Dépouillements

Autism as an international journal: Equity, inclusion and cultural humility for a global authorship and readership / Kathy LEADBITTER in Autism, 29-5 (May 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 29-5 (May 2025) . - p.1089-1094 Titre : Autism as an international journal: Equity, inclusion and cultural humility for a global authorship and readership Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kathy LEADBITTER, Auteur ; Sheffali GULATI, Auteur ; Elizabeth SHEPHARD, Auteur ; Rosa HOEKSTRA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1089-1094 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613251333822 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=554 [article] Autism as an international journal: Equity, inclusion and cultural humility for a global authorship and readership [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kathy LEADBITTER, Auteur ; Sheffali GULATI, Auteur ; Elizabeth SHEPHARD, Auteur ; Rosa HOEKSTRA, Auteur . - p.1089-1094. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 29-5 (May 2025) . - p.1089-1094 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613251333822 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=554

The use of Language ENvironment Analysis in autism research: A systematic review / Orla C PUTNAM in Autism, 29-5 (May 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 29-5 (May 2025) . - p.1095-1117 Titre : The use of Language ENvironment Analysis in autism research: A systematic review Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Orla C PUTNAM, Auteur ; Jennifer E MARKFELD, Auteur ; Sarah Towner WRIGHT, Auteur ; Jacob I FELDMAN, Auteur ; Jessica GOLDBLUM, Auteur ; Maia KARPINSKY, Auteur ; Amanda J NEAL, Auteur ; Meghan R SWANSON, Auteur ; Clare HARROP, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1095-1117 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  communication and language  technology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The Language ENvironment Analysis (LENA) system has been used increasingly in research to record and evaluate the everyday speech of autistic children and their families. However, it is unclear how researchers are using LENA and whether the system is well-suited for work with autistic individuals. The purpose of this systematic review is to summarize the use of LENA in autism research, to highlight the strengths and limitations of the system as identified by researchers, and to provide recommendations for future research and clinical use. Forty-two studies that used LENA with samples of autistic children were identified through a systematic database search. Researchers using LENA in autism did so across a variety of ages, settings, and analytical approaches. Most studies used LENA within recommended guidelines. The most common purpose of using LENA was for exploratory research. Noted strengths of the LENA system included ecological validity, cost-effectiveness, and timely clinical feedback. Limitations included lower rates of speaker identification compared to human coders and limited information regarding speech context and language development. This systematic review provides key insights into the methods surrounding LENA use in autism research and serves to inform researchers and clinicians on best practices for future use with this technology.Lay abstract In research, language ability has historically been measured using structured tasks in laboratory settings. In recent years, there has been a growing emphasis on the need to instead capture language ability in an individual?s natural setting (i.e. through social interaction or in their home). Considering natural language may be particularly important for the autistic population, as an autistic child?s language ability can be very different depending on the setting. One common tool for capturing natural language is the LENA recording system, which takes audio recordings over long periods of time and provides estimates of children?s and caregivers' speech. The purpose of this systematic review is to summarize the use of LENA in autism research, to highlight the strengths and limitations of the system as identified by researchers, and to provide recommendations for future research and clinical use. We identified 42 autism studies that used LENA in a variety of ways and settings. Most studies used LENA within the guidelines put forth by its creators, and it was most commonly used to understand speech or speech development for autistic children. LENA is a useful tool for clinicians and caregivers to gain some insights into child speech, but those considering using it should be aware of concerns about its accuracy and limitations about the information it provides. In this review, we supplement the official LENA guidelines with specific suggestions for use with the autistic population. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241290072 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=554 [article] The use of Language ENvironment Analysis in autism research: A systematic review [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Orla C PUTNAM, Auteur ; Jennifer E MARKFELD, Auteur ; Sarah Towner WRIGHT, Auteur ; Jacob I FELDMAN, Auteur ; Jessica GOLDBLUM, Auteur ; Maia KARPINSKY, Auteur ; Amanda J NEAL, Auteur ; Meghan R SWANSON, Auteur ; Clare HARROP, Auteur . - p.1095-1117. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 29-5 (May 2025) . - p.1095-1117 Mots-clés : autism  communication and language  technology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The Language ENvironment Analysis (LENA) system has been used increasingly in research to record and evaluate the everyday speech of autistic children and their families. However, it is unclear how researchers are using LENA and whether the system is well-suited for work with autistic individuals. The purpose of this systematic review is to summarize the use of LENA in autism research, to highlight the strengths and limitations of the system as identified by researchers, and to provide recommendations for future research and clinical use. Forty-two studies that used LENA with samples of autistic children were identified through a systematic database search. Researchers using LENA in autism did so across a variety of ages, settings, and analytical approaches. Most studies used LENA within recommended guidelines. The most common purpose of using LENA was for exploratory research. Noted strengths of the LENA system included ecological validity, cost-effectiveness, and timely clinical feedback. Limitations included lower rates of speaker identification compared to human coders and limited information regarding speech context and language development. This systematic review provides key insights into the methods surrounding LENA use in autism research and serves to inform researchers and clinicians on best practices for future use with this technology.Lay abstract In research, language ability has historically been measured using structured tasks in laboratory settings. In recent years, there has been a growing emphasis on the need to instead capture language ability in an individual?s natural setting (i.e. through social interaction or in their home). Considering natural language may be particularly important for the autistic population, as an autistic child?s language ability can be very different depending on the setting. One common tool for capturing natural language is the LENA recording system, which takes audio recordings over long periods of time and provides estimates of children?s and caregivers' speech. The purpose of this systematic review is to summarize the use of LENA in autism research, to highlight the strengths and limitations of the system as identified by researchers, and to provide recommendations for future research and clinical use. We identified 42 autism studies that used LENA in a variety of ways and settings. Most studies used LENA within the guidelines put forth by its creators, and it was most commonly used to understand speech or speech development for autistic children. LENA is a useful tool for clinicians and caregivers to gain some insights into child speech, but those considering using it should be aware of concerns about its accuracy and limitations about the information it provides. In this review, we supplement the official LENA guidelines with specific suggestions for use with the autistic population. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241290072 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=554

A non-systematic overview review of self-focused emotion regulation in autistic individuals through the lens of the extended process model / Ru Ying CAI in Autism, 29-5 (May 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 29-5 (May 2025) . - p.1118-1128 Titre : A non-systematic overview review of self-focused emotion regulation in autistic individuals through the lens of the extended process model Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ru Ying CAI, Auteur ; Andrea C SAMSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1118-1128 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  co-regulation  dysregulation  emotion regulation  process model Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Difficulties regulating emotions have been coined as inherent to autism, possibly even presenting a core difficulty of autism. While several models of emotion regulation have been proposed in the past, in this targeted review article, we aim to map emotion regulation difficulties in autistic individuals within the framework of the extended process model of emotion regulation. This model can be considered the most comprehensive one currently incorporating not only different emotion regulation strategy groups but also different stages and processes involved in successful self-focused emotion regulation. Within this model, we will identify areas and domains as specifically impacted by autistic individuals. We will also outline gaps in the literature and provide suggestions for future research that can help deepen our understanding of the emotion regulation processes of autistic individuals. The ultimate goal is to develop specific support programs that address specific emotion regulation mechanisms, providing a much more individualized support approach.Lay abstract What do we already know about emotion regulation in autism?We know that many autistic children, youth, and adults experience difficulties regulating emotions. Existing research has focused mainly on the differences in emotion regulation capabilities between autistic and non-autistic individuals, the relationships between autistic traits and emotion regulation, and how emotion regulation relates to other outcomes, such as social skills and mental health.What does this paper add?We want to take a new approach to review the existing emotion regulation research through the lens of a specific theoretical model: the extended process model of emotion regulation. Professor James Gross developed this model. It consists of four emotion regulation phases: identification, selection, implementation, and monitoring.Our review revealed specific areas within these emotion regulation phases that could significantly impact the emotion regulation experiences of autistic individuals. We also outline the gaps in the research and propose avenues for future investigation.Implications for practiceBy deepening our understanding of emotion regulation in autistic individuals through the proposed future research, researchers and clinicians can pave the way for the development of tailored support programs. These programs will directly target specific emotion regulation mechanisms, offering a much-needed individualized support approach. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241302533 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=555 [article] A non-systematic overview review of self-focused emotion regulation in autistic individuals through the lens of the extended process model [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ru Ying CAI, Auteur ; Andrea C SAMSON, Auteur . - p.1118-1128. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 29-5 (May 2025) . - p.1118-1128 Mots-clés : autism  co-regulation  dysregulation  emotion regulation  process model Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Difficulties regulating emotions have been coined as inherent to autism, possibly even presenting a core difficulty of autism. While several models of emotion regulation have been proposed in the past, in this targeted review article, we aim to map emotion regulation difficulties in autistic individuals within the framework of the extended process model of emotion regulation. This model can be considered the most comprehensive one currently incorporating not only different emotion regulation strategy groups but also different stages and processes involved in successful self-focused emotion regulation. Within this model, we will identify areas and domains as specifically impacted by autistic individuals. We will also outline gaps in the literature and provide suggestions for future research that can help deepen our understanding of the emotion regulation processes of autistic individuals. The ultimate goal is to develop specific support programs that address specific emotion regulation mechanisms, providing a much more individualized support approach.Lay abstract What do we already know about emotion regulation in autism?We know that many autistic children, youth, and adults experience difficulties regulating emotions. Existing research has focused mainly on the differences in emotion regulation capabilities between autistic and non-autistic individuals, the relationships between autistic traits and emotion regulation, and how emotion regulation relates to other outcomes, such as social skills and mental health.What does this paper add?We want to take a new approach to review the existing emotion regulation research through the lens of a specific theoretical model: the extended process model of emotion regulation. Professor James Gross developed this model. It consists of four emotion regulation phases: identification, selection, implementation, and monitoring.Our review revealed specific areas within these emotion regulation phases that could significantly impact the emotion regulation experiences of autistic individuals. We also outline the gaps in the research and propose avenues for future investigation.Implications for practiceBy deepening our understanding of emotion regulation in autistic individuals through the proposed future research, researchers and clinicians can pave the way for the development of tailored support programs. These programs will directly target specific emotion regulation mechanisms, offering a much-needed individualized support approach. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241302533 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=555

Autistic adults display different verbal behavior only in mixed-neurotype interactions: Evidence from a referential communication task / Philippine GEELHAND in Autism, 29-5 (May 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 29-5 (May 2025) . - p.1129-1142 Titre : Autistic adults display different verbal behavior only in mixed-neurotype interactions: Evidence from a referential communication task Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Philippine GEELHAND, Auteur ; Fanny PAPASTAMOU, Auteur ; Solène JASPARD, Auteur ; Mikhail KISSINE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1129-1142 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : neurotype (mis)match  oral versus written language  referential communication Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Recent accounts of social difficulties in autism suggest that autistic and non-autistic individuals mutually misunderstand each other. This assumption aligns with findings that mixed-neurotype interactions are less efficient than same-neurotype interactions. However, it remains unclear whether different outcomes between mixed- and same-neurotype interactions are due to contact with a different neurotype or to inherently different communication styles, specific to each neurotype. A total of 134 adult participants were divided into three same-sex dyad types: 23 autistic dyads, 23 non-autistic dyads, and 21 mixed-neurotype dyads. Participants were unaware of their partner?s neurotype. Dyads completed an online referential communication task where a "Director" guides a "Matcher" to rearrange abstract images, using both written (chat) and oral (microphone, no video) communication modes. Interaction outcome measures were task duration and verbosity of the Director. Across both communication modes, non-autistic dyads completed the task faster than autistic and mixed dyads, indicating that dyads with at least one autistic partner were generally slower. Notably, in mixed dyads, autistic Directors were more verbose than non-autistic Directors across both communication modes. These results, in conjunction with partners' unawareness of each other?s neurotype, suggest that even in the absence of non-verbal cues neurotype mismatch triggers autistic adults to display different verbal behavior.Lay abstract Recent research shows that in conversations, both participants influence the outcome. More specifically, conversations do not go as smoothly when autistic and non-autistic people talk together compared to when people of the same neurotype (either all autistic or all non-autistic) talk to each other. In studies finding a "same-neurotype communicative advantage", interaction partners knew about each other?s neurotype. Because of this methodological choice, it is unclear whether mixed-neurotype interactions go less smoothly because participants knew they were interacting with a different neurotype or because each neurotype really has a distinct communication style. In our study, 134 adults were grouped into same-sex pairs: 23 autistic, 23 non-autistic, and 21 mixed-neurotype pairs. The pairs did not know if the other person was autistic or not. They completed an online task where the "Director" instructs the "Matcher" to reorder abstract pictures. Pairs did this task in two ways: by typing in a live chat and by speaking into a microphone without video. The study looked at how long the task took and how much the Director talked/wrote. Results showed that non-autistic pairs were faster to complete the task than autistic pairs and mixed pairs, meaning pairs with at least one autistic person were slower in general to complete the task. Interestingly, in mixed pairs, only autistic Directors produced more words than non-autistic Directors, in both typing and speaking. These findings suggest that even without knowing about their partner?s neurotype and seeing/hearing their partner, autistic adults communicate differently when they interact with a non-autistic person. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241298376 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=555 [article] Autistic adults display different verbal behavior only in mixed-neurotype interactions: Evidence from a referential communication task [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Philippine GEELHAND, Auteur ; Fanny PAPASTAMOU, Auteur ; Solène JASPARD, Auteur ; Mikhail KISSINE, Auteur . - p.1129-1142. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 29-5 (May 2025) . - p.1129-1142 Mots-clés : neurotype (mis)match  oral versus written language  referential communication Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Recent accounts of social difficulties in autism suggest that autistic and non-autistic individuals mutually misunderstand each other. This assumption aligns with findings that mixed-neurotype interactions are less efficient than same-neurotype interactions. However, it remains unclear whether different outcomes between mixed- and same-neurotype interactions are due to contact with a different neurotype or to inherently different communication styles, specific to each neurotype. A total of 134 adult participants were divided into three same-sex dyad types: 23 autistic dyads, 23 non-autistic dyads, and 21 mixed-neurotype dyads. Participants were unaware of their partner?s neurotype. Dyads completed an online referential communication task where a "Director" guides a "Matcher" to rearrange abstract images, using both written (chat) and oral (microphone, no video) communication modes. Interaction outcome measures were task duration and verbosity of the Director. Across both communication modes, non-autistic dyads completed the task faster than autistic and mixed dyads, indicating that dyads with at least one autistic partner were generally slower. Notably, in mixed dyads, autistic Directors were more verbose than non-autistic Directors across both communication modes. These results, in conjunction with partners' unawareness of each other?s neurotype, suggest that even in the absence of non-verbal cues neurotype mismatch triggers autistic adults to display different verbal behavior.Lay abstract Recent research shows that in conversations, both participants influence the outcome. More specifically, conversations do not go as smoothly when autistic and non-autistic people talk together compared to when people of the same neurotype (either all autistic or all non-autistic) talk to each other. In studies finding a "same-neurotype communicative advantage", interaction partners knew about each other?s neurotype. Because of this methodological choice, it is unclear whether mixed-neurotype interactions go less smoothly because participants knew they were interacting with a different neurotype or because each neurotype really has a distinct communication style. In our study, 134 adults were grouped into same-sex pairs: 23 autistic, 23 non-autistic, and 21 mixed-neurotype pairs. The pairs did not know if the other person was autistic or not. They completed an online task where the "Director" instructs the "Matcher" to reorder abstract pictures. Pairs did this task in two ways: by typing in a live chat and by speaking into a microphone without video. The study looked at how long the task took and how much the Director talked/wrote. Results showed that non-autistic pairs were faster to complete the task than autistic pairs and mixed pairs, meaning pairs with at least one autistic person were slower in general to complete the task. Interestingly, in mixed pairs, only autistic Directors produced more words than non-autistic Directors, in both typing and speaking. These findings suggest that even without knowing about their partner?s neurotype and seeing/hearing their partner, autistic adults communicate differently when they interact with a non-autistic person. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241298376 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=555

Health service utilization among autistic youth in Aotearoa New Zealand: A nationwide cross-sectional study / Laurie K MCLAY in Autism, 29-5 (May 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 29-5 (May 2025) . - p.1143-1156 Titre : Health service utilization among autistic youth in Aotearoa New Zealand: A nationwide cross-sectional study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Laurie K MCLAY, Auteur ; Philip J SCHLUTER, Auteur ; John WILLIAMS, Auteur ; Francesca ANNS, Auteur ; Ruth MONK, Auteur ; Joanne DACOMBE, Auteur ; Gabrielle HOGG, Auteur ; Jessica TUPOU, Auteur ; Troy RUHE, Auteur ; Taylor Scott, Auteur ; Emma WOODFORD, Auteur ; Hiran THABREW, Auteur ; Nicholas BOWDEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1143-1156 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  co-occurring conditions  health  health service use  mental health  pharmaceutical dispensing  youth Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Many autistic youth have complex healthcare needs, resulting in high rates of health service utilization. However, many characteristics of this health service utilization remain unknown. Using whole-of-population data, this study aimed to quantify and compare rates of psychiatric and non-psychiatric health service utilization among autistic and non-autistic youth, with and without co-occurring intellectual disability. A national retrospective cohort study was employed using linked individual-level administrative data for Aotearoa New Zealand youth (aged 0-24?years). Health service utilization outcomes included 11 psychiatric and non-psychiatric domains. Propensity score matching on a range of sociodemographic measures compared groups across health service utilization outcomes. Data were obtained for 19,479 autistic youth, 29% of whom had a co-occurring intellectual disability and 1,561,278 non-autistic youth. Results demonstrated higher rates of mental health service utilization among autistic compared with non-autistic youth, including inpatient (prevalence ratio 5.85; 95% confidence interval 4.93-6.94) and outpatient (prevalence ratio 4.96; 95% confidence interval 4.75-5.18) service use and psychotropic medication dispensing (prevalence ratio 6.83; 95% confidence interval 6.65-7.02), particularly among autistic youth without intellectual disability. Rates of non-psychiatric hospital admissions (prevalence ratio 1.93; 95% confidence interval 1.85-2.01), potentially avoidable hospitalizations (prevalence ratio 1.91; 95% confidence interval 1.82-2.00) and outpatient visits (prevalence ratio 1.99; 95% confidence interval 1.95-2.01) were also higher among autistic youth. Research implications for delivery of healthcare services are discussed.Lay abstract Autistic youth generally use healthcare services more often than non-autistic youth. However, we know very little about the factors that can affect health service use and the types of services that are used, and this has not been explored in Aotearoa New Zealand. We analysed data from New Zealand to compare health service use among autistic and non-autistic youth (0 to 24-year-olds). Data were available for 19,479 autistic youth and 1,561,278 non-autistic youth. We compared hospitalizations, specialist visits, emergency department visits and use of different types of medications. In this study, autistic youth were found to have been hospitalized for medical and mental health reasons, more often than non-autistic youth. Autistic youth were also more likely to have attended specialist appointments and to have been given medication. These differences were particularly large for medications commonly used for mental health conditions (e.g. anxiety, depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) or associated symptoms. Autistic youth who also had an intellectual disability were more likely to use healthcare services for physical health conditions, but were less likely to use mental health services, when compared with autistic youth who did not have an intellectual disability. These findings, along with other research, suggest that the healthcare needs of autistic youth are not always being met. Further work is needed to enhance our understanding of co-occurring conditions among autistic youth, including those that result in high rates of health service use, in order to inform the development of healthcare services and training for healthcare professionals to better cater to the needs of autistic youth. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241298352 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=555 [article] Health service utilization among autistic youth in Aotearoa New Zealand: A nationwide cross-sectional study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Laurie K MCLAY, Auteur ; Philip J SCHLUTER, Auteur ; John WILLIAMS, Auteur ; Francesca ANNS, Auteur ; Ruth MONK, Auteur ; Joanne DACOMBE, Auteur ; Gabrielle HOGG, Auteur ; Jessica TUPOU, Auteur ; Troy RUHE, Auteur ; Taylor Scott, Auteur ; Emma WOODFORD, Auteur ; Hiran THABREW, Auteur ; Nicholas BOWDEN, Auteur . - p.1143-1156. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 29-5 (May 2025) . - p.1143-1156 Mots-clés : autism  co-occurring conditions  health  health service use  mental health  pharmaceutical dispensing  youth Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Many autistic youth have complex healthcare needs, resulting in high rates of health service utilization. However, many characteristics of this health service utilization remain unknown. Using whole-of-population data, this study aimed to quantify and compare rates of psychiatric and non-psychiatric health service utilization among autistic and non-autistic youth, with and without co-occurring intellectual disability. A national retrospective cohort study was employed using linked individual-level administrative data for Aotearoa New Zealand youth (aged 0-24?years). Health service utilization outcomes included 11 psychiatric and non-psychiatric domains. Propensity score matching on a range of sociodemographic measures compared groups across health service utilization outcomes. Data were obtained for 19,479 autistic youth, 29% of whom had a co-occurring intellectual disability and 1,561,278 non-autistic youth. Results demonstrated higher rates of mental health service utilization among autistic compared with non-autistic youth, including inpatient (prevalence ratio 5.85; 95% confidence interval 4.93-6.94) and outpatient (prevalence ratio 4.96; 95% confidence interval 4.75-5.18) service use and psychotropic medication dispensing (prevalence ratio 6.83; 95% confidence interval 6.65-7.02), particularly among autistic youth without intellectual disability. Rates of non-psychiatric hospital admissions (prevalence ratio 1.93; 95% confidence interval 1.85-2.01), potentially avoidable hospitalizations (prevalence ratio 1.91; 95% confidence interval 1.82-2.00) and outpatient visits (prevalence ratio 1.99; 95% confidence interval 1.95-2.01) were also higher among autistic youth. Research implications for delivery of healthcare services are discussed.Lay abstract Autistic youth generally use healthcare services more often than non-autistic youth. However, we know very little about the factors that can affect health service use and the types of services that are used, and this has not been explored in Aotearoa New Zealand. We analysed data from New Zealand to compare health service use among autistic and non-autistic youth (0 to 24-year-olds). Data were available for 19,479 autistic youth and 1,561,278 non-autistic youth. We compared hospitalizations, specialist visits, emergency department visits and use of different types of medications. In this study, autistic youth were found to have been hospitalized for medical and mental health reasons, more often than non-autistic youth. Autistic youth were also more likely to have attended specialist appointments and to have been given medication. These differences were particularly large for medications commonly used for mental health conditions (e.g. anxiety, depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) or associated symptoms. Autistic youth who also had an intellectual disability were more likely to use healthcare services for physical health conditions, but were less likely to use mental health services, when compared with autistic youth who did not have an intellectual disability. These findings, along with other research, suggest that the healthcare needs of autistic youth are not always being met. Further work is needed to enhance our understanding of co-occurring conditions among autistic youth, including those that result in high rates of health service use, in order to inform the development of healthcare services and training for healthcare professionals to better cater to the needs of autistic youth. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241298352 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=555

Parental expectations and perceptions of augmentative and alternative communication: A Sri Lankan perspective / Shyamani HETTIARACHCHI in Autism, 29-5 (May 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 29-5 (May 2025) . - p.1157-1170 Titre : Parental expectations and perceptions of augmentative and alternative communication: A Sri Lankan perspective Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Shyamani HETTIARACHCHI, Auteur ; Shamra NIZAR, Auteur ; Gopi KITNASAMY, Auteur ; Dilani GOPI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1157-1170 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : augmentative and alternative communication  culture  disability  Global South  parental perceptions  qualitative Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : From a critical disability rights lens, everyone has a right to communicate using any means available, which includes augmentative and alternative communication. The uptake of augmentative and alternative communication beyond the therapy room may be influenced by awareness, perceptions and acceptance of augmentative and alternative communication by caregivers, family members and the wider society. This study aimed to uncover parental perceptions of augmentative and alternative communication in a Global South context. Ten mothers and six fathers (16 participants) of children with complex communication needs were invited to be part of the study. A focus-group discussion and semi-structured interviews were undertaken using an interview guide. The participant data were analysed using Framework Analysis and through the lens of gender and critical disability theory. The key theme expressed was fear of augmentative and alternative communication deterring speech development. In addition, there was also concern that siblings might adopt the alternative communication method and stop talking. The participants questioned whether the visibility of a communication device could highlight their child?s disability, thereby fearing societal stigma and negativity. Overall, parents' attitudes towards perspectives of and openness to use augmentative and alternative communication impact its uptake. The results suggest the need to consider the preparedness of parents prior to introducing augmentative and alternative communication and the need to offer on-going parental training.Lay abstract Everybody has a right to communicate in any way they can, which includes augmentative and alternative communication. The uptake of augmentative and alternative communication in everyday life may be influenced by awareness, perceptions and acceptance of augmentative and alternative communication by caregivers, family members and the wider society. This study aimed to uncover what parents thought about augmentative and alternative communication in a Global South context. Eleven mothers and five fathers (16 participants) of children with complex communication needs were included. Data were collected using an interview guide from a focus-group discussion and semi-structured interviews. The data were analysed using Framework Analysis and from a gender and critical disability theory viewpoint. The key theme found was fear of augmentative and alternative communication stopping the child from learning to speak. The parents wondered if siblings might also use the alternative communication method and stop talking. They worried whether the communication device will negatively highlight their child in society. As parents' views on augmentative and alternative communication influence whether they use it with their child, informing and preparing parents before introducing augmentative and alternative communication to a child and on-going parent training should be considered. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241298061 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=555 [article] Parental expectations and perceptions of augmentative and alternative communication: A Sri Lankan perspective [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Shyamani HETTIARACHCHI, Auteur ; Shamra NIZAR, Auteur ; Gopi KITNASAMY, Auteur ; Dilani GOPI, Auteur . - p.1157-1170. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 29-5 (May 2025) . - p.1157-1170 Mots-clés : augmentative and alternative communication  culture  disability  Global South  parental perceptions  qualitative Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : From a critical disability rights lens, everyone has a right to communicate using any means available, which includes augmentative and alternative communication. The uptake of augmentative and alternative communication beyond the therapy room may be influenced by awareness, perceptions and acceptance of augmentative and alternative communication by caregivers, family members and the wider society. This study aimed to uncover parental perceptions of augmentative and alternative communication in a Global South context. Ten mothers and six fathers (16 participants) of children with complex communication needs were invited to be part of the study. A focus-group discussion and semi-structured interviews were undertaken using an interview guide. The participant data were analysed using Framework Analysis and through the lens of gender and critical disability theory. The key theme expressed was fear of augmentative and alternative communication deterring speech development. In addition, there was also concern that siblings might adopt the alternative communication method and stop talking. The participants questioned whether the visibility of a communication device could highlight their child?s disability, thereby fearing societal stigma and negativity. Overall, parents' attitudes towards perspectives of and openness to use augmentative and alternative communication impact its uptake. The results suggest the need to consider the preparedness of parents prior to introducing augmentative and alternative communication and the need to offer on-going parental training.Lay abstract Everybody has a right to communicate in any way they can, which includes augmentative and alternative communication. The uptake of augmentative and alternative communication in everyday life may be influenced by awareness, perceptions and acceptance of augmentative and alternative communication by caregivers, family members and the wider society. This study aimed to uncover what parents thought about augmentative and alternative communication in a Global South context. Eleven mothers and five fathers (16 participants) of children with complex communication needs were included. Data were collected using an interview guide from a focus-group discussion and semi-structured interviews. The data were analysed using Framework Analysis and from a gender and critical disability theory viewpoint. The key theme found was fear of augmentative and alternative communication stopping the child from learning to speak. The parents wondered if siblings might also use the alternative communication method and stop talking. They worried whether the communication device will negatively highlight their child in society. As parents' views on augmentative and alternative communication influence whether they use it with their child, informing and preparing parents before introducing augmentative and alternative communication to a child and on-going parent training should be considered. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241298061 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=555

Racial and ethnic group differences in service utilization in children with autism spectrum disorder: The role of parental stigma / Karla RIVERA-FIGUEROA in Autism, 29-5 (May 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 29-5 (May 2025) . - p.1171-1183 Titre : Racial and ethnic group differences in service utilization in children with autism spectrum disorder: The role of parental stigma Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Karla RIVERA-FIGUEROA, Auteur ; Stephanie MILAN, Auteur ; Thyde DUMONT-MATHIEU, Auteur ; Diane QUINN, Auteur ; Inge-Marie EIGSTI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1171-1183 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : access to services  affiliate stigma  Asian  barriers  Black  community stigma  discrimination  healthcare equity  Latino  multiracial  parental education  quality of services  socioeconomic status Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Racial and ethnic disparities in service utilization in autism are widely documented. Autism-related parental stigma may play a role if parents from racial/ethnic minoritized backgrounds experience dual stigma from autism and from membership in a marginalized group. This study examines racial/ethnic differences in autism-related stigma and compares the impact of stigma on service utilization in a large, diverse sample of US-based parents of autistic children (final sample = 764; White 41.6%, Black 16.6%, Latino/a/x/Hispanic 20.9%, Asian 7.5%, Multiracial 9.6%, Native American 1.8%, Pacific Islander 0.5%, Middle Eastern 0.2%, and Other 0.2%). Parents completed online surveys assessing affiliate and community stigma, service utilization, and perceived unmet treatment needs. Small but significant racial/ethnic group differences emerged in some aspects of stigma and service utilization. Specifically, Asian and Latino/a/x parents were less likely to fully engage in recommended services; Asian parents endorsed less service availability; Latino/a/x and multiracial parents reported more unmet needs; and Asian and White parents reported significantly more affiliate stigma. There was little indication that stigma contributed to racial/ethnic differences in service utilization, except for Asian families. Results indicate that socioeconomic factors interact with race/ethnicity to impact service use and stigma.Lay abstract Families of color often have less access to autism-related services and describe receiving lower-quality care than White families. The experience of being rejected and judged due to being a parent of an autistic child, called "stigma," might contribute to these healthcare inequalities. The purpose of this study was to test whether families from different racial/ethnic backgrounds differ in their use of autism services and experience of stigma and whether autism stigma leads to lower service engagement for families of color. Our results indicated that Asian parents were less likely to engage in recommended services fully, reported less service availability, and significantly higher levels of autism-related stigma. Furthermore, higher levels of stigma among Asian families partially contributed to lower service engagement. Similar to Asian parents, Latino/a/x parents were more likely to report lower service engagement; and Latino/a/x and Multiracial parents endorsed more unmet treatment needs than other groups. Interestingly, White parents reported levels of internalized stigma similar to those of Asian parents, and both groups reported experiencing more stigma compared to Latino/a/x, Black, and multiracial parents. Future research must examine the factors underlying these differences, and more attention should be directed to reducing stigma among Asian families to minimize its impact on service utilization. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241298043 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=555 [article] Racial and ethnic group differences in service utilization in children with autism spectrum disorder: The role of parental stigma [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Karla RIVERA-FIGUEROA, Auteur ; Stephanie MILAN, Auteur ; Thyde DUMONT-MATHIEU, Auteur ; Diane QUINN, Auteur ; Inge-Marie EIGSTI, Auteur . - p.1171-1183. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 29-5 (May 2025) . - p.1171-1183 Mots-clés : access to services  affiliate stigma  Asian  barriers  Black  community stigma  discrimination  healthcare equity  Latino  multiracial  parental education  quality of services  socioeconomic status Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Racial and ethnic disparities in service utilization in autism are widely documented. Autism-related parental stigma may play a role if parents from racial/ethnic minoritized backgrounds experience dual stigma from autism and from membership in a marginalized group. This study examines racial/ethnic differences in autism-related stigma and compares the impact of stigma on service utilization in a large, diverse sample of US-based parents of autistic children (final sample = 764; White 41.6%, Black 16.6%, Latino/a/x/Hispanic 20.9%, Asian 7.5%, Multiracial 9.6%, Native American 1.8%, Pacific Islander 0.5%, Middle Eastern 0.2%, and Other 0.2%). Parents completed online surveys assessing affiliate and community stigma, service utilization, and perceived unmet treatment needs. Small but significant racial/ethnic group differences emerged in some aspects of stigma and service utilization. Specifically, Asian and Latino/a/x parents were less likely to fully engage in recommended services; Asian parents endorsed less service availability; Latino/a/x and multiracial parents reported more unmet needs; and Asian and White parents reported significantly more affiliate stigma. There was little indication that stigma contributed to racial/ethnic differences in service utilization, except for Asian families. Results indicate that socioeconomic factors interact with race/ethnicity to impact service use and stigma.Lay abstract Families of color often have less access to autism-related services and describe receiving lower-quality care than White families. The experience of being rejected and judged due to being a parent of an autistic child, called "stigma," might contribute to these healthcare inequalities. The purpose of this study was to test whether families from different racial/ethnic backgrounds differ in their use of autism services and experience of stigma and whether autism stigma leads to lower service engagement for families of color. Our results indicated that Asian parents were less likely to engage in recommended services fully, reported less service availability, and significantly higher levels of autism-related stigma. Furthermore, higher levels of stigma among Asian families partially contributed to lower service engagement. Similar to Asian parents, Latino/a/x parents were more likely to report lower service engagement; and Latino/a/x and Multiracial parents endorsed more unmet treatment needs than other groups. Interestingly, White parents reported levels of internalized stigma similar to those of Asian parents, and both groups reported experiencing more stigma compared to Latino/a/x, Black, and multiracial parents. Future research must examine the factors underlying these differences, and more attention should be directed to reducing stigma among Asian families to minimize its impact on service utilization. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241298043 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=555

Lifetime stressor exposure is related to suicidality in autistic adults: A multinational study / Rachel L MOSELEY in Autism, 29-5 (May 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 29-5 (May 2025) . - p.1184-1208 Titre : Lifetime stressor exposure is related to suicidality in autistic adults: A multinational study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Rachel L MOSELEY, Auteur ; Darren HEDLEY, Auteur ; Julie M GAMBLE-TURNER, Auteur ; Mirko ULJAREVI?, Auteur ; Simon M BURY, Auteur ; Grant S SHIELDS, Auteur ; Julian N TROLLOR, Auteur ; Mark A STOKES, Auteur ; George M SLAVICH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1184-1208 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : gender  life stress  psychopathology  STRAIN  suicide Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Despite very high rates of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB) in autistic adults, the key psychosocial drivers of this phenomenon remain unknown. To investigate, we examined how lifetime stressor exposure and severity, which have been found to predict STB in non-autistic populations, related to STB in a multinational dataset of 226 autistic adults from the United Kingdom and Australia (67% female; Mage = 41.8, SD = 13.6, range = 19-73?years old). Results revealed that autistic men and women differ with respect to the count, severity, and type of stressors they experienced over the life course. Whereas autistic men were exposed to more numerous legal/crime-related stressors, autistic women experienced more stressors related to social relationships and chronic humiliation and typically experienced stressors as more severe. In addition, whereas chronic interpersonal loss was related to STB for men, acute stressors involving physical danger and lower exposure to chronic entrapment were related to STB in autistic women. These findings indicate that certain lifetime stressors may be differentially experienced, and relevant to STB, in autistic men versus women. They also suggest that screening for lifetime stressor exposure may help identify autistic individuals at greatest risk of suicide.Lay abstract When we encounter life events that we experience as stressful ("stressors"), it sets off a biological stress response that can impact mental health and contribute to suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB). Although we know about specific stressors that are associated with STB in the general population, little is known about the kinds of stressors that increase the risk of STB in autistic people and whether these associations differ by gender. To examine this issue, we cataloged the life stressors that autistic men and women experienced over the entire life course and investigated how these stressors were related to STB. Data were derived from a multinational sample of 226 autistic adults from the United Kingdom and Australia who completed the Stress and Adversity Inventory for Adults. We found that autistic men and women differed in terms of both the lifetime stressors they experienced as well as their perceived severity. Whereas men experienced more legal/crime-related stressors, women experienced more stressors related to relationships with other people and more long-lasting stressors associated with humiliation. Autistic women often perceived life stressors as more severe than men, which is important given that it is the perceived severity of stressors that most strongly affects our health. We also found that different stressors may predict STB in autistic men versus women. Whereas loss of loved ones was most strongly associated with STB for men, for women, physically dangerous stressors were most relevant. In addition, women with fewer lifetime stressors involving entrapment had higher lifetime STB. These results suggest that lifetime stressor exposure may be important to assess to understand suicide risk in autistic people. Additional research is needed to confirm these associations and to examine possible mechanisms linking stress and STB. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241299872 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=555 [article] Lifetime stressor exposure is related to suicidality in autistic adults: A multinational study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Rachel L MOSELEY, Auteur ; Darren HEDLEY, Auteur ; Julie M GAMBLE-TURNER, Auteur ; Mirko ULJAREVI?, Auteur ; Simon M BURY, Auteur ; Grant S SHIELDS, Auteur ; Julian N TROLLOR, Auteur ; Mark A STOKES, Auteur ; George M SLAVICH, Auteur . - p.1184-1208. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 29-5 (May 2025) . - p.1184-1208 Mots-clés : gender  life stress  psychopathology  STRAIN  suicide Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Despite very high rates of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB) in autistic adults, the key psychosocial drivers of this phenomenon remain unknown. To investigate, we examined how lifetime stressor exposure and severity, which have been found to predict STB in non-autistic populations, related to STB in a multinational dataset of 226 autistic adults from the United Kingdom and Australia (67% female; Mage = 41.8, SD = 13.6, range = 19-73?years old). Results revealed that autistic men and women differ with respect to the count, severity, and type of stressors they experienced over the life course. Whereas autistic men were exposed to more numerous legal/crime-related stressors, autistic women experienced more stressors related to social relationships and chronic humiliation and typically experienced stressors as more severe. In addition, whereas chronic interpersonal loss was related to STB for men, acute stressors involving physical danger and lower exposure to chronic entrapment were related to STB in autistic women. These findings indicate that certain lifetime stressors may be differentially experienced, and relevant to STB, in autistic men versus women. They also suggest that screening for lifetime stressor exposure may help identify autistic individuals at greatest risk of suicide.Lay abstract When we encounter life events that we experience as stressful ("stressors"), it sets off a biological stress response that can impact mental health and contribute to suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB). Although we know about specific stressors that are associated with STB in the general population, little is known about the kinds of stressors that increase the risk of STB in autistic people and whether these associations differ by gender. To examine this issue, we cataloged the life stressors that autistic men and women experienced over the entire life course and investigated how these stressors were related to STB. Data were derived from a multinational sample of 226 autistic adults from the United Kingdom and Australia who completed the Stress and Adversity Inventory for Adults. We found that autistic men and women differed in terms of both the lifetime stressors they experienced as well as their perceived severity. Whereas men experienced more legal/crime-related stressors, women experienced more stressors related to relationships with other people and more long-lasting stressors associated with humiliation. Autistic women often perceived life stressors as more severe than men, which is important given that it is the perceived severity of stressors that most strongly affects our health. We also found that different stressors may predict STB in autistic men versus women. Whereas loss of loved ones was most strongly associated with STB for men, for women, physically dangerous stressors were most relevant. In addition, women with fewer lifetime stressors involving entrapment had higher lifetime STB. These results suggest that lifetime stressor exposure may be important to assess to understand suicide risk in autistic people. Additional research is needed to confirm these associations and to examine possible mechanisms linking stress and STB. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241299872 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=555

Trait and state mathematics anxiety in autistic and non-autistic school-aged boys / Rachele LIEVORE in Autism, 29-5 (May 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 29-5 (May 2025) . - p.1209-1223 Titre : Trait and state mathematics anxiety in autistic and non-autistic school-aged boys Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Rachele LIEVORE, Auteur ; Irene C. MAMMARELLA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1209-1223 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adolescents  autism  children  state mathematics anxiety  trait mathematics anxiety Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The aim of the study was to investigate mathematics anxiety in autistic school-aged boys compared with non-autistic peers, by considering the distinction between trait and state components of mathematics anxiety. The study involved 110 boys aged between 8 and 16?years old: 50 autistic participants without intellectual disability and 60 non-autistic peers. The two groups were matched for age and full-scale intelligence quotient. Trait mathematics anxiety was assessed with a self-report measure, whereas state components of mathematics anxiety were measured in the context of a real-time assessment, in which participants had to report their emotional (valence, arousal) and cognitive (perception of competence, worries) responses before and after completing a math task with time pressure. Findings revealed no significant group differences for trait mathematics anxiety. However, autistic participants performed worse in the timed math test than non-autistic peers. After controlling for age and trait mathematics anxiety, lower valence, higher pre-test emotional arousal, and higher worries were reported by the autistic boys compared with the non-autistic counterparts. No group differences emerged for perception of competence. This study emphasizes the importance of considering the distinction between trait and state mathematics anxiety, in addition to acknowledging the impact that emotional aspects, thoughts, and worries may have on the school experience of autistic students.Lay abstract Autistic children and adolescents may encounter difficulties at school, especially in mathematics, experiencing a pattern of negative feelings, distress, and concerns, which has been called mathematics anxiety. We asked 110 boys (50 autistic, 60 non-autistic) aged between 8 and 16?years old to report their feelings toward mathematics. Specifically, we asked them to fill in a questionnaire on their levels of mathematics anxiety at school and to report their emotional (valence, arousal) and cognitive (perception of competence, worries) responses before and after completing a mathematical task with time pressure. Mathematics anxiety might be an important factor to consider when assessing academic functioning of autistic children and adolescents, to understand whether it can interfere with their school success and well-being. In our sample, no significant group differences emerged for mathematics anxiety experienced at school. However, autistic children and adolescents performed worse in the timed math test than non-autistic peers. Regarding emotional and cognitive factors, lower valence, higher arousal, and higher worries were reported by the autistic participants compared with non-autistic peers. No group differences emerged for perception of competence. Teachers and clinicians should be aware that time pressure could be a negative factor in terms of proficiency and worries in autistic children and adolescents. Furthermore, it is essential to discourage the development of resignation toward academic learning and to improve positive feelings, self-esteem, and self-awareness for a more supportive learning environment. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241299881 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=555 [article] Trait and state mathematics anxiety in autistic and non-autistic school-aged boys [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Rachele LIEVORE, Auteur ; Irene C. MAMMARELLA, Auteur . - p.1209-1223. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 29-5 (May 2025) . - p.1209-1223 Mots-clés : adolescents  autism  children  state mathematics anxiety  trait mathematics anxiety Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The aim of the study was to investigate mathematics anxiety in autistic school-aged boys compared with non-autistic peers, by considering the distinction between trait and state components of mathematics anxiety. The study involved 110 boys aged between 8 and 16?years old: 50 autistic participants without intellectual disability and 60 non-autistic peers. The two groups were matched for age and full-scale intelligence quotient. Trait mathematics anxiety was assessed with a self-report measure, whereas state components of mathematics anxiety were measured in the context of a real-time assessment, in which participants had to report their emotional (valence, arousal) and cognitive (perception of competence, worries) responses before and after completing a math task with time pressure. Findings revealed no significant group differences for trait mathematics anxiety. However, autistic participants performed worse in the timed math test than non-autistic peers. After controlling for age and trait mathematics anxiety, lower valence, higher pre-test emotional arousal, and higher worries were reported by the autistic boys compared with the non-autistic counterparts. No group differences emerged for perception of competence. This study emphasizes the importance of considering the distinction between trait and state mathematics anxiety, in addition to acknowledging the impact that emotional aspects, thoughts, and worries may have on the school experience of autistic students.Lay abstract Autistic children and adolescents may encounter difficulties at school, especially in mathematics, experiencing a pattern of negative feelings, distress, and concerns, which has been called mathematics anxiety. We asked 110 boys (50 autistic, 60 non-autistic) aged between 8 and 16?years old to report their feelings toward mathematics. Specifically, we asked them to fill in a questionnaire on their levels of mathematics anxiety at school and to report their emotional (valence, arousal) and cognitive (perception of competence, worries) responses before and after completing a mathematical task with time pressure. Mathematics anxiety might be an important factor to consider when assessing academic functioning of autistic children and adolescents, to understand whether it can interfere with their school success and well-being. In our sample, no significant group differences emerged for mathematics anxiety experienced at school. However, autistic children and adolescents performed worse in the timed math test than non-autistic peers. Regarding emotional and cognitive factors, lower valence, higher arousal, and higher worries were reported by the autistic participants compared with non-autistic peers. No group differences emerged for perception of competence. Teachers and clinicians should be aware that time pressure could be a negative factor in terms of proficiency and worries in autistic children and adolescents. Furthermore, it is essential to discourage the development of resignation toward academic learning and to improve positive feelings, self-esteem, and self-awareness for a more supportive learning environment. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241299881 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=555

Longitudinal stability and Autism Diagnostic Observation Scale-2 predictors of the Childhood Joint Attention Rating Scale / Jennifer C BULLEN in Autism, 29-5 (May 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 29-5 (May 2025) . - p.1224-1235 Titre : Longitudinal stability and Autism Diagnostic Observation Scale-2 predictors of the Childhood Joint Attention Rating Scale Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jennifer C BULLEN, Auteur ; Sandy L BIRKENEDER, Auteur ; Matthew C ZAJIC, Auteur ; Lindsay Swain LERRO, Auteur ; Nancy MCINTYRE, Auteur ; Nicole SPARAPANI, Auteur ; Peter MUNDY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1224-1235 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  behavioral measurement  development  social cognition and social behavior Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A recent study suggests that parent report on the Social Symptom and Prosocial scales of the Childhood Joint Attention Rating Scale provides useful information about differences in the social development of school-aged autistic children. The current study provides additional psychometric data on the Childhood Joint Attention Rating Scale regarding the longitudinal stability of its scales, its construct validity, and its sensitivity to differences in the social development of clinical samples of children. The study included 64 autistic children without co-occurring intellectual disability, 27 children with symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and 36 neurotypical children between the ages of 10 and 18 years. Results indicated that scores from parent report on the Childhood Joint Attention Rating Scale were stable across a 15-month period in middle childhood for the three groups and groups received significantly different Childhood Joint Attention Rating Scale scores. Finally, construct validity was supported by the observation of correlations between tester observations of items on Autism Diagnostic Observation Scale-2 Social Affect and subsequent parent report on the Childhood Joint Attention Rating Scale. These results provide further evidence that the Childhood Joint Attention Rating Scale provides meaningful and potentially unique information about prosocial and social symptom development of school-aged autistic children.Lay abstract This study tested a measure designed to capture social development in childhood and adolescence called the Childhood Joint Attention Rating Scale. This is important to study as most measures of social behavior are for preschool-aged children. We asked parents of 64 autistic children, 27 children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and 36 neurotypical children to fill out a new parent questionnaire designed to assess social skills. Specifically, our measure asks about both strengths and difficulties their child has with sharing experiences, engaging in cooperative efforts with others, and more. It is important to have strengths included in measures, as many autism measures only take difficulties into account. The findings of this study show that this new measure can assess social skill strengths and difficulties in children and adolescents. This measure may be useful in future research to help us understand how strengths and challenges in social behaviors develop or change throughout childhood and adolescence in autistic people. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241304208 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=555 [article] Longitudinal stability and Autism Diagnostic Observation Scale-2 predictors of the Childhood Joint Attention Rating Scale [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jennifer C BULLEN, Auteur ; Sandy L BIRKENEDER, Auteur ; Matthew C ZAJIC, Auteur ; Lindsay Swain LERRO, Auteur ; Nancy MCINTYRE, Auteur ; Nicole SPARAPANI, Auteur ; Peter MUNDY, Auteur . - p.1224-1235. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 29-5 (May 2025) . - p.1224-1235 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  behavioral measurement  development  social cognition and social behavior Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A recent study suggests that parent report on the Social Symptom and Prosocial scales of the Childhood Joint Attention Rating Scale provides useful information about differences in the social development of school-aged autistic children. The current study provides additional psychometric data on the Childhood Joint Attention Rating Scale regarding the longitudinal stability of its scales, its construct validity, and its sensitivity to differences in the social development of clinical samples of children. The study included 64 autistic children without co-occurring intellectual disability, 27 children with symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and 36 neurotypical children between the ages of 10 and 18 years. Results indicated that scores from parent report on the Childhood Joint Attention Rating Scale were stable across a 15-month period in middle childhood for the three groups and groups received significantly different Childhood Joint Attention Rating Scale scores. Finally, construct validity was supported by the observation of correlations between tester observations of items on Autism Diagnostic Observation Scale-2 Social Affect and subsequent parent report on the Childhood Joint Attention Rating Scale. These results provide further evidence that the Childhood Joint Attention Rating Scale provides meaningful and potentially unique information about prosocial and social symptom development of school-aged autistic children.Lay abstract This study tested a measure designed to capture social development in childhood and adolescence called the Childhood Joint Attention Rating Scale. This is important to study as most measures of social behavior are for preschool-aged children. We asked parents of 64 autistic children, 27 children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and 36 neurotypical children to fill out a new parent questionnaire designed to assess social skills. Specifically, our measure asks about both strengths and difficulties their child has with sharing experiences, engaging in cooperative efforts with others, and more. It is important to have strengths included in measures, as many autism measures only take difficulties into account. The findings of this study show that this new measure can assess social skill strengths and difficulties in children and adolescents. This measure may be useful in future research to help us understand how strengths and challenges in social behaviors develop or change throughout childhood and adolescence in autistic people. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241304208 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=555

"You should smile more": Population-level sex differences in smiling also exist in autistic people / Casey J ZAMPELLA in Autism, 29-5 (May 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 29-5 (May 2025) . - p.1236-1245 Titre : "You should smile more": Population-level sex differences in smiling also exist in autistic people Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Casey J ZAMPELLA, Auteur ; Julia PARISH-MORRIS, Auteur ; Jessica FOY, Auteur ; Meredith COLA, Auteur ; Robert T SCHULTZ, Auteur ; John D HERRINGTON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1236-1245 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  computer vision  facial expression  sex differences  smiling Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Societal expectations for social-emotional behavior differ across sexes; however, diagnostic definitions of autism do not account for this when delineating "typical" versus "atypical." This study examines sex differences in autism in one behavior associated with strong gender biases: smiling. Computer vision was used to quantify smiling in 60 autistic (20 female) and 67 neurotypical (25 female) youth during conversations. Effects of sex and diagnosis were examined on degree of smiling, smile prototypicality, changes in smiling, and impact of smiling on interaction quality. Sex differences in smiling persisted across diagnosis groups: females smiled more than males, and their smiles were more prototypical. Autistic youth smiled less, and less prototypically, than neurotypical youth, with no sex by diagnosis interactions. In autism, the association between smile activity and interaction quality approached statistical significance, seemingly driven by autistic males but not females. Findings are consistent with population trends for females to smile more during social exchanges and "display rules" requiring more positive expressivity from females. Autism has historically been defined based on differences between autistic and neurotypical males. Failure to acknowledge sex-based differences in social-emotional behavior may leave some females appearing to have fewer autistic traits, increasing their risk of being under-identified and misunderstood.Lay abstractThis study uses automated computerized methods to measure facial expression, namely smiling, in autistic and neurotypical males and females as they converse naturally with an unfamiliar social partner. Results show that typical population-level sex differences in smiling also exist in autistic youth; females smile more and more prototypically than males. Failure to acknowledge these sex-based differences in social-emotional norms and behavior may leave autistic females at increased risk for being misdiagnosed and misunderstood. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241301113 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=555 [article] "You should smile more": Population-level sex differences in smiling also exist in autistic people [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Casey J ZAMPELLA, Auteur ; Julia PARISH-MORRIS, Auteur ; Jessica FOY, Auteur ; Meredith COLA, Auteur ; Robert T SCHULTZ, Auteur ; John D HERRINGTON, Auteur . - p.1236-1245. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 29-5 (May 2025) . - p.1236-1245 Mots-clés : autism  computer vision  facial expression  sex differences  smiling Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Societal expectations for social-emotional behavior differ across sexes; however, diagnostic definitions of autism do not account for this when delineating "typical" versus "atypical." This study examines sex differences in autism in one behavior associated with strong gender biases: smiling. Computer vision was used to quantify smiling in 60 autistic (20 female) and 67 neurotypical (25 female) youth during conversations. Effects of sex and diagnosis were examined on degree of smiling, smile prototypicality, changes in smiling, and impact of smiling on interaction quality. Sex differences in smiling persisted across diagnosis groups: females smiled more than males, and their smiles were more prototypical. Autistic youth smiled less, and less prototypically, than neurotypical youth, with no sex by diagnosis interactions. In autism, the association between smile activity and interaction quality approached statistical significance, seemingly driven by autistic males but not females. Findings are consistent with population trends for females to smile more during social exchanges and "display rules" requiring more positive expressivity from females. Autism has historically been defined based on differences between autistic and neurotypical males. Failure to acknowledge sex-based differences in social-emotional behavior may leave some females appearing to have fewer autistic traits, increasing their risk of being under-identified and misunderstood.Lay abstractThis study uses automated computerized methods to measure facial expression, namely smiling, in autistic and neurotypical males and females as they converse naturally with an unfamiliar social partner. Results show that typical population-level sex differences in smiling also exist in autistic youth; females smile more and more prototypically than males. Failure to acknowledge these sex-based differences in social-emotional norms and behavior may leave autistic females at increased risk for being misdiagnosed and misunderstood. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241301113 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=555

Adapting an early autism caregiver coaching intervention for telehealth delivery in low-resource settings: A South African study of the 'what' and the 'why' / Marisa VILJOEN in Autism, 29-5 (May 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 29-5 (May 2025) . - p.1246-1262 Titre : Adapting an early autism caregiver coaching intervention for telehealth delivery in low-resource settings: A South African study of the 'what' and the 'why' Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Marisa VILJOEN, Auteur ; Noleen SERIS, Auteur ; Nokuthula SHABALALA, Auteur ; Minkateko NDLOVU, Auteur ; Petrus J DE VRIES, Auteur ; Lauren FRANZ, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1246-1262 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adaptation  caregiver coaching  exploration  implementation  Naturalistic Developmental Behavioural Intervention  preparation  sustainment (EPIS) framework  telehealth  The Framework for Modification and Adaptations (FRAME) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The COVID-19 pandemic required in-person interventions to be adapted for remote delivery all over the globe. In South Africa, an in-person cascaded task-sharing naturalistic developmental behavioural intervention was adapted for telehealth delivery in a low-resource context. Here we describe the adaptations made (the 'what') and reasons for adaptations (the 'why'). The Framework for Modification and Adaptations (FRAME) was used to document the 'what', and the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, Sustainment (EPIS) framework to describe the 'why'. Systematic member-checking ensured robustness of results. The 'what' included 10 adaptations: selecting WhatsApp as delivery platform, developing images with simple text to communicate intervention concepts, modifying session structure for hybrid delivery, including a caregiver self-reflection checklist, utilizing online practitioner training, supervision, assessment and consent procedures, developing session recording procedures, distributing session materials electronically, and developing caregiver-child interaction recording and uploading protocols. The 'why' included three outer contextual factors (the digital divide, WhatsApp security/privacy policy, and COVID-19 restrictions), three inner contextual factors (characteristics of caregivers and practitioners, ethics board guidance, and school leadership and organizational characteristics) and one innovation factor (support from intervention co-developers). Adaptations were made in response to unchangeable outer contextual factors and through identification of malleable inner contextual factors.Lay abstract We were busy with an early autism caregiver-coaching programme in South Africa, when COVID-19 stopped all in-person work. We changed the programme so it could be done using computers and/or phones. Here, we describe programme changes (which we call the 'what') and the reasons for those changes (which we call the 'why'). We used a tool called the Framework for Modification and Adaptations (FRAME) to describe the 'what', and the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, Sustainment (EPIS) framework to describe the 'why' of our programme changes. The team members who helped make these changes checked that the changes described were correct. We made 10 changes in total: we used WhatsApp to deliver the programme, made simple pictures with words as visual tools for the programme, changed some session activities, changed a self-reflection checklist, provided all activities online, changed the way assessment and consent was done, made a session recording guide, sent things needed for sessions by email and WhatsApp, and made a caregiver-child play recording guide. The reasons for changes (the 'why') were about factors outside schools (the types of phones and data people had, WhatsApp security rules, COVID-19 rules), things inside schools/workplace (about the caregivers and nonspecialists themselves, ethics boards, things about the school itself), and support from people who developed the programme. Changes were made by working with things inside schools/workplace that could change. Identifying what could change helped focus and guide which changes were made to a programme. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241300774 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=555 [article] Adapting an early autism caregiver coaching intervention for telehealth delivery in low-resource settings: A South African study of the 'what' and the 'why' [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Marisa VILJOEN, Auteur ; Noleen SERIS, Auteur ; Nokuthula SHABALALA, Auteur ; Minkateko NDLOVU, Auteur ; Petrus J DE VRIES, Auteur ; Lauren FRANZ, Auteur . - p.1246-1262. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 29-5 (May 2025) . - p.1246-1262 Mots-clés : adaptation  caregiver coaching  exploration  implementation  Naturalistic Developmental Behavioural Intervention  preparation  sustainment (EPIS) framework  telehealth  The Framework for Modification and Adaptations (FRAME) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The COVID-19 pandemic required in-person interventions to be adapted for remote delivery all over the globe. In South Africa, an in-person cascaded task-sharing naturalistic developmental behavioural intervention was adapted for telehealth delivery in a low-resource context. Here we describe the adaptations made (the 'what') and reasons for adaptations (the 'why'). The Framework for Modification and Adaptations (FRAME) was used to document the 'what', and the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, Sustainment (EPIS) framework to describe the 'why'. Systematic member-checking ensured robustness of results. The 'what' included 10 adaptations: selecting WhatsApp as delivery platform, developing images with simple text to communicate intervention concepts, modifying session structure for hybrid delivery, including a caregiver self-reflection checklist, utilizing online practitioner training, supervision, assessment and consent procedures, developing session recording procedures, distributing session materials electronically, and developing caregiver-child interaction recording and uploading protocols. The 'why' included three outer contextual factors (the digital divide, WhatsApp security/privacy policy, and COVID-19 restrictions), three inner contextual factors (characteristics of caregivers and practitioners, ethics board guidance, and school leadership and organizational characteristics) and one innovation factor (support from intervention co-developers). Adaptations were made in response to unchangeable outer contextual factors and through identification of malleable inner contextual factors.Lay abstract We were busy with an early autism caregiver-coaching programme in South Africa, when COVID-19 stopped all in-person work. We changed the programme so it could be done using computers and/or phones. Here, we describe programme changes (which we call the 'what') and the reasons for those changes (which we call the 'why'). We used a tool called the Framework for Modification and Adaptations (FRAME) to describe the 'what', and the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, Sustainment (EPIS) framework to describe the 'why' of our programme changes. The team members who helped make these changes checked that the changes described were correct. We made 10 changes in total: we used WhatsApp to deliver the programme, made simple pictures with words as visual tools for the programme, changed some session activities, changed a self-reflection checklist, provided all activities online, changed the way assessment and consent was done, made a session recording guide, sent things needed for sessions by email and WhatsApp, and made a caregiver-child play recording guide. The reasons for changes (the 'why') were about factors outside schools (the types of phones and data people had, WhatsApp security rules, COVID-19 rules), things inside schools/workplace (about the caregivers and nonspecialists themselves, ethics boards, things about the school itself), and support from people who developed the programme. Changes were made by working with things inside schools/workplace that could change. Identifying what could change helped focus and guide which changes were made to a programme. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241300774 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=555

Understanding the barriers to hiring autistic people as perceived by employers in the United Kingdom / Marianne DAY in Autism, 29-5 (May 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 29-5 (May 2025) . - p.1263-1274 Titre : Understanding the barriers to hiring autistic people as perceived by employers in the United Kingdom Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Marianne DAY, Auteur ; Chantelle WOOD, Auteur ; Elizabeth CORKER, Auteur ; Megan FREETH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1263-1274 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adults  autism spectrum disorders  vocational/labour force participation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Supporting more autistic people into employment is a major priority of the United Kingdom?s National Autism Strategy (2021-2026). However, little is known about the barriers employers perceive to hiring autistic people. A pre-registered cross-sectional survey study was conducted on a nationally representative sample of 1212 individuals with recent hiring experience. The Capability, Opportunity, Motivation - Behaviour framework and the Theoretical Domains Framework were used to identify perceived barriers to hiring autistic people. Results indicated that intentions to hire autistic people and to make adjustments to the hiring process were high. However, barriers existed in relation to knowledge about autism and how to make adjustments, as well as perceived limited opportunities to hire autistic people. Intentions to hire autistic people were higher for younger participants, men, people with higher levels of autism knowledge and those with more experience of previously hiring autistic people. Analysis of qualitative responses revealed employer concerns about workplace relationships, productivity and the need for training and adjustments to hiring processes. This study demonstrated that important targets for intervention are improving employer knowledge of autism and building more inclusive hiring practices. Practical suggestions for implementation are provided. These findings are significant for development of policies aimed at improving employment outcomes for autistic people.Lay abstract In the United Kingdom, autistic adults struggle more to find jobs than non-autistic adults, which is a big concern to the government. To help more autistic people get jobs, hiring processes need to be better. By understanding what employers find challenging about hiring autistic people, we can come up with solutions to improve autistic people?s employment chances. A survey of 1212 employers and employees who hire people was conducted to find out what affects employers' decisions to hire autistic people. Most people said they were open to hiring autistic applicants. This was particularly true for younger employers and men. People who had hired autistic people before were more likely to intend to do so again. However, key barriers to hiring were (1) not knowing enough about autism and (2) problems with how hiring is usually done in organisations. Employers also reported worrying about whether autistic employees would fit in at work, their productivity and the need for better training and changes to hiring methods. Our results indicate that it is important to educate employers about autism and make hiring practices more inclusive. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241301493 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=555 [article] Understanding the barriers to hiring autistic people as perceived by employers in the United Kingdom [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Marianne DAY, Auteur ; Chantelle WOOD, Auteur ; Elizabeth CORKER, Auteur ; Megan FREETH, Auteur . - p.1263-1274. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 29-5 (May 2025) . - p.1263-1274 Mots-clés : adults  autism spectrum disorders  vocational/labour force participation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Supporting more autistic people into employment is a major priority of the United Kingdom?s National Autism Strategy (2021-2026). However, little is known about the barriers employers perceive to hiring autistic people. A pre-registered cross-sectional survey study was conducted on a nationally representative sample of 1212 individuals with recent hiring experience. The Capability, Opportunity, Motivation - Behaviour framework and the Theoretical Domains Framework were used to identify perceived barriers to hiring autistic people. Results indicated that intentions to hire autistic people and to make adjustments to the hiring process were high. However, barriers existed in relation to knowledge about autism and how to make adjustments, as well as perceived limited opportunities to hire autistic people. Intentions to hire autistic people were higher for younger participants, men, people with higher levels of autism knowledge and those with more experience of previously hiring autistic people. Analysis of qualitative responses revealed employer concerns about workplace relationships, productivity and the need for training and adjustments to hiring processes. This study demonstrated that important targets for intervention are improving employer knowledge of autism and building more inclusive hiring practices. Practical suggestions for implementation are provided. These findings are significant for development of policies aimed at improving employment outcomes for autistic people.Lay abstract In the United Kingdom, autistic adults struggle more to find jobs than non-autistic adults, which is a big concern to the government. To help more autistic people get jobs, hiring processes need to be better. By understanding what employers find challenging about hiring autistic people, we can come up with solutions to improve autistic people?s employment chances. A survey of 1212 employers and employees who hire people was conducted to find out what affects employers' decisions to hire autistic people. Most people said they were open to hiring autistic applicants. This was particularly true for younger employers and men. People who had hired autistic people before were more likely to intend to do so again. However, key barriers to hiring were (1) not knowing enough about autism and (2) problems with how hiring is usually done in organisations. Employers also reported worrying about whether autistic employees would fit in at work, their productivity and the need for better training and changes to hiring methods. Our results indicate that it is important to educate employers about autism and make hiring practices more inclusive. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241301493 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=555

'It depends entirely on the nature of those supports': Community perceptions of the appropriateness of early support services for autistic children / Rhylee SULEK in Autism, 29-5 (May 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 29-5 (May 2025) . - p.1275-1284 Titre : 'It depends entirely on the nature of those supports': Community perceptions of the appropriateness of early support services for autistic children Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Rhylee SULEK, Auteur ; Chris EDWARDS, Auteur ; Ruth MONK, Auteur ; Lee PATRICK, Auteur ; Sarah PILLAR, Auteur ; Andrew JO WHITEHOUSE, Auteur ; Hannah WADDINGTON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1275-1284 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  co-production  early support services  neurodiversity  reflexive thematic analysis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic advocates emphasise the need for neurodiversity-affirming and strengths-based approaches to support services; however, little is known about broader community perspectives regarding the appropriateness of offering early support services to autistic children. This co-designed mixed-methods study employed surveys to gather insights from 253 participants in Australia and New Zealand, including autistic adults, parents, and professionals. Participants shared views on the appropriateness of early support services for autistic children. About half of participants indicated that it was appropriate to provide early support services, while the other half indicated that it depended on the nature of those support services. Reflexive thematic analysis resulted in three overarching themes which explain these views. 'They are children first, after all' emphasises the importance of preserving childhood experiences and involving children in decision-making. 'We shouldn?t be aiming to fix the child' underscores the need for support services to align with neurodiversity-affirming approaches. Finally, 'Supports are beneficial' highlights the perceived positive impact that early, individualised support services can provide for autistic children. These findings predominantly signal a shift away from medicalised models towards a neurodiversity-affirming approach across participant groups.Lay abstract We do not know much about what support services people think are okay for young autistic children. This study was a survey of 253 people. We asked autistic adults, parents, and professionals from Australia and New Zealand whether they thought it was okay to provide support services to autistic children. About half the people who shared their thoughts said it was okay to provide support services to autistic children and the other half said it depended on what the support service was like. They had three main ideas about whether support services were okay or not. The first one is that we should remember that these autistic children are children first, so we need to keep their childhood experiences in mind and let them have a say in decisions. The second is that we should not try to 'fix' the child, but instead, use supports that respect and understand the unique ways the child thinks. The final idea is that early, personalised help is good for autistic children and can make a positive difference in their lives. This study suggests that we should focus on what each child needs, think about how children can join in, and provide help in ways that respect autistic children. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241302372 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=555 [article] 'It depends entirely on the nature of those supports': Community perceptions of the appropriateness of early support services for autistic children [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Rhylee SULEK, Auteur ; Chris EDWARDS, Auteur ; Ruth MONK, Auteur ; Lee PATRICK, Auteur ; Sarah PILLAR, Auteur ; Andrew JO WHITEHOUSE, Auteur ; Hannah WADDINGTON, Auteur . - p.1275-1284. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 29-5 (May 2025) . - p.1275-1284 Mots-clés : autism  co-production  early support services  neurodiversity  reflexive thematic analysis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic advocates emphasise the need for neurodiversity-affirming and strengths-based approaches to support services; however, little is known about broader community perspectives regarding the appropriateness of offering early support services to autistic children. This co-designed mixed-methods study employed surveys to gather insights from 253 participants in Australia and New Zealand, including autistic adults, parents, and professionals. Participants shared views on the appropriateness of early support services for autistic children. About half of participants indicated that it was appropriate to provide early support services, while the other half indicated that it depended on the nature of those support services. Reflexive thematic analysis resulted in three overarching themes which explain these views. 'They are children first, after all' emphasises the importance of preserving childhood experiences and involving children in decision-making. 'We shouldn?t be aiming to fix the child' underscores the need for support services to align with neurodiversity-affirming approaches. Finally, 'Supports are beneficial' highlights the perceived positive impact that early, individualised support services can provide for autistic children. These findings predominantly signal a shift away from medicalised models towards a neurodiversity-affirming approach across participant groups.Lay abstract We do not know much about what support services people think are okay for young autistic children. This study was a survey of 253 people. We asked autistic adults, parents, and professionals from Australia and New Zealand whether they thought it was okay to provide support services to autistic children. About half the people who shared their thoughts said it was okay to provide support services to autistic children and the other half said it depended on what the support service was like. They had three main ideas about whether support services were okay or not. The first one is that we should remember that these autistic children are children first, so we need to keep their childhood experiences in mind and let them have a say in decisions. The second is that we should not try to 'fix' the child, but instead, use supports that respect and understand the unique ways the child thinks. The final idea is that early, personalised help is good for autistic children and can make a positive difference in their lives. This study suggests that we should focus on what each child needs, think about how children can join in, and provide help in ways that respect autistic children. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241302372 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=555

Gender and family-role portrayals of autism in British newspapers: An intersectional corpus-based study / Themis KARAMINIS in Autism, 29-5 (May 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 29-5 (May 2025) . - p.1285-1302 Titre : Gender and family-role portrayals of autism in British newspapers: An intersectional corpus-based study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Themis KARAMINIS, Auteur ; Costas GABRIELATOS, Auteur ; Ursula MADEN-WEINBERGER, Auteur ; Geoffrey BEATTIE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1285-1302 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  family  gender  newspapers  stereotypes  stigma Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A recent large-scale study on the portrayal of autism in British newspapers revealed a deficit-based coverage, which concentrated on children and boys in particular, typically represented from the mothers' perspective. This follow-up study refines these representations, considering how they differ by gender and family role. We analysed 2998 text samples, which discussed autism in the context of four combinations of gender and family roles, namely, BOY, GIRL, FATHER and MOTHER. These samples included sources with different publication dates, reporting style and political orientation. Autism representations remained negative regardless of gender and family role. Over time, stories about autistic girls started to emerge, identifying them as a distinct group explicitly compared to autistic boys. Newspapers, especially broadsheets, associated girls with diagnostic difficulties, camouflaging and sometimes gender dysphoria ? discussed particularly for those assigned female at birth. The child?s autism was more often attributed to maternal than paternal behaviours or lifestyle. Autistic mothers were mentioned more often than fathers and were portrayed negatively. We conclude that newspapers portray female autism as less significant than male autism and, in addition, place mothers under more ethical scrutiny than fathers. These disparities reflect both historical biases in autism research and gender and family-role stereotypes.Lay abstract News media influence how society views different social groups. A recent study which examined how British newspapers represent autism found that the coverage was largely negative, focused mainly on boys, and often presented their stories from the perspectives of their mothers. This follow-up study aims to understand how these representations vary by gender and family role. We analysed 2998 short newspaper texts discussing autism in terms of four groups: boys, girls, fathers and mothers. We looked at articles from different times, with various reporting styles and political leanings. Across all these sources, autism was portrayed negatively regardless of gender or family role. Over time, newspapers did tend to mention autistic girls more frequently, highlighting them as a distinct group compared to autistic boys. Newspapers, especially broadsheets, often focused on how autistic girls face difficulties in getting diagnosed and hide their characteristics, and on the role autism may play in gender identity issues, particularly for girls assigned female at birth. In addition, newspapers attributed more blame for the child?s autism to mothers' than fathers' behaviours. Autistic mothers were mentioned more frequently than fathers, however these mentions were often negative. Our results suggest that newspapers portray autism in girls as less significant than the autism of boys and criticise mothers of autistic children more harshly than their fathers. These findings reflect long-standing biases in autism research and reinforce broader stereotypes about gender and family roles. Such biased reporting may hinder public understanding and acceptance of the diverse experiences within the autistic community. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241303547 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=555 [article] Gender and family-role portrayals of autism in British newspapers: An intersectional corpus-based study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Themis KARAMINIS, Auteur ; Costas GABRIELATOS, Auteur ; Ursula MADEN-WEINBERGER, Auteur ; Geoffrey BEATTIE, Auteur . - p.1285-1302. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 29-5 (May 2025) . - p.1285-1302 Mots-clés : autism  family  gender  newspapers  stereotypes  stigma Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A recent large-scale study on the portrayal of autism in British newspapers revealed a deficit-based coverage, which concentrated on children and boys in particular, typically represented from the mothers' perspective. This follow-up study refines these representations, considering how they differ by gender and family role. We analysed 2998 text samples, which discussed autism in the context of four combinations of gender and family roles, namely, BOY, GIRL, FATHER and MOTHER. These samples included sources with different publication dates, reporting style and political orientation. Autism representations remained negative regardless of gender and family role. Over time, stories about autistic girls started to emerge, identifying them as a distinct group explicitly compared to autistic boys. Newspapers, especially broadsheets, associated girls with diagnostic difficulties, camouflaging and sometimes gender dysphoria ? discussed particularly for those assigned female at birth. The child?s autism was more often attributed to maternal than paternal behaviours or lifestyle. Autistic mothers were mentioned more often than fathers and were portrayed negatively. We conclude that newspapers portray female autism as less significant than male autism and, in addition, place mothers under more ethical scrutiny than fathers. These disparities reflect both historical biases in autism research and gender and family-role stereotypes.Lay abstract News media influence how society views different social groups. A recent study which examined how British newspapers represent autism found that the coverage was largely negative, focused mainly on boys, and often presented their stories from the perspectives of their mothers. This follow-up study aims to understand how these representations vary by gender and family role. We analysed 2998 short newspaper texts discussing autism in terms of four groups: boys, girls, fathers and mothers. We looked at articles from different times, with various reporting styles and political leanings. Across all these sources, autism was portrayed negatively regardless of gender or family role. Over time, newspapers did tend to mention autistic girls more frequently, highlighting them as a distinct group compared to autistic boys. Newspapers, especially broadsheets, often focused on how autistic girls face difficulties in getting diagnosed and hide their characteristics, and on the role autism may play in gender identity issues, particularly for girls assigned female at birth. In addition, newspapers attributed more blame for the child?s autism to mothers' than fathers' behaviours. Autistic mothers were mentioned more frequently than fathers, however these mentions were often negative. Our results suggest that newspapers portray autism in girls as less significant than the autism of boys and criticise mothers of autistic children more harshly than their fathers. These findings reflect long-standing biases in autism research and reinforce broader stereotypes about gender and family roles. Such biased reporting may hinder public understanding and acceptance of the diverse experiences within the autistic community. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241303547 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=555

Policing Black autistic children: A qualitative approach to understanding Black caregivers' concerns / Ashlee YATES FLANAGAN in Autism, 29-5 (May 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 29-5 (May 2025) . - p.1303-1317 Titre : Policing Black autistic children: A qualitative approach to understanding Black caregivers' concerns Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ashlee YATES FLANAGAN, Auteur ; Meredith COLA, Auteur ; Naomi YU, Auteur ; Haley PEELE, Auteur ; Keeana DICETTE, Auteur ; Grace HICKS, Auteur ; Maggie Rose PELELLA, Auteur ; Ayana KING-POINTER, Auteur ; Jamiel OWENS, Auteur ; Dieu M. TRUONG, Auteur ; Aili HAUPTMANN, Auteur ; Juan PACHECO, Auteur ; Alison RUSSELL, Auteur ; Amanda LEE, Auteur ; Sarah SCHILLINGER, Auteur ; Maxine COVELLO, Auteur ; Meg LYONS, Auteur ; Rita SOLORZANO, Auteur ; Sinan TURNACIOGLU, Auteur ; Vijay RAVINDRAN, Auteur ; Joseph P. MCCLEERY, Auteur ; Judith S. MILLER, Auteur ; Julia PARISH-MORRIS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1303-1317 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  Black  caregivers  law enforcement  police  qualitative Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In the United States, Black autistic youth face elevated risk of negative outcomes during police interactions. Although the outcomes of these interactions are well-documented, less is known about Black autistic youths' experiences during police encounters, as the current literature has largely examined the experiences of autistic adults, mostly White American samples, and/or autistic youth abroad. This study utilizes qualitative methods to examine the perceptions and concerns of 43 Black caregivers (N = 43; 98% parents; 2% legal guardians; 93% mothers) of Black autistic children (mean age: 16.5; 79% male) regarding police interactions with their autistic children. Four themes emerged: concerns regarding the Quality of police officers' training, children?s Autistic behaviors being inappropriately policed, the explicit Threat of harm and murder, and the hope for Mindful Policing. These findings demonstrate that caregivers' concerns about police behaviors are inextricably linked to their concerns about the quality of police officers' training. The results of this study highlight (1) the importance of including racially and ethnically diverse individuals in research exploring autistic individuals' police interactions, (2) the need for culturally responsive adaptations to existing policing interventions designed for autistic people, and (3) the urgency of integrating Black caregivers' concerns into law enforcement training efforts.Lay abstract In the United States, Black autistic youth face elevated risk of negative outcomes during police interactions. Although the outcomes of these interactions are well-documented, less is known about Black autistic youths' experiences during police encounters, as the current literature has largely examined the experiences of autistic adults, mostly White American samples, and/or autistic youth abroad. This study utilizes qualitative methods to examine the perceptions and concerns of 43 Black caregivers (N = 43; 98% parents; 2% legal guardians; 93% mothers) of Black autistic children (mean age: 16.5; 79% male) regarding police interactions with their autistic children. Through phenomenological analysis, four dominant themes emerged: concerns regarding the Quality of police officers' training, children?s Autistic behaviors being inappropriately policed, the explicit Threat of harm and murder, and the hope for Mindful Policing. These findings demonstrate that caregivers' perceptions of police behavior are inextricably linked to their concerns about the quality of police officers' training. This study highlights (1) the importance of including racially and ethnically diverse individuals in research exploring autistic individuals' police interactions, (2) the need for culturally responsive and neuro-affirming adaptations to existing policing interventions designed for autistic people, and (3) the urgency of integrating Black caregivers' concerns into law enforcement training efforts. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241303549 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=555 [article] Policing Black autistic children: A qualitative approach to understanding Black caregivers' concerns [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ashlee YATES FLANAGAN, Auteur ; Meredith COLA, Auteur ; Naomi YU, Auteur ; Haley PEELE, Auteur ; Keeana DICETTE, Auteur ; Grace HICKS, Auteur ; Maggie Rose PELELLA, Auteur ; Ayana KING-POINTER, Auteur ; Jamiel OWENS, Auteur ; Dieu M. TRUONG, Auteur ; Aili HAUPTMANN, Auteur ; Juan PACHECO, Auteur ; Alison RUSSELL, Auteur ; Amanda LEE, Auteur ; Sarah SCHILLINGER, Auteur ; Maxine COVELLO, Auteur ; Meg LYONS, Auteur ; Rita SOLORZANO, Auteur ; Sinan TURNACIOGLU, Auteur ; Vijay RAVINDRAN, Auteur ; Joseph P. MCCLEERY, Auteur ; Judith S. MILLER, Auteur ; Julia PARISH-MORRIS, Auteur . - p.1303-1317. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 29-5 (May 2025) . - p.1303-1317 Mots-clés : autism  Black  caregivers  law enforcement  police  qualitative Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In the United States, Black autistic youth face elevated risk of negative outcomes during police interactions. Although the outcomes of these interactions are well-documented, less is known about Black autistic youths' experiences during police encounters, as the current literature has largely examined the experiences of autistic adults, mostly White American samples, and/or autistic youth abroad. This study utilizes qualitative methods to examine the perceptions and concerns of 43 Black caregivers (N = 43; 98% parents; 2% legal guardians; 93% mothers) of Black autistic children (mean age: 16.5; 79% male) regarding police interactions with their autistic children. Four themes emerged: concerns regarding the Quality of police officers' training, children?s Autistic behaviors being inappropriately policed, the explicit Threat of harm and murder, and the hope for Mindful Policing. These findings demonstrate that caregivers' concerns about police behaviors are inextricably linked to their concerns about the quality of police officers' training. The results of this study highlight (1) the importance of including racially and ethnically diverse individuals in research exploring autistic individuals' police interactions, (2) the need for culturally responsive adaptations to existing policing interventions designed for autistic people, and (3) the urgency of integrating Black caregivers' concerns into law enforcement training efforts.Lay abstract In the United States, Black autistic youth face elevated risk of negative outcomes during police interactions. Although the outcomes of these interactions are well-documented, less is known about Black autistic youths' experiences during police encounters, as the current literature has largely examined the experiences of autistic adults, mostly White American samples, and/or autistic youth abroad. This study utilizes qualitative methods to examine the perceptions and concerns of 43 Black caregivers (N = 43; 98% parents; 2% legal guardians; 93% mothers) of Black autistic children (mean age: 16.5; 79% male) regarding police interactions with their autistic children. Through phenomenological analysis, four dominant themes emerged: concerns regarding the Quality of police officers' training, children?s Autistic behaviors being inappropriately policed, the explicit Threat of harm and murder, and the hope for Mindful Policing. These findings demonstrate that caregivers' perceptions of police behavior are inextricably linked to their concerns about the quality of police officers' training. This study highlights (1) the importance of including racially and ethnically diverse individuals in research exploring autistic individuals' police interactions, (2) the need for culturally responsive and neuro-affirming adaptations to existing policing interventions designed for autistic people, and (3) the urgency of integrating Black caregivers' concerns into law enforcement training efforts. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241303549 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=555

Focusing on autism symptoms masks sex-specific needs of autistic children: An example from the Sydney Child Neurodevelopment Research Registry / Marie Antoinette HODGE in Autism, 29-5 (May 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 29-5 (May 2025) . - p.1318-1332 Titre : Focusing on autism symptoms masks sex-specific needs of autistic children: An example from the Sydney Child Neurodevelopment Research Registry Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Marie Antoinette HODGE, Auteur ; Rebecca SUTHERLAND, Auteur ; Kelsie A BOULTON, Auteur ; Sarah Jane BARACZ, Auteur ; Natalie ONG, Auteur ; Beverley BENNETT, Auteur ; Adam J GUASTELLA, Auteur ; Natalie SILOVE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1318-1332 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adaptive skills  age at diagnosis  assigned sex at birth  autism symptoms  developmental skills  intellectual ability Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Studies have shown that there are differences between the presentations of males and females diagnosed with autism. There remains a developing understanding about how the presentation of autism differs between boys (hereafter referred to as 'assigned males at birth') and girls (assigned females at birth). This study sought to investigate the presence of sex differences in autistic children. Participants (1.11-17.97?years) attended an assessment clinic and participated in measures of intelligence/development, social/communication skills and behaviour. Adaptive skills were evaluated using a range of standardised measures, and other clinical and demographic variables were collected (e.g. age, intelligence quotient, ratio of male to female). Assigned males at birth displayed more autism characteristics and greater symptom autism severity than assigned females at birth. No significant differences were found between assigned males at birth and assigned females at birth on any measure of intelligence. Children assigned males at birth received assessments 6?months earlier than children assigned females at birth on average. Externalising behaviour problems were more evident in assigned males at birth, but statistically significant differences in adaptive skills were not apparent between assigned males at birth and assigned females at birth. This study showed assigned females at birth and assigned males at birth differ in autism symptoms and severity and age at diagnosis based on a real-world sample. It highlights the importance of balancing assessments of symptoms with assessment of adaptive function.Lay abstract Studies have shown that there is a difference between biological sex at birth in autism spectrum disorder. There remains a lack of understanding about how the symptoms of autism differ between assigned males at birth and assigned females at birth. We looked at the presence of sex differences in a large group of autistic toddlers, children and adolescents, who were seen in a large diagnosis and assessment clinic. They participated in measures of intelligence/development, social/communication skills and behaviour. Their adaptive skills were evaluated and other clinical and information were collected. Assigned males at birth displayed more autism characteristics and greater symptom autism severity than assigned females at birth. There were no statistically significant differences between assigned males at birth and assigned females at birth on any measure of intellectual assessment. Assigned females at birth showed better nonverbal performance than assigned males at birth on formal developmental assessments. Children assigned males at birth received assessments 6?months earlier than children assigned females at birth. Externalising behaviour problems were more evident in assigned males at birth. This study provides evidence to show that autistic children assigned females at birth and assigned males at birth differ in terms of autism symptoms and severity and age at diagnosis based on a sample recruited in a real-world clinic. It highlights the importance of the growing debate between balancing assessments of symptoms with assessment of adaptive function. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241303550 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=555 [article] Focusing on autism symptoms masks sex-specific needs of autistic children: An example from the Sydney Child Neurodevelopment Research Registry [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Marie Antoinette HODGE, Auteur ; Rebecca SUTHERLAND, Auteur ; Kelsie A BOULTON, Auteur ; Sarah Jane BARACZ, Auteur ; Natalie ONG, Auteur ; Beverley BENNETT, Auteur ; Adam J GUASTELLA, Auteur ; Natalie SILOVE, Auteur . - p.1318-1332. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 29-5 (May 2025) . - p.1318-1332 Mots-clés : adaptive skills  age at diagnosis  assigned sex at birth  autism symptoms  developmental skills  intellectual ability Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Studies have shown that there are differences between the presentations of males and females diagnosed with autism. There remains a developing understanding about how the presentation of autism differs between boys (hereafter referred to as 'assigned males at birth') and girls (assigned females at birth). This study sought to investigate the presence of sex differences in autistic children. Participants (1.11-17.97?years) attended an assessment clinic and participated in measures of intelligence/development, social/communication skills and behaviour. Adaptive skills were evaluated using a range of standardised measures, and other clinical and demographic variables were collected (e.g. age, intelligence quotient, ratio of male to female). Assigned males at birth displayed more autism characteristics and greater symptom autism severity than assigned females at birth. No significant differences were found between assigned males at birth and assigned females at birth on any measure of intelligence. Children assigned males at birth received assessments 6?months earlier than children assigned females at birth on average. Externalising behaviour problems were more evident in assigned males at birth, but statistically significant differences in adaptive skills were not apparent between assigned males at birth and assigned females at birth. This study showed assigned females at birth and assigned males at birth differ in autism symptoms and severity and age at diagnosis based on a real-world sample. It highlights the importance of balancing assessments of symptoms with assessment of adaptive function.Lay abstract Studies have shown that there is a difference between biological sex at birth in autism spectrum disorder. There remains a lack of understanding about how the symptoms of autism differ between assigned males at birth and assigned females at birth. We looked at the presence of sex differences in a large group of autistic toddlers, children and adolescents, who were seen in a large diagnosis and assessment clinic. They participated in measures of intelligence/development, social/communication skills and behaviour. Their adaptive skills were evaluated and other clinical and information were collected. Assigned males at birth displayed more autism characteristics and greater symptom autism severity than assigned females at birth. There were no statistically significant differences between assigned males at birth and assigned females at birth on any measure of intellectual assessment. Assigned females at birth showed better nonverbal performance than assigned males at birth on formal developmental assessments. Children assigned males at birth received assessments 6?months earlier than children assigned females at birth. Externalising behaviour problems were more evident in assigned males at birth. This study provides evidence to show that autistic children assigned females at birth and assigned males at birth differ in terms of autism symptoms and severity and age at diagnosis based on a sample recruited in a real-world clinic. It highlights the importance of the growing debate between balancing assessments of symptoms with assessment of adaptive function. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241303550 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=555

Secondary effects of dialectical behaviour therapy on social functioning, quality of life, and autism traits in autistic adults with suicidality / Anne HUNTJENS in Autism, 29-5 (May 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 29-5 (May 2025) . - p.1333-1345 Titre : Secondary effects of dialectical behaviour therapy on social functioning, quality of life, and autism traits in autistic adults with suicidality Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Anne HUNTJENS, Auteur ; LMC VAN DEN BOSCH, Auteur ; Bram SIZOO, Auteur ; Ad KERKHOF, Auteur ; Filip SMIT, Auteur ; Mark VAN DER GAAG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1333-1345 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  autism traits  dialectical behaviour therapy  quality of life  social functioning  suicidal behaviour Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The effect of psychological treatment on social functioning, quality of life and autism traits in autistic people with suicidal behaviour remains largely unknown. At six Dutch mental health centres, 123 adult outpatients with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th edition) diagnosed autism spectrum condition and suicidal behaviours were randomly assigned to dialectical behaviour therapy (n = 63) or treatment as usual (n = 60) to address their suicidal behaviours. This article analysed secondary outcomes on social functioning, quality of life and autism traits. Outcomes were compared at baseline, post-treatment at 6?months, and 12-month follow-up. At post-treatment, both social functioning (p < 0.001) and quality of life (p = 0.002) were significantly improved in the treatment condition compared to the control condition and remained so at 12-month follow-up (p = 0.003; p = 0.002). Autism traits did not differ between conditions. Autistic individuals with suicidal behaviours benefit modestly from treatment with dialectical behaviour therapy in social functioning and quality of life.Lay abstract Dialectical behaviour therapy is a comprehensive treatment that helps individuals improve distress tolerance, mindfulness, interpersonal effectiveness and emotion regulation. It is commonly used to assist those experiencing self-harm and suicidal thoughts or behaviours. Despite its broad application, our understanding of how dialectical behaviour therapy impacts autistic individuals with suicidal behaviour remains limited. This study compared dialectical behaviour therapy with treatment as usual in 123 autistic adults experiencing suicidal behaviours. Participants were recruited from six mental health centres, with 63 receiving dialectical behaviour therapy and 60 receiving treatment as usual. The study assessed outcomes such as social functioning, quality of life and specific autism traits over 12?months. Findings revealed that dialectical behaviour therapy led to significant improvements in social functioning and quality of life compared to treatment as usual, though there were no effects on autism traits. These improvements suggest that dialectical behaviour therapy holds promise as an effective treatment for autistic individuals grappling with suicidal behaviour. The findings strongly support the broader implementation of dialectical behaviour therapy in mental health centres, especially given the limited treatment options available for autistic individuals with suicidal tendencies. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241302875 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=555 [article] Secondary effects of dialectical behaviour therapy on social functioning, quality of life, and autism traits in autistic adults with suicidality [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Anne HUNTJENS, Auteur ; LMC VAN DEN BOSCH, Auteur ; Bram SIZOO, Auteur ; Ad KERKHOF, Auteur ; Filip SMIT, Auteur ; Mark VAN DER GAAG, Auteur . - p.1333-1345. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 29-5 (May 2025) . - p.1333-1345 Mots-clés : autism  autism traits  dialectical behaviour therapy  quality of life  social functioning  suicidal behaviour Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The effect of psychological treatment on social functioning, quality of life and autism traits in autistic people with suicidal behaviour remains largely unknown. At six Dutch mental health centres, 123 adult outpatients with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th edition) diagnosed autism spectrum condition and suicidal behaviours were randomly assigned to dialectical behaviour therapy (n = 63) or treatment as usual (n = 60) to address their suicidal behaviours. This article analysed secondary outcomes on social functioning, quality of life and autism traits. Outcomes were compared at baseline, post-treatment at 6?months, and 12-month follow-up. At post-treatment, both social functioning (p < 0.001) and quality of life (p = 0.002) were significantly improved in the treatment condition compared to the control condition and remained so at 12-month follow-up (p = 0.003; p = 0.002). Autism traits did not differ between conditions. Autistic individuals with suicidal behaviours benefit modestly from treatment with dialectical behaviour therapy in social functioning and quality of life.Lay abstract Dialectical behaviour therapy is a comprehensive treatment that helps individuals improve distress tolerance, mindfulness, interpersonal effectiveness and emotion regulation. It is commonly used to assist those experiencing self-harm and suicidal thoughts or behaviours. Despite its broad application, our understanding of how dialectical behaviour therapy impacts autistic individuals with suicidal behaviour remains limited. This study compared dialectical behaviour therapy with treatment as usual in 123 autistic adults experiencing suicidal behaviours. Participants were recruited from six mental health centres, with 63 receiving dialectical behaviour therapy and 60 receiving treatment as usual. The study assessed outcomes such as social functioning, quality of life and specific autism traits over 12?months. Findings revealed that dialectical behaviour therapy led to significant improvements in social functioning and quality of life compared to treatment as usual, though there were no effects on autism traits. These improvements suggest that dialectical behaviour therapy holds promise as an effective treatment for autistic individuals grappling with suicidal behaviour. The findings strongly support the broader implementation of dialectical behaviour therapy in mental health centres, especially given the limited treatment options available for autistic individuals with suicidal tendencies. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241302875 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=555

Pre-trained artificial intelligence language model represents pragmatic language variability central to autism and genetically related phenotypes / Joseph CY LAU in Autism, 29-5 (May 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 29-5 (May 2025) . - p.1346-1358 Titre : Pre-trained artificial intelligence language model represents pragmatic language variability central to autism and genetically related phenotypes Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Joseph CY LAU, Auteur ; Emily LANDAU, Auteur ; Qingcheng ZENG, Auteur ; Ruichun ZHANG, Auteur ; Stephanie CRAWFORD, Auteur ; Rob VOIGT, Auteur ; Molly LOSH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1346-1358 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : artificial intelligence  autism  broad autism phenotype  FMR1 premutation  fragile X  pragmatic language  pre-trained language model Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Many individuals with autism experience challenges using language in social contexts (i.e., pragmatic language). Characterizing and understanding pragmatic variability is important to inform intervention strategies and the etiology of communication challenges in autism; however, current manual coding-based methods are often time and labor intensive, and not readily applied in ample sample sizes. This proof-of-concept methodological study employed an artificial intelligence pre-trained language model, Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers, as a tool to address such challenges. We applied Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers to computationally index pragmatic-related variability in autism and in genetically related phenotypes displaying pragmatic differences, namely, in parents of autistic individuals, fragile X syndrome, and FMR1 premutation. Findings suggest that without model fine-tuning, Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers?s Next Sentence Prediction module was able to derive estimates that differentiate autistic from non-autistic groups. Moreover, such computational estimates correlated with manually coded characterization of pragmatic abilities that contribute to conversational coherence, not only in autism but also in the other genetically related phenotypes. This study represents a step forward in evaluating the efficacy of artificial intelligence language models for capturing clinically important pragmatic differences and variability related to autism, showcasing the potential of artificial intelligence to provide automatized, efficient, and objective tools for pragmatic characterization to help advance the field.Lay abstract Autism is clinically defined by challenges with social language, including difficulties offering on-topic language in a conversation. Similar differences are also seen in genetically related conditions such as fragile X syndrome (FXS), and even among those carrying autism-related genes who do not have clinical diagnoses (e.g., the first-degree relatives of autistic individuals and carriers of the FMR1 premutation), which suggests there are genetic influences on social language related to the genes involved in autism. Characterization of social language is therefore important for informing potential intervention strategies and understanding the causes of communication challenges in autism. However, current tools for characterizing social language in both clinical and research settings are very time and labor intensive. In this study, we test an automized computational method that may address this problem. We used a type of artificial intelligence known as pre-trained language model to measure aspects of social language in autistic individuals and their parents, non-autistic comparison groups, and individuals with FXS and the FMR1 premutation. Findings suggest that these artificial intelligence approaches were able to identify differences in social language in autism, and to provide insight into the individuals' ability to keep a conversation on-topic. These findings also were associated with broader measures of participants' social communication ability. This study is one of the first to use artificial intelligence models to capture important differences in social language in autism and genetically related groups, demonstrating how artificial intelligence might be used to provide automatized, efficient, and objective tools for language characterization. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241304488 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=555 [article] Pre-trained artificial intelligence language model represents pragmatic language variability central to autism and genetically related phenotypes [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Joseph CY LAU, Auteur ; Emily LANDAU, Auteur ; Qingcheng ZENG, Auteur ; Ruichun ZHANG, Auteur ; Stephanie CRAWFORD, Auteur ; Rob VOIGT, Auteur ; Molly LOSH, Auteur . - p.1346-1358. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 29-5 (May 2025) . - p.1346-1358 Mots-clés : artificial intelligence  autism  broad autism phenotype  FMR1 premutation  fragile X  pragmatic language  pre-trained language model Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Many individuals with autism experience challenges using language in social contexts (i.e., pragmatic language). Characterizing and understanding pragmatic variability is important to inform intervention strategies and the etiology of communication challenges in autism; however, current manual coding-based methods are often time and labor intensive, and not readily applied in ample sample sizes. This proof-of-concept methodological study employed an artificial intelligence pre-trained language model, Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers, as a tool to address such challenges. We applied Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers to computationally index pragmatic-related variability in autism and in genetically related phenotypes displaying pragmatic differences, namely, in parents of autistic individuals, fragile X syndrome, and FMR1 premutation. Findings suggest that without model fine-tuning, Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers?s Next Sentence Prediction module was able to derive estimates that differentiate autistic from non-autistic groups. Moreover, such computational estimates correlated with manually coded characterization of pragmatic abilities that contribute to conversational coherence, not only in autism but also in the other genetically related phenotypes. This study represents a step forward in evaluating the efficacy of artificial intelligence language models for capturing clinically important pragmatic differences and variability related to autism, showcasing the potential of artificial intelligence to provide automatized, efficient, and objective tools for pragmatic characterization to help advance the field.Lay abstract Autism is clinically defined by challenges with social language, including difficulties offering on-topic language in a conversation. Similar differences are also seen in genetically related conditions such as fragile X syndrome (FXS), and even among those carrying autism-related genes who do not have clinical diagnoses (e.g., the first-degree relatives of autistic individuals and carriers of the FMR1 premutation), which suggests there are genetic influences on social language related to the genes involved in autism. Characterization of social language is therefore important for informing potential intervention strategies and understanding the causes of communication challenges in autism. However, current tools for characterizing social language in both clinical and research settings are very time and labor intensive. In this study, we test an automized computational method that may address this problem. We used a type of artificial intelligence known as pre-trained language model to measure aspects of social language in autistic individuals and their parents, non-autistic comparison groups, and individuals with FXS and the FMR1 premutation. Findings suggest that these artificial intelligence approaches were able to identify differences in social language in autism, and to provide insight into the individuals' ability to keep a conversation on-topic. These findings also were associated with broader measures of participants' social communication ability. This study is one of the first to use artificial intelligence models to capture important differences in social language in autism and genetically related groups, demonstrating how artificial intelligence might be used to provide automatized, efficient, and objective tools for language characterization. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241304488 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=555

COVID-19 health distress among autistic adults: Does psychological flexibility explain effects of health distress on mental health concerns? / Ty B ALLER in Autism, 29-5 (May 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 29-5 (May 2025) . - p.1359-1363 Titre : COVID-19 health distress among autistic adults: Does psychological flexibility explain effects of health distress on mental health concerns? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ty B ALLER, Auteur ; Heather H KELLEY, Auteur ; Audrey JUHASZ, Auteur ; Benjamin COVINGTON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1359-1363 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : anxiety  COVID-19  depression  health distress  mental health  psychological flexibility  stress Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The COVID-19 pandemic caused significant health distress among autistic adults in the United States. While there is considerable evidence that autistic adults' COVID-19 health distress was related to increases in mental health concerns (e.g. depression, anxiety, and stress), there is a less clear understanding of the possible mechanisms by which this process occurs. Accordingly, our participatory action research team assessed whether psychological flexibility, a strengths-based mechanism from acceptance and commitment therapy, mediated the association between COVID-19-related health distress and mental health concerns (e.g. depression, anxiety, and stress). We found that among 281 autistic adults the positive relationship between COVID-19 health distress and mental health concerns was partially mediated by values progress (a component of psychological flexibility) and values obstruction (a component of psychological inflexibility). Results provide preliminary support that the strengths-based mechanism of psychological flexibility might be a salient therapeutic target to improve mental health among autistic adults experiencing health distress.Lay Abstract What is already known?In the United States, the COVID-19 Pandemic caused many autistic adults to be fearful and worried about their health. There is a lot of research that says that when autistic adults experience health distress it can worsen their mental health. We do not know, however, what might explain how experiencing health distress negatively affects mental health. Because of this, our participatory action research team wanted to understand if there are strengths-based processes that help us understand the relationship between health distress and mental health concerns.What does this paper add?We examined among 281 autistic adults how a strengths-based construct from acceptance and commitment therapy called psychological flexibility might explain the relationship between health distress and mental health concerns. We found that for adults that had more values progress, doing the things that mattered to them, was associated with better mental health even while experiencing health distress. We also found that values obstruction, getting stuck on uncomfortable thoughts and feelings and trying to avoid them, explained worse mental health for autistic adults experiencing health distress.Implications for research and practice?The findings of this study provide initial support that psychological flexibility can explain the relationship between health distress and mental health concerns among autistic adults. Interventions that seek to improve psychological flexibility, like acceptance and commitment therapy, might be useful in improving autistic adults' mental health while they are experiencing health distress. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241313403 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=555 [article] COVID-19 health distress among autistic adults: Does psychological flexibility explain effects of health distress on mental health concerns? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ty B ALLER, Auteur ; Heather H KELLEY, Auteur ; Audrey JUHASZ, Auteur ; Benjamin COVINGTON, Auteur . - p.1359-1363. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 29-5 (May 2025) . - p.1359-1363 Mots-clés : anxiety  COVID-19  depression  health distress  mental health  psychological flexibility  stress Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The COVID-19 pandemic caused significant health distress among autistic adults in the United States. While there is considerable evidence that autistic adults' COVID-19 health distress was related to increases in mental health concerns (e.g. depression, anxiety, and stress), there is a less clear understanding of the possible mechanisms by which this process occurs. Accordingly, our participatory action research team assessed whether psychological flexibility, a strengths-based mechanism from acceptance and commitment therapy, mediated the association between COVID-19-related health distress and mental health concerns (e.g. depression, anxiety, and stress). We found that among 281 autistic adults the positive relationship between COVID-19 health distress and mental health concerns was partially mediated by values progress (a component of psychological flexibility) and values obstruction (a component of psychological inflexibility). Results provide preliminary support that the strengths-based mechanism of psychological flexibility might be a salient therapeutic target to improve mental health among autistic adults experiencing health distress.Lay Abstract What is already known?In the United States, the COVID-19 Pandemic caused many autistic adults to be fearful and worried about their health. There is a lot of research that says that when autistic adults experience health distress it can worsen their mental health. We do not know, however, what might explain how experiencing health distress negatively affects mental health. Because of this, our participatory action research team wanted to understand if there are strengths-based processes that help us understand the relationship between health distress and mental health concerns.What does this paper add?We examined among 281 autistic adults how a strengths-based construct from acceptance and commitment therapy called psychological flexibility might explain the relationship between health distress and mental health concerns. We found that for adults that had more values progress, doing the things that mattered to them, was associated with better mental health even while experiencing health distress. We also found that values obstruction, getting stuck on uncomfortable thoughts and feelings and trying to avoid them, explained worse mental health for autistic adults experiencing health distress.Implications for research and practice?The findings of this study provide initial support that psychological flexibility can explain the relationship between health distress and mental health concerns among autistic adults. Interventions that seek to improve psychological flexibility, like acceptance and commitment therapy, might be useful in improving autistic adults' mental health while they are experiencing health distress. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241313403 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=555