Dépouillements

Editorial: Integrating neurobiological, genetic, and environmental risk factors in cognitive and behavioral conditions / Stephen A. PETRILL in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54-1 (January 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-1 (January 2013) . - 1-2 Titre : Editorial: Integrating neurobiological, genetic, and environmental risk factors in cognitive and behavioral conditions Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Stephen A. PETRILL, Auteur Article en page(s) : 1-2 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12038 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=186 [article] Editorial: Integrating neurobiological, genetic, and environmental risk factors in cognitive and behavioral conditions [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Stephen A. PETRILL, Auteur . - 1-2. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-1 (January 2013) . - 1-2 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12038 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=186

Practitioner Review: What have we learnt about the causes of ADHD? / Anita THAPAR in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54-1 (January 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-1 (January 2013) . - 3-16 Titre : Practitioner Review: What have we learnt about the causes of ADHD? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Anita THAPAR, Auteur ; Miriam COOPER, Auteur ; Olga EYRE, Auteur ; Kate LANGLEY, Auteur Article en page(s) : 3-16 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ADHD  genetics  risk factors  perinatal  prenatal  aetiology  environmental?gene interactions Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and its possible causes still attract controversy. Genes, pre and perinatal risks, psychosocial factors and environmental toxins have all been considered as potential risk factors. Method: This review (focussing on literature published since 1997, selected from a search of PubMed) critically considers putative risk factors with a focus on genetics and selected environmental risks, examines their relationships with ADHD and discusses the likelihood that these risks are causal as well as some of the main implications. Results: No single risk factor explains ADHD. Both inherited and noninherited factors contribute and their effects are interdependent. ADHD is familial and heritable. Research into the inherited and molecular genetic contributions to ADHD suggest an important overlap with other neurodevelopmental problems, notably, autism spectrum disorders. Having a biological relative with ADHD, large, rare copy number variants, some small effect size candidate gene variants, extreme early adversity, pre and postnatal exposure to lead and low birth weight/prematurity have been most consistently found as risk factors, but none are yet known to be definitely causal. There is a large literature documenting associations between ADHD and a wide variety of putative environmental risks that can, at present, only be regarded as correlates. Findings from research designs that go beyond simply testing for association are beginning to contest the robustness of some environmental exposures previously thought to be ADHD risk factors. Conclusions: The genetic risks implicated in ADHD generally tend to have small effect sizes or be rare and often increase risk of many other types of psychopathology. Thus, they cannot be used for prediction, genetic testing or diagnostic purposes beyond what is predicted by a family history. There is a need to consider the possibility of parents and siblings being similarly affected and how this might impact on engagement with families, influence interventions and require integration with adult services. Genetic contributions to disorder do not necessarily mean that medications are the treatment of choice. We also consider how findings might influence the conceptualisation of ADHD, public health policy implications and why it is unhelpful and incorrect to dichotomise genetic/biological and environmental explanations. It is essential that practitioners can interpret genetic and aetiological research findings and impart informed explanations to families. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02611.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=186 [article] Practitioner Review: What have we learnt about the causes of ADHD? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Anita THAPAR, Auteur ; Miriam COOPER, Auteur ; Olga EYRE, Auteur ; Kate LANGLEY, Auteur . - 3-16. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-1 (January 2013) . - 3-16 Mots-clés : ADHD  genetics  risk factors  perinatal  prenatal  aetiology  environmental?gene interactions Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and its possible causes still attract controversy. Genes, pre and perinatal risks, psychosocial factors and environmental toxins have all been considered as potential risk factors. Method: This review (focussing on literature published since 1997, selected from a search of PubMed) critically considers putative risk factors with a focus on genetics and selected environmental risks, examines their relationships with ADHD and discusses the likelihood that these risks are causal as well as some of the main implications. Results: No single risk factor explains ADHD. Both inherited and noninherited factors contribute and their effects are interdependent. ADHD is familial and heritable. Research into the inherited and molecular genetic contributions to ADHD suggest an important overlap with other neurodevelopmental problems, notably, autism spectrum disorders. Having a biological relative with ADHD, large, rare copy number variants, some small effect size candidate gene variants, extreme early adversity, pre and postnatal exposure to lead and low birth weight/prematurity have been most consistently found as risk factors, but none are yet known to be definitely causal. There is a large literature documenting associations between ADHD and a wide variety of putative environmental risks that can, at present, only be regarded as correlates. Findings from research designs that go beyond simply testing for association are beginning to contest the robustness of some environmental exposures previously thought to be ADHD risk factors. Conclusions: The genetic risks implicated in ADHD generally tend to have small effect sizes or be rare and often increase risk of many other types of psychopathology. Thus, they cannot be used for prediction, genetic testing or diagnostic purposes beyond what is predicted by a family history. There is a need to consider the possibility of parents and siblings being similarly affected and how this might impact on engagement with families, influence interventions and require integration with adult services. Genetic contributions to disorder do not necessarily mean that medications are the treatment of choice. We also consider how findings might influence the conceptualisation of ADHD, public health policy implications and why it is unhelpful and incorrect to dichotomise genetic/biological and environmental explanations. It is essential that practitioners can interpret genetic and aetiological research findings and impart informed explanations to families. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02611.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=186

Research Review: Psychosocial adjustment and mental health in former child soldiers ? a systematic review of the literature and recommendations for future research / Theresa S. BETANCOURT in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54-1 (January 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-1 (January 2013) . - 17-36 Titre : Research Review: Psychosocial adjustment and mental health in former child soldiers ? a systematic review of the literature and recommendations for future research Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Theresa S. BETANCOURT, Auteur ; Ivelina BORISOVA, Auteur ; Timothy P. WILLIAMS, Auteur ; Sarah E. MEYERS-OHKI, Auteur ; Julia E. RUBIN-SMITH, Auteur ; Jeannie ANNAN, Auteur ; Brandon A. KOHRT, Auteur Article en page(s) : 17-36 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Violence  resilience  risk factors  child soldiers  war Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Aims and scope: This article reviews the available quantitative research on psychosocial adjustment and mental health among children (age 18 years) associated with armed forces and armed groups (CAAFAG) ? commonly referred to as child soldiers. Methods: PRISMA standards for systematic reviews were used to search PubMed, PsycInfo, JSTOR, and Sociological Abstracts in February 2012 for all articles on former child soldiers and CAAFAG. Twenty-one quantitative studies from 10 countries were analyzed for author, year of publication, journal, objectives, design, selection population, setting, instruments, prevalence estimates, and associations with war experiences. Opinion pieces, editorials, and qualitative studies were deemed beyond the scope of this study. Quality of evidence was rated according to the Systematic Assessment of Quality in Observational Research (SAQOR). Findings: According to SAQOR criteria, among the available published studies, eight studies were of high quality, four were of moderate quality, and the remaining nine were of low quality. Common limitations were lack of validated mental health measures, unclear methodology including undefined sampling approaches, and failure to report missing data. Only five studies included a comparison group of youth not involved with armed forces/armed groups, and only five studies assessed mental health at more than one point in time. Across studies, a number of risk and protective factors were associated with postconflict psychosocial adjustment and social reintegration in CAAFAG. Abduction, age of conscription, exposure to violence, gender, and community stigma were associated with increased internalizing and externalizing mental health problems. Family acceptance, social support, and educational/economic opportunities were associated with improved psychosocial adjustment. Conclusions: Research on the social reintegration and psychosocial adjustment of former child soldiers is nascent. A number of gaps in the available literature warrant future study. Recommendations to bolster the evidence base on psychosocial adjustment in former child soldiers and other war-affected youth include more studies comprising longitudinal study designs, and validated cross-cultural instruments for assessing mental health, as well as more integrated community-based approaches to study design and research monitoring. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02620.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=186 [article] Research Review: Psychosocial adjustment and mental health in former child soldiers ? a systematic review of the literature and recommendations for future research [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Theresa S. BETANCOURT, Auteur ; Ivelina BORISOVA, Auteur ; Timothy P. WILLIAMS, Auteur ; Sarah E. MEYERS-OHKI, Auteur ; Julia E. RUBIN-SMITH, Auteur ; Jeannie ANNAN, Auteur ; Brandon A. KOHRT, Auteur . - 17-36. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-1 (January 2013) . - 17-36 Mots-clés : Violence  resilience  risk factors  child soldiers  war Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Aims and scope: This article reviews the available quantitative research on psychosocial adjustment and mental health among children (age 18 years) associated with armed forces and armed groups (CAAFAG) ? commonly referred to as child soldiers. Methods: PRISMA standards for systematic reviews were used to search PubMed, PsycInfo, JSTOR, and Sociological Abstracts in February 2012 for all articles on former child soldiers and CAAFAG. Twenty-one quantitative studies from 10 countries were analyzed for author, year of publication, journal, objectives, design, selection population, setting, instruments, prevalence estimates, and associations with war experiences. Opinion pieces, editorials, and qualitative studies were deemed beyond the scope of this study. Quality of evidence was rated according to the Systematic Assessment of Quality in Observational Research (SAQOR). Findings: According to SAQOR criteria, among the available published studies, eight studies were of high quality, four were of moderate quality, and the remaining nine were of low quality. Common limitations were lack of validated mental health measures, unclear methodology including undefined sampling approaches, and failure to report missing data. Only five studies included a comparison group of youth not involved with armed forces/armed groups, and only five studies assessed mental health at more than one point in time. Across studies, a number of risk and protective factors were associated with postconflict psychosocial adjustment and social reintegration in CAAFAG. Abduction, age of conscription, exposure to violence, gender, and community stigma were associated with increased internalizing and externalizing mental health problems. Family acceptance, social support, and educational/economic opportunities were associated with improved psychosocial adjustment. Conclusions: Research on the social reintegration and psychosocial adjustment of former child soldiers is nascent. A number of gaps in the available literature warrant future study. Recommendations to bolster the evidence base on psychosocial adjustment in former child soldiers and other war-affected youth include more studies comprising longitudinal study designs, and validated cross-cultural instruments for assessing mental health, as well as more integrated community-based approaches to study design and research monitoring. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02620.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=186

The effect of early deprivation on executive attention in middle childhood / Michelle M. LOMAN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54-1 (January 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-1 (January 2013) . - 37-45 Titre : The effect of early deprivation on executive attention in middle childhood Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Michelle M. LOMAN, Auteur ; Anna E. JOHNSON, Auteur ; Alissa WESTERLUND, Auteur ; Seth D. POLLAK, Auteur ; Charles A. III NELSON, Auteur ; Megan R. GUNNAR, Auteur Article en page(s) : 37-45 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Attention  event-related potentials  executive function  international adoption  institutional care Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Children reared in deprived environments, such as institutions for the care of orphaned or abandoned children, are at increased risk for attention and behavior regulation difficulties. This study examined the neurobehavioral correlates of executive attention in post institutionalized (PI) children. Methods: The performance and event-related potentials (ERPs) of 10- and 11-year-old internationally adopted PI children on two executive attention tasks, Go/No-go and Flanker, were compared with two groups: children internationally adopted early from foster care (PF) and nonadopted children (NA). Results: Behavioral measures suggested problems with sustained attention, with PIs performing more poorly on Go trials and not on No-go trials of the Go/No-go and made more errors on both congruent and incongruent trials on the Flanker. ERPs suggested differences in inhibitory control and error monitoring, as PIs had smaller N2 amplitude on Go/No-go and smaller error-related negativity on Flanker. Conclusions: This pattern of results raises questions regarding the nature of attention difficulties for PI children. The behavioral errors are not specific to executive attention and instead likely reflect difficulties in overall sustained attention. The ERP results are consistent with neural activity related to deficits in inhibitory control (N2) and error monitoring (error-related negativity). Questions emerge regarding the similarity of attention regulatory difficulties in PIs to those experienced by non-PI children with ADHD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02602.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=186 [article] The effect of early deprivation on executive attention in middle childhood [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Michelle M. LOMAN, Auteur ; Anna E. JOHNSON, Auteur ; Alissa WESTERLUND, Auteur ; Seth D. POLLAK, Auteur ; Charles A. III NELSON, Auteur ; Megan R. GUNNAR, Auteur . - 37-45. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-1 (January 2013) . - 37-45 Mots-clés : Attention  event-related potentials  executive function  international adoption  institutional care Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Children reared in deprived environments, such as institutions for the care of orphaned or abandoned children, are at increased risk for attention and behavior regulation difficulties. This study examined the neurobehavioral correlates of executive attention in post institutionalized (PI) children. Methods: The performance and event-related potentials (ERPs) of 10- and 11-year-old internationally adopted PI children on two executive attention tasks, Go/No-go and Flanker, were compared with two groups: children internationally adopted early from foster care (PF) and nonadopted children (NA). Results: Behavioral measures suggested problems with sustained attention, with PIs performing more poorly on Go trials and not on No-go trials of the Go/No-go and made more errors on both congruent and incongruent trials on the Flanker. ERPs suggested differences in inhibitory control and error monitoring, as PIs had smaller N2 amplitude on Go/No-go and smaller error-related negativity on Flanker. Conclusions: This pattern of results raises questions regarding the nature of attention difficulties for PI children. The behavioral errors are not specific to executive attention and instead likely reflect difficulties in overall sustained attention. The ERP results are consistent with neural activity related to deficits in inhibitory control (N2) and error monitoring (error-related negativity). Questions emerge regarding the similarity of attention regulatory difficulties in PIs to those experienced by non-PI children with ADHD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02602.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=186

The impact of peer victimization on later maladjustment: mediating and moderating effects of hostile and self-blaming attributions / Sonja PERREN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54-1 (January 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-1 (January 2013) . - 46-55 Titre : The impact of peer victimization on later maladjustment: mediating and moderating effects of hostile and self-blaming attributions Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sonja PERREN, Auteur ; Idean ETTEKAL, Auteur ; Gary LADD, Auteur Article en page(s) : 46-55 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Peer victimization  hostile attributions  self-blame  internalizing problems  externalizing problems Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Evidence indicates that being a victim of bullying or peer aggression has negative short- and long-term consequences. In this study, we investigated the mediating and moderating role of two types of attributional mechanisms (hostile and self-blaming attributions) on children?s maladjustment (externalizing and internalizing problems). Methods: In total, 478 children participated in this longitudinal study from grade 5 to grade 7. Children, parents, and teachers repeatedly completed questionnaires. Peer victimization was assessed through peer reports (T1). Attributions were assessed through self-reports using hypothetical scenarios (T2). Parents and teachers reported on children?s maladjustment (T1 and T3). Results: Peer victimization predicted increases in externalizing and internalizing problems. Hostile attributions partially mediated the impact of victimization on increases in externalizing problems. Self-blame was not associated with peer victimization. However, for children with higher levels of self-blaming attributions, peer victimization was linked more strongly with increases in internalizing problems. Conclusions: Results imply that hostile attributions may operate as a potential mechanism through which negative experiences with peers lead to increases in children?s aggressive and delinquent behavior, whereas self-blame exacerbates victimization?s effects on internalizing problems. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02618.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=186 [article] The impact of peer victimization on later maladjustment: mediating and moderating effects of hostile and self-blaming attributions [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sonja PERREN, Auteur ; Idean ETTEKAL, Auteur ; Gary LADD, Auteur . - 46-55. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-1 (January 2013) . - 46-55 Mots-clés : Peer victimization  hostile attributions  self-blame  internalizing problems  externalizing problems Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Evidence indicates that being a victim of bullying or peer aggression has negative short- and long-term consequences. In this study, we investigated the mediating and moderating role of two types of attributional mechanisms (hostile and self-blaming attributions) on children?s maladjustment (externalizing and internalizing problems). Methods: In total, 478 children participated in this longitudinal study from grade 5 to grade 7. Children, parents, and teachers repeatedly completed questionnaires. Peer victimization was assessed through peer reports (T1). Attributions were assessed through self-reports using hypothetical scenarios (T2). Parents and teachers reported on children?s maladjustment (T1 and T3). Results: Peer victimization predicted increases in externalizing and internalizing problems. Hostile attributions partially mediated the impact of victimization on increases in externalizing problems. Self-blame was not associated with peer victimization. However, for children with higher levels of self-blaming attributions, peer victimization was linked more strongly with increases in internalizing problems. Conclusions: Results imply that hostile attributions may operate as a potential mechanism through which negative experiences with peers lead to increases in children?s aggressive and delinquent behavior, whereas self-blame exacerbates victimization?s effects on internalizing problems. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02618.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=186

Do early father?infant interactions predict the onset of externalising behaviours in young children? Findings from a longitudinal cohort study / Paul G. RAMCHANDANI in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54-1 (January 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-1 (January 2013) . - 56-64 Titre : Do early father?infant interactions predict the onset of externalising behaviours in young children? Findings from a longitudinal cohort study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Paul G. RAMCHANDANI, Auteur ; Jill DOMONEY, Auteur ; Vaheshta SETHNA, Auteur ; Lamprini PSYCHOGIOU, Auteur ; Haido VLACHOS, Auteur ; Lynne MURRAY, Auteur Article en page(s) : 56-64 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Child behaviour  parent-child interaction  fathers Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Factors related to parents and parenting capacities are important predictors of the development of behavioural problems in children. Recently, there has been an increasing research focus in this field on the earliest years of life, however, relatively few studies have addressed the role of fathers, despite this appearing to be particularly pertinent to child behavioural development. This study aimed to examine whether father?infant interactions at age 3 months independently predicted child behavioural problems at 1 year of age. Method: A sample of 192 families was recruited from two maternity units in the United Kingdom. Father?infant interactions were assessed in the family home and coded using the Global Rating Scales. Child behaviour problems were assessed by maternal report. Hierarchical and logistic regression analyses were used to examine associations between father?infant interaction and the development of behavioural problems. Results: Disengaged and remote interactions between fathers and their infants were found to predict externalising behavioural problems at the age of 1 year. The children of the most disengaged fathers had an increased risk of developing early externalising behavioural problems [disengaged (nonintrusive) interactions ? adjusted Odds Ratio 5.33 (95% Confidence Interval; 1.39, 20.40): remote interactions adj. OR 3.32 (0.92, 12.05)] Conclusions: Disengaged interactions of fathers with their infants, as early as the third month of life, predict early behavioural problems in children. These interactions may be critical factors to address, from a very early age in the child?s life, and offer a potential opportunity for preventive intervention. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02583.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=186 [article] Do early father?infant interactions predict the onset of externalising behaviours in young children? Findings from a longitudinal cohort study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Paul G. RAMCHANDANI, Auteur ; Jill DOMONEY, Auteur ; Vaheshta SETHNA, Auteur ; Lamprini PSYCHOGIOU, Auteur ; Haido VLACHOS, Auteur ; Lynne MURRAY, Auteur . - 56-64. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-1 (January 2013) . - 56-64 Mots-clés : Child behaviour  parent-child interaction  fathers Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Factors related to parents and parenting capacities are important predictors of the development of behavioural problems in children. Recently, there has been an increasing research focus in this field on the earliest years of life, however, relatively few studies have addressed the role of fathers, despite this appearing to be particularly pertinent to child behavioural development. This study aimed to examine whether father?infant interactions at age 3 months independently predicted child behavioural problems at 1 year of age. Method: A sample of 192 families was recruited from two maternity units in the United Kingdom. Father?infant interactions were assessed in the family home and coded using the Global Rating Scales. Child behaviour problems were assessed by maternal report. Hierarchical and logistic regression analyses were used to examine associations between father?infant interaction and the development of behavioural problems. Results: Disengaged and remote interactions between fathers and their infants were found to predict externalising behavioural problems at the age of 1 year. The children of the most disengaged fathers had an increased risk of developing early externalising behavioural problems [disengaged (nonintrusive) interactions ? adjusted Odds Ratio 5.33 (95% Confidence Interval; 1.39, 20.40): remote interactions adj. OR 3.32 (0.92, 12.05)] Conclusions: Disengaged interactions of fathers with their infants, as early as the third month of life, predict early behavioural problems in children. These interactions may be critical factors to address, from a very early age in the child?s life, and offer a potential opportunity for preventive intervention. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02583.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=186

Commentary: Early father?infant interaction and externalizing behaviors ? a response to Ramchandani et al. (2013) / Daniel S. SHAW in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54-1 (January 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-1 (January 2013) . - 65-66 Titre : Commentary: Early father?infant interaction and externalizing behaviors ? a response to Ramchandani et al. (2013) Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Daniel S. SHAW, Auteur Article en page(s) : 65-66 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Externalising behaviour: parent-child interaction  fathers Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Many researchers have attempted to uncover the precise contribution of fathers to childrearing in relation to both young and older children?s development during the past five decades (Lamb, 1975), including during the infancy period (Parke O?Leary. S, 1975). However, few have been able to isolate precise mechanisms by which specific types of paternal childrearing practices may be linked to specific types of prosocial and problem behavior. The current paper by Ramchandani et al. (2013) breaks new ground in identifying a precise dimension of paternal parenting during early infancy - engagement - and linking it to maternal reports of infant externalizing problem behavior. Importantly, this association was found after accounting for the influence of several child, paternal, and maternal characteristics, including observed maternal sensitivity. Specifically, the authors found that fathers observed to be less engaging with their 3-month olds were reported by mothers to show fewer disruptive problems 9 months later. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12011 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=186 [article] Commentary: Early father?infant interaction and externalizing behaviors ? a response to Ramchandani et al. (2013) [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Daniel S. SHAW, Auteur . - 65-66. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-1 (January 2013) . - 65-66 Mots-clés : Externalising behaviour: parent-child interaction  fathers Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Many researchers have attempted to uncover the precise contribution of fathers to childrearing in relation to both young and older children?s development during the past five decades (Lamb, 1975), including during the infancy period (Parke O?Leary. S, 1975). However, few have been able to isolate precise mechanisms by which specific types of paternal childrearing practices may be linked to specific types of prosocial and problem behavior. The current paper by Ramchandani et al. (2013) breaks new ground in identifying a precise dimension of paternal parenting during early infancy - engagement - and linking it to maternal reports of infant externalizing problem behavior. Importantly, this association was found after accounting for the influence of several child, paternal, and maternal characteristics, including observed maternal sensitivity. Specifically, the authors found that fathers observed to be less engaging with their 3-month olds were reported by mothers to show fewer disruptive problems 9 months later. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12011 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=186

Common genetic and nonshared environmental factors contribute to the association between socioemotional dispositions and the externalizing factor in children / Jeanette TAYLOR in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54-1 (January 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-1 (January 2013) . - 67-76 Titre : Common genetic and nonshared environmental factors contribute to the association between socioemotional dispositions and the externalizing factor in children Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jeanette TAYLOR, Auteur ; Nicholas P. ALLAN, Auteur ; Amy J. MIKOLAJEWSKI, Auteur ; Sara A. HART, Auteur Article en page(s) : 67-76 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Externalizing  genetic  temperament  dispositions; Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Childhood behavioral disorders including conduct disorder (CD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often co-occur. Prior twin research shows that common sets of genetic and environmental factors are associated with these various disorders and they form a latent factor called Externalizing. The developmental propensity model posits that CD develops in part from socioemotional dispositions of Prosociality, Negative Emotionality, and Daring; and recent research has supported the expected genetic and environmental associations between these dispositions and CD. This study examined the developmental propensity model in relation to the broader Externalizing factor that represents the covariance among behavior disorders in children. Methods: Parents of 686 six- to twelve-year-old twin pairs rated them on symptoms of CD, ADHD, and ODD using the disruptive behavior disorder scale and on Prosociality, Negative Emotionality, and Daring using the Child and Adolescent Dispositions Scale. A latent factor multivariate Cholesky model was used with each disposition latent factor comprised of respective questionnaire items and the Externalizing factor comprised of symptom dimensions of CD, ADHD inattention, ADHD hyperactivity/impulsivity, and ODD. Results: Results supported the hypothesis that the socioemotional dispositions and the Externalizing factor have genetic factors in common, but there was not a single genetic factor associated with all of the constructs. As expected, nonshared environment factors were shared by the dispositions and Externalizing factor but, again, no single nonshared environmental factor was common to all constructs. A shared environmental factor was associated with both Negative Emotionality and Externalizing. Conclusions: The developmental propensity model was supported and appears to extend to the broader externalizing spectrum of childhood disorders. Socioemotional dispositions of prosociality, negative emotionality, and (to a lesser extent) daring may contribute to the covariation among behavioral disorders and perhaps to their comorbid expression through common sets of primarily genetic but also environmental factors. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02621.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=186 [article] Common genetic and nonshared environmental factors contribute to the association between socioemotional dispositions and the externalizing factor in children [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jeanette TAYLOR, Auteur ; Nicholas P. ALLAN, Auteur ; Amy J. MIKOLAJEWSKI, Auteur ; Sara A. HART, Auteur . - 67-76. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-1 (January 2013) . - 67-76 Mots-clés : Externalizing  genetic  temperament  dispositions; Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Childhood behavioral disorders including conduct disorder (CD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often co-occur. Prior twin research shows that common sets of genetic and environmental factors are associated with these various disorders and they form a latent factor called Externalizing. The developmental propensity model posits that CD develops in part from socioemotional dispositions of Prosociality, Negative Emotionality, and Daring; and recent research has supported the expected genetic and environmental associations between these dispositions and CD. This study examined the developmental propensity model in relation to the broader Externalizing factor that represents the covariance among behavior disorders in children. Methods: Parents of 686 six- to twelve-year-old twin pairs rated them on symptoms of CD, ADHD, and ODD using the disruptive behavior disorder scale and on Prosociality, Negative Emotionality, and Daring using the Child and Adolescent Dispositions Scale. A latent factor multivariate Cholesky model was used with each disposition latent factor comprised of respective questionnaire items and the Externalizing factor comprised of symptom dimensions of CD, ADHD inattention, ADHD hyperactivity/impulsivity, and ODD. Results: Results supported the hypothesis that the socioemotional dispositions and the Externalizing factor have genetic factors in common, but there was not a single genetic factor associated with all of the constructs. As expected, nonshared environment factors were shared by the dispositions and Externalizing factor but, again, no single nonshared environmental factor was common to all constructs. A shared environmental factor was associated with both Negative Emotionality and Externalizing. Conclusions: The developmental propensity model was supported and appears to extend to the broader externalizing spectrum of childhood disorders. Socioemotional dispositions of prosociality, negative emotionality, and (to a lesser extent) daring may contribute to the covariation among behavioral disorders and perhaps to their comorbid expression through common sets of primarily genetic but also environmental factors. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02621.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=186

Gene-by-preschool interaction on the development of early externalizing problems / Elliot M. TUCKER-DROB in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54-1 (January 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-1 (January 2013) . - 77-85 Titre : Gene-by-preschool interaction on the development of early externalizing problems Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Elliot M. TUCKER-DROB, Auteur ; K. Paige HARDEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : 77-85 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Externalizing  preschool  behavioral genetics Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Preschool involves an array of new social experiences that may impact the development of early externalizing behavior problems over the transition to grade school. Methods: Using longitudinal data from a nationally representative sample of over 600 pairs of US twins, we tested whether the genetic and environmental influences on externalizing problems differed between children who did versus did not attend preschool. Results: At age 4, the genetic and environmental etiology of externalizing did not differ by preschool attendance. In contrast, by age 5 years (kindergarten age), the genetic and environmental etiology of externalizing significantly differed by preschool attendance. Among children who did not attend preschool, externalizing at age 5 was predominantly due to environmental influences (52% shared environment, 34% non-shared environment) rather than genetic differences (13%), whereas among children who had attended preschool, externalizing at age 5 was primarily due to genes (67%), and shared environmental influences were negligible (0%). These interactions represented the differential longitudinal persistence of genes and environments that contributed to externalizing at age 4. Sensitivity analyses ruled out confounding due to early mental ability, socioeconomic status, minority status, child age, and prior history of childcare. Conclusions: These results indicate that preschool enrollment is associated with increased genetic and decreased shared environmental influences on the development of early externalizing behavior problems. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02578.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=186 [article] Gene-by-preschool interaction on the development of early externalizing problems [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Elliot M. TUCKER-DROB, Auteur ; K. Paige HARDEN, Auteur . - 77-85. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-1 (January 2013) . - 77-85 Mots-clés : Externalizing  preschool  behavioral genetics Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Preschool involves an array of new social experiences that may impact the development of early externalizing behavior problems over the transition to grade school. Methods: Using longitudinal data from a nationally representative sample of over 600 pairs of US twins, we tested whether the genetic and environmental influences on externalizing problems differed between children who did versus did not attend preschool. Results: At age 4, the genetic and environmental etiology of externalizing did not differ by preschool attendance. In contrast, by age 5 years (kindergarten age), the genetic and environmental etiology of externalizing significantly differed by preschool attendance. Among children who did not attend preschool, externalizing at age 5 was predominantly due to environmental influences (52% shared environment, 34% non-shared environment) rather than genetic differences (13%), whereas among children who had attended preschool, externalizing at age 5 was primarily due to genes (67%), and shared environmental influences were negligible (0%). These interactions represented the differential longitudinal persistence of genes and environments that contributed to externalizing at age 4. Sensitivity analyses ruled out confounding due to early mental ability, socioeconomic status, minority status, child age, and prior history of childcare. Conclusions: These results indicate that preschool enrollment is associated with increased genetic and decreased shared environmental influences on the development of early externalizing behavior problems. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02578.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=186

Brain structure abnormalities in adolescent girls with conduct disorder / Graeme FAIRCHILD in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54-1 (January 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-1 (January 2013) . - 86-95 Titre : Brain structure abnormalities in adolescent girls with conduct disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Graeme FAIRCHILD, Auteur ; Cindy C. HAGAN, Auteur ; Nicholas D. WALSH, Auteur ; Luca PASSAMONTI, Auteur ; Andrew J. CALDER, Auteur ; Ian M. GOODYER, Auteur Article en page(s) : 86-95 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Conduct disorder  callous-unemotional traits  voxel-based morphometry  anterior insula  amygdala  sex differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Conduct disorder (CD) in female adolescents is associated with a range of negative outcomes, including teenage pregnancy and antisocial personality disorder. Although recent studies have documented changes in brain structure and function in male adolescents with CD, there have been no neuroimaging studies of female adolescents with CD. Our primary objective was to investigate whether female adolescents with CD show changes in grey matter volume. Our secondary aim was to assess for sex differences in the relationship between CD and brain structure. Methods: Female adolescents with CD (n = 22) and healthy control participants matched in age, performance IQ and handedness (n = 20) underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging. Group comparisons of grey matter volume were performed using voxel-based morphometry. We also tested for sex differences using archive data obtained from male CD and control participants. Results: Female adolescents with CD showed reduced bilateral anterior insula and right striatal grey matter volumes compared with healthy controls. Aggressive CD symptoms were negatively correlated with right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex volume, whereas callous-unemotional traits were positively correlated with bilateral orbitofrontal cortex volume. The sex differences analyses revealed a main effect of diagnosis on right amygdala volume (reflecting reduced amygdala volume in the combined CD group relative to controls) and sex-by-diagnosis interactions in bilateral anterior insula. Conclusions: We observed structural abnormalities in brain regions involved in emotion processing, reward and empathy in female adolescents with CD, which broadly overlap with those reported in previous studies of CD in male adolescents. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02617.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=186 [article] Brain structure abnormalities in adolescent girls with conduct disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Graeme FAIRCHILD, Auteur ; Cindy C. HAGAN, Auteur ; Nicholas D. WALSH, Auteur ; Luca PASSAMONTI, Auteur ; Andrew J. CALDER, Auteur ; Ian M. GOODYER, Auteur . - 86-95. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-1 (January 2013) . - 86-95 Mots-clés : Conduct disorder  callous-unemotional traits  voxel-based morphometry  anterior insula  amygdala  sex differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Conduct disorder (CD) in female adolescents is associated with a range of negative outcomes, including teenage pregnancy and antisocial personality disorder. Although recent studies have documented changes in brain structure and function in male adolescents with CD, there have been no neuroimaging studies of female adolescents with CD. Our primary objective was to investigate whether female adolescents with CD show changes in grey matter volume. Our secondary aim was to assess for sex differences in the relationship between CD and brain structure. Methods: Female adolescents with CD (n = 22) and healthy control participants matched in age, performance IQ and handedness (n = 20) underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging. Group comparisons of grey matter volume were performed using voxel-based morphometry. We also tested for sex differences using archive data obtained from male CD and control participants. Results: Female adolescents with CD showed reduced bilateral anterior insula and right striatal grey matter volumes compared with healthy controls. Aggressive CD symptoms were negatively correlated with right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex volume, whereas callous-unemotional traits were positively correlated with bilateral orbitofrontal cortex volume. The sex differences analyses revealed a main effect of diagnosis on right amygdala volume (reflecting reduced amygdala volume in the combined CD group relative to controls) and sex-by-diagnosis interactions in bilateral anterior insula. Conclusions: We observed structural abnormalities in brain regions involved in emotion processing, reward and empathy in female adolescents with CD, which broadly overlap with those reported in previous studies of CD in male adolescents. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02617.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=186

Infant brain structures, executive function, and attention deficit/hyperactivity problems at preschool age. A prospective study / Akhgar GHASSABIAN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54-1 (January 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-1 (January 2013) . - 96-104 Titre : Infant brain structures, executive function, and attention deficit/hyperactivity problems at preschool age. A prospective study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Akhgar GHASSABIAN, Auteur ; Catherine M. HERBA, Auteur ; Sabine J. ROZA, Auteur ; Paul GOVAERT, Auteur ; Jacqueline J. SCHENK, Auteur ; Vincent W.V. JADDOE, Auteur ; Albert HOFMAN, Auteur ; Tonya WHITE, Auteur ; Frank C. VERHULST, Auteur ; Henning TIEMEIER, Auteur Article en page(s) : 96-104 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Brain  corpus callosum  executive function  Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Neuroimaging findings have provided evidence for a relation between variations in brain structures and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). However, longitudinal neuroimaging studies are typically confined to children who have already been diagnosed with ADHD. In a population-based study, we aimed to characterize the prospective association between brain structures measured during infancy and executive function and attention deficit/hyperactivity problems assessed at preschool age. Methods: In the Generation R Study, the corpus callosum length, the gangliothalamic ovoid diameter (encompassing the basal ganglia and thalamus), and the ventricular volume were measured in 784 6-week-old children using cranial postnatal ultrasounds. Parents rated executive functioning at 4 years using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Preschool Version in five dimensions: inhibition, shifting, emotional control, working memory, and planning/organizing. Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Problems were assessed at ages 3 and 5 years using the Child Behavior Checklist. Results: A smaller corpus callosum length during infancy was associated with greater deficits in executive functioning at 4 years. This was accounted for by higher problem scores on inhibition and emotional control. The corpus callosum length during infancy did not predict Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Problem at 3 and 5 years, when controlling for the confounders. We did not find any relation between gangliothalamic ovoid diameter and executive function or Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Problem. Conclusions: Variations in brain structures detectible in infants predicted subtle impairments in inhibition and emotional control. However, in this population-based study, we could not demonstrate that early structural brain variations precede symptoms of ADHD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02590.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=186 [article] Infant brain structures, executive function, and attention deficit/hyperactivity problems at preschool age. A prospective study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Akhgar GHASSABIAN, Auteur ; Catherine M. HERBA, Auteur ; Sabine J. ROZA, Auteur ; Paul GOVAERT, Auteur ; Jacqueline J. SCHENK, Auteur ; Vincent W.V. JADDOE, Auteur ; Albert HOFMAN, Auteur ; Tonya WHITE, Auteur ; Frank C. VERHULST, Auteur ; Henning TIEMEIER, Auteur . - 96-104. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-1 (January 2013) . - 96-104 Mots-clés : Brain  corpus callosum  executive function  Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Neuroimaging findings have provided evidence for a relation between variations in brain structures and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). However, longitudinal neuroimaging studies are typically confined to children who have already been diagnosed with ADHD. In a population-based study, we aimed to characterize the prospective association between brain structures measured during infancy and executive function and attention deficit/hyperactivity problems assessed at preschool age. Methods: In the Generation R Study, the corpus callosum length, the gangliothalamic ovoid diameter (encompassing the basal ganglia and thalamus), and the ventricular volume were measured in 784 6-week-old children using cranial postnatal ultrasounds. Parents rated executive functioning at 4 years using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Preschool Version in five dimensions: inhibition, shifting, emotional control, working memory, and planning/organizing. Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Problems were assessed at ages 3 and 5 years using the Child Behavior Checklist. Results: A smaller corpus callosum length during infancy was associated with greater deficits in executive functioning at 4 years. This was accounted for by higher problem scores on inhibition and emotional control. The corpus callosum length during infancy did not predict Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Problem at 3 and 5 years, when controlling for the confounders. We did not find any relation between gangliothalamic ovoid diameter and executive function or Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Problem. Conclusions: Variations in brain structures detectible in infants predicted subtle impairments in inhibition and emotional control. However, in this population-based study, we could not demonstrate that early structural brain variations precede symptoms of ADHD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02590.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=186

Reduced orbitofrontal and temporal grey matter in a community sample of maltreated children / Stephane A. DE BRITO in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54-1 (January 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-1 (January 2013) . - 105-112 Titre : Reduced orbitofrontal and temporal grey matter in a community sample of maltreated children Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Stephane A. DE BRITO, Auteur ; Essi VIDING, Auteur ; Catherine L. SEBASTIAN, Auteur ; Philip A. KELLY, Auteur ; Andrea MECHELLI, Auteur ; Helen MARIS, Auteur ; Eamon J. MCCRORY, Auteur Article en page(s) : 105-112 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : maltreatment  child abuse  orbitofrontal cortex  middle temporal gyrus  voxel-based morphometry Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Childhood maltreatment is strongly associated with increased risk of psychiatric disorder. Previous neuroimaging studies have reported atypical neural structure in the orbitofrontal cortex, temporal lobe, amygdala, hippocampus and cerebellum in maltreated samples. It has been hypothesised that these structural differences may relate to increased psychiatric vulnerability. However, previous studies have typically recruited clinical samples with concurrent psychiatric disorders, or have poorly characterised the range of maltreatment experiences and levels of concurrent anxiety or depression, limiting the interpretation of the observed structural differences. Methods: We used voxel-based morphometry to compare grey matter volume in a group of 18 children (mean age 12.01 years, SD = 1.4), referred to community social services, with documented and well-characterised experiences of maltreatment at home and a group of 20 nonmaltreated children (mean age 12.6 years, SD = 1.3). Both groups were comparable on age, gender, cognitive ability, ethnicity and levels of anxiety, depression and posttraumatic stress symptoms. We examined five a priori regions of interest: the prefrontal cortex, temporal lobes, amygdala, hippocampus and cerebellum. Results: Maltreated children, compared to nonmaltreated peers, presented with reduced grey matter in the medial orbitofrontal cortex and the left middle temporal gyrus. Conclusions: The medial orbitofrontal cortex and the middle temporal gyrus have been implicated in reinforcement-based decision-making, emotion regulation and autobiographical memory, processes that are impaired in a number of psychiatric disorders associated with maltreatment. We speculate that grey matter disturbance in these regions in a community sample of maltreated children may represent a latent neurobiological risk factor for later psychopathology and heightened risk taking. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02597.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=186 [article] Reduced orbitofrontal and temporal grey matter in a community sample of maltreated children [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Stephane A. DE BRITO, Auteur ; Essi VIDING, Auteur ; Catherine L. SEBASTIAN, Auteur ; Philip A. KELLY, Auteur ; Andrea MECHELLI, Auteur ; Helen MARIS, Auteur ; Eamon J. MCCRORY, Auteur . - 105-112. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-1 (January 2013) . - 105-112 Mots-clés : maltreatment  child abuse  orbitofrontal cortex  middle temporal gyrus  voxel-based morphometry Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Childhood maltreatment is strongly associated with increased risk of psychiatric disorder. Previous neuroimaging studies have reported atypical neural structure in the orbitofrontal cortex, temporal lobe, amygdala, hippocampus and cerebellum in maltreated samples. It has been hypothesised that these structural differences may relate to increased psychiatric vulnerability. However, previous studies have typically recruited clinical samples with concurrent psychiatric disorders, or have poorly characterised the range of maltreatment experiences and levels of concurrent anxiety or depression, limiting the interpretation of the observed structural differences. Methods: We used voxel-based morphometry to compare grey matter volume in a group of 18 children (mean age 12.01 years, SD = 1.4), referred to community social services, with documented and well-characterised experiences of maltreatment at home and a group of 20 nonmaltreated children (mean age 12.6 years, SD = 1.3). Both groups were comparable on age, gender, cognitive ability, ethnicity and levels of anxiety, depression and posttraumatic stress symptoms. We examined five a priori regions of interest: the prefrontal cortex, temporal lobes, amygdala, hippocampus and cerebellum. Results: Maltreated children, compared to nonmaltreated peers, presented with reduced grey matter in the medial orbitofrontal cortex and the left middle temporal gyrus. Conclusions: The medial orbitofrontal cortex and the middle temporal gyrus have been implicated in reinforcement-based decision-making, emotion regulation and autobiographical memory, processes that are impaired in a number of psychiatric disorders associated with maltreatment. We speculate that grey matter disturbance in these regions in a community sample of maltreated children may represent a latent neurobiological risk factor for later psychopathology and heightened risk taking. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02597.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=186