121. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-12 (December 2020) . - p.2102-2121 Mots-clés : Asperger's syndrome  executive function  high-functioning autism spectrum disorder  meta-analysis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The comprehensiveness and severity of executive dysfunction in high-functioning autism (HFA) spectrum disorder have not reached a unified conclusion especially in patients in adulthood. Clarifying this issue is critical for guiding clinical diagnosis and targeted intervention. The primary objective of the present meta-analysis was to study the characteristics of executive function (EF) in adults with HFA compared to typically developing (TD) adults, by taking five key components into consideration, including inhibition, working memory, flexibility, planning, and fluency. The PubMed and Embase databases were searched to identify peer-reviewed studies that compared EF in adults with and without HFA from 1980 to November 2018. Hedges' g effect sizes were computed to measure the primary outcome. Moderators like age, sex, and diagnostic tools were controlled using meta-regressions. Forty-two studies satisfying the selection criteria were included, which resulted in a large sample size of 2419 participants. A moderate overall effect size for reduced EF across domains was found in adults with HFA, compared with TD (g = 0.57, 95% confidence interval 0.47-0.66). Subsequently, a broad executive dysfunction was found in adults with HFA in this study (flexibility [g = 0.69], planning [g = 0.64], inhibition [g = 0.61], working memory [g = 0.48], fluency [g = 0.42]), with the predominated impairment on flexibility and planning. Taken together, these results provide evidence for the executive dysfunction hypothesis and may assist in the clinical diagnosis and targeted intervention, suggesting the necessity of sustained intervention on EF for individuals with HFA from childhood to adulthood. LAY SUMMARY: The meta-analysis explored the characteristics of EF in adults with high-functioning autism (HFA) comparing to typically developing controls. Moderate effect sizes for reduced EF across domains were found in adults with HFA, with the flexibility and planning being the most predominately impaired. A comprehensive measurement of EF in adults with HFA has important clinical implications for the diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and a fundamental understanding for developmental trajectory of these patients. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2304 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=434

Experience of Trauma and PTSD Symptoms in Autistic Adults: Risk of PTSD Development Following DSM-5 and Non-DSM-5 Traumatic Life Events / Freya RUMBALL in Autism Research, 13-12 (December 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-12 (December 2020) . - p.2122-2132 Titre : Experience of Trauma and PTSD Symptoms in Autistic Adults: Risk of PTSD Development Following DSM-5 and Non-DSM-5 Traumatic Life Events Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Freya RUMBALL, Auteur ; Francesca HAPPE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2122-2132 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Asd  Ptsd  autism  post-traumatic stress disorder  prevalence  trauma Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Research to date suggests that individuals with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) may be at increased risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following exposure to traumatic life events. It has been posited that characteristics of ASD may affect perceptions of trauma, with a wider range of life events acting as possible catalysts for PTSD development. This study set out to explore the nature of "trauma" for adults with ASD and the rates of self-reported PTSD symptomatology following DSM-5 and non-DSM-5 traumas-the latter being defined as those that would not meet the standard DSM-5 PTSD trauma Criterion A. Fifty-nine adults with ASD who reported exposure to traumatic events took part in the study, which involved completing a series of online questionnaires. Thirty-three individuals reported experiencing a "DSM-5" traumatic event (i.e., an event meeting DSM-5 PTSD Criterion A) and 35 reported a "non-DSM-5" traumautic event. Trauma-exposed ASD adults were found to be at increased risk of PTSD development, compared to previous general population statistics, with PTSD symptom scores crossing thresholds suggestive of probable PTSD diagnosis for more than 40% of ASD individuals following DSM-5 or non-DSM-5 traumas. A broader range of life events appear to be experienced as traumatic and may act as a catalyst for PTSD development in adults with ASD. Assessment of trauma and PTSD symptomatology should consider possible non-DSM-5 traumas in this population, and PTSD diagnosis and treatment should not be withheld simply due to the atypicality of the experienced traumatic event. LAY SUMMARY: This study explored the experience of trauma and rates of probable post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD). We asked 59 autistic adults to complete online questionnaires about their experiences of stressful or traumatic events and related mental health difficulties. Autistic adults experienced a wide range of life events as traumatic, with over 40% showing probable PTSD within the last month and over 60% reporting probable PTSD at some point in their lifetime. Many of the life events experienced as traumas would not be recognized in some current diagnostic systems, raising concerns that autistic people may not receive the help they need for likely PTSD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2306 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=434 [article] Experience of Trauma and PTSD Symptoms in Autistic Adults: Risk of PTSD Development Following DSM-5 and Non-DSM-5 Traumatic Life Events [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Freya RUMBALL, Auteur ; Francesca HAPPE, Auteur . - p.2122-2132. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-12 (December 2020) . - p.2122-2132 Mots-clés : Asd  Ptsd  autism  post-traumatic stress disorder  prevalence  trauma Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Research to date suggests that individuals with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) may be at increased risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following exposure to traumatic life events. It has been posited that characteristics of ASD may affect perceptions of trauma, with a wider range of life events acting as possible catalysts for PTSD development. This study set out to explore the nature of "trauma" for adults with ASD and the rates of self-reported PTSD symptomatology following DSM-5 and non-DSM-5 traumas-the latter being defined as those that would not meet the standard DSM-5 PTSD trauma Criterion A. Fifty-nine adults with ASD who reported exposure to traumatic events took part in the study, which involved completing a series of online questionnaires. Thirty-three individuals reported experiencing a "DSM-5" traumatic event (i.e., an event meeting DSM-5 PTSD Criterion A) and 35 reported a "non-DSM-5" traumautic event. Trauma-exposed ASD adults were found to be at increased risk of PTSD development, compared to previous general population statistics, with PTSD symptom scores crossing thresholds suggestive of probable PTSD diagnosis for more than 40% of ASD individuals following DSM-5 or non-DSM-5 traumas. A broader range of life events appear to be experienced as traumatic and may act as a catalyst for PTSD development in adults with ASD. Assessment of trauma and PTSD symptomatology should consider possible non-DSM-5 traumas in this population, and PTSD diagnosis and treatment should not be withheld simply due to the atypicality of the experienced traumatic event. LAY SUMMARY: This study explored the experience of trauma and rates of probable post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD). We asked 59 autistic adults to complete online questionnaires about their experiences of stressful or traumatic events and related mental health difficulties. Autistic adults experienced a wide range of life events as traumatic, with over 40% showing probable PTSD within the last month and over 60% reporting probable PTSD at some point in their lifetime. Many of the life events experienced as traumas would not be recognized in some current diagnostic systems, raising concerns that autistic people may not receive the help they need for likely PTSD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2306 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=434

Computer Vision Analysis of Reduced Interpersonal Affect Coordination in Youth With Autism Spectrum Disorder / Casey J. ZAMPELLA in Autism Research, 13-12 (December 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-12 (December 2020) . - p.2133-2142 Titre : Computer Vision Analysis of Reduced Interpersonal Affect Coordination in Youth With Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Casey J. ZAMPELLA, Auteur ; Loisa BENNETTO, Auteur ; John D. HERRINGTON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2133-2142 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : affect/emotion  computer vision  facial expression  interpersonal coordination  social-emotional reciprocity  synchrony Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Atypical social-emotional reciprocity is a core feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) but can be difficult to operationalize. One measurable manifestation of reciprocity may be interpersonal coordination, the tendency to align the form and timing of one's behaviors (including facial affect) with others. Interpersonal affect coordination facilitates sharing and understanding of emotional cues, and there is evidence that it is reduced in ASD. However, most research has not measured this process in true social contexts, due in part to a lack of tools for measuring dynamic facial expressions over the course of an interaction. Automated facial analysis via computer vision provides an efficient, granular, objective method for measuring naturally occurring facial affect and coordination. Youth with ASD and matched typically developing youth participated in cooperative conversations with their mothers and unfamiliar adults. Time-synchronized videos were analyzed with an open-source computer vision toolkit for automated facial analysis, for the presence and intensity of facial movements associated with positive affect. Both youth and adult conversation partners exhibited less positive affect during conversations when the youth partner had ASD. Youth with ASD also engaged in less affect coordination over the course of conversations. When considered dimensionally across youth with and without ASD, affect coordination significantly predicted scores on rating scales of autism-related social atypicality, adaptive social skills, and empathy. Findings suggest that affect coordination is an important interpersonal process with implications for broader social-emotional functioning. This preliminary study introduces a promising novel method for quantifying moment-to-moment facial expression and emotional reciprocity during natural interactions. LAY SUMMARY: This study introduces a novel, automated method for measuring social-emotional reciprocity during natural conversations, which may improve assessment of this core autism diagnostic behavior. We used computerized methods to measure facial affect and the degree of affect coordination between conversation partners. Youth with autism displayed reduced affect coordination, and reduced affect coordination predicted lower scores on measures of broader social-emotional skills. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2334 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=434 [article] Computer Vision Analysis of Reduced Interpersonal Affect Coordination in Youth With Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Casey J. ZAMPELLA, Auteur ; Loisa BENNETTO, Auteur ; John D. HERRINGTON, Auteur . - p.2133-2142. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-12 (December 2020) . - p.2133-2142 Mots-clés : affect/emotion  computer vision  facial expression  interpersonal coordination  social-emotional reciprocity  synchrony Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Atypical social-emotional reciprocity is a core feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) but can be difficult to operationalize. One measurable manifestation of reciprocity may be interpersonal coordination, the tendency to align the form and timing of one's behaviors (including facial affect) with others. Interpersonal affect coordination facilitates sharing and understanding of emotional cues, and there is evidence that it is reduced in ASD. However, most research has not measured this process in true social contexts, due in part to a lack of tools for measuring dynamic facial expressions over the course of an interaction. Automated facial analysis via computer vision provides an efficient, granular, objective method for measuring naturally occurring facial affect and coordination. Youth with ASD and matched typically developing youth participated in cooperative conversations with their mothers and unfamiliar adults. Time-synchronized videos were analyzed with an open-source computer vision toolkit for automated facial analysis, for the presence and intensity of facial movements associated with positive affect. Both youth and adult conversation partners exhibited less positive affect during conversations when the youth partner had ASD. Youth with ASD also engaged in less affect coordination over the course of conversations. When considered dimensionally across youth with and without ASD, affect coordination significantly predicted scores on rating scales of autism-related social atypicality, adaptive social skills, and empathy. Findings suggest that affect coordination is an important interpersonal process with implications for broader social-emotional functioning. This preliminary study introduces a promising novel method for quantifying moment-to-moment facial expression and emotional reciprocity during natural interactions. LAY SUMMARY: This study introduces a novel, automated method for measuring social-emotional reciprocity during natural conversations, which may improve assessment of this core autism diagnostic behavior. We used computerized methods to measure facial affect and the degree of affect coordination between conversation partners. Youth with autism displayed reduced affect coordination, and reduced affect coordination predicted lower scores on measures of broader social-emotional skills. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2334 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=434

DAS-II Cognitive Profiles Are Not Diagnostically Meaningful For Autism: A ROC Analysis / Caitlin C. CLEMENTS in Autism Research, 13-12 (December 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-12 (December 2020) . - p.2143-2154 Titre : DAS-II Cognitive Profiles Are Not Diagnostically Meaningful For Autism: A ROC Analysis Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Caitlin C. CLEMENTS, Auteur ; Timea SPARDING, Auteur ; Robert T. SCHULTZ, Auteur ; Benjamin E YERYS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2143-2154 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Das-ii  Roc  autism  cognitive profiles  intelligence Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Intelligence assessment is an integral part of a comprehensive autism evaluation. Many past studies have described a cognitive profile of autistic individuals characterized by higher nonverbal than verbal IQ scores. The diagnostic utility of this profile, however, remains unknown. We leveraged receiver operating characteristic methods to determine the sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) of three different IQ profiles in a large sample of children who have an autism spectrum disorder diagnosis (N = 1,228, Simons Simplex Collection) who completed the Differential Ability Scales-Second Edition (DAS-II), School Age compared to the normative sample provided by the DAS-II publisher (N = 2,200). The frequently discussed nonverbal > verbal IQ profile performed near chance at distinguishing ASD from normative individuals (AUC: 0.54, 95% CI [0.52-0.56]), and performed significantly worse for females than males (AUC: females: 0.46 [0.41-0.52]; males: 0.55 [0.53-0.58]). All cognitive profiles showed AUC? En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2336 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=434 [article] DAS-II Cognitive Profiles Are Not Diagnostically Meaningful For Autism: A ROC Analysis [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Caitlin C. CLEMENTS, Auteur ; Timea SPARDING, Auteur ; Robert T. SCHULTZ, Auteur ; Benjamin E YERYS, Auteur . - p.2143-2154. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-12 (December 2020) . - p.2143-2154 Mots-clés : Das-ii  Roc  autism  cognitive profiles  intelligence Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Intelligence assessment is an integral part of a comprehensive autism evaluation. Many past studies have described a cognitive profile of autistic individuals characterized by higher nonverbal than verbal IQ scores. The diagnostic utility of this profile, however, remains unknown. We leveraged receiver operating characteristic methods to determine the sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) of three different IQ profiles in a large sample of children who have an autism spectrum disorder diagnosis (N = 1,228, Simons Simplex Collection) who completed the Differential Ability Scales-Second Edition (DAS-II), School Age compared to the normative sample provided by the DAS-II publisher (N = 2,200). The frequently discussed nonverbal > verbal IQ profile performed near chance at distinguishing ASD from normative individuals (AUC: 0.54, 95% CI [0.52-0.56]), and performed significantly worse for females than males (AUC: females: 0.46 [0.41-0.52]; males: 0.55 [0.53-0.58]). All cognitive profiles showed AUC? En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2336 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=434

Sex Differences in Social Participation of High School Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder / Leann S. DAWALT in Autism Research, 13-12 (December 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-12 (December 2020) . - p.2155-2163 Titre : Sex Differences in Social Participation of High School Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Leann S. DAWALT, Auteur ; Julie LOUNDS TAYLOR, Auteur ; Somer L. BISHOP, Auteur ; Laura J. HALL, Auteur ; Jessica Dykstra STEINBRENNER, Auteur ; Bonnie KRAEMER, Auteur ; Kara A. HUME, Auteur ; Samuel L ODOM, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2155-2163 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adolescence  autism spectrum disorder  sex differences  social interactions Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : There is lack of consensus in the literature regarding sex differences in social outcomes for individuals on the autism spectrum. Furthermore, little research has focused on the social experiences of high school students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) during the school day. Using a large racially/ethnically diverse sample of high school students with ASD receiving special education services (n = 547; 76 females, 471 males), we examined sex differences in social interactions of youth both during and after school. We also tested for sex differences in background and phenotypic characteristics including autism severity, IQ, adaptive behavior, and mental health. Results indicated few statistically significant differences between males and females in social interactions and phenotypic characteristics (including raw scores of autism symptom severity). However, analysis of standardized scores of autism symptoms suggested that symptom scores for females with ASD diverged more from same-sex peers in the normed sample than scores of males with ASD. Lack of sex difference in social participation for youth with ASD in this study stands in contrast to patterns of sex differences in the general population. Findings suggest that few differences between males and females with ASD, both in social participation and autism symptom severity, might result in females with ASD being more dissimilar to their same-sex peers than males with ASD. Implications of findings for understanding sex differences in ASD across the life course are discussed. LAY SUMMARY: The present study examined sex differences in social participation in a large, diverse sample of high school students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Males and females were very similar in their social interactions both at school and outside of school, based on reports by teachers and parents. Level of autism symptoms was also similar for males and females. However, standardized scores of autism symptoms, which take into account age and sex specific norms, suggested that females with ASD may have behaviors that are more divergent from their same-sex peers than males with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2348 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=434 [article] Sex Differences in Social Participation of High School Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Leann S. DAWALT, Auteur ; Julie LOUNDS TAYLOR, Auteur ; Somer L. BISHOP, Auteur ; Laura J. HALL, Auteur ; Jessica Dykstra STEINBRENNER, Auteur ; Bonnie KRAEMER, Auteur ; Kara A. HUME, Auteur ; Samuel L ODOM, Auteur . - p.2155-2163. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-12 (December 2020) . - p.2155-2163 Mots-clés : adolescence  autism spectrum disorder  sex differences  social interactions Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : There is lack of consensus in the literature regarding sex differences in social outcomes for individuals on the autism spectrum. Furthermore, little research has focused on the social experiences of high school students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) during the school day. Using a large racially/ethnically diverse sample of high school students with ASD receiving special education services (n = 547; 76 females, 471 males), we examined sex differences in social interactions of youth both during and after school. We also tested for sex differences in background and phenotypic characteristics including autism severity, IQ, adaptive behavior, and mental health. Results indicated few statistically significant differences between males and females in social interactions and phenotypic characteristics (including raw scores of autism symptom severity). However, analysis of standardized scores of autism symptoms suggested that symptom scores for females with ASD diverged more from same-sex peers in the normed sample than scores of males with ASD. Lack of sex difference in social participation for youth with ASD in this study stands in contrast to patterns of sex differences in the general population. Findings suggest that few differences between males and females with ASD, both in social participation and autism symptom severity, might result in females with ASD being more dissimilar to their same-sex peers than males with ASD. Implications of findings for understanding sex differences in ASD across the life course are discussed. LAY SUMMARY: The present study examined sex differences in social participation in a large, diverse sample of high school students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Males and females were very similar in their social interactions both at school and outside of school, based on reports by teachers and parents. Level of autism symptoms was also similar for males and females. However, standardized scores of autism symptoms, which take into account age and sex specific norms, suggested that females with ASD may have behaviors that are more divergent from their same-sex peers than males with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2348 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=434

Student, Educator, and Parent Perspectives of Self-Determination in High School Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder / Brianne TOMASZEWSKI in Autism Research, 13-12 (December 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-12 (December 2020) . - p.2164-2176 Titre : Student, Educator, and Parent Perspectives of Self-Determination in High School Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Brianne TOMASZEWSKI, Auteur ; Bonnie KRAEMER, Auteur ; Jessica R. STEINBRENNER, Auteur ; Leann S. DAWALT, Auteur ; Laura J. HALL, Auteur ; Kara HUME, Auteur ; Samuel L ODOM, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2164-2176 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adolescents  autism spectrum disorder  choice behavior  personal autonomy  self-report  surveys and questionnaires Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Self-determination refers to an individual being a causal agent in their daily activities, including the ability to express their own needs, interests, and wants, make choices, and set goals. Self-determination is critical during adolescence and has been linked to positive educational outcomes in individuals with disabilities. Few studies have characterized the measurement of self-determination in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The purpose of the current study was to (a) examine the agreement across the American Institutes for Research Self-Determination Scale (Wolman et al., AIR Self-determination scale and user guide. Palo Alto, CA: American Institute for Research, 1994) student, educator, and parent forms for high school students with ASD, and (b) examine student and family predictors of self-determination. Participants included adolescents with ASD (N = 547, mean chronological age = 16.1?years, SD = 1.4?years), their parents, and educators. Student reports did not correspond to parent or educator reports, and parent and educator reports were in moderate agreement. Adaptive behavior was a significant predictor of self-determination across reporters, highlighting the significance of adaptive behavior skills during high school. In addition to promoting adaptive behavior, supporting family empowerment, and reducing family burden may help to increase self-determination in high school students with ASD. LAY SUMMARY: Self-determination refers to the abilities and opportunities for students to make choices, plans, and set goals. The current study examined self-determination from multiple perspectives in a large, diverse sample of high school students with ASD. Students, parents, and their teachers each completed a questionnaire on self-determination and had little to some agreement across reporters. Providing support to families and help for students to increase independent skills may promote self-determination. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2337 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=434 [article] Student, Educator, and Parent Perspectives of Self-Determination in High School Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Brianne TOMASZEWSKI, Auteur ; Bonnie KRAEMER, Auteur ; Jessica R. STEINBRENNER, Auteur ; Leann S. DAWALT, Auteur ; Laura J. HALL, Auteur ; Kara HUME, Auteur ; Samuel L ODOM, Auteur . - p.2164-2176. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-12 (December 2020) . - p.2164-2176 Mots-clés : adolescents  autism spectrum disorder  choice behavior  personal autonomy  self-report  surveys and questionnaires Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Self-determination refers to an individual being a causal agent in their daily activities, including the ability to express their own needs, interests, and wants, make choices, and set goals. Self-determination is critical during adolescence and has been linked to positive educational outcomes in individuals with disabilities. Few studies have characterized the measurement of self-determination in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The purpose of the current study was to (a) examine the agreement across the American Institutes for Research Self-Determination Scale (Wolman et al., AIR Self-determination scale and user guide. Palo Alto, CA: American Institute for Research, 1994) student, educator, and parent forms for high school students with ASD, and (b) examine student and family predictors of self-determination. Participants included adolescents with ASD (N = 547, mean chronological age = 16.1?years, SD = 1.4?years), their parents, and educators. Student reports did not correspond to parent or educator reports, and parent and educator reports were in moderate agreement. Adaptive behavior was a significant predictor of self-determination across reporters, highlighting the significance of adaptive behavior skills during high school. In addition to promoting adaptive behavior, supporting family empowerment, and reducing family burden may help to increase self-determination in high school students with ASD. LAY SUMMARY: Self-determination refers to the abilities and opportunities for students to make choices, plans, and set goals. The current study examined self-determination from multiple perspectives in a large, diverse sample of high school students with ASD. Students, parents, and their teachers each completed a questionnaire on self-determination and had little to some agreement across reporters. Providing support to families and help for students to increase independent skills may promote self-determination. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2337 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=434

Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Show Impairments During Dynamic Versus Static Grip-force Tracking / Daniel E. LIDSTONE in Autism Research, 13-12 (December 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-12 (December 2020) . - p.2177-2189 Titre : Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Show Impairments During Dynamic Versus Static Grip-force Tracking Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Daniel E. LIDSTONE, Auteur ; Faria Z. MIAH, Auteur ; Brach POSTON, Auteur ; Julie F. BEASLEY, Auteur ; Stewart H. MOSTOFSKY, Auteur ; Janet S. DUFEK, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2177-2189 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  grip  neurodevelopmental disorders  psychophysiologic  visuomotor Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Impairments in visuomotor integration (VMI) may contribute to anomalous development of motor, as well as social-communicative, skills in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, it is relatively unknown whether VMI impairments are specific to children with ASD versus children with other neurodevelopmental disorders. As such, this study addressed the hypothesis that children with ASD, but not those in other clinical control groups, would show greater deficits in high-VMI dynamic grip-force tracking versus low-VMI static presentation. Seventy-nine children, aged 7-17?years, participated: 22 children with ASD, 17 children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), 18 children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and 22 typically developing (TD) children. Two grip-force tracking conditions were examined: (1) a low-VMI condition (static visual target) and (2) a high-VMI condition (dynamic visual target). Low-frequency force oscillations <0.5 Hz during the visuomotor task were also examined. Two-way ANCOVAs were used to examine group x VMI and group x frequency effects (? = 0.05). Children with ASD showed a difficulty, above that seen in the ADHD/FASD groups, tracking dynamic, but not static, visual stimuli as compared to TD children. Low-frequency force oscillations <0.25?Hz were also significantly greater in the ASD versus the TD group. This study is the first to report VMI deficits during dynamic versus static grip-force tracking and increased proportion of force oscillations <0.25?Hz during visuomotor tracking in the ASD versus TD group. Dynamic VMI impairments may be a core psychophysiologic feature that could contribute to impaired development of motor and social-communicative skills in ASD. LAY SUMMARY: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show difficulties using dynamic visual stimuli to guide their own movements compared to their typically developing (TD) peers. It is unknown whether children without a diagnosis of ASD, but with other neurological disorders, show similar difficulties processing dynamic visual stimuli. In this study, we showed that children with ASD show a difficulty using dynamic, but not static, visual stimuli to guide movement that may explain atypical development of motor and social skills. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2370 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=434 [article] Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Show Impairments During Dynamic Versus Static Grip-force Tracking [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Daniel E. LIDSTONE, Auteur ; Faria Z. MIAH, Auteur ; Brach POSTON, Auteur ; Julie F. BEASLEY, Auteur ; Stewart H. MOSTOFSKY, Auteur ; Janet S. DUFEK, Auteur . - p.2177-2189. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-12 (December 2020) . - p.2177-2189 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  grip  neurodevelopmental disorders  psychophysiologic  visuomotor Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Impairments in visuomotor integration (VMI) may contribute to anomalous development of motor, as well as social-communicative, skills in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, it is relatively unknown whether VMI impairments are specific to children with ASD versus children with other neurodevelopmental disorders. As such, this study addressed the hypothesis that children with ASD, but not those in other clinical control groups, would show greater deficits in high-VMI dynamic grip-force tracking versus low-VMI static presentation. Seventy-nine children, aged 7-17?years, participated: 22 children with ASD, 17 children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), 18 children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and 22 typically developing (TD) children. Two grip-force tracking conditions were examined: (1) a low-VMI condition (static visual target) and (2) a high-VMI condition (dynamic visual target). Low-frequency force oscillations <0.5 Hz during the visuomotor task were also examined. Two-way ANCOVAs were used to examine group x VMI and group x frequency effects (? = 0.05). Children with ASD showed a difficulty, above that seen in the ADHD/FASD groups, tracking dynamic, but not static, visual stimuli as compared to TD children. Low-frequency force oscillations <0.25?Hz were also significantly greater in the ASD versus the TD group. This study is the first to report VMI deficits during dynamic versus static grip-force tracking and increased proportion of force oscillations <0.25?Hz during visuomotor tracking in the ASD versus TD group. Dynamic VMI impairments may be a core psychophysiologic feature that could contribute to impaired development of motor and social-communicative skills in ASD. LAY SUMMARY: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show difficulties using dynamic visual stimuli to guide their own movements compared to their typically developing (TD) peers. It is unknown whether children without a diagnosis of ASD, but with other neurological disorders, show similar difficulties processing dynamic visual stimuli. In this study, we showed that children with ASD show a difficulty using dynamic, but not static, visual stimuli to guide movement that may explain atypical development of motor and social skills. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2370 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=434

Dyadic Synchrony and Responsiveness in the First Year: Associations with Autism Risk / Ashleigh M. KELLERMAN in Autism Research, 13-12 (December 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-12 (December 2020) . - p.2190-2201 Titre : Dyadic Synchrony and Responsiveness in the First Year: Associations with Autism Risk Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ashleigh M. KELLERMAN, Auteur ; A. J. SCHWICHTENBERG, Auteur ; Rana ABU-ZHAYA, Auteur ; Meghan MILLER, Auteur ; Gregory S. YOUNG, Auteur ; Sally OZONOFF, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2190-2201 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  dyadic synchrony  infant sibling  mother-infant interaction  responsiveness Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In the first year of life, the ability to engage in sustained synchronous interactions develops as infants learn to match social partner behaviors and sequentially regulate their behaviors in response to others. Difficulties developing competence in these early social building blocks can impact later language skills, joint attention, and emotion regulation. For children at elevated risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), early dyadic synchrony and responsiveness difficulties may be indicative of emerging ASD and/or developmental concerns. As part of a prospective developmental monitoring study, infant siblings of children with ASD (high-risk group n = 104) or typical development (low-risk group n = 71), and their mothers completed a standardized play task when infants were 6, 9, and/or 12?months of age. These interactions were coded for the frequency and duration of infant and mother gaze, positive affect, and vocalizations, respectively. Using these codes, theory-driven composites were created to index dyadic synchrony and infant/maternal responsiveness. Multilevel models revealed significant risk group differences in dyadic synchrony and infant responsiveness by 12?months of age. In addition, high-risk infants with higher dyadic synchrony and infant responsiveness at 12?months received significantly higher receptive and expressive language scores at 36?months. The findings of the present study highlight that promoting dyadic synchrony and responsiveness may aid in advancing optimal development in children at elevated risk for autism. LAY SUMMARY: In families raising children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD), younger siblings are at elevated risks for social communication difficulties. The present study explored whether social-communication differences were evident during a parent-child play task at 6, 9, and 12?months of age. For infant siblings of children with ASD, social differences during play were observed by 12?months of age and may inform ongoing monitoring and intervention efforts. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2373 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=434 [article] Dyadic Synchrony and Responsiveness in the First Year: Associations with Autism Risk [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ashleigh M. KELLERMAN, Auteur ; A. J. SCHWICHTENBERG, Auteur ; Rana ABU-ZHAYA, Auteur ; Meghan MILLER, Auteur ; Gregory S. YOUNG, Auteur ; Sally OZONOFF, Auteur . - p.2190-2201. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-12 (December 2020) . - p.2190-2201 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  dyadic synchrony  infant sibling  mother-infant interaction  responsiveness Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In the first year of life, the ability to engage in sustained synchronous interactions develops as infants learn to match social partner behaviors and sequentially regulate their behaviors in response to others. Difficulties developing competence in these early social building blocks can impact later language skills, joint attention, and emotion regulation. For children at elevated risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), early dyadic synchrony and responsiveness difficulties may be indicative of emerging ASD and/or developmental concerns. As part of a prospective developmental monitoring study, infant siblings of children with ASD (high-risk group n = 104) or typical development (low-risk group n = 71), and their mothers completed a standardized play task when infants were 6, 9, and/or 12?months of age. These interactions were coded for the frequency and duration of infant and mother gaze, positive affect, and vocalizations, respectively. Using these codes, theory-driven composites were created to index dyadic synchrony and infant/maternal responsiveness. Multilevel models revealed significant risk group differences in dyadic synchrony and infant responsiveness by 12?months of age. In addition, high-risk infants with higher dyadic synchrony and infant responsiveness at 12?months received significantly higher receptive and expressive language scores at 36?months. The findings of the present study highlight that promoting dyadic synchrony and responsiveness may aid in advancing optimal development in children at elevated risk for autism. LAY SUMMARY: In families raising children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD), younger siblings are at elevated risks for social communication difficulties. The present study explored whether social-communication differences were evident during a parent-child play task at 6, 9, and 12?months of age. For infant siblings of children with ASD, social differences during play were observed by 12?months of age and may inform ongoing monitoring and intervention efforts. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2373 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=434

Pubertal Timing During Early Adolescence: Advanced Pubertal Onset in Females with Autism Spectrum Disorder / Blythe A. CORBETT in Autism Research, 13-12 (December 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-12 (December 2020) . - p.2202-2215 Titre : Pubertal Timing During Early Adolescence: Advanced Pubertal Onset in Females with Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Blythe A. CORBETT, Auteur ; Simon VANDEKAR, Auteur ; Rachael A. MUSCATELLO, Auteur ; Yasas TANGUTURI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2202-2215 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adolescence  autism  development  female  puberty Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by impaired social communication and poor adaptation to change; thus, the onset of puberty may be a pivotal transition. This cross-sectional study measured pubertal timing to examine hypothesized differences for sex (female vs. male) and group (ASD vs. typical development [TD]). Participants included 239 children (137 ASD, 102 TD) between 10 and 13?years. The ASD group included 35 females and 102 males; the TDs included 44 females and 58 males. Pubertal onset measured by genital or pubic stage was investigated with linear regression using main effects of sex and age-by-sex interactions in TD and ASD groups and main effects of diagnosis and diagnosis-by-age interactions in males and females, controlling for body mass index, socioeconomic status, and race. In TD, examination of main effects for genital (penis/breast) stage showed no difference for male and female children (t = 1.33, P = 0.187, rdf = 92); however, there were significant differences in ASD (t = 2.70, P = 0.008, rdf = 121). For diagnosis modeled separately by sex, there was significantly earlier pubertal development in females with ASD (t = 1.97, P = 0.053, rdf = 70, but not males (t = 1.329, P = 0.186, rdf = 143). In addition, analysis of menses revealed females with ASD had significantly earlier onset than TD (t = -2.56, P = 0.018, rdf = 21). Examination of pubic stage revealed expected sex differences for TD (t = 2,674, P = 0.009, rdf = 91) and ASD (t = 3.482, P = 0.001, rdf = 121). Females with ASD evidence advanced pubertal onset relative to ASD males and TD females. Findings underscore the need for enhanced understanding of pubertal development in ASD, as differences may have significant psychological, social, physiological, and developmental consequences. LAY SUMMARY: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have difficulty with social communication and respond poorly to change, which may include the onset and course of puberty. The study measured the timing of puberty in 239 children (137 ASD and 102 typical development [TD]) between 10 and 13?years based on pubertal stage of genital (breast/penis) and pubic hair development. Females with ASD evidence advanced pubertal onset relative to ASD males and TD females. Findings underscore the need for an enhanced understanding of pubertal development in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2406 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=434 [article] Pubertal Timing During Early Adolescence: Advanced Pubertal Onset in Females with Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Blythe A. CORBETT, Auteur ; Simon VANDEKAR, Auteur ; Rachael A. MUSCATELLO, Auteur ; Yasas TANGUTURI, Auteur . - p.2202-2215. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-12 (December 2020) . - p.2202-2215 Mots-clés : adolescence  autism  development  female  puberty Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by impaired social communication and poor adaptation to change; thus, the onset of puberty may be a pivotal transition. This cross-sectional study measured pubertal timing to examine hypothesized differences for sex (female vs. male) and group (ASD vs. typical development [TD]). Participants included 239 children (137 ASD, 102 TD) between 10 and 13?years. The ASD group included 35 females and 102 males; the TDs included 44 females and 58 males. Pubertal onset measured by genital or pubic stage was investigated with linear regression using main effects of sex and age-by-sex interactions in TD and ASD groups and main effects of diagnosis and diagnosis-by-age interactions in males and females, controlling for body mass index, socioeconomic status, and race. In TD, examination of main effects for genital (penis/breast) stage showed no difference for male and female children (t = 1.33, P = 0.187, rdf = 92); however, there were significant differences in ASD (t = 2.70, P = 0.008, rdf = 121). For diagnosis modeled separately by sex, there was significantly earlier pubertal development in females with ASD (t = 1.97, P = 0.053, rdf = 70, but not males (t = 1.329, P = 0.186, rdf = 143). In addition, analysis of menses revealed females with ASD had significantly earlier onset than TD (t = -2.56, P = 0.018, rdf = 21). Examination of pubic stage revealed expected sex differences for TD (t = 2,674, P = 0.009, rdf = 91) and ASD (t = 3.482, P = 0.001, rdf = 121). Females with ASD evidence advanced pubertal onset relative to ASD males and TD females. Findings underscore the need for enhanced understanding of pubertal development in ASD, as differences may have significant psychological, social, physiological, and developmental consequences. LAY SUMMARY: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have difficulty with social communication and respond poorly to change, which may include the onset and course of puberty. The study measured the timing of puberty in 239 children (137 ASD and 102 typical development [TD]) between 10 and 13?years based on pubertal stage of genital (breast/penis) and pubic hair development. Females with ASD evidence advanced pubertal onset relative to ASD males and TD females. Findings underscore the need for an enhanced understanding of pubertal development in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2406 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=434

Maternal Vitamin D Levels During Pregnancy in Association With Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) or Intellectual Disability (ID) in Offspring; Exploring Non-linear Patterns and Demographic Sub-groups / Gayle C. WINDHAM in Autism Research, 13-12 (December 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-12 (December 2020) . - p.2216-2229 Titre : Maternal Vitamin D Levels During Pregnancy in Association With Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) or Intellectual Disability (ID) in Offspring; Exploring Non-linear Patterns and Demographic Sub-groups Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Gayle C. WINDHAM, Auteur ; Michelle PEARL, Auteur ; Victor POON, Auteur ; Kimberly BERGER, Auteur ; Jasmine W. SORIANO, Auteur ; Darryl EYLES, Auteur ; Kristen LYALL, Auteur ; Martin KHARRAZI, Auteur ; Lisa A. CROEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2216-2229 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : 25(oh)d  Asd  autism  hydroxy-vitamin D  intellectual disability  race/ethnic differences  sex differences  vitamin D Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Increasing vitamin D deficiency and evidence for vitamin D's role in brain and immune function have recently led to studies of neurodevelopment; however, few are specific to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and vitamin D in pregnancy, a likely susceptibility period. We examined this in a case-control study of 2000-2003 Southern Californian births; ASD and intellectual disability (ID) were identified through the Department of Developmental Services and controls from birth certificates (N =?534, 181, and 421, respectively, in this analysis). Total 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured in mid-pregnancy serum, categorized as deficient (<50?nmol/L), insufficient (50-74?nmol/L), or sufficient (?75?nmol/L, referent category), and examined continuously (per 25?nmol/L). Crude and adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. Non-linearity was examined with cubic splines. AORs (95% CI) for ASD were 0.79 (0.49-1.3) for maternal deficiency (9.5%), 0.93 (0.68-1.3) for insufficiency (25.6%), and 0.95 (0.86, 1.05) for linear continuous 25(OH)D. Results were similarly null for ASD with or without ID, and ID only. Interactions were observed; non-Hispanic whites (NHW) (AOR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.69-0.98) and males (AOR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.80-0.99) had protective associations for ASD with continuous 25(OH)D. A positive association with ASD was observed in females (AOR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.06-1.85). With splines, a non-linear inverted j-shaped pattern was seen overall (P =?0.009 for non-linearity), with the peak around 100?nmol/L; a non-linear pattern was not observed among NHW, females, nor for ID. Our findings from a large study of ASD and prenatal vitamin D levels indicate that further research is needed to investigate non-linear patterns and potentially vulnerable sub-groups. LAY SUMMARY: We studied whether mothers' vitamin D levels during pregnancy were related to their children having autism (or low IQ) later. Low vitamin D levels were not related to greater risk of autism or low IQ in children overall. With higher levels of mothers' vitamin D, risk of autism went down in boys, but went up in girls. Risk of autism also went down in children of non-Hispanic white mothers with higher vitamin D levels, but we did not find a relation in other race/ethnic groups. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2424 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=434 [article] Maternal Vitamin D Levels During Pregnancy in Association With Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) or Intellectual Disability (ID) in Offspring; Exploring Non-linear Patterns and Demographic Sub-groups [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Gayle C. WINDHAM, Auteur ; Michelle PEARL, Auteur ; Victor POON, Auteur ; Kimberly BERGER, Auteur ; Jasmine W. SORIANO, Auteur ; Darryl EYLES, Auteur ; Kristen LYALL, Auteur ; Martin KHARRAZI, Auteur ; Lisa A. CROEN, Auteur . - p.2216-2229. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-12 (December 2020) . - p.2216-2229 Mots-clés : 25(oh)d  Asd  autism  hydroxy-vitamin D  intellectual disability  race/ethnic differences  sex differences  vitamin D Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Increasing vitamin D deficiency and evidence for vitamin D's role in brain and immune function have recently led to studies of neurodevelopment; however, few are specific to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and vitamin D in pregnancy, a likely susceptibility period. We examined this in a case-control study of 2000-2003 Southern Californian births; ASD and intellectual disability (ID) were identified through the Department of Developmental Services and controls from birth certificates (N =?534, 181, and 421, respectively, in this analysis). Total 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured in mid-pregnancy serum, categorized as deficient (<50?nmol/L), insufficient (50-74?nmol/L), or sufficient (?75?nmol/L, referent category), and examined continuously (per 25?nmol/L). Crude and adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. Non-linearity was examined with cubic splines. AORs (95% CI) for ASD were 0.79 (0.49-1.3) for maternal deficiency (9.5%), 0.93 (0.68-1.3) for insufficiency (25.6%), and 0.95 (0.86, 1.05) for linear continuous 25(OH)D. Results were similarly null for ASD with or without ID, and ID only. Interactions were observed; non-Hispanic whites (NHW) (AOR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.69-0.98) and males (AOR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.80-0.99) had protective associations for ASD with continuous 25(OH)D. A positive association with ASD was observed in females (AOR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.06-1.85). With splines, a non-linear inverted j-shaped pattern was seen overall (P =?0.009 for non-linearity), with the peak around 100?nmol/L; a non-linear pattern was not observed among NHW, females, nor for ID. Our findings from a large study of ASD and prenatal vitamin D levels indicate that further research is needed to investigate non-linear patterns and potentially vulnerable sub-groups. LAY SUMMARY: We studied whether mothers' vitamin D levels during pregnancy were related to their children having autism (or low IQ) later. Low vitamin D levels were not related to greater risk of autism or low IQ in children overall. With higher levels of mothers' vitamin D, risk of autism went down in boys, but went up in girls. Risk of autism also went down in children of non-Hispanic white mothers with higher vitamin D levels, but we did not find a relation in other race/ethnic groups. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2424 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=434

Interaction between Maternal Immune Activation and Antibiotic Use during Pregnancy and Child Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder / Calliope HOLINGUE in Autism Research, 13-12 (December 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-12 (December 2020) . - p.2230-2241 Titre : Interaction between Maternal Immune Activation and Antibiotic Use during Pregnancy and Child Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Calliope HOLINGUE, Auteur ; Martha BRUCATO, Auteur ; Christine LADD-ACOSTA, Auteur ; Xiumei HONG, Auteur ; Heather E. VOLK, Auteur ; Noel T. MUELLER, Auteur ; Xiaobin WANG, Auteur ; M. Daniele FALLIN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2230-2241 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : anti-bacterial agents  autism spectrum disorder  environmental exposure  epidemiology  maternal exposure  minority health  risk factors Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Prenatal exposure to maternal immune activation (MIA) has been implicated as a risk factor for the development of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), though the conditions under which this elevated risk occurs are unclear. Animal literature demonstrates that antibiotic use, which affects the composition of the maternal gut microbiota, modifies the effect of MIA on neurodevelopmental outcomes in the offspring. The aim of this study was to assess whether antibiotic use during pregnancy modifies the association between MIA and subsequent risk of ASD, in a prospective birth cohort with 116 ASD cases and 860 typically developing (TD) child controls. There was no evidence of interaction between fever or genitourinary infection and antibiotic use on the odds of ASD in unadjusted or adjusted analyzes. However, we found evidence of an interaction between flu, specifically in second trimester, and antibiotic use at any point during pregnancy on the odds of ASD in the child. Among women who received an antibiotic during pregnancy, flu in trimester two was not associated with ASD (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.99 [0.43-2.28]). Among women who were not exposed to an antibiotic at any point during pregnancy, flu in second trimester was significantly associated with increased odds of ASD (aOR = 4.05 [1.14-14.38], P = .03), after adjustment for child sex, child birth year, maternal age, gestational age, C-section delivery, and low birthweight. These findings should be treated as hypothesis-generating and suggest that antibiotic use may modify the influence that MIA has on autism risk in the child. LAY SUMMARY: We looked at whether the association between activation of the immune system during pregnancy and risk of the child developing autism spectrum disorder (ASD) differed among women who did or did not take an antibiotic at any point during pregnancy. We examined 116 children with ASD and 860 without ASD and found that flu in second trimester was associated with increased ASD, but only among women who did not take an antibiotic during pregnancy. No other immune activation exposures seemed to interact with antibiotic use. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2411 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=434 [article] Interaction between Maternal Immune Activation and Antibiotic Use during Pregnancy and Child Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Calliope HOLINGUE, Auteur ; Martha BRUCATO, Auteur ; Christine LADD-ACOSTA, Auteur ; Xiumei HONG, Auteur ; Heather E. VOLK, Auteur ; Noel T. MUELLER, Auteur ; Xiaobin WANG, Auteur ; M. Daniele FALLIN, Auteur . - p.2230-2241. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-12 (December 2020) . - p.2230-2241 Mots-clés : anti-bacterial agents  autism spectrum disorder  environmental exposure  epidemiology  maternal exposure  minority health  risk factors Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Prenatal exposure to maternal immune activation (MIA) has been implicated as a risk factor for the development of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), though the conditions under which this elevated risk occurs are unclear. Animal literature demonstrates that antibiotic use, which affects the composition of the maternal gut microbiota, modifies the effect of MIA on neurodevelopmental outcomes in the offspring. The aim of this study was to assess whether antibiotic use during pregnancy modifies the association between MIA and subsequent risk of ASD, in a prospective birth cohort with 116 ASD cases and 860 typically developing (TD) child controls. There was no evidence of interaction between fever or genitourinary infection and antibiotic use on the odds of ASD in unadjusted or adjusted analyzes. However, we found evidence of an interaction between flu, specifically in second trimester, and antibiotic use at any point during pregnancy on the odds of ASD in the child. Among women who received an antibiotic during pregnancy, flu in trimester two was not associated with ASD (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.99 [0.43-2.28]). Among women who were not exposed to an antibiotic at any point during pregnancy, flu in second trimester was significantly associated with increased odds of ASD (aOR = 4.05 [1.14-14.38], P = .03), after adjustment for child sex, child birth year, maternal age, gestational age, C-section delivery, and low birthweight. These findings should be treated as hypothesis-generating and suggest that antibiotic use may modify the influence that MIA has on autism risk in the child. LAY SUMMARY: We looked at whether the association between activation of the immune system during pregnancy and risk of the child developing autism spectrum disorder (ASD) differed among women who did or did not take an antibiotic at any point during pregnancy. We examined 116 children with ASD and 860 without ASD and found that flu in second trimester was associated with increased ASD, but only among women who did not take an antibiotic during pregnancy. No other immune activation exposures seemed to interact with antibiotic use. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2411 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=434

The Familial Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder with and without Intellectual Disability / Sherlly XIE in Autism Research, 13-12 (December 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-12 (December 2020) . - p.2242-2250 Titre : The Familial Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder with and without Intellectual Disability Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sherlly XIE, Auteur ; Håkan KARLSSON, Auteur ; Christina DALMAN, Auteur ; Linnea WIDMAN, Auteur ; Dheeraj RAI, Auteur ; Renee M. GARDNER, Auteur ; Cecilia MAGNUSSON, Auteur ; Sven SANDIN, Auteur ; Loni P. TABB, Auteur ; Craig J. NEWSCHAFFER, Auteur ; Brian K. LEE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2242-2250 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  familial risk  family study  heritability  intellectual disability Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is highly heritable, yet how its familial risk and heritability may vary by cognitive ability is not well understood. In this population-based cohort study, we examined the familial risk and heritability of ASD with and without co-occurring intellectual disability (ID). We estimated odds ratios and heritability of ASD with ID (ASD+ID) and ASD without ID (ASD-ID) using register-based diagnosis data of 567,436 index persons born in 1984-2009 in Stockholm County, Sweden, and their parents, siblings, cousins, aunts, and uncles. The familial risk profile exhibited differences between ASD-ID and ASD+ID, most notably for index persons with affected parents. For example, for an index person who had at least one parent with ASD, the child's odds of ASD-ID and ASD+ID (95% confidence interval (CI)) increased by 16.2 (14.2-18.6) and 7.4 (5.5-10.0) folds, respectively. The more closely related a family member with ASD was, the greater the observed risk was of ASD in the index person, especially for ASD-ID. The broad-sense heritability (95% CI) for ASD?-?ID and ASD+ID were 64.6% (46.0-100.0%) and 33.4% (14.4-58.4%), respectively. Familial risk and heritability of ASD may vary by intellectual ability, which implies that risk factors between these ASD phenotypes may differ. Our findings from the heritability analysis and familial risk analysis suggest that ASD-ID may have a greater genetic basis than ASD+ID, although this should be verified in future studies. LAY SUMMARY: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is highly heritable, yet how its familial risk and heritability may vary by cognitive ability is not well-understood. In a population-based cohort study on families of 567,436 index persons using Swedish registers data, we found that the familial risk profile differed between ASD with and without intellectual disability. Our findings from the heritability analysis and familial risk analysis suggest that ASD-ID may have a greater genetic basis than ASD+ID, although this should be verified in future studies. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2417 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=434 [article] The Familial Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder with and without Intellectual Disability [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sherlly XIE, Auteur ; Håkan KARLSSON, Auteur ; Christina DALMAN, Auteur ; Linnea WIDMAN, Auteur ; Dheeraj RAI, Auteur ; Renee M. GARDNER, Auteur ; Cecilia MAGNUSSON, Auteur ; Sven SANDIN, Auteur ; Loni P. TABB, Auteur ; Craig J. NEWSCHAFFER, Auteur ; Brian K. LEE, Auteur . - p.2242-2250. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-12 (December 2020) . - p.2242-2250 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  familial risk  family study  heritability  intellectual disability Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is highly heritable, yet how its familial risk and heritability may vary by cognitive ability is not well understood. In this population-based cohort study, we examined the familial risk and heritability of ASD with and without co-occurring intellectual disability (ID). We estimated odds ratios and heritability of ASD with ID (ASD+ID) and ASD without ID (ASD-ID) using register-based diagnosis data of 567,436 index persons born in 1984-2009 in Stockholm County, Sweden, and their parents, siblings, cousins, aunts, and uncles. The familial risk profile exhibited differences between ASD-ID and ASD+ID, most notably for index persons with affected parents. For example, for an index person who had at least one parent with ASD, the child's odds of ASD-ID and ASD+ID (95% confidence interval (CI)) increased by 16.2 (14.2-18.6) and 7.4 (5.5-10.0) folds, respectively. The more closely related a family member with ASD was, the greater the observed risk was of ASD in the index person, especially for ASD-ID. The broad-sense heritability (95% CI) for ASD?-?ID and ASD+ID were 64.6% (46.0-100.0%) and 33.4% (14.4-58.4%), respectively. Familial risk and heritability of ASD may vary by intellectual ability, which implies that risk factors between these ASD phenotypes may differ. Our findings from the heritability analysis and familial risk analysis suggest that ASD-ID may have a greater genetic basis than ASD+ID, although this should be verified in future studies. LAY SUMMARY: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is highly heritable, yet how its familial risk and heritability may vary by cognitive ability is not well-understood. In a population-based cohort study on families of 567,436 index persons using Swedish registers data, we found that the familial risk profile differed between ASD with and without intellectual disability. Our findings from the heritability analysis and familial risk analysis suggest that ASD-ID may have a greater genetic basis than ASD+ID, although this should be verified in future studies. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2417 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=434