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Auteur Gail A. ALVARES |
Documents disponibles écrits par cet auteur (29)
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The course and prognostic capability of motor difficulties in infants showing early signs of autism / M. K. LICARI in Autism Research, 14-8 (August 2021)
[article]
Titre : The course and prognostic capability of motor difficulties in infants showing early signs of autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : M. K. LICARI, Auteur ; Kandice J. VARCIN, Auteur ; K. HUDRY, Auteur ; H. C. LEONARD, Auteur ; Gail A. ALVARES, Auteur ; S. V. PILLAR, Auteur ; P. G. STEVENSON, Auteur ; Matthew N. COOPER, Auteur ; Andrew J. O. WHITEHOUSE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1759-1768 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder Autistic Disorder Humans Infant Motor Skills Prognosis Prospective Studies early identification infancy motor skills Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Delays within the motor domain are often overlooked as an early surveillance marker for autism. The present study evaluated motor difficulties and its potential as an early predictive marker for later autism likelihood in a cohort of infants (N = 96) showing early behavioral signs of autism aged 9-14?months. The motor domain was evaluated using the motor subscales of the Mullen Scales of Early Learning at baseline, and at a 6-month follow-up. The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule - Toddler Module (ADOS-T) was completed at follow-up as a measure of autism likelihood. Motor difficulties were common at baseline, with 63/96 (65.6%) infants scoring very low or below average in the gross motor domain and 29/96 (30.2%) in the fine motor domain. At follow-up, gross motor difficulties had resolved for many, with 23/63 (36.5%) infants maintaining these difficulties. Fine motor difficulties resolved in fewer infants, with 20/29 (69.0%) continuing to present with fine motor delays at follow-up. Adjusted linear regression models suggested that fine motor scores at baseline (? = -0.12, SE = 0.04) and follow-up (? = -0.17, SE = 0.05) were associated with higher ADOS-T scores; with difficulties across both timepoints (? = 5.60, SE = 1.35) the strongest (largest in magnitude) association with ADOS-T scores of the predictors examined. Motor difficulties are prominent in children displaying emerging signs of autism, with persistent fine motor difficulties predictive of the developing autism phenotype. The findings indicate the potential clinical value of including evaluation of motor skills within early autism surveillance measures. LAY SUMMARY: This prospective study evaluated motor development over a 6-month period in infants showing early behavioral signs of autism. Atypical motor development was a common feature of infants showing early signs of autism and persistent fine motor difficulties were predictive of the emerging autism phenotype. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2545 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449
in Autism Research > 14-8 (August 2021) . - p.1759-1768[article] The course and prognostic capability of motor difficulties in infants showing early signs of autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / M. K. LICARI, Auteur ; Kandice J. VARCIN, Auteur ; K. HUDRY, Auteur ; H. C. LEONARD, Auteur ; Gail A. ALVARES, Auteur ; S. V. PILLAR, Auteur ; P. G. STEVENSON, Auteur ; Matthew N. COOPER, Auteur ; Andrew J. O. WHITEHOUSE, Auteur . - p.1759-1768.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 14-8 (August 2021) . - p.1759-1768
Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder Autistic Disorder Humans Infant Motor Skills Prognosis Prospective Studies early identification infancy motor skills Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Delays within the motor domain are often overlooked as an early surveillance marker for autism. The present study evaluated motor difficulties and its potential as an early predictive marker for later autism likelihood in a cohort of infants (N = 96) showing early behavioral signs of autism aged 9-14?months. The motor domain was evaluated using the motor subscales of the Mullen Scales of Early Learning at baseline, and at a 6-month follow-up. The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule - Toddler Module (ADOS-T) was completed at follow-up as a measure of autism likelihood. Motor difficulties were common at baseline, with 63/96 (65.6%) infants scoring very low or below average in the gross motor domain and 29/96 (30.2%) in the fine motor domain. At follow-up, gross motor difficulties had resolved for many, with 23/63 (36.5%) infants maintaining these difficulties. Fine motor difficulties resolved in fewer infants, with 20/29 (69.0%) continuing to present with fine motor delays at follow-up. Adjusted linear regression models suggested that fine motor scores at baseline (? = -0.12, SE = 0.04) and follow-up (? = -0.17, SE = 0.05) were associated with higher ADOS-T scores; with difficulties across both timepoints (? = 5.60, SE = 1.35) the strongest (largest in magnitude) association with ADOS-T scores of the predictors examined. Motor difficulties are prominent in children displaying emerging signs of autism, with persistent fine motor difficulties predictive of the developing autism phenotype. The findings indicate the potential clinical value of including evaluation of motor skills within early autism surveillance measures. LAY SUMMARY: This prospective study evaluated motor development over a 6-month period in infants showing early behavioral signs of autism. Atypical motor development was a common feature of infants showing early signs of autism and persistent fine motor difficulties were predictive of the emerging autism phenotype. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2545 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449 The effects of a course of intranasal oxytocin on social behaviors in youth diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders: a randomized controlled trial / Adam J. GUASTELLA in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-4 (April 2015)
[article]
Titre : The effects of a course of intranasal oxytocin on social behaviors in youth diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders: a randomized controlled trial Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Adam J. GUASTELLA, Auteur ; Kylie M. GRAY, Auteur ; Nicole J. RINEHART, Auteur ; Gail A. ALVARES, Auteur ; Bruce J. TONGE, Auteur ; Ian B. HICKIE, Auteur ; Caroline M. KEATING, Auteur ; Cristina CACCIOTTI-SAIJA, Auteur ; Stewart L. EINFELD, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.444-452 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Social cognition neuropeptides developmental disorder emotion recognition placebo-controlled Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background There is increasing interest in oxytocin as a therapeutic to treat social deficits in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of a course of oxytocin nasal spray to improve social behavior in youth with ASD. Methods In a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial across two Australian university sites between February 2009 and January 2012, 50 male participants aged between 12 and 18 years, with Autistic or Asperger's Disorder, were randomized to receive either oxytocin (n = 26) or placebo (n = 24) nasal sprays (either 18 or 24 International Units), administered twice-daily for 8 weeks. Participants were assessed at baseline, after 4- and 8-weeks of treatment, and at 3-month follow-up. Primary outcomes were change in total scores on the caregiver-completed Social Responsiveness Scale and clinician-ratings on the Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement scale. Secondary assessments included caregiver reports of repetitive and other developmental behaviors and social cognition. Clinical trial registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry www.anzctr.org.au ACTRN12609000513213. Results Participants who received oxytocin showed no benefit following treatment on primary or secondary outcomes. However, caregivers who believed their children received oxytocin reported greater improvements compared to caregivers who believed their child received placebo. Nasal sprays were well tolerated and there was no evidence of increased side effects resulting from oxytocin administration. Conclusions This is the first evaluation of the efficacy for a course of oxytocin treatment for youth with ASD. Although results did not suggest clinical efficacy, further research is needed to explore alternative delivery methods, earlier age of intervention, and the influence of caregiver expectation on treatment response. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12305 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-4 (April 2015) . - p.444-452[article] The effects of a course of intranasal oxytocin on social behaviors in youth diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders: a randomized controlled trial [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Adam J. GUASTELLA, Auteur ; Kylie M. GRAY, Auteur ; Nicole J. RINEHART, Auteur ; Gail A. ALVARES, Auteur ; Bruce J. TONGE, Auteur ; Ian B. HICKIE, Auteur ; Caroline M. KEATING, Auteur ; Cristina CACCIOTTI-SAIJA, Auteur ; Stewart L. EINFELD, Auteur . - p.444-452.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-4 (April 2015) . - p.444-452
Mots-clés : Social cognition neuropeptides developmental disorder emotion recognition placebo-controlled Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background There is increasing interest in oxytocin as a therapeutic to treat social deficits in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of a course of oxytocin nasal spray to improve social behavior in youth with ASD. Methods In a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial across two Australian university sites between February 2009 and January 2012, 50 male participants aged between 12 and 18 years, with Autistic or Asperger's Disorder, were randomized to receive either oxytocin (n = 26) or placebo (n = 24) nasal sprays (either 18 or 24 International Units), administered twice-daily for 8 weeks. Participants were assessed at baseline, after 4- and 8-weeks of treatment, and at 3-month follow-up. Primary outcomes were change in total scores on the caregiver-completed Social Responsiveness Scale and clinician-ratings on the Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement scale. Secondary assessments included caregiver reports of repetitive and other developmental behaviors and social cognition. Clinical trial registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry www.anzctr.org.au ACTRN12609000513213. Results Participants who received oxytocin showed no benefit following treatment on primary or secondary outcomes. However, caregivers who believed their children received oxytocin reported greater improvements compared to caregivers who believed their child received placebo. Nasal sprays were well tolerated and there was no evidence of increased side effects resulting from oxytocin administration. Conclusions This is the first evaluation of the efficacy for a course of oxytocin treatment for youth with ASD. Although results did not suggest clinical efficacy, further research is needed to explore alternative delivery methods, earlier age of intervention, and the influence of caregiver expectation on treatment response. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12305 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260 The misnomer of 'high functioning autism': Intelligence is an imprecise predictor of functional abilities at diagnosis / Gail A. ALVARES in Autism, 24-1 (January 2020)
[article]
Titre : The misnomer of 'high functioning autism': Intelligence is an imprecise predictor of functional abilities at diagnosis Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Gail A. ALVARES, Auteur ; Keely BEBBINGTON, Auteur ; D. CLEARY, Auteur ; K. EVANS, Auteur ; E. J. GLASSON, Auteur ; M. T. MAYBERY, Auteur ; S. PILLAR, Auteur ; M. ULJAREVIC, Auteur ; Kandice J. VARCIN, Auteur ; J. WRAY, Auteur ; Andrew J. O. WHITEHOUSE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.221-232 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adaptive behaviour autism spectrum disorders cognitive impairment intellectual disability Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : 'High functioning autism' is a term often used for individuals with autism spectrum disorder without an intellectual disability. Over time, this term has become synonymous with expectations of greater functional skills and better long-term outcomes, despite contradictory clinical observations. This study investigated the relationship between adaptive behaviour, cognitive estimates (intelligence quotient) and age at diagnosis in autism spectrum disorder. Participants (n = 2225, 1-18 years of age) were notified at diagnosis to a prospective register and grouped by presence (n = 1041) or absence (n = 1184) of intellectual disability. Functional abilities were reported using the Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scales. Regression models suggested that intelligence quotient was a weak predictor of Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scales after controlling for sex. Whereas the intellectual disability group's adaptive behaviour estimates were close to reported intelligence quotients, Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scales scores fell significantly below intelligence quotients for children without intellectual disability. The gap between intelligence quotient and Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scales scores remained large with increasing age at diagnosis for all children. These data indicate that estimates from intelligence quotient alone are an imprecise proxy for functional abilities when diagnosing autism spectrum disorder, particularly for those without intellectual disability. We argue that 'high functioning autism' is an inaccurate clinical descriptor when based solely on intelligence quotient demarcations and this term should be abandoned in research and clinical practice. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361319852831 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=414
in Autism > 24-1 (January 2020) . - p.221-232[article] The misnomer of 'high functioning autism': Intelligence is an imprecise predictor of functional abilities at diagnosis [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Gail A. ALVARES, Auteur ; Keely BEBBINGTON, Auteur ; D. CLEARY, Auteur ; K. EVANS, Auteur ; E. J. GLASSON, Auteur ; M. T. MAYBERY, Auteur ; S. PILLAR, Auteur ; M. ULJAREVIC, Auteur ; Kandice J. VARCIN, Auteur ; J. WRAY, Auteur ; Andrew J. O. WHITEHOUSE, Auteur . - p.221-232.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism > 24-1 (January 2020) . - p.221-232
Mots-clés : adaptive behaviour autism spectrum disorders cognitive impairment intellectual disability Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : 'High functioning autism' is a term often used for individuals with autism spectrum disorder without an intellectual disability. Over time, this term has become synonymous with expectations of greater functional skills and better long-term outcomes, despite contradictory clinical observations. This study investigated the relationship between adaptive behaviour, cognitive estimates (intelligence quotient) and age at diagnosis in autism spectrum disorder. Participants (n = 2225, 1-18 years of age) were notified at diagnosis to a prospective register and grouped by presence (n = 1041) or absence (n = 1184) of intellectual disability. Functional abilities were reported using the Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scales. Regression models suggested that intelligence quotient was a weak predictor of Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scales after controlling for sex. Whereas the intellectual disability group's adaptive behaviour estimates were close to reported intelligence quotients, Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scales scores fell significantly below intelligence quotients for children without intellectual disability. The gap between intelligence quotient and Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scales scores remained large with increasing age at diagnosis for all children. These data indicate that estimates from intelligence quotient alone are an imprecise proxy for functional abilities when diagnosing autism spectrum disorder, particularly for those without intellectual disability. We argue that 'high functioning autism' is an inaccurate clinical descriptor when based solely on intelligence quotient demarcations and this term should be abandoned in research and clinical practice. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361319852831 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=414 Understanding the heterogeneity of anxiety in autistic youth: A person-centered approach / Emily SPACKMAN in Autism Research, 15-9 (September 2022)
[article]
Titre : Understanding the heterogeneity of anxiety in autistic youth: A person-centered approach Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Emily SPACKMAN, Auteur ; Jian Wei LERH, Auteur ; Jacqui RODGERS, Auteur ; Matthew J. HOLLOCKS, Auteur ; Mikle SOUTH, Auteur ; Helen MCCONACHIE, Auteur ; Ann OZSIVADJIAN, Auteur ; Amy VAUGHAN VAN HECKE, Auteur ; Robin LIBOVE, Auteur ; Antonio Y. HARDAN, Auteur ; Susan R. LEEKAM, Auteur ; Emily SIMONOFF, Auteur ; Thomas W. FRAZIER, Auteur ; Gail A. ALVARES, Auteur ; Jessica M. SCHWARTZMAN, Auteur ; Iliana MAGIATI, Auteur ; Mirko ULJAREVIĆ, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1742-1754 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescent Anxiety/complications/psychology Anxiety Disorders/psychology Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications/epidemiology/psychology Autistic Disorder Child Child Development Disorders, Pervasive Child, Preschool Female Humans anxiety autism individual differences latent profile analysis subtyping Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The present study aimed to examine anxiety profiles among children and adolescents on the autism spectrum. It further aimed to characterize the association between the identified anxiety profiles and key clinical and developmental variables. The Spence Children's Anxiety Scale-Parent Version (SCAS-P) data from a large international pooled sample of 870 caregivers of autistic children and adolescents (M(age)  = 11.6years, SD(age)  = 2.77; 107 females) was used. Latent profile analysis identified a three-anxiety profile solution exhibiting high entropy (0.80) and high latent profile probabilities, with good classification accuracy. Identified profiles fell along the severity spectrum and were named as the mild (n = 498), moderate (n = 272) and severe (n= 100) anxiety profiles. There were no statistically significant differences between the three anxiety profiles in terms of sex distribution. Participants in the mild profile were significantly younger than those in the severe profile, had significantly fewer social communication difficulties than youth in the moderate anxiety profile group and had significantly fewer restricted and repetitive behaviors and lower cognitive functioning scores compared to participants in moderate and severe anxiety profiles. This is the first study to move beyond identifying associations and group-level differences to exploring and identifying characteristics of anxiety-based subgroups at an individual level that differ on key clinical and developmental variables. The subgroups identified in this study are a preliminary, yet important, first step towards informing future assessment and individualized interventions aiming to support young people on the autism spectrum to reduce and manage anxiety. LAY SUMMARY: This study tried to understand if there are subgroups of autistic young people who may have similar anxiety profiles. We found that we could meaningfully group young people into three groups based on how severe the anxiety symptoms their caregivers reported were: a group with low levels of anxiety, those with moderate anxiety, and those with more severe anxiety. We also found that the young people in the mild group were younger, had fewer autism traits and lower levels of intellectual functioning than young people in the other two groups. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2744 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=483
in Autism Research > 15-9 (September 2022) . - p.1742-1754[article] Understanding the heterogeneity of anxiety in autistic youth: A person-centered approach [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Emily SPACKMAN, Auteur ; Jian Wei LERH, Auteur ; Jacqui RODGERS, Auteur ; Matthew J. HOLLOCKS, Auteur ; Mikle SOUTH, Auteur ; Helen MCCONACHIE, Auteur ; Ann OZSIVADJIAN, Auteur ; Amy VAUGHAN VAN HECKE, Auteur ; Robin LIBOVE, Auteur ; Antonio Y. HARDAN, Auteur ; Susan R. LEEKAM, Auteur ; Emily SIMONOFF, Auteur ; Thomas W. FRAZIER, Auteur ; Gail A. ALVARES, Auteur ; Jessica M. SCHWARTZMAN, Auteur ; Iliana MAGIATI, Auteur ; Mirko ULJAREVIĆ, Auteur . - p.1742-1754.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 15-9 (September 2022) . - p.1742-1754
Mots-clés : Adolescent Anxiety/complications/psychology Anxiety Disorders/psychology Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications/epidemiology/psychology Autistic Disorder Child Child Development Disorders, Pervasive Child, Preschool Female Humans anxiety autism individual differences latent profile analysis subtyping Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The present study aimed to examine anxiety profiles among children and adolescents on the autism spectrum. It further aimed to characterize the association between the identified anxiety profiles and key clinical and developmental variables. The Spence Children's Anxiety Scale-Parent Version (SCAS-P) data from a large international pooled sample of 870 caregivers of autistic children and adolescents (M(age)  = 11.6years, SD(age)  = 2.77; 107 females) was used. Latent profile analysis identified a three-anxiety profile solution exhibiting high entropy (0.80) and high latent profile probabilities, with good classification accuracy. Identified profiles fell along the severity spectrum and were named as the mild (n = 498), moderate (n = 272) and severe (n= 100) anxiety profiles. There were no statistically significant differences between the three anxiety profiles in terms of sex distribution. Participants in the mild profile were significantly younger than those in the severe profile, had significantly fewer social communication difficulties than youth in the moderate anxiety profile group and had significantly fewer restricted and repetitive behaviors and lower cognitive functioning scores compared to participants in moderate and severe anxiety profiles. This is the first study to move beyond identifying associations and group-level differences to exploring and identifying characteristics of anxiety-based subgroups at an individual level that differ on key clinical and developmental variables. The subgroups identified in this study are a preliminary, yet important, first step towards informing future assessment and individualized interventions aiming to support young people on the autism spectrum to reduce and manage anxiety. LAY SUMMARY: This study tried to understand if there are subgroups of autistic young people who may have similar anxiety profiles. We found that we could meaningfully group young people into three groups based on how severe the anxiety symptoms their caregivers reported were: a group with low levels of anxiety, those with moderate anxiety, and those with more severe anxiety. We also found that the young people in the mild group were younger, had fewer autism traits and lower levels of intellectual functioning than young people in the other two groups. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2744 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=483