Dépouillements

Thank you to all our authors, reviewers and editors in 2025! / Sue FLETCHER-WATSON in Autism, 29-12 (December 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 29-12 (December 2025) . - p.2909-2910 Titre : Thank you to all our authors, reviewers and editors in 2025! Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Sue FLETCHER-WATSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2909-2910 Langues : Anglais (eng) En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613251389295 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=571 [article] Thank you to all our authors, reviewers and editors in 2025! [texte imprimé] / Sue FLETCHER-WATSON, Auteur . - p.2909-2910. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 29-12 (December 2025) . - p.2909-2910 En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613251389295 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=571

Examining the use of implementation science in autism intervention research: A scoping review / James D. LEE in Autism, 29-12 (December 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 29-12 (December 2025) . - p.2911-2926 Titre : Examining the use of implementation science in autism intervention research: A scoping review Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : James D. LEE, Auteur ; Adriana Kaori TEROL, Auteur ; Jessica E. TSCHIDA, Auteur ; Anamiguel POMALES-RAMOS, Auteur ; Scott MCEATHRON, Auteur ; Anna WALLISCH, Auteur ; Brian A. BOYD, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2911-2926 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism intervention  framework  implementation science  outcomes  strategies Résumé : Although the field of autism intervention has strived to identify evidence-based practices, translating these interventions into real-world settings remains a significant challenge. This gap particularly impacts marginalized communities, where access to and quality of services are often inferior. Implementation science addresses these gaps by promoting the adoption and integration of evidence-based practices in community-based settings, thereby helping reduce disparities. While various frameworks and strategies have emerged to guide the successful implementation of autism evidence-based practices, the application of implementation science within autism intervention research remains underexplored. To address this gap, we conducted this scoping review that included 13 studies to examine how implementation science is applied in autism intervention research delivered in community-based settings. Specifically, we aimed to (1) describe the characteristics of implementation-focused studies (e.g. study design, participant types, intervention contexts); (2) examine how implementation frameworks, strategies, and outcomes were used to guide and evaluate intervention efforts; and (3) analyze how studies align with phases of the autism-specific implementation framework developed by Boyd et al. (Autism). Most studies were conducted in school settings. Fidelity was the most frequently assessed implementation outcome, while acceptability, adoption, and appropriateness were also commonly measured. Nearly all studies focused on early-phase implementation (e.g. exploration, initial implementation), with limited attention to sustainment or scale-up. The findings offer a starting point for future research to better implement autism evidence-based practices in community settings.Lay Abstract This study looks at ways to improve how autism support programs are used in everyday community settings like schools and clinics. These programs are approaches that research has shown can help autistic individuals develop important skills, such as communication, social interaction, and managing behavior. Many of these are psychosocial programs, which means they focus on emotional, social, and behavioral support rather than medication or medical treatment. However, there is a challenge in implementing these interventions in real-world settings, especially in marginalized communities where services are often lacking or lower in quality. The field of implementation science helps bridge this gap by guiding and encouraging the use of evidence-based practices in community settings, aiming to reduce disparities. To better understand this, we did a scoping review that included 13 studies that used implementation science to support autism interventions. We looked at what types of strategies were used, how success was measured, and how well the programs fit into the communities where they were used. Most of the studies took place in schools and involved teachers, school staff, or caregivers of autistic children-altogether including data from 3488 participants. These studies tested different programs to improve outcomes of autistic individuals, such as social skills, communication, and behavior in schools. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613251351344 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=571 [article] Examining the use of implementation science in autism intervention research: A scoping review [texte imprimé] / James D. LEE, Auteur ; Adriana Kaori TEROL, Auteur ; Jessica E. TSCHIDA, Auteur ; Anamiguel POMALES-RAMOS, Auteur ; Scott MCEATHRON, Auteur ; Anna WALLISCH, Auteur ; Brian A. BOYD, Auteur . - p.2911-2926. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 29-12 (December 2025) . - p.2911-2926 Mots-clés : autism intervention  framework  implementation science  outcomes  strategies Résumé : Although the field of autism intervention has strived to identify evidence-based practices, translating these interventions into real-world settings remains a significant challenge. This gap particularly impacts marginalized communities, where access to and quality of services are often inferior. Implementation science addresses these gaps by promoting the adoption and integration of evidence-based practices in community-based settings, thereby helping reduce disparities. While various frameworks and strategies have emerged to guide the successful implementation of autism evidence-based practices, the application of implementation science within autism intervention research remains underexplored. To address this gap, we conducted this scoping review that included 13 studies to examine how implementation science is applied in autism intervention research delivered in community-based settings. Specifically, we aimed to (1) describe the characteristics of implementation-focused studies (e.g. study design, participant types, intervention contexts); (2) examine how implementation frameworks, strategies, and outcomes were used to guide and evaluate intervention efforts; and (3) analyze how studies align with phases of the autism-specific implementation framework developed by Boyd et al. (Autism). Most studies were conducted in school settings. Fidelity was the most frequently assessed implementation outcome, while acceptability, adoption, and appropriateness were also commonly measured. Nearly all studies focused on early-phase implementation (e.g. exploration, initial implementation), with limited attention to sustainment or scale-up. The findings offer a starting point for future research to better implement autism evidence-based practices in community settings.Lay Abstract This study looks at ways to improve how autism support programs are used in everyday community settings like schools and clinics. These programs are approaches that research has shown can help autistic individuals develop important skills, such as communication, social interaction, and managing behavior. Many of these are psychosocial programs, which means they focus on emotional, social, and behavioral support rather than medication or medical treatment. However, there is a challenge in implementing these interventions in real-world settings, especially in marginalized communities where services are often lacking or lower in quality. The field of implementation science helps bridge this gap by guiding and encouraging the use of evidence-based practices in community settings, aiming to reduce disparities. To better understand this, we did a scoping review that included 13 studies that used implementation science to support autism interventions. We looked at what types of strategies were used, how success was measured, and how well the programs fit into the communities where they were used. Most of the studies took place in schools and involved teachers, school staff, or caregivers of autistic children-altogether including data from 3488 participants. These studies tested different programs to improve outcomes of autistic individuals, such as social skills, communication, and behavior in schools. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613251351344 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=571

What are we targeting when we support inclusive education for autistic students? A systematic review of 233 empirical studies and call for community partnerships / Valentine PERRELET in Autism, 29-12 (December 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 29-12 (December 2025) . - p.2927-2940 Titre : What are we targeting when we support inclusive education for autistic students? A systematic review of 233 empirical studies and call for community partnerships Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Valentine PERRELET, Auteur ; Aline VEYRE, Auteur ; Léa CHAWKI, Auteur ; Claire MARGOT, Auteur ; Emilie CAPPE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2927-2940 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum condition  empirical studies  inclusion  inclusive education  systematic review Résumé : Interventions to support mainstream schooling for autistic students involve multiple complex considerations. This systematic review, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses standards, aimed to describe inclusive education interventions, their outcomes, and the tools used to measure the outcomes. A total of 233 experimental studies were included in the review. Subsequent result interpretation was performed using a participatory approach. To this end, a group of consultants comprising lived experience experts participated in two consultation sessions. Most studies were randomized controlled trials, single-case experimental design studies, or other quasi-experimental design studies. The social interactions and social skills of autistic students were the most frequently targeted outcomes. Cognitive-behavioral interventions were the predominant intervention type. A wide, heterogeneous set of standardized instruments was used to measure outcomes, indicating a lack of consensus on how to measure school inclusion and participation. The most used measurement tools assessed core autism symptoms, intelligence quotient, and adaptive behaviors. Approximately half of the studies failed to measure implementation considerations. Participatory interpretation of the results through consultation sessions with lived experience experts enabled the highlighting of interactive processes and considerations involved in inclusive education.Lay abstract Multiple complex considerations are involved in supporting mainstream schooling for autistic students. This systematic review aimed to describe inclusive education interventions and outcome measures for autistic students. A total of 233 experimental studies were analyzed. Furthermore, consultation sessions with autistic people, parents, and inclusive education professionals were organized to enable in-depth interpretation of the results using a participatory approach. Cognitive-behavioral interventions were the most common intervention type in the international scientific literature, and social interactions of autistic children were the most frequently targeted outcomes. A lack of consensus on how to measure school inclusion and participation was found. Although some studies considered perspectives on the acceptability of interventions, most of them failed to evaluate implementation aspects. The lived experience experts highlighted tensions between the systematic review findings and the practical realities of inclusive education; this led to discussions about the possible application of the United Nations' definition of inclusion. Overall, empirical research supporting the inclusion of autistic students aligns more closely with the concept of integration, which requires students to adapt to the school context. The focus of inclusion has been shifting from minimizing the unique traits of students with special needs to adapting the environment for them to take a greater part in school activities. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613251352223 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=571 [article] What are we targeting when we support inclusive education for autistic students? A systematic review of 233 empirical studies and call for community partnerships [texte imprimé] / Valentine PERRELET, Auteur ; Aline VEYRE, Auteur ; Léa CHAWKI, Auteur ; Claire MARGOT, Auteur ; Emilie CAPPE, Auteur . - p.2927-2940. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 29-12 (December 2025) . - p.2927-2940 Mots-clés : autism spectrum condition  empirical studies  inclusion  inclusive education  systematic review Résumé : Interventions to support mainstream schooling for autistic students involve multiple complex considerations. This systematic review, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses standards, aimed to describe inclusive education interventions, their outcomes, and the tools used to measure the outcomes. A total of 233 experimental studies were included in the review. Subsequent result interpretation was performed using a participatory approach. To this end, a group of consultants comprising lived experience experts participated in two consultation sessions. Most studies were randomized controlled trials, single-case experimental design studies, or other quasi-experimental design studies. The social interactions and social skills of autistic students were the most frequently targeted outcomes. Cognitive-behavioral interventions were the predominant intervention type. A wide, heterogeneous set of standardized instruments was used to measure outcomes, indicating a lack of consensus on how to measure school inclusion and participation. The most used measurement tools assessed core autism symptoms, intelligence quotient, and adaptive behaviors. Approximately half of the studies failed to measure implementation considerations. Participatory interpretation of the results through consultation sessions with lived experience experts enabled the highlighting of interactive processes and considerations involved in inclusive education.Lay abstract Multiple complex considerations are involved in supporting mainstream schooling for autistic students. This systematic review aimed to describe inclusive education interventions and outcome measures for autistic students. A total of 233 experimental studies were analyzed. Furthermore, consultation sessions with autistic people, parents, and inclusive education professionals were organized to enable in-depth interpretation of the results using a participatory approach. Cognitive-behavioral interventions were the most common intervention type in the international scientific literature, and social interactions of autistic children were the most frequently targeted outcomes. A lack of consensus on how to measure school inclusion and participation was found. Although some studies considered perspectives on the acceptability of interventions, most of them failed to evaluate implementation aspects. The lived experience experts highlighted tensions between the systematic review findings and the practical realities of inclusive education; this led to discussions about the possible application of the United Nations' definition of inclusion. Overall, empirical research supporting the inclusion of autistic students aligns more closely with the concept of integration, which requires students to adapt to the school context. The focus of inclusion has been shifting from minimizing the unique traits of students with special needs to adapting the environment for them to take a greater part in school activities. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613251352223 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=571

Outcomes of the World Health Organization’s Caregiver Skills Training Program for Eritrean and Ethiopian parents of autistic children in the United States / Sarah DABABNAH in Autism, 29-12 (December 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 29-12 (December 2025) . - p.2941-2954 Titre : Outcomes of the World Health Organization’s Caregiver Skills Training Program for Eritrean and Ethiopian parents of autistic children in the United States Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Sarah DABABNAH, Auteur ; Waganesh A. ZELEKE, Auteur ; Yoonzie CHUNG, Auteur ; Rachel ANTWI ADJEI, Auteur ; Pamela DIXON, Auteur ; Erica SALOMONE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2941-2954 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  Caregiver Skills Training  early intervention  Eritrea  Ethiopia  immigrants  parent-mediated autism intervention  telehealth  World Health Organization  neurodevelopmental conditions  developmental delays  developmental disabilities Résumé : Autism intervention research has not adequately addressed the needs of Black autistic children and their families, particularly those who are also immigrants to the United States. The World Health Organization designed Caregiver Skills Training (CST), a parent-mediated intervention intended to improve child social communication and behavior, to fill in the global gap of services for caregivers of young children with autism and other neurodevelopmental conditions. While CST has been implemented in Ethiopia, it has not been evaluated for Ethiopian and Eritrean immigrant families in the United States. This single-arm pilot study of CST investigated pre- and post-intervention changes in parent and child outcomes within a sample of 25 mothers of autistic children (ages 2-9 years) in Maryland, Washington, DC, and Virginia. Eritrean and Ethiopian facilitators delivered CST remotely to five parent groups. We used Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and found statistically significant improvements in parents' knowledge, skills, self-efficacy, depression, and empowerment, as well as child communication, sociability, and sensory/cognitive awareness. There were no statistically significant changes in parents' anxiety, stress, and coping, nor some subscales of the empowerment and child outcome measures. We conclude CST is a promising intervention for Ethiopian and Eritrean immigrant families in the United States. Randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm study findings.Lay abstract Autism intervention research has often not included Black autistic children and families, including those who are also immigrants to the United States. The World Health Organization designed Caregiver Skills Training (CST) because there are not enough services for caregivers of young children with autism and other neurodevelopmental conditions. CST is an intervention in which parents receive information on how to support their own and their children’s needs in nine group and three individual sessions. While CST has been adapted and piloted in Ethiopia, it has not been evaluated for Ethiopian and Eritrean immigrant families in the United States. In this study, five groups with a total of 25 mothers of autistic children (ages 2-9 years) all received CST from Eritrean and Ethiopian facilitators on Zoom. The participants completed surveys about themselves and their autistic children before and after they completed CST. We found that parents' knowledge, skills, self-efficacy, depression, and empowerment, as well as their children’s communication, sociability, and sensory/cognitive awareness improved after they completed CST. We did not find changes in some areas we measured, such as parents' anxiety, stress, and coping. We believe that CST might be a promising intervention for Ethiopian and Eritrean immigrant families in the United States. We recommend that more research should be done to confirm what we found in this study. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613251351345 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=571 [article] Outcomes of the World Health Organization’s Caregiver Skills Training Program for Eritrean and Ethiopian parents of autistic children in the United States [texte imprimé] / Sarah DABABNAH, Auteur ; Waganesh A. ZELEKE, Auteur ; Yoonzie CHUNG, Auteur ; Rachel ANTWI ADJEI, Auteur ; Pamela DIXON, Auteur ; Erica SALOMONE, Auteur . - p.2941-2954. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 29-12 (December 2025) . - p.2941-2954 Mots-clés : autism  Caregiver Skills Training  early intervention  Eritrea  Ethiopia  immigrants  parent-mediated autism intervention  telehealth  World Health Organization  neurodevelopmental conditions  developmental delays  developmental disabilities Résumé : Autism intervention research has not adequately addressed the needs of Black autistic children and their families, particularly those who are also immigrants to the United States. The World Health Organization designed Caregiver Skills Training (CST), a parent-mediated intervention intended to improve child social communication and behavior, to fill in the global gap of services for caregivers of young children with autism and other neurodevelopmental conditions. While CST has been implemented in Ethiopia, it has not been evaluated for Ethiopian and Eritrean immigrant families in the United States. This single-arm pilot study of CST investigated pre- and post-intervention changes in parent and child outcomes within a sample of 25 mothers of autistic children (ages 2-9 years) in Maryland, Washington, DC, and Virginia. Eritrean and Ethiopian facilitators delivered CST remotely to five parent groups. We used Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and found statistically significant improvements in parents' knowledge, skills, self-efficacy, depression, and empowerment, as well as child communication, sociability, and sensory/cognitive awareness. There were no statistically significant changes in parents' anxiety, stress, and coping, nor some subscales of the empowerment and child outcome measures. We conclude CST is a promising intervention for Ethiopian and Eritrean immigrant families in the United States. Randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm study findings.Lay abstract Autism intervention research has often not included Black autistic children and families, including those who are also immigrants to the United States. The World Health Organization designed Caregiver Skills Training (CST) because there are not enough services for caregivers of young children with autism and other neurodevelopmental conditions. CST is an intervention in which parents receive information on how to support their own and their children’s needs in nine group and three individual sessions. While CST has been adapted and piloted in Ethiopia, it has not been evaluated for Ethiopian and Eritrean immigrant families in the United States. In this study, five groups with a total of 25 mothers of autistic children (ages 2-9 years) all received CST from Eritrean and Ethiopian facilitators on Zoom. The participants completed surveys about themselves and their autistic children before and after they completed CST. We found that parents' knowledge, skills, self-efficacy, depression, and empowerment, as well as their children’s communication, sociability, and sensory/cognitive awareness improved after they completed CST. We did not find changes in some areas we measured, such as parents' anxiety, stress, and coping. We believe that CST might be a promising intervention for Ethiopian and Eritrean immigrant families in the United States. We recommend that more research should be done to confirm what we found in this study. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613251351345 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=571

Psychometric evaluation of the Comprehensive Autistic Trait Inventory in autistic and non-autistic adults / Michael C.W. ENGLISH in Autism, 29-12 (December 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 29-12 (December 2025) . - p.2955-2974 Titre : Psychometric evaluation of the Comprehensive Autistic Trait Inventory in autistic and non-autistic adults Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Michael C.W. ENGLISH, Auteur ; Rebecca E. POULSEN, Auteur ; Murray T. MAYBERY, Auteur ; David MCALPINE, Auteur ; Paul F. SOWMAN, Auteur ; Elizabeth PELLICANO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2955-2974 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autistic traits  factor analysis  measurement  psychometric analysis  screening Résumé : Measures of autistic traits are only useful - for pre-diagnostic screening, exploring individual differences, and gaining personal insight - if they efficiently and accurately assess autism as currently conceptualised while maintaining psychometric validity across different demographic groups. We recruited 1322 autistic and 1279 non-autistic adults who varied in autism status (non-autistic, diagnosed autistic, self-identifying autistic) and gender (cisgender men, cisgender women, gender diverse) to assess the psychometric properties of the Comprehensive Autistic Trait Inventory, a recently developed measure of autistic traits that examines six trait domains using 42 self-report statements. Factor fit for the six subscales was appropriate, as was total-scale and subscale reliability. Importantly, measurement invariance was demonstrated based on both autism status and gender, indicating that Comprehensive Autistic Trait Inventory scores of these group members can be directly compared. Autistic traits were highly similar between diagnosed and self-identifying autistic adults, while gender-diverse participants showed more autistic traits than their cisgender counterparts. A total-scale discrimination threshold of 147.5 calculated was suggested which corresponded to sensitivity and specificity of 77.20 and 87.41, respectively. Our analysis indicates that the Comprehensive Autistic Trait Inventory is a practical measure of autistic traits in non-autistic and autistic participants that is useful for researchers and clinicians and for affirming self-identity.Lay abstract The Comprehensive Autistic Trait Inventory (CATI) is a free questionnaire designed to measure autistic traits in both autistic and non-autistic adults. The CATI includes 42 items focusing on six areas: Social Interactions, Communication, Social Camouflage, Self-Regulating Behaviours, Cognitive Flexibility, and Sensory Sensitivity. Here, we set out to determine whether the CATI can accurately measure autistic traits in both autistic (both diagnosed and self-identifying) and non-autistic people, as well as people of different genders. We also wanted to explore the extent to which trait scores differed between these groups of individuals. Our study recruited over 2600 participants, including 1322 autistic and 1279 non-autistic adults. Our findings suggest that the CATI works the way it was designed to. It is a reliable and accurate tool for measuring autistic traits, can distinguish between autistic and non-autistic people, and appears appropriate for people of different genders. Notably, we found that people who self-identify as autistic have similar trait scores to those with a clinical diagnosis of autism and that gender-diverse people scored higher on autistic traits compared to cisgender people. Our data suggest that the CATI is a useful tool for measuring autistic traits in autistic and non-autistic people and for understanding the way that autistic people vary from one another. It should be helpful for researchers and clinicians, and support a public understanding of autism. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613251347740 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=571 [article] Psychometric evaluation of the Comprehensive Autistic Trait Inventory in autistic and non-autistic adults [texte imprimé] / Michael C.W. ENGLISH, Auteur ; Rebecca E. POULSEN, Auteur ; Murray T. MAYBERY, Auteur ; David MCALPINE, Auteur ; Paul F. SOWMAN, Auteur ; Elizabeth PELLICANO, Auteur . - p.2955-2974. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 29-12 (December 2025) . - p.2955-2974 Mots-clés : autistic traits  factor analysis  measurement  psychometric analysis  screening Résumé : Measures of autistic traits are only useful - for pre-diagnostic screening, exploring individual differences, and gaining personal insight - if they efficiently and accurately assess autism as currently conceptualised while maintaining psychometric validity across different demographic groups. We recruited 1322 autistic and 1279 non-autistic adults who varied in autism status (non-autistic, diagnosed autistic, self-identifying autistic) and gender (cisgender men, cisgender women, gender diverse) to assess the psychometric properties of the Comprehensive Autistic Trait Inventory, a recently developed measure of autistic traits that examines six trait domains using 42 self-report statements. Factor fit for the six subscales was appropriate, as was total-scale and subscale reliability. Importantly, measurement invariance was demonstrated based on both autism status and gender, indicating that Comprehensive Autistic Trait Inventory scores of these group members can be directly compared. Autistic traits were highly similar between diagnosed and self-identifying autistic adults, while gender-diverse participants showed more autistic traits than their cisgender counterparts. A total-scale discrimination threshold of 147.5 calculated was suggested which corresponded to sensitivity and specificity of 77.20 and 87.41, respectively. Our analysis indicates that the Comprehensive Autistic Trait Inventory is a practical measure of autistic traits in non-autistic and autistic participants that is useful for researchers and clinicians and for affirming self-identity.Lay abstract The Comprehensive Autistic Trait Inventory (CATI) is a free questionnaire designed to measure autistic traits in both autistic and non-autistic adults. The CATI includes 42 items focusing on six areas: Social Interactions, Communication, Social Camouflage, Self-Regulating Behaviours, Cognitive Flexibility, and Sensory Sensitivity. Here, we set out to determine whether the CATI can accurately measure autistic traits in both autistic (both diagnosed and self-identifying) and non-autistic people, as well as people of different genders. We also wanted to explore the extent to which trait scores differed between these groups of individuals. Our study recruited over 2600 participants, including 1322 autistic and 1279 non-autistic adults. Our findings suggest that the CATI works the way it was designed to. It is a reliable and accurate tool for measuring autistic traits, can distinguish between autistic and non-autistic people, and appears appropriate for people of different genders. Notably, we found that people who self-identify as autistic have similar trait scores to those with a clinical diagnosis of autism and that gender-diverse people scored higher on autistic traits compared to cisgender people. Our data suggest that the CATI is a useful tool for measuring autistic traits in autistic and non-autistic people and for understanding the way that autistic people vary from one another. It should be helpful for researchers and clinicians, and support a public understanding of autism. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613251347740 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=571

Development of a Goal Attainment Scale (GAS) outcome measure for clinical interventional studies in paediatric autism / Hannah STAUNTON in Autism, 29-12 (December 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 29-12 (December 2025) . - p.2975-2990 Titre : Development of a Goal Attainment Scale (GAS) outcome measure for clinical interventional studies in paediatric autism Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Hannah STAUNTON, Auteur ; Tammy MCIVER, Auteur ; Julian TILLMANN, Auteur ; Susanne CLINCH, Auteur ; Vivienne HANRAHAN, Auteur ; Bethany EWENS, Auteur ; Caroline AVERIUS, Auteur ; Alexandra I. BARSDORF, Auteur ; Aurélie BARANGER, Auteur ; Elizabeth BERRY KRAVIS, Auteur ; Tony CHARMAN, Auteur ; Haraldt NEERLAND, Auteur ; Alison T. SINGER, Auteur ; Pamela VENTOLA, Auteur ; Zackary JK WILLIAMS, Auteur ; Louise BARRETT, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2975-2990 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adolescents  autism  autism spectrum disorders  clinical study  GAS  Goal Attainment Scaling  outcome measure  personalised  qualitative research  school-age children Résumé : Existing clinical outcome assessments (COAs) have limitations in capturing treatment effects in autism for those who choose to enrol in clinical research. Some COAs include items that are not relevant or equally important to all autistic people; others are not sufficiently comprehensive. Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS), which measures individual experiences against personalised goals, has been proposed as a more individualised and change-sensitive approach to assess outcomes in clinical studies. We developed a novel GAS measure for use in paediatric autism studies based on qualitative interviews with autistic adolescents, parents and clinicians. Applying a methodologically robust approach, concept elicitation interviews (N = 40) were first conducted to understand and generate a bank of personalised goals, followed by cognitive debriefing interviews (N = 39) to provide feedback on a draft GAS manual. Twenty-five personalised goals were generated for core autistic characteristics (communication, socialisation, restrictive and repetitive behaviours), as well as associated characteristics and impacts. In debriefing interviews, adolescents and parents supported the use of personalised goals and clinicians recommended using such goals in clinical studies and practice. In conclusion, GAS measures may overcome some of the challenges with existing outcome measures and complement future outcome measurement strategies for clinical studies in paediatric autism.Lay Abstract Autistic children and adolescents and their parents support the use of personalised goals as a way of measuring the effects of new treatments for those who choose to enrol in clinical research. Health professionals also recommend using personalised goals in both their research and in treatment plans. Establishing personalised goals, a process known as Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS), means identifying goals according to the needs of the individual, as opposed to using standardised outcomes for all participants. Autism is a condition with many different characteristics and degrees of impact, and the tools commonly used to measure treatment effects, known as clinical outcome assessments (COAs), have limitations. Some COAs, for example, include outcomes that are not relevant to all autistic people; others do not include enough outcomes to represent the experience of all autistic people. GAS, which measures individual experiences against personalised goals, may be complementary to existing COAs to provide an individualised or tailor-made tool to evaluate outcomes as a result of an intervention. We developed a GAS measure for researchers/health professionals to use in studies with autistic children and adolescents. Our research was based on a total of 40 interviews with adolescents, parents and clinicians, asking open-ended questions about how children and adolescents experience autism in order to understand and create a bank of potential personalised goals. We then conducted 39 further interviews to ask them for their feedback on the first draft of the measure. In the end, we compiled a list of 25 personalised goals related to core and associated characteristics of autistic children and adolescents, including goals related to communication, socialisation, and restricted and repetitive behaviours. We hope that these findings will help to improve the measurement of meaningful outcomes for autistic children and adolescents in future studies. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613251349904 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=571 [article] Development of a Goal Attainment Scale (GAS) outcome measure for clinical interventional studies in paediatric autism [texte imprimé] / Hannah STAUNTON, Auteur ; Tammy MCIVER, Auteur ; Julian TILLMANN, Auteur ; Susanne CLINCH, Auteur ; Vivienne HANRAHAN, Auteur ; Bethany EWENS, Auteur ; Caroline AVERIUS, Auteur ; Alexandra I. BARSDORF, Auteur ; Aurélie BARANGER, Auteur ; Elizabeth BERRY KRAVIS, Auteur ; Tony CHARMAN, Auteur ; Haraldt NEERLAND, Auteur ; Alison T. SINGER, Auteur ; Pamela VENTOLA, Auteur ; Zackary JK WILLIAMS, Auteur ; Louise BARRETT, Auteur . - p.2975-2990. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 29-12 (December 2025) . - p.2975-2990 Mots-clés : adolescents  autism  autism spectrum disorders  clinical study  GAS  Goal Attainment Scaling  outcome measure  personalised  qualitative research  school-age children Résumé : Existing clinical outcome assessments (COAs) have limitations in capturing treatment effects in autism for those who choose to enrol in clinical research. Some COAs include items that are not relevant or equally important to all autistic people; others are not sufficiently comprehensive. Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS), which measures individual experiences against personalised goals, has been proposed as a more individualised and change-sensitive approach to assess outcomes in clinical studies. We developed a novel GAS measure for use in paediatric autism studies based on qualitative interviews with autistic adolescents, parents and clinicians. Applying a methodologically robust approach, concept elicitation interviews (N = 40) were first conducted to understand and generate a bank of personalised goals, followed by cognitive debriefing interviews (N = 39) to provide feedback on a draft GAS manual. Twenty-five personalised goals were generated for core autistic characteristics (communication, socialisation, restrictive and repetitive behaviours), as well as associated characteristics and impacts. In debriefing interviews, adolescents and parents supported the use of personalised goals and clinicians recommended using such goals in clinical studies and practice. In conclusion, GAS measures may overcome some of the challenges with existing outcome measures and complement future outcome measurement strategies for clinical studies in paediatric autism.Lay Abstract Autistic children and adolescents and their parents support the use of personalised goals as a way of measuring the effects of new treatments for those who choose to enrol in clinical research. Health professionals also recommend using personalised goals in both their research and in treatment plans. Establishing personalised goals, a process known as Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS), means identifying goals according to the needs of the individual, as opposed to using standardised outcomes for all participants. Autism is a condition with many different characteristics and degrees of impact, and the tools commonly used to measure treatment effects, known as clinical outcome assessments (COAs), have limitations. Some COAs, for example, include outcomes that are not relevant to all autistic people; others do not include enough outcomes to represent the experience of all autistic people. GAS, which measures individual experiences against personalised goals, may be complementary to existing COAs to provide an individualised or tailor-made tool to evaluate outcomes as a result of an intervention. We developed a GAS measure for researchers/health professionals to use in studies with autistic children and adolescents. Our research was based on a total of 40 interviews with adolescents, parents and clinicians, asking open-ended questions about how children and adolescents experience autism in order to understand and create a bank of potential personalised goals. We then conducted 39 further interviews to ask them for their feedback on the first draft of the measure. In the end, we compiled a list of 25 personalised goals related to core and associated characteristics of autistic children and adolescents, including goals related to communication, socialisation, and restricted and repetitive behaviours. We hope that these findings will help to improve the measurement of meaningful outcomes for autistic children and adolescents in future studies. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613251349904 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=571

How well can commonly used anxiety scales detect treatment outcomes in the context of autism? / Huilin CHEN in Autism, 29-12 (December 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 29-12 (December 2025) . - p.2991-3001 Titre : How well can commonly used anxiety scales detect treatment outcomes in the context of autism? Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Huilin CHEN, Auteur ; Jeffrey J. WOOD, Auteur ; Connor M. KERNS, Auteur ; Eric A. STORCH, Auteur ; Philip C. KENDALL, Auteur ; Gaia SCERIF, Auteur ; Cathy CRESWELL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2991-3001 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : anxiety  autism  measurements  treatment outcomes Résumé : Anxiety is one of the most prevalent mental health challenges in autistic children, yet there is limited evidence on effective tools to measure treatment outcomes. Previous research with non-autistic children has found that the Child Anxiety Impact Scale, Parent Version achieved good diagnostic accuracy when measuring treatment outcomes and performed better than a commonly used symptom measure. However, this has not been evaluated for autistic children. The present study examined the psychometric properties of the Child Anxiety Impact Scale, Parent Version in autistic children and compared its utility against other anxiety symptom measures, to detect treatment outcomes as assessed by a gold-standard diagnostic interview, the Anxiety and Related Disorders Interview Schedule, Child Version, Parent Interview with the Autism Spectrum Addendum. Data were used from 212 children (aged 7-13 years) who participated in a randomised controlled trial. Receiver-operating characteristic curve analyses were conducted, and subsequent subgroup analyses were conducted using DeLong tests. Results demonstrated that the Child Anxiety Impact Scale, Parent Version had strong psychometric properties, with total scores significantly outperforming other measures in predicting post-treatment recovery from anxiety diagnoses. These findings have implications for future choices of treatment outcome measures in research and clinical practice.Lay abstract Study on the utility of anxiety scales to detect anxiety diagnostic treatment outcomes in autistic childrenWhy was the study done? The importance of having valid and reliable anxiety measures for autistic children has been highlighted as a research priority by professionals and people with lived experience. Yet, while anxiety has been frequently assessed in autistic children, we do not currently know much about how well commonly used anxiety measures work, especially parent reports, in this context. This has significant implications for care planning and resource allocation for autistic children who experience significant anxiety problems.What did the researchers do? The research team studied data collected in a previously published multi-centred randomised controlled trial (RCT) testing an adapted cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety (Wood et al., 2020) to better understand how different anxiety measures did, compared to gold-standard anxiety diagnostic assessments, in detecting treatment outcomes. They focused in particular on the Child Anxiety Impact Scale, Parent Version (CAIS-P).What did the researchers find? This study found that the CAIS-P did better than conventional anxiety symptom measures in detecting treatment outcomes for anxiety problems in autistic children.What do the findings mean? This study adds to the current evidence base to inform choices of measurement of anxiety problems in the context of autism. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613251349929 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=571 [article] How well can commonly used anxiety scales detect treatment outcomes in the context of autism? [texte imprimé] / Huilin CHEN, Auteur ; Jeffrey J. WOOD, Auteur ; Connor M. KERNS, Auteur ; Eric A. STORCH, Auteur ; Philip C. KENDALL, Auteur ; Gaia SCERIF, Auteur ; Cathy CRESWELL, Auteur . - p.2991-3001. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 29-12 (December 2025) . - p.2991-3001 Mots-clés : anxiety  autism  measurements  treatment outcomes Résumé : Anxiety is one of the most prevalent mental health challenges in autistic children, yet there is limited evidence on effective tools to measure treatment outcomes. Previous research with non-autistic children has found that the Child Anxiety Impact Scale, Parent Version achieved good diagnostic accuracy when measuring treatment outcomes and performed better than a commonly used symptom measure. However, this has not been evaluated for autistic children. The present study examined the psychometric properties of the Child Anxiety Impact Scale, Parent Version in autistic children and compared its utility against other anxiety symptom measures, to detect treatment outcomes as assessed by a gold-standard diagnostic interview, the Anxiety and Related Disorders Interview Schedule, Child Version, Parent Interview with the Autism Spectrum Addendum. Data were used from 212 children (aged 7-13 years) who participated in a randomised controlled trial. Receiver-operating characteristic curve analyses were conducted, and subsequent subgroup analyses were conducted using DeLong tests. Results demonstrated that the Child Anxiety Impact Scale, Parent Version had strong psychometric properties, with total scores significantly outperforming other measures in predicting post-treatment recovery from anxiety diagnoses. These findings have implications for future choices of treatment outcome measures in research and clinical practice.Lay abstract Study on the utility of anxiety scales to detect anxiety diagnostic treatment outcomes in autistic childrenWhy was the study done? The importance of having valid and reliable anxiety measures for autistic children has been highlighted as a research priority by professionals and people with lived experience. Yet, while anxiety has been frequently assessed in autistic children, we do not currently know much about how well commonly used anxiety measures work, especially parent reports, in this context. This has significant implications for care planning and resource allocation for autistic children who experience significant anxiety problems.What did the researchers do? The research team studied data collected in a previously published multi-centred randomised controlled trial (RCT) testing an adapted cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety (Wood et al., 2020) to better understand how different anxiety measures did, compared to gold-standard anxiety diagnostic assessments, in detecting treatment outcomes. They focused in particular on the Child Anxiety Impact Scale, Parent Version (CAIS-P).What did the researchers find? This study found that the CAIS-P did better than conventional anxiety symptom measures in detecting treatment outcomes for anxiety problems in autistic children.What do the findings mean? This study adds to the current evidence base to inform choices of measurement of anxiety problems in the context of autism. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613251349929 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=571

Masking, social context and perceived stress in autistic adults: An ecological momentary assessment study / Anke M. SCHEEREN in Autism, 29-12 (December 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 29-12 (December 2025) . - p.3002-3013 Titre : Masking, social context and perceived stress in autistic adults: An ecological momentary assessment study Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Anke M. SCHEEREN, Auteur ; Smiddy NIEUWENHUIS, Auteur ; Laura CRANE, Auteur ; Yvette ROKE, Auteur ; Sander BEGEER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.3002-3013 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adults  autism  camouflaging  masking  stress Résumé : Masking may entail the suppression of autistic traits by autistic individuals. Thus far, research indicates a negative impact of autistic masking on mental health, but this is largely based on retrospective surveys. In this study, we used ecological momentary assessment to examine real-time associations between social context (i.e. presence of (non-)autistic others), masking, and perceived stress in everyday life among a sample of autistic adults. Ecological momentary assessment data were collected via a smartphone application for 87 autistic individuals (58 females; M age = 48; age range: 17-68). In line with the hypotheses, repeated measures analyses of variance and linear mixed models indicated that (1) participants reported masking significantly less when they were alone compared with when others were present, (2) participants masked significantly more when non-autistic others were present compared with autistic others, and (3) more masking was associated with a concurrent higher level of perceived stress. Autistic adults reported they could be more themselves among autistic peers and reduced masking was associated with reduced stress. These ecological momentary assessment study findings provide ecological validity to the potential stressful impact of masking in the daily lives of autistic adults.Lay abstract Autistic people may try to hide their autistic traits in order to fit in. This is called autistic masking. Survey research suggests that autistic masking may have a negative effect on the mental well-being of autistic people. Yet, survey research has limitations, because people may not remember or may not accurately report how much they masked and how they felt in the past. Therefore, in this study, we asked autistic adults to use a smartphone app to report with whom they were (with or without autistic people), if they could be themselves (degree of masking), and how stressed they felt during the past 4 h. Participants reported this information multiple times over a period of 28 days. In total, 87 autistic adults participated (58 females; age range: 17-68). In line with our expectations, (1) participants masked less when they were alone compared with when others were present, (2) participants masked more when non-autistic others were present compared with autistic others, and (3) more masking was linked with the experience of more stress in the same moment. Autistic adults reported they could be more themselves among other autistic individuals. Also, less masking was associated with less stress. Our study shows the everyday reality of stress during masking experienced by autistic adults. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613251353358 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=572 [article] Masking, social context and perceived stress in autistic adults: An ecological momentary assessment study [texte imprimé] / Anke M. SCHEEREN, Auteur ; Smiddy NIEUWENHUIS, Auteur ; Laura CRANE, Auteur ; Yvette ROKE, Auteur ; Sander BEGEER, Auteur . - p.3002-3013. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 29-12 (December 2025) . - p.3002-3013 Mots-clés : adults  autism  camouflaging  masking  stress Résumé : Masking may entail the suppression of autistic traits by autistic individuals. Thus far, research indicates a negative impact of autistic masking on mental health, but this is largely based on retrospective surveys. In this study, we used ecological momentary assessment to examine real-time associations between social context (i.e. presence of (non-)autistic others), masking, and perceived stress in everyday life among a sample of autistic adults. Ecological momentary assessment data were collected via a smartphone application for 87 autistic individuals (58 females; M age = 48; age range: 17-68). In line with the hypotheses, repeated measures analyses of variance and linear mixed models indicated that (1) participants reported masking significantly less when they were alone compared with when others were present, (2) participants masked significantly more when non-autistic others were present compared with autistic others, and (3) more masking was associated with a concurrent higher level of perceived stress. Autistic adults reported they could be more themselves among autistic peers and reduced masking was associated with reduced stress. These ecological momentary assessment study findings provide ecological validity to the potential stressful impact of masking in the daily lives of autistic adults.Lay abstract Autistic people may try to hide their autistic traits in order to fit in. This is called autistic masking. Survey research suggests that autistic masking may have a negative effect on the mental well-being of autistic people. Yet, survey research has limitations, because people may not remember or may not accurately report how much they masked and how they felt in the past. Therefore, in this study, we asked autistic adults to use a smartphone app to report with whom they were (with or without autistic people), if they could be themselves (degree of masking), and how stressed they felt during the past 4 h. Participants reported this information multiple times over a period of 28 days. In total, 87 autistic adults participated (58 females; age range: 17-68). In line with our expectations, (1) participants masked less when they were alone compared with when others were present, (2) participants masked more when non-autistic others were present compared with autistic others, and (3) more masking was linked with the experience of more stress in the same moment. Autistic adults reported they could be more themselves among other autistic individuals. Also, less masking was associated with less stress. Our study shows the everyday reality of stress during masking experienced by autistic adults. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613251353358 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=572

How do parents scaffold their autistic children’s bilingual language interactions in everyday settings? / Shana R. COHEN in Autism, 29-12 (December 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 29-12 (December 2025) . - p.3014-3031 Titre : How do parents scaffold their autistic children’s bilingual language interactions in everyday settings? Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Shana R. COHEN, Auteur ; Alison WISHARD GUERRA, Auteur ; María José ARAGÓN, Auteur ; Angeline ESTRADA, Auteur ; Eunsu LEE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.3014-3031 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : activity settings  autism spectrum disorders  bilingual autistic children  communication and language  decontextualized language  environmental factors  multilingual autistic children Résumé : This study examines how multilingual caregivers use their linguistic resources to support their autistic children’s language development, challenging historical narratives recommending therapists use only one language, English. Using a critical language socialization framework in which multilingualism is considered a practice that transcends linguistic competence, we analyzed 108 videos from five Spanish-dominant, Mexican heritage families. Findings showed that (1) families flexibly used their linguistic resources in daily interactions; (2) home activity settings predicted language use in distinct ways, transportation activities provided fewer constraints for interlocutors to use decontextualized language, language for abstract reasoning and prediction; and (3) variability in maternal scaffolding strategies influenced children’s decontextualized language. We recommend the implementation of asset-based interventions designed to leverage the strengths of multilingual autistic children and their families.Lay Abstract Mexican heritage bilingual mothers of autistic children use a variety of language practices when talking with their children. We asked mothers to video record their language interactions with their autistic child over 10 days. Specifically, we analyzed the verbal language practices parents and children used during daily routine activities (e.g. meals). Historically, therapists have recommended that multilingual families only use English when talking with their autistic children, so as not to confuse them and interfere with their development. It is important to understand how multilingual parents use this non-empirical advice. In our sample, we found that mothers used a variety of language strategies including Spanish, English, describing and labeling their environment, action directions (directing a child to perform an action), close-ended questions (e.g. what color is this?), open-ended questions (e.g. How does the radio work?), and abstract reasoning to interact with their children. These strategies varied across activity settings. In particular, transportation was an important setting for children to use abstract language. Mothers' verbal strategies influenced children’s language output, including children’s use of abstract reasoning and prediction, one of the most complex language strategies. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613251355259 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=572 [article] How do parents scaffold their autistic children’s bilingual language interactions in everyday settings? [texte imprimé] / Shana R. COHEN, Auteur ; Alison WISHARD GUERRA, Auteur ; María José ARAGÓN, Auteur ; Angeline ESTRADA, Auteur ; Eunsu LEE, Auteur . - p.3014-3031. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 29-12 (December 2025) . - p.3014-3031 Mots-clés : activity settings  autism spectrum disorders  bilingual autistic children  communication and language  decontextualized language  environmental factors  multilingual autistic children Résumé : This study examines how multilingual caregivers use their linguistic resources to support their autistic children’s language development, challenging historical narratives recommending therapists use only one language, English. Using a critical language socialization framework in which multilingualism is considered a practice that transcends linguistic competence, we analyzed 108 videos from five Spanish-dominant, Mexican heritage families. Findings showed that (1) families flexibly used their linguistic resources in daily interactions; (2) home activity settings predicted language use in distinct ways, transportation activities provided fewer constraints for interlocutors to use decontextualized language, language for abstract reasoning and prediction; and (3) variability in maternal scaffolding strategies influenced children’s decontextualized language. We recommend the implementation of asset-based interventions designed to leverage the strengths of multilingual autistic children and their families.Lay Abstract Mexican heritage bilingual mothers of autistic children use a variety of language practices when talking with their children. We asked mothers to video record their language interactions with their autistic child over 10 days. Specifically, we analyzed the verbal language practices parents and children used during daily routine activities (e.g. meals). Historically, therapists have recommended that multilingual families only use English when talking with their autistic children, so as not to confuse them and interfere with their development. It is important to understand how multilingual parents use this non-empirical advice. In our sample, we found that mothers used a variety of language strategies including Spanish, English, describing and labeling their environment, action directions (directing a child to perform an action), close-ended questions (e.g. what color is this?), open-ended questions (e.g. How does the radio work?), and abstract reasoning to interact with their children. These strategies varied across activity settings. In particular, transportation was an important setting for children to use abstract language. Mothers' verbal strategies influenced children’s language output, including children’s use of abstract reasoning and prediction, one of the most complex language strategies. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613251355259 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=572

Sensory subtypes of children on the autism spectrum in Japan: Characteristics of participation and family functioning / Takuto NAKAMURA in Autism, 29-12 (December 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 29-12 (December 2025) . - p.3032-3046 Titre : Sensory subtypes of children on the autism spectrum in Japan: Characteristics of participation and family functioning Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Takuto NAKAMURA, Auteur ; Reika DOBASHI, Auteur ; Haruka NODA, Auteur ; Kohei IKEDA, Auteur ; Hirofumi NAGAYAMA, Auteur ; Satoshi SASADA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.3032-3046 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  family functioning  individualized support  participation  preschool children  sensory subtypes Résumé : This study aimed to identify sensory subtypes in preschool children on the autism spectrum in Japan and examine their associations with participation and family functioning. A total of 264 caregivers of preschool children aged 3-6 years on the autism spectrum participated in the study. Data were collected from 56 child development centers and medical institutions across Japan. Sensory features were assessed using the Japanese version of the Short Sensory Profile, and five sensory subtypes were identified: Taste/Smell Sensitive, Extremely Atypical, Mixed Sensory, Gravitational Insecurity and Motor Difficulty, and Adaptive. These subtypes were associated with distinct participation restrictions, such as activities of daily living (ADL)-related challenges in the Mixed Sensory group, leisure-related difficulties in the Taste/Smell Sensitive group, and limitations across all domains in the Extremely Atypical group. Significant differences in family functioning were also observed in domains related to interaction with the external environment of the family, with the Extremely Atypical group showing support needs. These findings underscore the importance of developing tailored intervention strategies for each sensory subtype.Lay abstract This study examined the impact of differences in sensory processing on the daily lives of preschool children with autism spectrum disorder in Japan, as well as how these differences influence their families. Caregivers of children aged 3-6 years from 56 centers and medical institutions took part in the study. Through a questionnaire, we identified five sensory types among the children: those sensitive to taste and smell, those with highly unusual sensory responses, those with a mix of sensory challenges, those struggling with balance and movement, and those with more adaptive sensory responses. Each sensory type encountered specific challenges in daily activities. For example, children with mixed sensory challenges had difficulties with basic tasks such as eating or dressing, while those sensitive to taste and smell faced challenges in leisure activities. Children with highly unusual sensory responses experienced difficulties in all areas of daily life. These challenges also impacted family dynamics, especially in how families engaged with their surroundings. Families of children with highly unusual sensory responses often required additional support. Our findings emphasize the necessity for personalized support and intervention strategies tailored to each child’s unique sensory subtype, which can enhance their participation in daily activities and promote their family’s well-being. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613251357835 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=572 [article] Sensory subtypes of children on the autism spectrum in Japan: Characteristics of participation and family functioning [texte imprimé] / Takuto NAKAMURA, Auteur ; Reika DOBASHI, Auteur ; Haruka NODA, Auteur ; Kohei IKEDA, Auteur ; Hirofumi NAGAYAMA, Auteur ; Satoshi SASADA, Auteur . - p.3032-3046. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 29-12 (December 2025) . - p.3032-3046 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  family functioning  individualized support  participation  preschool children  sensory subtypes Résumé : This study aimed to identify sensory subtypes in preschool children on the autism spectrum in Japan and examine their associations with participation and family functioning. A total of 264 caregivers of preschool children aged 3-6 years on the autism spectrum participated in the study. Data were collected from 56 child development centers and medical institutions across Japan. Sensory features were assessed using the Japanese version of the Short Sensory Profile, and five sensory subtypes were identified: Taste/Smell Sensitive, Extremely Atypical, Mixed Sensory, Gravitational Insecurity and Motor Difficulty, and Adaptive. These subtypes were associated with distinct participation restrictions, such as activities of daily living (ADL)-related challenges in the Mixed Sensory group, leisure-related difficulties in the Taste/Smell Sensitive group, and limitations across all domains in the Extremely Atypical group. Significant differences in family functioning were also observed in domains related to interaction with the external environment of the family, with the Extremely Atypical group showing support needs. These findings underscore the importance of developing tailored intervention strategies for each sensory subtype.Lay abstract This study examined the impact of differences in sensory processing on the daily lives of preschool children with autism spectrum disorder in Japan, as well as how these differences influence their families. Caregivers of children aged 3-6 years from 56 centers and medical institutions took part in the study. Through a questionnaire, we identified five sensory types among the children: those sensitive to taste and smell, those with highly unusual sensory responses, those with a mix of sensory challenges, those struggling with balance and movement, and those with more adaptive sensory responses. Each sensory type encountered specific challenges in daily activities. For example, children with mixed sensory challenges had difficulties with basic tasks such as eating or dressing, while those sensitive to taste and smell faced challenges in leisure activities. Children with highly unusual sensory responses experienced difficulties in all areas of daily life. These challenges also impacted family dynamics, especially in how families engaged with their surroundings. Families of children with highly unusual sensory responses often required additional support. Our findings emphasize the necessity for personalized support and intervention strategies tailored to each child’s unique sensory subtype, which can enhance their participation in daily activities and promote their family’s well-being. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613251357835 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=572

Navigating family messaging: Qualitative experiences of Black caregivers of children with autism / Dalia MARQUEZ in Autism, 29-12 (December 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 29-12 (December 2025) . - p.3047-3057 Titre : Navigating family messaging: Qualitative experiences of Black caregivers of children with autism Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Dalia MARQUEZ, Auteur ; Kattia MATA, Auteur ; Felicia WILLIAMS BROWN, Auteur ; Mary E. GREWE, Auteur ; Joseph PIVEN, Auteur ; Kelly E. CARAVELLA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.3047-3057 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  Black families  caregivers  family messaging Résumé : Black caregivers of children with autism express that there are gaps in both knowledge and acceptance of disabilities within their communities. This lack of information and resources provided to Black communities can lead to tensions within families regarding autism diagnoses and how to support individuals with autism in their families. As part of a larger qualitative study, 23 Black caregivers of children with autism shared their experiences with the messages received from family members about their child’s autism diagnosis. Two overarching themes emerged regarding family messaging: Lack of Understanding and Denial of Autism and Supportive Acceptance and Inclusion. Six subthemes were identified that highlight the nuance within the messaging content. These findings can inform strategies to develop culturally tailored interventions to support Black caregivers in navigating the range of messages received from family members when their child receives a diagnosis of autism. Further research should build on these findings to investigate how directly this family messaging links to broader messaging in Black culture regarding autism, as well as how both family and cultural messaging may interact with factors such as awareness or use of autism resources, attitudes toward research, and long-term social and behavioral outcomes for Black children with autism.Lay abstract Black caregivers of children with autism say there are gaps in knowledge and acceptance of disabilities in their communities. This lack of information and resources can cause tensions in families about autism diagnoses and how to support their children. This study talked to 23 Black caregivers to learn about their experiences with the messages they received about their child’s autism diagnosis from family members. We found two main themes: Lack of Understanding and Denial of Autism, and Supportive Acceptance and Inclusion. Within these themes, parents shared different experiences, like family members denying autism exists, not wanting to learn about it, or being very supportive and inclusive. Black caregivers also talked about the emotional toll the negative messages take on them. This work is important because it can help create culturally tailored support for Black caregivers of children with autism, so that they can engage with family members in more supportive ways. Future research should look at how these messages affect the use of autism resources, attitudes toward research, and long-term outcomes for Black children with autism. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613251361604 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=572 [article] Navigating family messaging: Qualitative experiences of Black caregivers of children with autism [texte imprimé] / Dalia MARQUEZ, Auteur ; Kattia MATA, Auteur ; Felicia WILLIAMS BROWN, Auteur ; Mary E. GREWE, Auteur ; Joseph PIVEN, Auteur ; Kelly E. CARAVELLA, Auteur . - p.3047-3057. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 29-12 (December 2025) . - p.3047-3057 Mots-clés : autism  Black families  caregivers  family messaging Résumé : Black caregivers of children with autism express that there are gaps in both knowledge and acceptance of disabilities within their communities. This lack of information and resources provided to Black communities can lead to tensions within families regarding autism diagnoses and how to support individuals with autism in their families. As part of a larger qualitative study, 23 Black caregivers of children with autism shared their experiences with the messages received from family members about their child’s autism diagnosis. Two overarching themes emerged regarding family messaging: Lack of Understanding and Denial of Autism and Supportive Acceptance and Inclusion. Six subthemes were identified that highlight the nuance within the messaging content. These findings can inform strategies to develop culturally tailored interventions to support Black caregivers in navigating the range of messages received from family members when their child receives a diagnosis of autism. Further research should build on these findings to investigate how directly this family messaging links to broader messaging in Black culture regarding autism, as well as how both family and cultural messaging may interact with factors such as awareness or use of autism resources, attitudes toward research, and long-term social and behavioral outcomes for Black children with autism.Lay abstract Black caregivers of children with autism say there are gaps in knowledge and acceptance of disabilities in their communities. This lack of information and resources can cause tensions in families about autism diagnoses and how to support their children. This study talked to 23 Black caregivers to learn about their experiences with the messages they received about their child’s autism diagnosis from family members. We found two main themes: Lack of Understanding and Denial of Autism, and Supportive Acceptance and Inclusion. Within these themes, parents shared different experiences, like family members denying autism exists, not wanting to learn about it, or being very supportive and inclusive. Black caregivers also talked about the emotional toll the negative messages take on them. This work is important because it can help create culturally tailored support for Black caregivers of children with autism, so that they can engage with family members in more supportive ways. Future research should look at how these messages affect the use of autism resources, attitudes toward research, and long-term outcomes for Black children with autism. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613251361604 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=572

Perspectives and experiences of physical activity among autistic adults in middle adulthood / James MCLEOD in Autism, 29-12 (December 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 29-12 (December 2025) . - p.3058-3071 Titre : Perspectives and experiences of physical activity among autistic adults in middle adulthood Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : James MCLEOD, Auteur ; Martin RODERICK, Auteur ; Mary HANLEY, Auteur ; Deborah M. RIBY, Auteur ; Patrick JACHYRA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.3058-3071 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autistic adults  neurodivergent-informed physical activity  neuro-normative assumptions  physical activity  qualitative research  trauma-informed approach Résumé : Physical activity (PA) participation among autistic adults is low; however, it is unclear why this is the case. To date, little research has included the perspectives of autistic adults during middle adulthood to understand how to support their PA and to understand the complexity of their daily lives. Seventeen autistic adults aged 36-59 years participated in two online, semi-structured interviews (N = 34). Reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyze the data, and the socio-ecological model was applied to interpret the themes. Reflexive notes (N = 34) made during the research process also were analyzed to support the rigour of the interpretations. Neuro-normative assumptions about autism and PA, the importance of trust and sensory sensitivities shaped PA participation for these autistic adults. The new concept of neuro-normative assumptions highlights how pervasive assumptions were damaging, made it difficult to build trust and decreased the predilection of PA participation. This article delivers original and significant knowledge and calls on the field to co-produce neurodivergent-informed PA practices that are reflective of the lives, needs and abilities of autistic adults. We conclude the article by highlighting how a trauma-informed approach may have potential value in building trust and supporting autistic adults in PA.Lay Abstract What is already known? Autistic adults experience barriers to participating in physical activity (PA), and their rates of participation are low. This is a problem because PA participation can contribute many health and well-being benefits. There is a need for research to better understand how to support their PA participation. Working directly with autistic adults is of utmost importance as minimal research has directly included their perspectives.What this article adds: Seventeen autistic adults from the United Kingdom participated in two online semi-structured interviews (N = 34). Interview data were accompanied by reflexive notes which were a way for the research team to provide preliminary analyses and think about the data during the research process (N = 34). Together, interview transcripts and memos were analyzed to generate themes across the interview transcripts. We used the socio-ecological model to examine the different components that impact PA participation. The study highlights how neuro-normative assumptions about PA, trust and sensory sensitivities shaped PA participation for autistic adults. A lack of understanding and knowledge among movement professionals about autism, their needs, interests and abilities and trust significantly impacted participation. Assumptions and limited understandings about autism limited participation, as the forms of PA available often were not suitable to the diverse needs, interests and abilities of autistic adults.Implications for practice, research or policy: The insights highlight the importance of co-producing neurodivergent-informed PA practices that are reflective of the needs, strengths and abilities of autistic adults. Finally, we outline how the use of a trauma-informed approach to PA may be valuable in building trust and supporting PA participation. This is the first study to use this approach for PA with autistic adults. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613251360862 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=572 [article] Perspectives and experiences of physical activity among autistic adults in middle adulthood [texte imprimé] / James MCLEOD, Auteur ; Martin RODERICK, Auteur ; Mary HANLEY, Auteur ; Deborah M. RIBY, Auteur ; Patrick JACHYRA, Auteur . - p.3058-3071. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 29-12 (December 2025) . - p.3058-3071 Mots-clés : autistic adults  neurodivergent-informed physical activity  neuro-normative assumptions  physical activity  qualitative research  trauma-informed approach Résumé : Physical activity (PA) participation among autistic adults is low; however, it is unclear why this is the case. To date, little research has included the perspectives of autistic adults during middle adulthood to understand how to support their PA and to understand the complexity of their daily lives. Seventeen autistic adults aged 36-59 years participated in two online, semi-structured interviews (N = 34). Reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyze the data, and the socio-ecological model was applied to interpret the themes. Reflexive notes (N = 34) made during the research process also were analyzed to support the rigour of the interpretations. Neuro-normative assumptions about autism and PA, the importance of trust and sensory sensitivities shaped PA participation for these autistic adults. The new concept of neuro-normative assumptions highlights how pervasive assumptions were damaging, made it difficult to build trust and decreased the predilection of PA participation. This article delivers original and significant knowledge and calls on the field to co-produce neurodivergent-informed PA practices that are reflective of the lives, needs and abilities of autistic adults. We conclude the article by highlighting how a trauma-informed approach may have potential value in building trust and supporting autistic adults in PA.Lay Abstract What is already known? Autistic adults experience barriers to participating in physical activity (PA), and their rates of participation are low. This is a problem because PA participation can contribute many health and well-being benefits. There is a need for research to better understand how to support their PA participation. Working directly with autistic adults is of utmost importance as minimal research has directly included their perspectives.What this article adds: Seventeen autistic adults from the United Kingdom participated in two online semi-structured interviews (N = 34). Interview data were accompanied by reflexive notes which were a way for the research team to provide preliminary analyses and think about the data during the research process (N = 34). Together, interview transcripts and memos were analyzed to generate themes across the interview transcripts. We used the socio-ecological model to examine the different components that impact PA participation. The study highlights how neuro-normative assumptions about PA, trust and sensory sensitivities shaped PA participation for autistic adults. A lack of understanding and knowledge among movement professionals about autism, their needs, interests and abilities and trust significantly impacted participation. Assumptions and limited understandings about autism limited participation, as the forms of PA available often were not suitable to the diverse needs, interests and abilities of autistic adults.Implications for practice, research or policy: The insights highlight the importance of co-producing neurodivergent-informed PA practices that are reflective of the needs, strengths and abilities of autistic adults. Finally, we outline how the use of a trauma-informed approach to PA may be valuable in building trust and supporting PA participation. This is the first study to use this approach for PA with autistic adults. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613251360862 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=572

The role of obstetric adversities in neurodevelopmental conditions: A sibling study / Sandra GÓMEZ-VALLEJO in Autism, 29-12 (December 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 29-12 (December 2025) . - p.3072-3082 Titre : The role of obstetric adversities in neurodevelopmental conditions: A sibling study Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Sandra GÓMEZ-VALLEJO, Auteur ; Oaia IRIONDO-BLANCO, Auteur ; Gonzalo SALAZAR DE PABLO, Auteur ; Rosa CALVO ESCALONA, Auteur ; Luisa LÁZARO GARCÍA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.3072-3082 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder  autism  neurodevelopmental conditions  obstetric complications  sibling studies Résumé : Neurodevelopmental conditions (NDC) are highly heritable. Obstetric complications (OC) have been studied as potential predictors for NDC, although results are inconsistent. Inconsistencies might be related to biases such as family confounders. While some studies using sibling and twin designs have examined the association between OC and NDC, this body of research remains limited, and findings to date remain inconsistent. We used a case-control sibling study including children aged 6-17 years across five groups: those diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), co-occurring ASD + ADHD, their unaffected siblings and a comparison group without NDC. For analytic purposes, we created a combined NDC group including all individuals with ASD, ADHD or both. Participants were recruited between 2021 and 2022 from a tertiary hospital in Spain. We examined the association of NDC and OC using single predictors and cumulative OC. The study adheres to the STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines. A total of 238 participants were included (NDC = 117, unaffected siblings = 82, comparison group = 39). We found that NDC individuals showed more neonatal complications than the comparison group (β = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.00-2.98, p = 0.04), which remained significant in the sibling analysis (β = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.02-2.00, p = 0.04). This study supports that the cumulative neonatal complications, rather than specific factors, are associated with increased likelihood of being diagnosed with NDC, beyond familial confounding. Results highlight the neonatal period as a relevant window of vulnerability.Lay Abstract The role of complications during pregnancy in neurodevelopmental disorders: a sibling studyThis study examined the association between complications during pregnancy and autism, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and the combination of both conditions. We compared children with these conditions and their siblings, as well as a group comparison without diagnosed neurodevelopmental disorders. We gathered information through parents' interviews. We found that children with autism or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder presented more problems in the first 4 weeks of the child’s life than their siblings and the group of comparison. We did not find that children with these conditions present more complications during pregnancy. In addition, we observed that the probability of being diagnosed with these conditions is increased due to cumulative problems rather than specific problems. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613251359317 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=572 [article] The role of obstetric adversities in neurodevelopmental conditions: A sibling study [texte imprimé] / Sandra GÓMEZ-VALLEJO, Auteur ; Oaia IRIONDO-BLANCO, Auteur ; Gonzalo SALAZAR DE PABLO, Auteur ; Rosa CALVO ESCALONA, Auteur ; Luisa LÁZARO GARCÍA, Auteur . - p.3072-3082. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 29-12 (December 2025) . - p.3072-3082 Mots-clés : attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder  autism  neurodevelopmental conditions  obstetric complications  sibling studies Résumé : Neurodevelopmental conditions (NDC) are highly heritable. Obstetric complications (OC) have been studied as potential predictors for NDC, although results are inconsistent. Inconsistencies might be related to biases such as family confounders. While some studies using sibling and twin designs have examined the association between OC and NDC, this body of research remains limited, and findings to date remain inconsistent. We used a case-control sibling study including children aged 6-17 years across five groups: those diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), co-occurring ASD + ADHD, their unaffected siblings and a comparison group without NDC. For analytic purposes, we created a combined NDC group including all individuals with ASD, ADHD or both. Participants were recruited between 2021 and 2022 from a tertiary hospital in Spain. We examined the association of NDC and OC using single predictors and cumulative OC. The study adheres to the STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines. A total of 238 participants were included (NDC = 117, unaffected siblings = 82, comparison group = 39). We found that NDC individuals showed more neonatal complications than the comparison group (β = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.00-2.98, p = 0.04), which remained significant in the sibling analysis (β = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.02-2.00, p = 0.04). This study supports that the cumulative neonatal complications, rather than specific factors, are associated with increased likelihood of being diagnosed with NDC, beyond familial confounding. Results highlight the neonatal period as a relevant window of vulnerability.Lay Abstract The role of complications during pregnancy in neurodevelopmental disorders: a sibling studyThis study examined the association between complications during pregnancy and autism, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and the combination of both conditions. We compared children with these conditions and their siblings, as well as a group comparison without diagnosed neurodevelopmental disorders. We gathered information through parents' interviews. We found that children with autism or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder presented more problems in the first 4 weeks of the child’s life than their siblings and the group of comparison. We did not find that children with these conditions present more complications during pregnancy. In addition, we observed that the probability of being diagnosed with these conditions is increased due to cumulative problems rather than specific problems. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613251359317 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=572

Clinical correlates of errors in machine-learning diagnostic model of autism spectrum disorder: Impact of sample cohorts / Yen-Chin WANG in Autism, 29-12 (December 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 29-12 (December 2025) . - p.3083-3099 Titre : Clinical correlates of errors in machine-learning diagnostic model of autism spectrum disorder: Impact of sample cohorts Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Yen-Chin WANG, Auteur ; Chung-Yuan CHENG, Auteur ; Chi-Shin WU, Auteur ; Chi-Chun LEE, Auteur ; Susan Shur-Fen GAU, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.3083-3099 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  diagnostic models  error analysis  machine-learning Résumé : Machine-learning models can assist in diagnosing autism but have biases. We examines the correlates of misclassifications and how training data affect model generalizability. The Social Responsive Scale data were collected from two cohorts in Taiwan: the clinical cohort comprised 1203 autistic participants and 1182 non-autistic comparisons, and the community cohort consisted of 35 autistic participants and 3297 non-autistic comparisons. Classification models were trained, and the misclassification cases were investigated regarding their associations with sex, age, intelligence quotient (IQ), symptoms from the child behavioral checklist (CBCL), and co-occurring psychiatric diagnosis. Models showed high within-cohort accuracy (clinical: sensitivity 0.91-0.95, specificity 0.93-0.94; community: sensitivity 0.91-1.00, specificity 0.89-0.96), but generalizability across cohorts was limited. When the community-trained model was applied to the clinical cohort, performance declined (sensitivity 0.65, specificity 0.95). In both models, non-autistic individuals misclassified as autistic showed elevated behavioral symptoms and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) prevalence. Conversely, autistic individuals who were misclassified tended to show fewer behavioral symptoms and, in the community model, higher IQ and aggressive behavior but less social and attention problems. Error patterns of machine-learning model and the impact of training data warrant careful consideration in future research.Lay Abstract Machine-learning is a type of computer model that can help identify patterns in data and make predictions. In autism research, these models may support earlier or more accurate identification of autistic individuals. But to be useful, they need to make reliable predictions across different groups of people. In this study, we explored when and why these models might make mistakes-and how the kind of data used to train them affects their accuracy. Training models means using information to teach the computer model how to tell the difference between autistic and non-autistic individuals. We used the information from the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), which is a questionnaire that measures autistic features. We tested these models on two different groups: one from clinical settings and one from the general community. The models worked well when tested within the same type of group they were trained. However, a model trained on the community group did not perform as accurately when tested on the clinical group. Sometimes, the model got it wrong. For example, in the clinical group, some autistic individuals were mistakenly identified as non-autistic. These individuals tended to have fewer emotional or behavioral difficulties. In the community group, autistic individuals who were mistakenly identified as non-autistic had higher IQs and showed more aggressive behaviors but fewer attention or social problems. On the contrary, some non-autistic people were incorrectly identified as autistic. These people had more emotional or behavioral challenges and were more likely to have attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). These findings highlight that machine-learning models are sensitive to the type of data they are trained on. To build fair and accurate models for predicting autism, it is essential to consider where the training data come from and whether it represents the full diversity of individuals. Understanding these patterns of error can help improve future tools used in both research and clinical care. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613251360271 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=572 [article] Clinical correlates of errors in machine-learning diagnostic model of autism spectrum disorder: Impact of sample cohorts [texte imprimé] / Yen-Chin WANG, Auteur ; Chung-Yuan CHENG, Auteur ; Chi-Shin WU, Auteur ; Chi-Chun LEE, Auteur ; Susan Shur-Fen GAU, Auteur . - p.3083-3099. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 29-12 (December 2025) . - p.3083-3099 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  diagnostic models  error analysis  machine-learning Résumé : Machine-learning models can assist in diagnosing autism but have biases. We examines the correlates of misclassifications and how training data affect model generalizability. The Social Responsive Scale data were collected from two cohorts in Taiwan: the clinical cohort comprised 1203 autistic participants and 1182 non-autistic comparisons, and the community cohort consisted of 35 autistic participants and 3297 non-autistic comparisons. Classification models were trained, and the misclassification cases were investigated regarding their associations with sex, age, intelligence quotient (IQ), symptoms from the child behavioral checklist (CBCL), and co-occurring psychiatric diagnosis. Models showed high within-cohort accuracy (clinical: sensitivity 0.91-0.95, specificity 0.93-0.94; community: sensitivity 0.91-1.00, specificity 0.89-0.96), but generalizability across cohorts was limited. When the community-trained model was applied to the clinical cohort, performance declined (sensitivity 0.65, specificity 0.95). In both models, non-autistic individuals misclassified as autistic showed elevated behavioral symptoms and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) prevalence. Conversely, autistic individuals who were misclassified tended to show fewer behavioral symptoms and, in the community model, higher IQ and aggressive behavior but less social and attention problems. Error patterns of machine-learning model and the impact of training data warrant careful consideration in future research.Lay Abstract Machine-learning is a type of computer model that can help identify patterns in data and make predictions. In autism research, these models may support earlier or more accurate identification of autistic individuals. But to be useful, they need to make reliable predictions across different groups of people. In this study, we explored when and why these models might make mistakes-and how the kind of data used to train them affects their accuracy. Training models means using information to teach the computer model how to tell the difference between autistic and non-autistic individuals. We used the information from the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), which is a questionnaire that measures autistic features. We tested these models on two different groups: one from clinical settings and one from the general community. The models worked well when tested within the same type of group they were trained. However, a model trained on the community group did not perform as accurately when tested on the clinical group. Sometimes, the model got it wrong. For example, in the clinical group, some autistic individuals were mistakenly identified as non-autistic. These individuals tended to have fewer emotional or behavioral difficulties. In the community group, autistic individuals who were mistakenly identified as non-autistic had higher IQs and showed more aggressive behaviors but fewer attention or social problems. On the contrary, some non-autistic people were incorrectly identified as autistic. These people had more emotional or behavioral challenges and were more likely to have attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). These findings highlight that machine-learning models are sensitive to the type of data they are trained on. To build fair and accurate models for predicting autism, it is essential to consider where the training data come from and whether it represents the full diversity of individuals. Understanding these patterns of error can help improve future tools used in both research and clinical care. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613251360271 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=572

Consensus recommendations for usability and acceptability of mobile health autism screening tools / Gabriella TANGKILISAN in Autism, 29-12 (December 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 29-12 (December 2025) . - p.3100-3110 Titre : Consensus recommendations for usability and acceptability of mobile health autism screening tools Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Gabriella TANGKILISAN, Auteur ; Luis Rivas VAZQUEZ, Auteur ; Plyce FUCHU, Auteur ; Benjamin SANDERS, Auteur ; Jill K. DOLATA, Auteur ; Steven BEDRICK, Auteur ; Eric FOMBONNE, Auteur ; Sarabeth BRODER-FINGERT, Auteur ; Katharine E. ZUCKERMAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.3100-3110 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism screening  autism spectrum disorder  Delphi consensus  developmental screening  disparities  mobile health  practice guidelines Résumé : Mobile health (mHealth; online phone or tablet-based) screening tools for autism are being increasingly used by parents, health care, and educational providers. However, it is unclear whether mHealth autism screening will improve the inequalities in autism or further help individuals already advantaged in autism care. To try to improve equity in mHealth autism screening, we conducted a modified Delphi consensus panel process with 14 panelists who were medical providers, parents, tool developers, and educational providers. Panelists participated in three asynchronous online voting rounds followed by online discussions. Panelists were provided a preliminary list of 28 recommendations for autism-screening tools that were compiled from previous qualitative interviews in the larger project. In each round, panelists were asked to vote for up to 10 recommendations from the preliminary list and discuss the voting results. After the third round of asynchronous voting, a final round of discussion with all the panelists was held live through Zoom to discuss the final asynchronous voting results. All voting and discussion took place on an online app called Slack. Voting and discussion yielded 19 recommendations in five conceptual categories: transparency, equity, access, product design and user experience, and development process. Tools adhering to these recommendations may increase equitable service use after screening.Lay abstract Families may use information online to learn more about autism. Families, health care, and educational providers may use online tools like checklists or web apps to screen for autism (measure whether a young child has autism symptoms or behaviors). However, we do not know whether the online autism-screening tools can be easily used by families and providers. It is possible that families who are culturally diverse, have lower education, or have lower income have trouble using online autism-screening tools. We conducted an online consensus panel with medical/educational providers, parents, and tool developers, asking them to vote and have discussions on suggestions for online screening tools for autism. The voting and discussions resulted in 19 suggestions for changes to make the tools easier to use. The top recommendations included directly linking to sources of information about autism, reading level that is less than or equal to fifth grade, and focusing on the diverse behavior/needs/strengths associated with autism. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613251360276 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=572 [article] Consensus recommendations for usability and acceptability of mobile health autism screening tools [texte imprimé] / Gabriella TANGKILISAN, Auteur ; Luis Rivas VAZQUEZ, Auteur ; Plyce FUCHU, Auteur ; Benjamin SANDERS, Auteur ; Jill K. DOLATA, Auteur ; Steven BEDRICK, Auteur ; Eric FOMBONNE, Auteur ; Sarabeth BRODER-FINGERT, Auteur ; Katharine E. ZUCKERMAN, Auteur . - p.3100-3110. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 29-12 (December 2025) . - p.3100-3110 Mots-clés : autism screening  autism spectrum disorder  Delphi consensus  developmental screening  disparities  mobile health  practice guidelines Résumé : Mobile health (mHealth; online phone or tablet-based) screening tools for autism are being increasingly used by parents, health care, and educational providers. However, it is unclear whether mHealth autism screening will improve the inequalities in autism or further help individuals already advantaged in autism care. To try to improve equity in mHealth autism screening, we conducted a modified Delphi consensus panel process with 14 panelists who were medical providers, parents, tool developers, and educational providers. Panelists participated in three asynchronous online voting rounds followed by online discussions. Panelists were provided a preliminary list of 28 recommendations for autism-screening tools that were compiled from previous qualitative interviews in the larger project. In each round, panelists were asked to vote for up to 10 recommendations from the preliminary list and discuss the voting results. After the third round of asynchronous voting, a final round of discussion with all the panelists was held live through Zoom to discuss the final asynchronous voting results. All voting and discussion took place on an online app called Slack. Voting and discussion yielded 19 recommendations in five conceptual categories: transparency, equity, access, product design and user experience, and development process. Tools adhering to these recommendations may increase equitable service use after screening.Lay abstract Families may use information online to learn more about autism. Families, health care, and educational providers may use online tools like checklists or web apps to screen for autism (measure whether a young child has autism symptoms or behaviors). However, we do not know whether the online autism-screening tools can be easily used by families and providers. It is possible that families who are culturally diverse, have lower education, or have lower income have trouble using online autism-screening tools. We conducted an online consensus panel with medical/educational providers, parents, and tool developers, asking them to vote and have discussions on suggestions for online screening tools for autism. The voting and discussions resulted in 19 suggestions for changes to make the tools easier to use. The top recommendations included directly linking to sources of information about autism, reading level that is less than or equal to fifth grade, and focusing on the diverse behavior/needs/strengths associated with autism. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613251360276 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=572

Contextual factors influencing neuro-affirming practice: Identifying what helps or hinders implementation in health and social care / Anna GRAY in Autism, 29-12 (December 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 29-12 (December 2025) . - p.3111-3123 Titre : Contextual factors influencing neuro-affirming practice: Identifying what helps or hinders implementation in health and social care Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Anna GRAY, Auteur ; Donald MACIVER, Auteur ; Eleanor CURNOW, Auteur ; Lorna JOHNSTON, Auteur ; Marion RUTHERFORD, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.3111-3123 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ADHD  adults  assessment  autism  diagnosis  health services  neurodivergent  pathway  psychoeducational support  qualitative research Résumé : There has been limited research to date into contextual factors hindering or supporting the successful implementation of neuro-affirming practice in support for Autistic and otherwise neurodivergent adults. We used a Realist Evaluation approach to explore key contexts affecting neuro-affirming practice. A preliminary programme theory of key aspects of support was developed. Views on current practice were sought through structured interviews with 32 senior professionals in leadership roles within Health and Social Care services in Scotland. This study identified important contexts shaping the implementation of neuro-affirming practice for adults. Results indicate widespread professional support for modifying practice to better accommodate neuro-affirming ideas, and scope to achieve this. However, some contexts, including limited resources, restrictive eligibility criteria and rigid service structures, hinder progress. Growing demand for services was often viewed as a restrictive context, but it also offered a chance to rethink conventional, one-size-fits-all models and adopt neuro-affirming approaches. The study is important in addressing a current gap in research into professional perspectives of the contexts required to develop transdiagnostic, neuro-affirming approaches and pathways for Autistic and neurodivergent adults. The insights from this study may offer transferable practice approaches, applicable across different countries with similar healthcare contexts.Lay abstract Delivery of neuro-affirming adult support pathways for Autistic and other neurodivergent adults by Health and Social Care institutions can be affected by different contexts. However, there is limited research to date into the most supportive contexts for effective neuro-affirming practice. This study aimed to explore the most beneficial contexts for neuro-affirming approaches, and barriers to this. We did this by using existing research to develop a theory about the most helpful approaches to support for Autistic adults, then gathering the views of 32 senior professionals in leadership roles within Health and Social Care services to explore supports and challenges they experience in implementing these approaches. The study identified important contexts for delivery of neuro-affirming practice and how these might be achieved. Some contexts, such as limited resources, restrictive eligibility criteria and inflexible service structures, could limit progress. However, although these were often seen as barriers, they also offered a chance to rethink one-size-fits-all models and adopt neuro-affirming approaches. This study is important in addressing a current gap in research into professional perspectives of the ways neuro-affirming approaches can be developed in practice, to support Autistic and neurodivergent adults. The insights from this study may offer transferable lessons, applicable across different regions and countries. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613251360275 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=572 [article] Contextual factors influencing neuro-affirming practice: Identifying what helps or hinders implementation in health and social care [texte imprimé] / Anna GRAY, Auteur ; Donald MACIVER, Auteur ; Eleanor CURNOW, Auteur ; Lorna JOHNSTON, Auteur ; Marion RUTHERFORD, Auteur . - p.3111-3123. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 29-12 (December 2025) . - p.3111-3123 Mots-clés : ADHD  adults  assessment  autism  diagnosis  health services  neurodivergent  pathway  psychoeducational support  qualitative research Résumé : There has been limited research to date into contextual factors hindering or supporting the successful implementation of neuro-affirming practice in support for Autistic and otherwise neurodivergent adults. We used a Realist Evaluation approach to explore key contexts affecting neuro-affirming practice. A preliminary programme theory of key aspects of support was developed. Views on current practice were sought through structured interviews with 32 senior professionals in leadership roles within Health and Social Care services in Scotland. This study identified important contexts shaping the implementation of neuro-affirming practice for adults. Results indicate widespread professional support for modifying practice to better accommodate neuro-affirming ideas, and scope to achieve this. However, some contexts, including limited resources, restrictive eligibility criteria and rigid service structures, hinder progress. Growing demand for services was often viewed as a restrictive context, but it also offered a chance to rethink conventional, one-size-fits-all models and adopt neuro-affirming approaches. The study is important in addressing a current gap in research into professional perspectives of the contexts required to develop transdiagnostic, neuro-affirming approaches and pathways for Autistic and neurodivergent adults. The insights from this study may offer transferable practice approaches, applicable across different countries with similar healthcare contexts.Lay abstract Delivery of neuro-affirming adult support pathways for Autistic and other neurodivergent adults by Health and Social Care institutions can be affected by different contexts. However, there is limited research to date into the most supportive contexts for effective neuro-affirming practice. This study aimed to explore the most beneficial contexts for neuro-affirming approaches, and barriers to this. We did this by using existing research to develop a theory about the most helpful approaches to support for Autistic adults, then gathering the views of 32 senior professionals in leadership roles within Health and Social Care services to explore supports and challenges they experience in implementing these approaches. The study identified important contexts for delivery of neuro-affirming practice and how these might be achieved. Some contexts, such as limited resources, restrictive eligibility criteria and inflexible service structures, could limit progress. However, although these were often seen as barriers, they also offered a chance to rethink one-size-fits-all models and adopt neuro-affirming approaches. This study is important in addressing a current gap in research into professional perspectives of the ways neuro-affirming approaches can be developed in practice, to support Autistic and neurodivergent adults. The insights from this study may offer transferable lessons, applicable across different regions and countries. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613251360275 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=572

Occurrence and overlap of physical and mental health conditions in autistic adults / Carolien TORENVLIET in Autism, 29-12 (December 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 29-12 (December 2025) . - p.3124-3135 Titre : Occurrence and overlap of physical and mental health conditions in autistic adults Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Carolien TORENVLIET, Auteur ; Tulsi A. RADHOE, Auteur ; Hilde M. GEURTS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.3124-3135 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  mental health  physical health  psychometric network analysis Résumé : Mental and physical health conditions are a major topic of concern in autistic adults, but studies rarely consider their overlap. Therefore, this study assessed physical health conditions and mental health conditions in autistic adults in the Netherlands and potential associations between them. Using questionnaires, we compared autistic (n = 327) and non-autistic (n = 274) adults (30-90 years) on mental health conditions, physical health conditions, and health-related quality of life. Autistic adults reported lower health-related quality of life than non-autistic adults. Logistic regressions indicated significantly higher rates of all mental health conditions reported by autistic adults, most common being mood (45%), anxiety (22%), and personality disorders (21%), with odds ratios ranging from six to 34. Regarding physical health conditions, autistic adults reported significantly higher rates of bowel conditions (27%), allergies (48%), and hypothyroid conditions (6%), with odds ratios ranging from two to four. Psychometric network analysis of autism and the most frequently occurring mental health conditions and physical health conditions highlighted autism as a central node, followed by mood and personality disorders, bowel and respiratory conditions, and allergies. Mental health conditions were tightly clustered, indicating high comorbidity. While no single condition connected physical and mental health in particular, we found several links between the two. These findings emphasize the need for improved healthcare and broader societal changes to enhance the well-being of autistic individuals.Lay Abstract Autistic adults often face a range of physical and mental health conditions, but the relationship between these two types of health issues is not well understood. Our study looked at how often physical and mental health conditions in autistic adults occurred. We also studied the connections between these conditions, using a method called psychometric network analysis. We surveyed 327 autistic and 274 non-autistic adults, aged 30-90 years, about potential health conditions they faced and the perception of the quality of their health, also known as health-related quality of life. We found that autistic adults had a lower health-related quality of life and reported higher rates of all mental health conditions. Mood (45%), anxiety (22%), and personality disorders (21%) were most common. Autistic adults were between six and 34 times more likely to have these mental health conditions compared to non-autistic adults. In terms of physical health, autistic adults reported higher rates of bowel conditions (27%), allergies (48%), hypothyroid conditions (6%), and less robustly of strokes (CVA/TIAs; 3%), and rheumatic conditions (31%)- and a two- to four-times higher risk than non-autistic adults. Using psychometric network analysis, we found that mental health conditions in autistic adults are closely linked, showing how complex their health challenges are. While there was no single condition that connected physical and mental health in particular, we found several links between the two. These findings emphasize the need for improved healthcare and broader societal changes to enhance the well-being of autistic individuals. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613251362346 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=572 [article] Occurrence and overlap of physical and mental health conditions in autistic adults [texte imprimé] / Carolien TORENVLIET, Auteur ; Tulsi A. RADHOE, Auteur ; Hilde M. GEURTS, Auteur . - p.3124-3135. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 29-12 (December 2025) . - p.3124-3135 Mots-clés : autism  mental health  physical health  psychometric network analysis Résumé : Mental and physical health conditions are a major topic of concern in autistic adults, but studies rarely consider their overlap. Therefore, this study assessed physical health conditions and mental health conditions in autistic adults in the Netherlands and potential associations between them. Using questionnaires, we compared autistic (n = 327) and non-autistic (n = 274) adults (30-90 years) on mental health conditions, physical health conditions, and health-related quality of life. Autistic adults reported lower health-related quality of life than non-autistic adults. Logistic regressions indicated significantly higher rates of all mental health conditions reported by autistic adults, most common being mood (45%), anxiety (22%), and personality disorders (21%), with odds ratios ranging from six to 34. Regarding physical health conditions, autistic adults reported significantly higher rates of bowel conditions (27%), allergies (48%), and hypothyroid conditions (6%), with odds ratios ranging from two to four. Psychometric network analysis of autism and the most frequently occurring mental health conditions and physical health conditions highlighted autism as a central node, followed by mood and personality disorders, bowel and respiratory conditions, and allergies. Mental health conditions were tightly clustered, indicating high comorbidity. While no single condition connected physical and mental health in particular, we found several links between the two. These findings emphasize the need for improved healthcare and broader societal changes to enhance the well-being of autistic individuals.Lay Abstract Autistic adults often face a range of physical and mental health conditions, but the relationship between these two types of health issues is not well understood. Our study looked at how often physical and mental health conditions in autistic adults occurred. We also studied the connections between these conditions, using a method called psychometric network analysis. We surveyed 327 autistic and 274 non-autistic adults, aged 30-90 years, about potential health conditions they faced and the perception of the quality of their health, also known as health-related quality of life. We found that autistic adults had a lower health-related quality of life and reported higher rates of all mental health conditions. Mood (45%), anxiety (22%), and personality disorders (21%) were most common. Autistic adults were between six and 34 times more likely to have these mental health conditions compared to non-autistic adults. In terms of physical health, autistic adults reported higher rates of bowel conditions (27%), allergies (48%), hypothyroid conditions (6%), and less robustly of strokes (CVA/TIAs; 3%), and rheumatic conditions (31%)- and a two- to four-times higher risk than non-autistic adults. Using psychometric network analysis, we found that mental health conditions in autistic adults are closely linked, showing how complex their health challenges are. While there was no single condition that connected physical and mental health in particular, we found several links between the two. These findings emphasize the need for improved healthcare and broader societal changes to enhance the well-being of autistic individuals. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613251362346 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=572

Challenging neurotypical norms: Autistic adults' understandings of health / Jamie KOENIG in Autism, 29-12 (December 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 29-12 (December 2025) . - p.3136-3146 Titre : Challenging neurotypical norms: Autistic adults' understandings of health Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Jamie KOENIG, Auteur ; Kiley J. MCLEAN, Auteur ; Meghan HAAS, Auteur ; Megan HORVATH, Auteur ; Mariah VIGIL, Auteur ; Nahime G. AGUIRRE MTANOUS, Auteur ; Sarah EFFERTZ, Auteur ; Lauren BISHOP, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.3136-3146 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adults  autism  health services  qualitative research Résumé : This study examined how autistic adults conceptualize health and whether their conceptualizations differed substantively from those of their emergency contacts (people who helped with health or healthcare management). We conducted semi-structured interviews with 10 dyads of autistic adults and emergency contacts. A thematic analysis with deductive and inductive codes identified four main themes: (1) health is subjective well-being; (2) healthy is the absence of pain; (3) challenging neurotypical norms; and (4) differences in health definitions were smaller than perceived. Autistic participants and emergency contacts endorsed the first two themes. Only autistic participants discussed the third theme. Despite broad agreement about what "healthy" means, emergency contacts perceived significant differences between their definition of health and that of their autistic counterpart. The data suggest these differences were primarily about health behaviors. We present a model for a Personalized Health Ecosystem, describing important factors for personal conceptualization of health among autistic adults. These findings demonstrate the need for individualized care, for healthcare providers to partner with autistic patients to best support their health, and for education programs for providers who work with this community.Lay Abstract Autistic adults experience worse health and have a higher risk of mortality on average. Many autistic adults say that physicians and other healthcare providers do not understand autism and autistic people’s needs. This study wants to understand how autistic adults specifically understand healthy habits as this could inform better care. We interviewed 10 autistic adults and their emergency contacts (family or friends who help them with healthcare decisions) about how they understand health and what they do to be healthy. We compared what the two groups said. Both autistic adults and their emergency contacts said that being healthy could look different for everyone. Beyond physical health, participants talked about mental, financial, and spiritual health. Participants described "healthy" as the absence of pain, though the fact that you can be in pain and healthy was mentioned. Autistic adults and their emergency contacts described health similarly. Autistic adults, however, shared more non-traditional health-promoting behaviors. These findings can help healthcare providers better understand how to work with autistic patients. Physicians should work with autistic patients on how to be healthy, rather than assume that autistic adults do not understand health. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613251362336 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=572 [article] Challenging neurotypical norms: Autistic adults' understandings of health [texte imprimé] / Jamie KOENIG, Auteur ; Kiley J. MCLEAN, Auteur ; Meghan HAAS, Auteur ; Megan HORVATH, Auteur ; Mariah VIGIL, Auteur ; Nahime G. AGUIRRE MTANOUS, Auteur ; Sarah EFFERTZ, Auteur ; Lauren BISHOP, Auteur . - p.3136-3146. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 29-12 (December 2025) . - p.3136-3146 Mots-clés : adults  autism  health services  qualitative research Résumé : This study examined how autistic adults conceptualize health and whether their conceptualizations differed substantively from those of their emergency contacts (people who helped with health or healthcare management). We conducted semi-structured interviews with 10 dyads of autistic adults and emergency contacts. A thematic analysis with deductive and inductive codes identified four main themes: (1) health is subjective well-being; (2) healthy is the absence of pain; (3) challenging neurotypical norms; and (4) differences in health definitions were smaller than perceived. Autistic participants and emergency contacts endorsed the first two themes. Only autistic participants discussed the third theme. Despite broad agreement about what "healthy" means, emergency contacts perceived significant differences between their definition of health and that of their autistic counterpart. The data suggest these differences were primarily about health behaviors. We present a model for a Personalized Health Ecosystem, describing important factors for personal conceptualization of health among autistic adults. These findings demonstrate the need for individualized care, for healthcare providers to partner with autistic patients to best support their health, and for education programs for providers who work with this community.Lay Abstract Autistic adults experience worse health and have a higher risk of mortality on average. Many autistic adults say that physicians and other healthcare providers do not understand autism and autistic people’s needs. This study wants to understand how autistic adults specifically understand healthy habits as this could inform better care. We interviewed 10 autistic adults and their emergency contacts (family or friends who help them with healthcare decisions) about how they understand health and what they do to be healthy. We compared what the two groups said. Both autistic adults and their emergency contacts said that being healthy could look different for everyone. Beyond physical health, participants talked about mental, financial, and spiritual health. Participants described "healthy" as the absence of pain, though the fact that you can be in pain and healthy was mentioned. Autistic adults and their emergency contacts described health similarly. Autistic adults, however, shared more non-traditional health-promoting behaviors. These findings can help healthcare providers better understand how to work with autistic patients. Physicians should work with autistic patients on how to be healthy, rather than assume that autistic adults do not understand health. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613251362336 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=572

Elevated autistic features in Parkinson’s disease and other motor disorders / Ipsita DEY in Autism, 29-12 (December 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 29-12 (December 2025) . - p.3147-3155 Titre : Elevated autistic features in Parkinson’s disease and other motor disorders Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Ipsita DEY, Auteur ; Swarnima PATHAK, Auteur ; Sreerupa CHAKRABARTY, Auteur ; Matthew K. BELMONTE, Auteur ; Supriyo CHOUDHURY, Auteur ; Hrishikesh KUMAR, Auteur ; Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.3147-3155 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  global  medical comorbidity  motor disorders  neurological conditions  Parkinson’s disease Résumé : Biological accounts have suggested an overlap between Parkinson’s disease and autism despite their being studied largely at opposite ends of the life course. Characterising this overlap can identify potentially shared aetiologies and care pathways for these conditions. However, this overlap has so far only been tested in older autistic adults who show greater Parkinson’s disease traits. The converse has not been directly assayed, that is, if adults with Parkinson’s disease have higher autistic features. This preregistered study addressed this gap in the literature by asking whether adults with Parkinson’s disease manifest elevated autistic traits. To test whether any such overlap might be unique to Parkinson’s disease, we included two control groups: (1) people without any parkinsonism but with motor disability of neurological or neurovascular origin (other motor disorders), and (2) typically ageing controls with no motor disorders. We tested N = 330 participants (equal numbers of Parkinson’s disease, other motor disorders and typically ageing controls) on their autistic traits and cognitive abilities. Clinical diagnoses were verified through a tertiary neurology clinic. Higher autistic traits were noted in both Parkinson’s disease and other motor disorder groups compared to the typically ageing controls, suggesting an association between motor disorders and dimensional autistic traits. Exploratory analyses revealed a clear pattern of results in males, where Parkinson’s disease was associated with the highest autistic traits, followed by the other motor disorders, and then by the typically ageing group. No such pattern was observed in females. These results are not explained by differences in language or age or reporter effects. This new evidence suggests a sex-specific overlap between these conditions and highlights the need for accounting for elevated autistic features in planning support for males with Parkinson’s disease and other movement disorders.Lay Abstract People with autism are three times more likely than non-autistic people to develop Parkinson’s disease in later life, and some of the same genetic variants contribute to risks for both these conditions. Although Parkinson’s disease is more common in people with autism, is autism correspondingly more common in people with Parkinson’s disease? Or what about autistic patterns of thought and behaviour, even in Parkinson’s patients who are not also diagnosed, or diagnosable, with autism itself? We surveyed such autistic traits in three groups of older people: Parkinson’s patients, patients with other neurological disorders of movement and those without any neurological or movement disorder or condition. Men with Parkinson’s disease and men with non-parkinsonian motor disorders had more autistic traits than normal. Women with Parkinson’s or other motor disorders, on the other hand, did not differ from women without any motor disorder. This was true no matter in which of the three languages surveys were given, and no matter whether it was patients themselves or their caregivers who completed the survey. Some underlying genetic or other biological shared factors might increase autistic traits not only in Parkinson’s disease but also in some of the other motor disorders represented in this study’s comparison group, for example, essential tremor. Conversely, Parkinson’s disease might not be the only motor disorder to which people with autism stand at heightened risk. Assessment of autistic traits should be considered as part of care planning for people with Parkinson’s disease or other motor disorders. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613251362267 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=572 [article] Elevated autistic features in Parkinson’s disease and other motor disorders [texte imprimé] / Ipsita DEY, Auteur ; Swarnima PATHAK, Auteur ; Sreerupa CHAKRABARTY, Auteur ; Matthew K. BELMONTE, Auteur ; Supriyo CHOUDHURY, Auteur ; Hrishikesh KUMAR, Auteur ; Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI, Auteur . - p.3147-3155. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 29-12 (December 2025) . - p.3147-3155 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  global  medical comorbidity  motor disorders  neurological conditions  Parkinson’s disease Résumé : Biological accounts have suggested an overlap between Parkinson’s disease and autism despite their being studied largely at opposite ends of the life course. Characterising this overlap can identify potentially shared aetiologies and care pathways for these conditions. However, this overlap has so far only been tested in older autistic adults who show greater Parkinson’s disease traits. The converse has not been directly assayed, that is, if adults with Parkinson’s disease have higher autistic features. This preregistered study addressed this gap in the literature by asking whether adults with Parkinson’s disease manifest elevated autistic traits. To test whether any such overlap might be unique to Parkinson’s disease, we included two control groups: (1) people without any parkinsonism but with motor disability of neurological or neurovascular origin (other motor disorders), and (2) typically ageing controls with no motor disorders. We tested N = 330 participants (equal numbers of Parkinson’s disease, other motor disorders and typically ageing controls) on their autistic traits and cognitive abilities. Clinical diagnoses were verified through a tertiary neurology clinic. Higher autistic traits were noted in both Parkinson’s disease and other motor disorder groups compared to the typically ageing controls, suggesting an association between motor disorders and dimensional autistic traits. Exploratory analyses revealed a clear pattern of results in males, where Parkinson’s disease was associated with the highest autistic traits, followed by the other motor disorders, and then by the typically ageing group. No such pattern was observed in females. These results are not explained by differences in language or age or reporter effects. This new evidence suggests a sex-specific overlap between these conditions and highlights the need for accounting for elevated autistic features in planning support for males with Parkinson’s disease and other movement disorders.Lay Abstract People with autism are three times more likely than non-autistic people to develop Parkinson’s disease in later life, and some of the same genetic variants contribute to risks for both these conditions. Although Parkinson’s disease is more common in people with autism, is autism correspondingly more common in people with Parkinson’s disease? Or what about autistic patterns of thought and behaviour, even in Parkinson’s patients who are not also diagnosed, or diagnosable, with autism itself? We surveyed such autistic traits in three groups of older people: Parkinson’s patients, patients with other neurological disorders of movement and those without any neurological or movement disorder or condition. Men with Parkinson’s disease and men with non-parkinsonian motor disorders had more autistic traits than normal. Women with Parkinson’s or other motor disorders, on the other hand, did not differ from women without any motor disorder. This was true no matter in which of the three languages surveys were given, and no matter whether it was patients themselves or their caregivers who completed the survey. Some underlying genetic or other biological shared factors might increase autistic traits not only in Parkinson’s disease but also in some of the other motor disorders represented in this study’s comparison group, for example, essential tremor. Conversely, Parkinson’s disease might not be the only motor disorder to which people with autism stand at heightened risk. Assessment of autistic traits should be considered as part of care planning for people with Parkinson’s disease or other motor disorders. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613251362267 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=572

Parental distress, marital satisfaction, and functional impairments in autistic children: A family perspective from Türkiye / Nazlı ÖZOĞUZ in Autism, 29-12 (December 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 29-12 (December 2025) . - p.3156-3165 Titre : Parental distress, marital satisfaction, and functional impairments in autistic children: A family perspective from Türkiye Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Nazlı ÖZOĞUZ, Auteur ; Mustafa BALKANAS, Auteur ; Mahmut Cem TARAKÇıOĞLU, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.3156-3165 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  caregivers/psychology  culture  family  functional impairment Résumé : This study investigates the relationships between family dynamics, parental psychological distress, and functional impairment in Turkish autistic children. We recruited 100 families, including children aged 6-12 years diagnosed with autism and their parents. Autism severity was measured using the Childhood Autism Rating Scale. Parents completed validated tools, including the Brief Symptom Inventory and Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale-Parent Form, while mothers also completed the Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale and Marital Adjustment Test. Mothers reported higher functional impairment in their children (M = 0.90, SD = 0.50) than fathers (M = 0.82, SD = 0.46, p = 0.020). Maternal distress was significantly associated with greater functional impairment (β = 0.242, p = 0.028), while stronger marital relationships were linked to lower levels of impairment (β = −0.323, p = 0.001). Autism symptom severity and comorbid conditions were not significantly associated with functional impairment. These findings suggest that maternal mental health and marital satisfaction are related to functional impairments in autistic children. While fathers often have less direct caregiving roles, their supportive presence may also be important. These findings highlight the need for longitudinal studies to clarify whether reducing caregiver stress and supporting family resilience are linked to improved outcomes in autistic children.Lay Abstract Raising autistic children presents unique daily challenges for families. This study explored how family relationships and parents' mental health are linked to the daily functioning of autistic children in Türkiye. We included 100 families with children aged 6-12 years who had been diagnosed with autism. Mothers often reported more challenges in their child’s daily life compared to fathers. Higher levels of maternal stress were associated with greater difficulties in children’s daily functioning. In contrast, stronger and more supportive marriages were associated with fewer reported challenges. These results suggest that family dynamics and caregiver well-being are closely related to how autistic children experience daily life. Supporting parental mental health and strengthening family relationships may help promote better outcomes for autistic children and their families. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613251362263 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=572 [article] Parental distress, marital satisfaction, and functional impairments in autistic children: A family perspective from Türkiye [texte imprimé] / Nazlı ÖZOĞUZ, Auteur ; Mustafa BALKANAS, Auteur ; Mahmut Cem TARAKÇıOĞLU, Auteur . - p.3156-3165. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 29-12 (December 2025) . - p.3156-3165 Mots-clés : autism  caregivers/psychology  culture  family  functional impairment Résumé : This study investigates the relationships between family dynamics, parental psychological distress, and functional impairment in Turkish autistic children. We recruited 100 families, including children aged 6-12 years diagnosed with autism and their parents. Autism severity was measured using the Childhood Autism Rating Scale. Parents completed validated tools, including the Brief Symptom Inventory and Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale-Parent Form, while mothers also completed the Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale and Marital Adjustment Test. Mothers reported higher functional impairment in their children (M = 0.90, SD = 0.50) than fathers (M = 0.82, SD = 0.46, p = 0.020). Maternal distress was significantly associated with greater functional impairment (β = 0.242, p = 0.028), while stronger marital relationships were linked to lower levels of impairment (β = −0.323, p = 0.001). Autism symptom severity and comorbid conditions were not significantly associated with functional impairment. These findings suggest that maternal mental health and marital satisfaction are related to functional impairments in autistic children. While fathers often have less direct caregiving roles, their supportive presence may also be important. These findings highlight the need for longitudinal studies to clarify whether reducing caregiver stress and supporting family resilience are linked to improved outcomes in autistic children.Lay Abstract Raising autistic children presents unique daily challenges for families. This study explored how family relationships and parents' mental health are linked to the daily functioning of autistic children in Türkiye. We included 100 families with children aged 6-12 years who had been diagnosed with autism. Mothers often reported more challenges in their child’s daily life compared to fathers. Higher levels of maternal stress were associated with greater difficulties in children’s daily functioning. In contrast, stronger and more supportive marriages were associated with fewer reported challenges. These results suggest that family dynamics and caregiver well-being are closely related to how autistic children experience daily life. Supporting parental mental health and strengthening family relationships may help promote better outcomes for autistic children and their families. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613251362263 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=572

Potential association between altered oral microbiota and oxidative stress in individuals with autism / Liyan ZHONG in Autism, 29-12 (December 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 29-12 (December 2025) . - p.3166-3179 Titre : Potential association between altered oral microbiota and oxidative stress in individuals with autism Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Liyan ZHONG, Auteur ; Pengcheng REN, Auteur ; Haibo WANG, Auteur ; Chenghui FU, Auteur ; Dingxia FENG, Auteur ; Min WANG, Auteur ; Liqin ZENG, Auteur ; Paul YAO, Auteur ; Tao WANG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.3166-3179 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  epigenetics  oral microbiota  oxidative stress  risk factors Résumé : Autism spectrum disorders are potentially associated with gastrointestinal dysfunction, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Recently, the oral cavity has gained attention as the starting point of the digestive tract. We aim to explore the potential association between altered oral microbiota and oxidative stress in individuals with autism spectrum disorders. We conducted a case-control study involving 54 subjects with autism spectrum disorders and 46 typically developing participants. Oral epithelial cells and saliva samples were collected to analyze oxidative stress markers and oral microbiota composition using 16S rDNA sequencing. Compared with typically developing participants, individuals with autism spectrum disorders exhibited suppressed mRNA levels of superoxide dismutase 2 and RAR-related orphan receptor α, increased H3K9me2 modifications at superoxide dismutase 2 promoter, elevated levels of 8-oxo-dG in oral epithelial cells, and a reduced ratio of reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio in saliva. In addition, alpha and beta diversity analyses showed significant differences in microbial richness, evenness, and intersample variation between the autism spectrum disorder and typically developing groups. Statistical analyses confirmed marked distinctions in microbial diversity and community structure between the two groups. Individuals with autism spectrum disorders show increased oxidative stress and altered oral microbiota compared with typically developing participants. While the underlying mechanisms remain unclear, these findings suggest that altered oral microbiota may be linked to oxidative stress, providing insights into autism spectrum disorder pathology and potential avenues for clinical intervention.Lay Abstract Autism spectrum disorders are linked to gut-related issues, but the exact causes are still unclear. Recent research focuses on the mouth, the first part of the digestive system, to understand how it may play a role. This study looked at how the oral microbiome (the community of microorganisms in the mouth) and oxidative stress (an imbalance between harmful free radicals and antioxidants in the body) differ in people with autism spectrum disorders compared with typically developing individuals. Researchers studied 54 people with autism spectrum disorders and 46 typically developing individuals by analyzing their saliva and oral cells. Results showed that people with autism spectrum disorders had higher levels of oxidative stress markers and noticeable differences in their oral microbiota diversity and structure. These findings suggest a potential connection between changes in oral bacteria and oxidative stress in autism spectrum disorders, opening the door for new ways to study and treat autism spectrum disorders-related health issues. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613251362259 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=572 [article] Potential association between altered oral microbiota and oxidative stress in individuals with autism [texte imprimé] / Liyan ZHONG, Auteur ; Pengcheng REN, Auteur ; Haibo WANG, Auteur ; Chenghui FU, Auteur ; Dingxia FENG, Auteur ; Min WANG, Auteur ; Liqin ZENG, Auteur ; Paul YAO, Auteur ; Tao WANG, Auteur . - p.3166-3179. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 29-12 (December 2025) . - p.3166-3179 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  epigenetics  oral microbiota  oxidative stress  risk factors Résumé : Autism spectrum disorders are potentially associated with gastrointestinal dysfunction, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Recently, the oral cavity has gained attention as the starting point of the digestive tract. We aim to explore the potential association between altered oral microbiota and oxidative stress in individuals with autism spectrum disorders. We conducted a case-control study involving 54 subjects with autism spectrum disorders and 46 typically developing participants. Oral epithelial cells and saliva samples were collected to analyze oxidative stress markers and oral microbiota composition using 16S rDNA sequencing. Compared with typically developing participants, individuals with autism spectrum disorders exhibited suppressed mRNA levels of superoxide dismutase 2 and RAR-related orphan receptor α, increased H3K9me2 modifications at superoxide dismutase 2 promoter, elevated levels of 8-oxo-dG in oral epithelial cells, and a reduced ratio of reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio in saliva. In addition, alpha and beta diversity analyses showed significant differences in microbial richness, evenness, and intersample variation between the autism spectrum disorder and typically developing groups. Statistical analyses confirmed marked distinctions in microbial diversity and community structure between the two groups. Individuals with autism spectrum disorders show increased oxidative stress and altered oral microbiota compared with typically developing participants. While the underlying mechanisms remain unclear, these findings suggest that altered oral microbiota may be linked to oxidative stress, providing insights into autism spectrum disorder pathology and potential avenues for clinical intervention.Lay Abstract Autism spectrum disorders are linked to gut-related issues, but the exact causes are still unclear. Recent research focuses on the mouth, the first part of the digestive system, to understand how it may play a role. This study looked at how the oral microbiome (the community of microorganisms in the mouth) and oxidative stress (an imbalance between harmful free radicals and antioxidants in the body) differ in people with autism spectrum disorders compared with typically developing individuals. Researchers studied 54 people with autism spectrum disorders and 46 typically developing individuals by analyzing their saliva and oral cells. Results showed that people with autism spectrum disorders had higher levels of oxidative stress markers and noticeable differences in their oral microbiota diversity and structure. These findings suggest a potential connection between changes in oral bacteria and oxidative stress in autism spectrum disorders, opening the door for new ways to study and treat autism spectrum disorders-related health issues. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613251362259 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=572