Dépouillements

Autism Research: Thank You to Our 2020 Reviewers in Autism Research, 14-1 (January 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-1 (January 2021) . - p.6-10 Titre : Autism Research: Thank You to Our 2020 Reviewers Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Article en page(s) : p.6-10 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2474 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441 [article] Autism Research: Thank You to Our 2020 Reviewers [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] . - p.6-10. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-1 (January 2021) . - p.6-10 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2474 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441

Expression Changes in Epigenetic Gene Pathways Associated With One-Carbon Nutritional Metabolites in Maternal Blood From Pregnancies Resulting in Autism and Non-Typical Neurodevelopment / Yihui ZHU in Autism Research, 14-1 (January 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-1 (January 2021) . - p.11-28 Titre : Expression Changes in Epigenetic Gene Pathways Associated With One-Carbon Nutritional Metabolites in Maternal Blood From Pregnancies Resulting in Autism and Non-Typical Neurodevelopment Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Yihui ZHU, Auteur ; Charles E. MORDAUNT, Auteur ; Blythe DURBIN-JOHNSON, Auteur ; Marie A. CAUDILL, Auteur ; Olga V. MALYSHEVA, Auteur ; Joshua W. MILLER, Auteur ; Ralph GREEN, Auteur ; S. Jill JAMES, Auteur ; Stepan B. MELNYK, Auteur ; M. Daniele FALLIN, Auteur ; Irva HERTZ-PICCIOTTO, Auteur ; Rebecca J. SCHMIDT, Auteur ; Janine M. LASALLE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.11-28 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  maternal blood  neurodevelopment  nutrition  one-carbon metabolites  prenatal  transcriptome Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The prenatal period is a critical window for the development of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The relationship between prenatal nutrients and gestational gene expression in mothers of children later diagnosed with ASD or non-typical development (Non-TD) is poorly understood. Maternal blood collected prospectively during pregnancy provides insights into the effects of nutrition, particularly one-carbon metabolites, on gene pathways and neurodevelopment. Genome-wide transcriptomes were measured with microarrays in 300 maternal blood samples in Markers of Autism Risk in Babies-Learning Early Signs. Sixteen different one-carbon metabolites, including folic acid, betaine, 5'-methyltretrahydrofolate (5-MeTHF), and dimethylglycine (DMG) were measured. Differential expression analysis and weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) were used to compare gene expression between children later diagnosed as typical development (TD), Non-TD and ASD, and to one-carbon metabolites. Using differential gene expression analysis, six transcripts (TGR-AS1, SQSTM1, HLA-C, and RFESD) were associated with child outcomes (ASD, Non-TD, and TD) with genome-wide significance. Genes nominally differentially expressed between ASD and TD significantly overlapped with seven high confidence ASD genes. WGCNA identified co-expressed gene modules significantly correlated with 5-MeTHF, folic acid, DMG, and betaine. A module enriched in DNA methylation functions showed a suggestive protective association with folic acid/5-MeTHF concentrations and ASD risk. Maternal plasma betaine and DMG concentrations were associated with a block of co-expressed genes enriched for adaptive immune, histone modification, and RNA processing functions. These results suggest that the prenatal maternal blood transcriptome is a sensitive indicator of gestational one-carbon metabolite status and changes relevant to children's later neurodevelopmental outcomes. LAY SUMMARY: Pregnancy is a time when maternal nutrition could interact with genetic risk for autism spectrum disorder. Blood samples collected during pregnancy from mothers who had a prior child with autism were examined for gene expression and nutrient metabolites, then compared to the diagnosis of the child at age three. Expression differences in gene pathways related to the immune system and gene regulation were observed for pregnancies of children with autism and non-typical neurodevelopment and were associated with maternal nutrients. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2428 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441 [article] Expression Changes in Epigenetic Gene Pathways Associated With One-Carbon Nutritional Metabolites in Maternal Blood From Pregnancies Resulting in Autism and Non-Typical Neurodevelopment [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Yihui ZHU, Auteur ; Charles E. MORDAUNT, Auteur ; Blythe DURBIN-JOHNSON, Auteur ; Marie A. CAUDILL, Auteur ; Olga V. MALYSHEVA, Auteur ; Joshua W. MILLER, Auteur ; Ralph GREEN, Auteur ; S. Jill JAMES, Auteur ; Stepan B. MELNYK, Auteur ; M. Daniele FALLIN, Auteur ; Irva HERTZ-PICCIOTTO, Auteur ; Rebecca J. SCHMIDT, Auteur ; Janine M. LASALLE, Auteur . - p.11-28. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-1 (January 2021) . - p.11-28 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  maternal blood  neurodevelopment  nutrition  one-carbon metabolites  prenatal  transcriptome Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The prenatal period is a critical window for the development of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The relationship between prenatal nutrients and gestational gene expression in mothers of children later diagnosed with ASD or non-typical development (Non-TD) is poorly understood. Maternal blood collected prospectively during pregnancy provides insights into the effects of nutrition, particularly one-carbon metabolites, on gene pathways and neurodevelopment. Genome-wide transcriptomes were measured with microarrays in 300 maternal blood samples in Markers of Autism Risk in Babies-Learning Early Signs. Sixteen different one-carbon metabolites, including folic acid, betaine, 5'-methyltretrahydrofolate (5-MeTHF), and dimethylglycine (DMG) were measured. Differential expression analysis and weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) were used to compare gene expression between children later diagnosed as typical development (TD), Non-TD and ASD, and to one-carbon metabolites. Using differential gene expression analysis, six transcripts (TGR-AS1, SQSTM1, HLA-C, and RFESD) were associated with child outcomes (ASD, Non-TD, and TD) with genome-wide significance. Genes nominally differentially expressed between ASD and TD significantly overlapped with seven high confidence ASD genes. WGCNA identified co-expressed gene modules significantly correlated with 5-MeTHF, folic acid, DMG, and betaine. A module enriched in DNA methylation functions showed a suggestive protective association with folic acid/5-MeTHF concentrations and ASD risk. Maternal plasma betaine and DMG concentrations were associated with a block of co-expressed genes enriched for adaptive immune, histone modification, and RNA processing functions. These results suggest that the prenatal maternal blood transcriptome is a sensitive indicator of gestational one-carbon metabolite status and changes relevant to children's later neurodevelopmental outcomes. LAY SUMMARY: Pregnancy is a time when maternal nutrition could interact with genetic risk for autism spectrum disorder. Blood samples collected during pregnancy from mothers who had a prior child with autism were examined for gene expression and nutrient metabolites, then compared to the diagnosis of the child at age three. Expression differences in gene pathways related to the immune system and gene regulation were observed for pregnancies of children with autism and non-typical neurodevelopment and were associated with maternal nutrients. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2428 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441

CIM6P/IGF-2 Receptor Ligands Reverse Deficits in Angelman Syndrome Model Mice / Emmanuel CRUZ in Autism Research, 14-1 (January 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-1 (January 2021) . - p.29-45 Titre : CIM6P/IGF-2 Receptor Ligands Reverse Deficits in Angelman Syndrome Model Mice Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Emmanuel CRUZ, Auteur ; Giannina DESCALZI, Auteur ; Adam STEINMETZ, Auteur ; Helen E. SCHARFMAN, Auteur ; Aaron KATZMAN, Auteur ; Cristina M. ALBERINI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.29-45 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Angelman syndrome  Ube3a  audiogenic seizure  cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor  insulin-like growth factor 2  insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor  mannose-6-phosphate  memory  motor response  mouse model Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Angelman syndrome (AS), a genetic disorder that primarily affects the nervous system, is characterized by delayed development, intellectual disability, severe speech impairment, and problems with movement and balance (ataxia). Most affected children also have recurrent seizures (epilepsy). No existing therapies are capable of comprehensively treating the deficits in AS; hence, there is an urgent need to identify new treatments. Here we show that insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) and mannose-6-phosphate (M6P), ligands of two independent binding sites of the cation-independent M6P/IGF-2 receptor (CIM6P/IGF-2R), reverse most major deficits of AS modeled in mice. Subcutaneous injection of IGF-2 or M6P in mice modeling AS restored cognitive impairments as assessed by measurements of contextual and recognition memories, motor deficits assessed by rotarod and hindlimb clasping, and working memory/flexibility measured by Y-maze. IGF-2 also corrected deficits in marble burying and significantly attenuated acoustically induced seizures. An observational battery of tests confirmed that neither ligand changed basic functions including physical characteristics, general behavioral responses, and sensory reflexes, indicating that they are relatively safe. Our data provide strong preclinical evidence that targeting CIM6P/IGF-2R is a promising approach for developing novel therapeutics for AS. LAY SUMMARY: There is no effective treatment for the neurodevelopmental disorder Angelman syndrome (AS). Using a validated AS mouse model, the Ube3a(m-/p+) , in this study we show that systemic administration of ligands of the cation independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor, also known as insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (CIM6P/IGF-2R) reverses cognitive impairment, motor deficits, as well as seizures associated with AS. Thus, ligands that activate the CIM6P/IGF-2R may represent novel, potential therapeutic targets for AS. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2418 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441 [article] CIM6P/IGF-2 Receptor Ligands Reverse Deficits in Angelman Syndrome Model Mice [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Emmanuel CRUZ, Auteur ; Giannina DESCALZI, Auteur ; Adam STEINMETZ, Auteur ; Helen E. SCHARFMAN, Auteur ; Aaron KATZMAN, Auteur ; Cristina M. ALBERINI, Auteur . - p.29-45. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-1 (January 2021) . - p.29-45 Mots-clés : Angelman syndrome  Ube3a  audiogenic seizure  cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor  insulin-like growth factor 2  insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor  mannose-6-phosphate  memory  motor response  mouse model Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Angelman syndrome (AS), a genetic disorder that primarily affects the nervous system, is characterized by delayed development, intellectual disability, severe speech impairment, and problems with movement and balance (ataxia). Most affected children also have recurrent seizures (epilepsy). No existing therapies are capable of comprehensively treating the deficits in AS; hence, there is an urgent need to identify new treatments. Here we show that insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) and mannose-6-phosphate (M6P), ligands of two independent binding sites of the cation-independent M6P/IGF-2 receptor (CIM6P/IGF-2R), reverse most major deficits of AS modeled in mice. Subcutaneous injection of IGF-2 or M6P in mice modeling AS restored cognitive impairments as assessed by measurements of contextual and recognition memories, motor deficits assessed by rotarod and hindlimb clasping, and working memory/flexibility measured by Y-maze. IGF-2 also corrected deficits in marble burying and significantly attenuated acoustically induced seizures. An observational battery of tests confirmed that neither ligand changed basic functions including physical characteristics, general behavioral responses, and sensory reflexes, indicating that they are relatively safe. Our data provide strong preclinical evidence that targeting CIM6P/IGF-2R is a promising approach for developing novel therapeutics for AS. LAY SUMMARY: There is no effective treatment for the neurodevelopmental disorder Angelman syndrome (AS). Using a validated AS mouse model, the Ube3a(m-/p+) , in this study we show that systemic administration of ligands of the cation independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor, also known as insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (CIM6P/IGF-2R) reverses cognitive impairment, motor deficits, as well as seizures associated with AS. Thus, ligands that activate the CIM6P/IGF-2R may represent novel, potential therapeutic targets for AS. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2418 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441

Prolonged Auditory Brainstem Response in Universal Hearing Screening of Newborns with Autism Spectrum Disorder / Oren MIRON in Autism Research, 14-1 (January 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-1 (January 2021) . - p.46-52 Titre : Prolonged Auditory Brainstem Response in Universal Hearing Screening of Newborns with Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Oren MIRON, Auteur ; Rafael E. DELGADO, Auteur ; Christine F. DELGADO, Auteur ; Elizabeth A. SIMPSON, Auteur ; Kun-Hsing YU, Auteur ; Anibal GUTIERREZ, Auteur ; Guangyu ZENG, Auteur ; Jillian N. GERSTENBERGER, Auteur ; Isaac S. KOHANE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.46-52 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : auditory  biomarker  children  event-related potential  infants Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous studies report prolonged auditory brainstem response (ABR) in children and adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Despite its promise as a biomarker, it is unclear whether healthy newborns who later develop ASD also show ABR abnormalities. In the current study, we extracted ABR data on 139,154 newborns from their Universal Newborn Hearing Screening, including 321 newborns who were later diagnosed with ASD. We found that the ASD newborns had significant prolongations of their ABR phase and V-negative latency compared with the non-ASD newborns. Newborns in the ASD group also exhibited greater variance in their latencies compared to previous studies in older ASD samples, likely due in part to the low intensity of the ABR stimulus. These findings suggest that newborns display neurophysiological variation associated with ASD at birth. Future studies with higher-intensity stimulus ABRs may allow more accurate predictions of ASD risk, which could augment the universal ABR test that currently screens millions of newborns worldwide. LAY SUMMARY: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have slow brain responses to sounds. We examined these brain responses from newborns' hearing tests and found that newborns who were later diagnosed with autism also had slower brain responses to sounds. Future studies might use these findings to better predict autism risk, with a hearing test that is already used on millions of newborns worldwide. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2422 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441 [article] Prolonged Auditory Brainstem Response in Universal Hearing Screening of Newborns with Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Oren MIRON, Auteur ; Rafael E. DELGADO, Auteur ; Christine F. DELGADO, Auteur ; Elizabeth A. SIMPSON, Auteur ; Kun-Hsing YU, Auteur ; Anibal GUTIERREZ, Auteur ; Guangyu ZENG, Auteur ; Jillian N. GERSTENBERGER, Auteur ; Isaac S. KOHANE, Auteur . - p.46-52. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-1 (January 2021) . - p.46-52 Mots-clés : auditory  biomarker  children  event-related potential  infants Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous studies report prolonged auditory brainstem response (ABR) in children and adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Despite its promise as a biomarker, it is unclear whether healthy newborns who later develop ASD also show ABR abnormalities. In the current study, we extracted ABR data on 139,154 newborns from their Universal Newborn Hearing Screening, including 321 newborns who were later diagnosed with ASD. We found that the ASD newborns had significant prolongations of their ABR phase and V-negative latency compared with the non-ASD newborns. Newborns in the ASD group also exhibited greater variance in their latencies compared to previous studies in older ASD samples, likely due in part to the low intensity of the ABR stimulus. These findings suggest that newborns display neurophysiological variation associated with ASD at birth. Future studies with higher-intensity stimulus ABRs may allow more accurate predictions of ASD risk, which could augment the universal ABR test that currently screens millions of newborns worldwide. LAY SUMMARY: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have slow brain responses to sounds. We examined these brain responses from newborns' hearing tests and found that newborns who were later diagnosed with autism also had slower brain responses to sounds. Future studies might use these findings to better predict autism risk, with a hearing test that is already used on millions of newborns worldwide. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2422 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441

The Mid-Fusiform Sulcus in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Establishing a Novel Anatomical Landmark Related to Face Processing / Carla J. AMMONS in Autism Research, 14-1 (January 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-1 (January 2021) . - p.53-64 Titre : The Mid-Fusiform Sulcus in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Establishing a Novel Anatomical Landmark Related to Face Processing Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Carla J. AMMONS, Auteur ; Mary-Elizabeth WINSLETT, Auteur ; Jamie BICE, Auteur ; Priyanka PATEL, Auteur ; Kaitlyn E. MAY, Auteur ; Rajesh K. KANA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.53-64 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  brain  face perception  fusiform gyrus  magnetic resonance imaging  neuroanatomy  temporal lobe Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Despite decades of research, the brain basis of aberrant face processing in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remains a topic of debate. The mid-fusiform sulcus (MFS), a minor feature of the ventral occipitotemporal cortex, provides new directions for studying face processing. The MFS closely aligns with face-selective cortical patches and other structural and functional divisions of the fusiform gyrus; however, it has received little attention in clinical populations. We collected structural MRI data from 54 individuals with ASD and 61 age-and-IQ-matched controls ages 8 to 40?years. The MFS was identified on cortical surface reconstructions via 4 trained raters and classified into known surface patterns. Mean MFS gray matter volume (GMV), cortical surface area (SA), cortical thickness (CT), and standard deviation of CT (CT SD) were extracted. Effects of diagnosis, age, and hemisphere on MFS surface presentation and morphometry were assessed via multinomial logistic regression and mixed effects general linear modeling, respectively. The MFS was reliably identified in 97% of hemispheres examined. Macroanatomical patterns and age-related decreases in MFS GMV and CT were similar between groups. CT SD was greater in the left hemisphere in ASD. Participants' ability to interpret emotions and mental states from facial features was significantly negatively correlated with MFS CT and CT SD. Overall, the MFS is a stable feature of the fusiform gyrus in ASD and CT related measures appear to be sensitive to diagnosis and behavior. These results can inform future investigations of face processing and structure-function relationships in populations with social deficits. LAY SUMMARY: A small structural feature of the brain related to seeing faces (the mid-fusiform sulcus; MFS) appears similar in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and neurotypical development; however, the thickness of this structure on the left side of the brain is more variable in ASD. People who are better at judging mental states from another person's eyes tend to have thinner and less variable MFS. This feature may teach us more about face processing and how brain structure influences function in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2425 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441 [article] The Mid-Fusiform Sulcus in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Establishing a Novel Anatomical Landmark Related to Face Processing [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Carla J. AMMONS, Auteur ; Mary-Elizabeth WINSLETT, Auteur ; Jamie BICE, Auteur ; Priyanka PATEL, Auteur ; Kaitlyn E. MAY, Auteur ; Rajesh K. KANA, Auteur . - p.53-64. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-1 (January 2021) . - p.53-64 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  brain  face perception  fusiform gyrus  magnetic resonance imaging  neuroanatomy  temporal lobe Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Despite decades of research, the brain basis of aberrant face processing in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remains a topic of debate. The mid-fusiform sulcus (MFS), a minor feature of the ventral occipitotemporal cortex, provides new directions for studying face processing. The MFS closely aligns with face-selective cortical patches and other structural and functional divisions of the fusiform gyrus; however, it has received little attention in clinical populations. We collected structural MRI data from 54 individuals with ASD and 61 age-and-IQ-matched controls ages 8 to 40?years. The MFS was identified on cortical surface reconstructions via 4 trained raters and classified into known surface patterns. Mean MFS gray matter volume (GMV), cortical surface area (SA), cortical thickness (CT), and standard deviation of CT (CT SD) were extracted. Effects of diagnosis, age, and hemisphere on MFS surface presentation and morphometry were assessed via multinomial logistic regression and mixed effects general linear modeling, respectively. The MFS was reliably identified in 97% of hemispheres examined. Macroanatomical patterns and age-related decreases in MFS GMV and CT were similar between groups. CT SD was greater in the left hemisphere in ASD. Participants' ability to interpret emotions and mental states from facial features was significantly negatively correlated with MFS CT and CT SD. Overall, the MFS is a stable feature of the fusiform gyrus in ASD and CT related measures appear to be sensitive to diagnosis and behavior. These results can inform future investigations of face processing and structure-function relationships in populations with social deficits. LAY SUMMARY: A small structural feature of the brain related to seeing faces (the mid-fusiform sulcus; MFS) appears similar in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and neurotypical development; however, the thickness of this structure on the left side of the brain is more variable in ASD. People who are better at judging mental states from another person's eyes tend to have thinner and less variable MFS. This feature may teach us more about face processing and how brain structure influences function in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2425 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441

A Neuroimaging Preparation Protocol Tailored for Autism / Maria TZIRAKI in Autism Research, 14-1 (January 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-1 (January 2021) . - p.65-74 Titre : A Neuroimaging Preparation Protocol Tailored for Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Maria TZIRAKI, Auteur ; Shruti GARG, Auteur ; Emma HARRISON, Auteur ; Neville B. WRIGHT, Auteur ; Rob HAWKES, Auteur ; Kapasi AKHTAR, Auteur ; Jonathan GREEN, Auteur ; Stavros STIVAROS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.65-74 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Mri  Nf1  autism  fMRI  scanning protocol  spectroscopy Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This paper describes the key basic elements required for a successful multi-parametric MRI data acquisition in awake children with autism. The procedure was designed by taking into account methodological challenges arising from the acquisition of Resting State fMRI (RS fMRI) data, and factors such as cost, time, and staff availability. The ultimate aim was to prepare an imaging preparation protocol with high transferability to the whole autism spectrum, adaptable for use in a multi-site research with multiple time points. As part of a randomized pharmaco-intervention study, 31 children aged 4-10?years with Neurofibromatosis 1 and autism underwent MR imaging at baseline and end of intervention. The protocol consisted of tailored habituation instructions including gradual exposure to scanner noise, a social stories booklet, positive incentive strategies, and Play Therapy support. Success rate for initial acquisition was 71% for GABA+ MR spectroscopy at either location, 87% for perfusion, and 67% for diffusion assessment, and 71% for RS fMRI. Qualitative data indicated that 84% parents found the habituation protocol helpful. LAY SUMMARY: Here we describe a protocol for brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) tailored for children with ASD to help reduce stress and avoid sedation during scanning. This procedure can make advanced medical imaging more accessible and promote a better MRI experience for families of children with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2427 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441 [article] A Neuroimaging Preparation Protocol Tailored for Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Maria TZIRAKI, Auteur ; Shruti GARG, Auteur ; Emma HARRISON, Auteur ; Neville B. WRIGHT, Auteur ; Rob HAWKES, Auteur ; Kapasi AKHTAR, Auteur ; Jonathan GREEN, Auteur ; Stavros STIVAROS, Auteur . - p.65-74. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-1 (January 2021) . - p.65-74 Mots-clés : Mri  Nf1  autism  fMRI  scanning protocol  spectroscopy Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This paper describes the key basic elements required for a successful multi-parametric MRI data acquisition in awake children with autism. The procedure was designed by taking into account methodological challenges arising from the acquisition of Resting State fMRI (RS fMRI) data, and factors such as cost, time, and staff availability. The ultimate aim was to prepare an imaging preparation protocol with high transferability to the whole autism spectrum, adaptable for use in a multi-site research with multiple time points. As part of a randomized pharmaco-intervention study, 31 children aged 4-10?years with Neurofibromatosis 1 and autism underwent MR imaging at baseline and end of intervention. The protocol consisted of tailored habituation instructions including gradual exposure to scanner noise, a social stories booklet, positive incentive strategies, and Play Therapy support. Success rate for initial acquisition was 71% for GABA+ MR spectroscopy at either location, 87% for perfusion, and 67% for diffusion assessment, and 71% for RS fMRI. Qualitative data indicated that 84% parents found the habituation protocol helpful. LAY SUMMARY: Here we describe a protocol for brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) tailored for children with ASD to help reduce stress and avoid sedation during scanning. This procedure can make advanced medical imaging more accessible and promote a better MRI experience for families of children with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2427 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441

Heart Rate Variability in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Associations With Medication and Symptom Severity / Rinku THAPA in Autism Research, 14-1 (January 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-1 (January 2021) . - p.75-95 Titre : Heart Rate Variability in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Associations With Medication and Symptom Severity Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Rinku THAPA, Auteur ; Izabella POKORSKI, Auteur ; Zahava AMBARCHI, Auteur ; Emma THOMAS, Auteur ; Marilena M. DEMAYO, Auteur ; Kelsie A. BOULTON, Auteur ; Slade MATTHEWS, Auteur ; Shrujna PATEL, Auteur ; Indra SEDELI, Auteur ; Ian B. HICKIE, Auteur ; Adam J. GUASTELLA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.75-95 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autonomic nervous system  heart rate variability  parasympathetic nervous system  psychotropic medication  social development  sympathetic nervous system  symptom severity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Decreased heart rate variability (HRV) is considered a common marker of autonomic dysfunction that contributes to poor health outcomes. While some studies have suggested that children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show reduced HRV, research is yet to consider whether this may be associated with medication use and symptom severity. This study examined the relationship between resting state HRV, medication use and symptom severity in children diagnosed with ASD. Children with ASD (N = 86), aged between 3 and 12?years (M = 8.09), were compared to 44 neurotypical children of similar age (M = 7.15). Laboratory assessment of HRV involved 5?min of non-invasive baseline electrocardiogram assessments while participants viewed an age-appropriate non-verbal animated video. Time-domain and frequency-domain HRV measures were analyzed. ASD symptom severity was assessed using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Second Edition (ADOS-2) and Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS-2). Results indicated that children with ASD exhibited reduced resting HRV relative to neurotypical children. Subsequent analyses within the ASD group suggested that this group difference was greater in children who were taking psychotropic medication (N = 36). Our data also provides tentative evidence of a relationship between HRV and social impairment symptoms in children with ASD, with more severe repetitive behaviors (as measured by the ADOS-2) associated with decreased resting HRV. Overall, these findings suggest that HRV may be atypical in children with ASD and suggest the importance of exploring HRV as a risk factor for cardiovascular health in this group. LAY SUMMARY: Cardiac activity, such as heart rate variability (HRV), can provide insight into the autonomic nervous system. This study reports on the association between resting-state HRV and autonomic nervous system activity in young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to neurotypical children. These results may help us understand what underlies autonomic nervous system dysfunction and the potential pathophysiological mechanisms leading to increased cardiovascular risk in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2437 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441 [article] Heart Rate Variability in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Associations With Medication and Symptom Severity [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Rinku THAPA, Auteur ; Izabella POKORSKI, Auteur ; Zahava AMBARCHI, Auteur ; Emma THOMAS, Auteur ; Marilena M. DEMAYO, Auteur ; Kelsie A. BOULTON, Auteur ; Slade MATTHEWS, Auteur ; Shrujna PATEL, Auteur ; Indra SEDELI, Auteur ; Ian B. HICKIE, Auteur ; Adam J. GUASTELLA, Auteur . - p.75-95. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-1 (January 2021) . - p.75-95 Mots-clés : autonomic nervous system  heart rate variability  parasympathetic nervous system  psychotropic medication  social development  sympathetic nervous system  symptom severity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Decreased heart rate variability (HRV) is considered a common marker of autonomic dysfunction that contributes to poor health outcomes. While some studies have suggested that children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show reduced HRV, research is yet to consider whether this may be associated with medication use and symptom severity. This study examined the relationship between resting state HRV, medication use and symptom severity in children diagnosed with ASD. Children with ASD (N = 86), aged between 3 and 12?years (M = 8.09), were compared to 44 neurotypical children of similar age (M = 7.15). Laboratory assessment of HRV involved 5?min of non-invasive baseline electrocardiogram assessments while participants viewed an age-appropriate non-verbal animated video. Time-domain and frequency-domain HRV measures were analyzed. ASD symptom severity was assessed using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Second Edition (ADOS-2) and Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS-2). Results indicated that children with ASD exhibited reduced resting HRV relative to neurotypical children. Subsequent analyses within the ASD group suggested that this group difference was greater in children who were taking psychotropic medication (N = 36). Our data also provides tentative evidence of a relationship between HRV and social impairment symptoms in children with ASD, with more severe repetitive behaviors (as measured by the ADOS-2) associated with decreased resting HRV. Overall, these findings suggest that HRV may be atypical in children with ASD and suggest the importance of exploring HRV as a risk factor for cardiovascular health in this group. LAY SUMMARY: Cardiac activity, such as heart rate variability (HRV), can provide insight into the autonomic nervous system. This study reports on the association between resting-state HRV and autonomic nervous system activity in young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to neurotypical children. These results may help us understand what underlies autonomic nervous system dysfunction and the potential pathophysiological mechanisms leading to increased cardiovascular risk in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2437 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441

Complex Interplay Between Cognitive Ability and Social Motivation in Predicting Social Skill: A Unique Role for Social Motivation in Children With Autism / Elena ITSKOVICH in Autism Research, 14-1 (January 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-1 (January 2021) . - p.86-92 Titre : Complex Interplay Between Cognitive Ability and Social Motivation in Predicting Social Skill: A Unique Role for Social Motivation in Children With Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Elena ITSKOVICH, Auteur ; Olena ZYGA, Auteur ; Robin A. LIBOVE, Auteur ; Jennifer M. PHILLIPS, Auteur ; Joseph P. GARNER, Auteur ; Karen J. PARKER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.86-92 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  children  cognitive dysfunction  intelligence tests  motivation  social skill  socialization Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Impairment in social interaction is a core feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but the factors which contribute to this social skill deficiency are poorly understood. Previous research has shown that cognitive ability can impact social skill development in ASD. Yet, children with ASD whose cognitive abilities are in the normal range nevertheless demonstrate deficits in social skill. More recently, the social motivation theory of ASD has emerged as a framework by which to understand how failure to seek social experiences may lead to social skill deficits. This study was designed to better understand the relationships between cognitive ability, social motivation, and social skill in a well-characterized cohort of children with ASD (n = 79), their unaffected siblings (n = 50), and unrelated neurotypical controls (n = 60). The following instruments were used: The Stanford-Binet intelligence quotient (IQ), the Social Responsiveness Scale's Social Motivation Subscale, and the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales' Socialization Standard Score. We found that lower cognitive ability contributed to diminished social skill, but did so universally in all children. In contrast, social motivation strongly predicted social skill only in children with ASD, such that those with the lowest social motivation exhibited the greatest social skill impairment. Notably, this relationship was observed across a large range of intellectual ability but was most pronounced in those with IQs???80. These findings establish a unique link between social motivation and social skill in ASD and support the hypothesis that low social motivation may impair social skill acquisition in this disorder, particularly in children without intellectual disability. LAY SUMMARY: The relationships between cognitive ability, social motivation, and social skill are poorly understood. Here we report that cognitive ability predicts social skill in all children, whereas social motivation predicts social skill only in children with autism. These results establish a unique link between social motivation and social skill in autism, and suggest that low social motivation may impair social skill acquisition in this disorder, particularly in those without intellectual disability. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2409 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441 [article] Complex Interplay Between Cognitive Ability and Social Motivation in Predicting Social Skill: A Unique Role for Social Motivation in Children With Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Elena ITSKOVICH, Auteur ; Olena ZYGA, Auteur ; Robin A. LIBOVE, Auteur ; Jennifer M. PHILLIPS, Auteur ; Joseph P. GARNER, Auteur ; Karen J. PARKER, Auteur . - p.86-92. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-1 (January 2021) . - p.86-92 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  children  cognitive dysfunction  intelligence tests  motivation  social skill  socialization Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Impairment in social interaction is a core feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but the factors which contribute to this social skill deficiency are poorly understood. Previous research has shown that cognitive ability can impact social skill development in ASD. Yet, children with ASD whose cognitive abilities are in the normal range nevertheless demonstrate deficits in social skill. More recently, the social motivation theory of ASD has emerged as a framework by which to understand how failure to seek social experiences may lead to social skill deficits. This study was designed to better understand the relationships between cognitive ability, social motivation, and social skill in a well-characterized cohort of children with ASD (n = 79), their unaffected siblings (n = 50), and unrelated neurotypical controls (n = 60). The following instruments were used: The Stanford-Binet intelligence quotient (IQ), the Social Responsiveness Scale's Social Motivation Subscale, and the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales' Socialization Standard Score. We found that lower cognitive ability contributed to diminished social skill, but did so universally in all children. In contrast, social motivation strongly predicted social skill only in children with ASD, such that those with the lowest social motivation exhibited the greatest social skill impairment. Notably, this relationship was observed across a large range of intellectual ability but was most pronounced in those with IQs???80. These findings establish a unique link between social motivation and social skill in ASD and support the hypothesis that low social motivation may impair social skill acquisition in this disorder, particularly in children without intellectual disability. LAY SUMMARY: The relationships between cognitive ability, social motivation, and social skill are poorly understood. Here we report that cognitive ability predicts social skill in all children, whereas social motivation predicts social skill only in children with autism. These results establish a unique link between social motivation and social skill in autism, and suggest that low social motivation may impair social skill acquisition in this disorder, particularly in those without intellectual disability. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2409 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441

"Second guessing yourself all the time about what they really mean…": Cognitive differences between autistic and non-autistic adults in understanding implied meaning / Alexander C. WILSON in Autism Research, 14-1 (January 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-1 (January 2021) . - p.93-101 Titre : "Second guessing yourself all the time about what they really mean…": Cognitive differences between autistic and non-autistic adults in understanding implied meaning Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Alexander C. WILSON, Auteur ; Dorothy V. M. BISHOP, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.93-101 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  communication  communication disabilities  language  pragmatics Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study investigated cognitive differences between autistic and non-autistic people in understanding implied meaning in conversation using a novel computerized test, the Implicature Comprehension Test. Controlling for core language ability, autistic participants (N =?66) were over twice as likely to endorse a non-normative interpretation of an implied meaning and over five times as likely to select "do not know" when asked about the presence of an implied meaning, compared to non-autistic participants (N =?118). A further experiment suggested that the selection of "do not know" reflected a cognitive preference for certainty and explicit communication, and that the normative inference could often be made when the test format was more constrained. Our research supports the hypothesis that autistic individuals can find it challenging to process language in its pragmatic context, and that cognitive preferences play a role in this. LAY SUMMARY: We investigated differences between autistic and non-autistic people in understanding implied meanings in conversation. We found that autistic people were more likely to select a different interpretation of implied meanings compared to other people, and also much more likely to avoid processing implied meanings when the task allowed this. Our research supports the view that autistic people can find it challenging to process indirect meanings, and that they tend to prefer explicit forms of communication. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2345 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441 [article] "Second guessing yourself all the time about what they really mean…": Cognitive differences between autistic and non-autistic adults in understanding implied meaning [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Alexander C. WILSON, Auteur ; Dorothy V. M. BISHOP, Auteur . - p.93-101. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-1 (January 2021) . - p.93-101 Mots-clés : autism  communication  communication disabilities  language  pragmatics Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study investigated cognitive differences between autistic and non-autistic people in understanding implied meaning in conversation using a novel computerized test, the Implicature Comprehension Test. Controlling for core language ability, autistic participants (N =?66) were over twice as likely to endorse a non-normative interpretation of an implied meaning and over five times as likely to select "do not know" when asked about the presence of an implied meaning, compared to non-autistic participants (N =?118). A further experiment suggested that the selection of "do not know" reflected a cognitive preference for certainty and explicit communication, and that the normative inference could often be made when the test format was more constrained. Our research supports the hypothesis that autistic individuals can find it challenging to process language in its pragmatic context, and that cognitive preferences play a role in this. LAY SUMMARY: We investigated differences between autistic and non-autistic people in understanding implied meanings in conversation. We found that autistic people were more likely to select a different interpretation of implied meanings compared to other people, and also much more likely to avoid processing implied meanings when the task allowed this. Our research supports the view that autistic people can find it challenging to process indirect meanings, and that they tend to prefer explicit forms of communication. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2345 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441

Heterogeneity of Visual Preferences for Biological and Repetitive Movements in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder / Tianbi LI in Autism Research, 14-1 (January 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-1 (January 2021) . - p.102-111 Titre : Heterogeneity of Visual Preferences for Biological and Repetitive Movements in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Tianbi LI, Auteur ; Yewei LI, Auteur ; Yixiao HU, Auteur ; Yuyin WANG, Auteur ; Cheuk Man LAM, Auteur ; Wei NI, Auteur ; Xueqin WANG, Auteur ; Li YI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.102-111 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  eye movement  heterogeneity  repetitive behavior  visual biological movement  visual preference Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous studies have repeatedly reported atypical visual preferences to repetitive movements and deficient perception of biological movements in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, limited research has investigated the heterogeneity of the visual preferences in individuals with ASD. In the current study, we explored the visual preferences to different movement types (repetitive, biological, and random) in children with ASD using a paired preferential looking paradigm. Thirty-nine children with ASD and 37 typically developing (TD) children participated in our study, with their eye movements recorded as the index of visual preferences. We examined the differences of visual preferences between the ASD and TD group, and the heterogeneity of visual preferences within the ASD group. We found group differences between children with ASD and TD children: Overall, the ASD group preferred repetitive movements while the TD group preferred biological movements. We also detected heterogeneity of visual preferences within the ASD group: Although the majority of children with ASD preferred repetitive movements as previous studies reported, 9 out of 39 children with ASD preferred biological movements similarly as their TD peers. Moreover, the visual preference patterns were correlated with autistic symptoms, especially the socio-communicative impairments. Our study provided evidence of heterogeneity of visual attention and main visual preference to repetitive movements in children with ASD. The findings add to the body of literature of the heterogeneous behavioral symptoms and the atypical visual preferences in individuals with ASD. LAY SUMMARY: The current study examined visual preferences to biological, repetitive, and random movements in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). We showed a pair of two videos representing two types of movements (random, repetitive, or biological movements) to children with ASD and typically developing children. We found the main visual preferences for repetitive movements and heterogeneity of visual attention within the ASD group. Our findings provide theoretical and methodological implications for future study of the heterogeneity in the ASD population. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2366 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441 [article] Heterogeneity of Visual Preferences for Biological and Repetitive Movements in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Tianbi LI, Auteur ; Yewei LI, Auteur ; Yixiao HU, Auteur ; Yuyin WANG, Auteur ; Cheuk Man LAM, Auteur ; Wei NI, Auteur ; Xueqin WANG, Auteur ; Li YI, Auteur . - p.102-111. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-1 (January 2021) . - p.102-111 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  eye movement  heterogeneity  repetitive behavior  visual biological movement  visual preference Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous studies have repeatedly reported atypical visual preferences to repetitive movements and deficient perception of biological movements in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, limited research has investigated the heterogeneity of the visual preferences in individuals with ASD. In the current study, we explored the visual preferences to different movement types (repetitive, biological, and random) in children with ASD using a paired preferential looking paradigm. Thirty-nine children with ASD and 37 typically developing (TD) children participated in our study, with their eye movements recorded as the index of visual preferences. We examined the differences of visual preferences between the ASD and TD group, and the heterogeneity of visual preferences within the ASD group. We found group differences between children with ASD and TD children: Overall, the ASD group preferred repetitive movements while the TD group preferred biological movements. We also detected heterogeneity of visual preferences within the ASD group: Although the majority of children with ASD preferred repetitive movements as previous studies reported, 9 out of 39 children with ASD preferred biological movements similarly as their TD peers. Moreover, the visual preference patterns were correlated with autistic symptoms, especially the socio-communicative impairments. Our study provided evidence of heterogeneity of visual attention and main visual preference to repetitive movements in children with ASD. The findings add to the body of literature of the heterogeneous behavioral symptoms and the atypical visual preferences in individuals with ASD. LAY SUMMARY: The current study examined visual preferences to biological, repetitive, and random movements in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). We showed a pair of two videos representing two types of movements (random, repetitive, or biological movements) to children with ASD and typically developing children. We found the main visual preferences for repetitive movements and heterogeneity of visual attention within the ASD group. Our findings provide theoretical and methodological implications for future study of the heterogeneity in the ASD population. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2366 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441

Eliciting Language Samples for Analysis (ELSA): A New Protocol for Assessing Expressive Language and Communication in Autism / Mihaela D. BAROKOVA in Autism Research, 14-1 (January 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-1 (January 2021) . - p.112-126 Titre : Eliciting Language Samples for Analysis (ELSA): A New Protocol for Assessing Expressive Language and Communication in Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Mihaela D. BAROKOVA, Auteur ; Chelsea LA VALLE, Auteur ; Sommer HASSAN, Auteur ; Collin LEE, Auteur ; Mengyuan XU, Auteur ; Riley MCKECHNIE, Auteur ; Emily JOHNSTON, Auteur ; Manon A. KROL, Auteur ; Jennifer LEANO, Auteur ; Helen TAGER-FLUSBERG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.112-126 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Elsa  assessment  autism spectrum disorder  communication  language  measures  outcome Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Expressive language and communication are among the key targets of interventions for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and natural language samples provide an optimal approach for their assessment. Currently, there are no protocols for collecting such samples that cover a wide range of ages or language abilities, particularly for children/adolescents who have very limited spoken language. We introduce a new protocol for collecting language samples, eliciting language samples for analysis (ELSA), and a novel approach for deriving basic measures of verbal communicative competence from it that bypasses the need for time-consuming transcription. Study 1 presents ELSA-adolescents (ELSA-A), designed for minimally and low-verbal older children/adolescents with ASD. The protocol successfully engaged and elicited speech from 46 participants across a wide range of ages (6;6-19;7) with samples averaging 20-25?min. The collected samples were segmented into speaker utterances (examiner and participant) using real-time coding as one is listening to the audio recording and two measures were derived: frequency of utterances and conversational turns per minute. These measures were shown to be reliable and valid. For Study 2, ELSA was adapted for younger children (ELSA-Toddler [ELSA-T]) with samples averaging 29?min from 19 toddlers (2;8-4;10?years) with ASD. Again, measures of frequency of utterances and conversational turns derived from ELSA-T were shown to have strong psychometric properties. In Study 3, we found that ELSA-A and ELSA-T were equivalent in eliciting language from 17 children with ASD (ages: 4;0-6;8), demonstrating their suitability for deriving robust objective assessments of expressive language that could be used to track change in ability over time. We introduce a new protocol for collecting expressive language samples, ELSA, that can be used with a wide age range, from toddlers (ELSA-T) to older adolescents (ELSA-A) with ASD who have minimal or low-verbal abilities. The measures of language and communication derived from them, frequency of utterances, and conversational turns per minute, using real-time coding methods, can be used to characterize ability and chart change in intervention research. LAY SUMMARY: We introduce a new protocol for collecting expressive language samples, ELSA, that can be used with a wide age range, from toddlers (ELSA-T) to older adolescents (ELSA-A) with autism spectrum disorder who have minimal or low-verbal abilities. The measures of language and communication derived from them, frequency of utterances and conversational turns per minute, using real-time coding methods, can be used to characterize ability and chart change in intervention research. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2380 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441 [article] Eliciting Language Samples for Analysis (ELSA): A New Protocol for Assessing Expressive Language and Communication in Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Mihaela D. BAROKOVA, Auteur ; Chelsea LA VALLE, Auteur ; Sommer HASSAN, Auteur ; Collin LEE, Auteur ; Mengyuan XU, Auteur ; Riley MCKECHNIE, Auteur ; Emily JOHNSTON, Auteur ; Manon A. KROL, Auteur ; Jennifer LEANO, Auteur ; Helen TAGER-FLUSBERG, Auteur . - p.112-126. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-1 (January 2021) . - p.112-126 Mots-clés : Elsa  assessment  autism spectrum disorder  communication  language  measures  outcome Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Expressive language and communication are among the key targets of interventions for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and natural language samples provide an optimal approach for their assessment. Currently, there are no protocols for collecting such samples that cover a wide range of ages or language abilities, particularly for children/adolescents who have very limited spoken language. We introduce a new protocol for collecting language samples, eliciting language samples for analysis (ELSA), and a novel approach for deriving basic measures of verbal communicative competence from it that bypasses the need for time-consuming transcription. Study 1 presents ELSA-adolescents (ELSA-A), designed for minimally and low-verbal older children/adolescents with ASD. The protocol successfully engaged and elicited speech from 46 participants across a wide range of ages (6;6-19;7) with samples averaging 20-25?min. The collected samples were segmented into speaker utterances (examiner and participant) using real-time coding as one is listening to the audio recording and two measures were derived: frequency of utterances and conversational turns per minute. These measures were shown to be reliable and valid. For Study 2, ELSA was adapted for younger children (ELSA-Toddler [ELSA-T]) with samples averaging 29?min from 19 toddlers (2;8-4;10?years) with ASD. Again, measures of frequency of utterances and conversational turns derived from ELSA-T were shown to have strong psychometric properties. In Study 3, we found that ELSA-A and ELSA-T were equivalent in eliciting language from 17 children with ASD (ages: 4;0-6;8), demonstrating their suitability for deriving robust objective assessments of expressive language that could be used to track change in ability over time. We introduce a new protocol for collecting expressive language samples, ELSA, that can be used with a wide age range, from toddlers (ELSA-T) to older adolescents (ELSA-A) with ASD who have minimal or low-verbal abilities. The measures of language and communication derived from them, frequency of utterances, and conversational turns per minute, using real-time coding methods, can be used to characterize ability and chart change in intervention research. LAY SUMMARY: We introduce a new protocol for collecting expressive language samples, ELSA, that can be used with a wide age range, from toddlers (ELSA-T) to older adolescents (ELSA-A) with autism spectrum disorder who have minimal or low-verbal abilities. The measures of language and communication derived from them, frequency of utterances and conversational turns per minute, using real-time coding methods, can be used to characterize ability and chart change in intervention research. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2380 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441

Camouflaging in Autism: Examining Sex-Based and Compensatory Models in Social Cognition and Communication / Blythe A. CORBETT in Autism Research, 14-1 (January 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-1 (January 2021) . - p.127-142 Titre : Camouflaging in Autism: Examining Sex-Based and Compensatory Models in Social Cognition and Communication Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Blythe A. CORBETT, Auteur ; Jessica M. SCHWARTZMAN, Auteur ; Erin J. LIBSACK, Auteur ; Rachael A. MUSCATELLO, Auteur ; Matthew D LERNER, Auteur ; Grace L. SIMMONS, Auteur ; Susan W. WHITE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.127-142 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : anxiety  autism  camouflage  compensation  female  sex Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Camouflaging refers to behavioral adaptations that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), especially females, use to mask symptoms during social situations. Compensation is a component of camouflaging in which an individual's observed behavior is considerably better than actual ability. The study explored diagnostic, sex-based, and compensatory differences using the Contextual Assessment of Social Skills (CASS). The sample included 161 youth 10:0-to-16:11?years (115 males, 46 females). T-tests were performed based on sex (female, male) or High (good ADOS?+?poor Theory of Mind (TOM)) compared to Low (poor ADOS?+?poor TOM) Compensation groups. Comparisons were examined for Social Affect (SA), Restricted Repetitive Behavior, (RRB), IQ, social behavior (Positive Affect, Overall Involvement) and communication (Vocal Expression, Gestures). Females exhibited fewer RRB t(158) = 3.05, P = 0.003, d = 0.54. For the CASS, females evidenced more Vocal Expressiveness t(157) = -2.03, P = 0.05, d = 0.35, which corroborates sex-based differences in the literature. Compensation group differences indicated the High compared to Low group showed stronger Social and Communication behaviors on the CASS for Vocal Expression t(72) = 2.56, P = 0.01, d = 0.62, and overall rapport t(72) = 2.36, P = 0.02, d = 0.56. Several differences were observed when the groups were stratified based on level of compensation, with the High compensation participants showing stronger social engagement and communication behaviors. Findings may inform efforts to understand camouflaging, compensation, and clinical practices for male and female adolescents with ASD. A more nuanced consideration of camouflaging alongside compensation models reveals subtle differences in cognition, behavior, and affect that may reflect underlying profiles of challenge and strength in youth with ASD. LAY SUMMARY: Camouflaging refers to ways individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), especially females, mask symptoms. Compensation occurs when a person's observed behavior appears more typical than what would be expected based on underlying ability and symptoms. The study explored camouflaging and compensation differences in 161 youth with ASD. Findings suggest sex-based differences with females showing better vocal expression. However, several compensation differences were observed with the High compensators showing stronger social communication and rapport. A more nuanced consideration of camouflaging using compensation models reveal subtle differences in underlying challenge and strength. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2440 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441 [article] Camouflaging in Autism: Examining Sex-Based and Compensatory Models in Social Cognition and Communication [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Blythe A. CORBETT, Auteur ; Jessica M. SCHWARTZMAN, Auteur ; Erin J. LIBSACK, Auteur ; Rachael A. MUSCATELLO, Auteur ; Matthew D LERNER, Auteur ; Grace L. SIMMONS, Auteur ; Susan W. WHITE, Auteur . - p.127-142. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-1 (January 2021) . - p.127-142 Mots-clés : anxiety  autism  camouflage  compensation  female  sex Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Camouflaging refers to behavioral adaptations that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), especially females, use to mask symptoms during social situations. Compensation is a component of camouflaging in which an individual's observed behavior is considerably better than actual ability. The study explored diagnostic, sex-based, and compensatory differences using the Contextual Assessment of Social Skills (CASS). The sample included 161 youth 10:0-to-16:11?years (115 males, 46 females). T-tests were performed based on sex (female, male) or High (good ADOS?+?poor Theory of Mind (TOM)) compared to Low (poor ADOS?+?poor TOM) Compensation groups. Comparisons were examined for Social Affect (SA), Restricted Repetitive Behavior, (RRB), IQ, social behavior (Positive Affect, Overall Involvement) and communication (Vocal Expression, Gestures). Females exhibited fewer RRB t(158) = 3.05, P = 0.003, d = 0.54. For the CASS, females evidenced more Vocal Expressiveness t(157) = -2.03, P = 0.05, d = 0.35, which corroborates sex-based differences in the literature. Compensation group differences indicated the High compared to Low group showed stronger Social and Communication behaviors on the CASS for Vocal Expression t(72) = 2.56, P = 0.01, d = 0.62, and overall rapport t(72) = 2.36, P = 0.02, d = 0.56. Several differences were observed when the groups were stratified based on level of compensation, with the High compensation participants showing stronger social engagement and communication behaviors. Findings may inform efforts to understand camouflaging, compensation, and clinical practices for male and female adolescents with ASD. A more nuanced consideration of camouflaging alongside compensation models reveals subtle differences in cognition, behavior, and affect that may reflect underlying profiles of challenge and strength in youth with ASD. LAY SUMMARY: Camouflaging refers to ways individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), especially females, mask symptoms. Compensation occurs when a person's observed behavior appears more typical than what would be expected based on underlying ability and symptoms. The study explored camouflaging and compensation differences in 161 youth with ASD. Findings suggest sex-based differences with females showing better vocal expression. However, several compensation differences were observed with the High compensators showing stronger social communication and rapport. A more nuanced consideration of camouflaging using compensation models reveal subtle differences in underlying challenge and strength. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2440 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441

Sex Differences in Gender-Diverse Expressions and Identities among Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder / Ludivine BRUNISSEN in Autism Research, 14-1 (January 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-1 (January 2021) . - p.143-155 Titre : Sex Differences in Gender-Diverse Expressions and Identities among Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ludivine BRUNISSEN, Auteur ; Eli RAPOPORT, Auteur ; Katarzyna CHAWARSKA, Auteur ; Andrew ADESMAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.143-155 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  gender diversity  gender dysphoria  gender expression  gender identity  sex differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A growing body of evidence supports a potential link between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and gender dysphoria, yet few studies have looked at sex differences in the co-occurrence of gender diversity and ASD. The aim of this study was to characterize sex differences in gender-diverse expressions and identities, as well as gender-related concerns, in youth with ASD. Parents of youth with ASD ages 6-21 (n = 163) completed an online questionnaire about their child's gender expression and identity. Sex-typed behaviors during childhood were measured using the Gender Identity Questionnaire (GIQ). Semi-partial Kendall correlations and chi-square tests were used to compare gender non-conformity, gender-diverse identities, and gender-related concerns between sexes. Sex-based differences in mean GIQ score and individual GIQ items were evaluated using a linear regression and semi-partial Kendall correlations, respectively. All regressions and correlations controlled for child age. Parents of girls were more likely to report child appearances and mannerisms that were less concordant with their child's birth sex. Based on parent-report, girls had lower mean GIQ scores, indicating greater cross-gendered/fewer same-gendered behaviors in childhood. Lastly, parents of girls with ASD were more likely to report that their daughters experienced anxiety due to gender-related concerns and discomfort during puberty than parents of boys. These findings suggest that girls with ASD seem more likely have gender-diverse preferences, mannerisms, and appearances that fall outside of traditional gender norms. Gender-related concerns appear to be a source of real distress in girls with ASD, highlighting the need for individualized support, especially during puberty. LAY SUMMARY: Despite evidence of a potential link between autism and gender diversity, few studies have explored differences in gender identity/expression between boys and girls with autism. Based on parent responses, we found that girls with autism are more likely than boys to have appearances and mannerisms, as well as behaviors during childhood, that fall outside of the traditional gender role. The unique profile of girls with autism and their elevated distress over gender-related concerns call for individualized support during adolescence. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2441 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441 [article] Sex Differences in Gender-Diverse Expressions and Identities among Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ludivine BRUNISSEN, Auteur ; Eli RAPOPORT, Auteur ; Katarzyna CHAWARSKA, Auteur ; Andrew ADESMAN, Auteur . - p.143-155. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-1 (January 2021) . - p.143-155 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  gender diversity  gender dysphoria  gender expression  gender identity  sex differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A growing body of evidence supports a potential link between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and gender dysphoria, yet few studies have looked at sex differences in the co-occurrence of gender diversity and ASD. The aim of this study was to characterize sex differences in gender-diverse expressions and identities, as well as gender-related concerns, in youth with ASD. Parents of youth with ASD ages 6-21 (n = 163) completed an online questionnaire about their child's gender expression and identity. Sex-typed behaviors during childhood were measured using the Gender Identity Questionnaire (GIQ). Semi-partial Kendall correlations and chi-square tests were used to compare gender non-conformity, gender-diverse identities, and gender-related concerns between sexes. Sex-based differences in mean GIQ score and individual GIQ items were evaluated using a linear regression and semi-partial Kendall correlations, respectively. All regressions and correlations controlled for child age. Parents of girls were more likely to report child appearances and mannerisms that were less concordant with their child's birth sex. Based on parent-report, girls had lower mean GIQ scores, indicating greater cross-gendered/fewer same-gendered behaviors in childhood. Lastly, parents of girls with ASD were more likely to report that their daughters experienced anxiety due to gender-related concerns and discomfort during puberty than parents of boys. These findings suggest that girls with ASD seem more likely have gender-diverse preferences, mannerisms, and appearances that fall outside of traditional gender norms. Gender-related concerns appear to be a source of real distress in girls with ASD, highlighting the need for individualized support, especially during puberty. LAY SUMMARY: Despite evidence of a potential link between autism and gender diversity, few studies have explored differences in gender identity/expression between boys and girls with autism. Based on parent responses, we found that girls with autism are more likely than boys to have appearances and mannerisms, as well as behaviors during childhood, that fall outside of the traditional gender role. The unique profile of girls with autism and their elevated distress over gender-related concerns call for individualized support during adolescence. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2441 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441

Do Biological Sex and Early Developmental Milestones Predict the Age of First Concerns and Eventual Diagnosis in Autism Spectrum Disorder? / Clare HARROP in Autism Research, 14-1 (January 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-1 (January 2021) . - p.156-168 Titre : Do Biological Sex and Early Developmental Milestones Predict the Age of First Concerns and Eventual Diagnosis in Autism Spectrum Disorder? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Clare HARROP, Auteur ; Erin LIBSACK, Auteur ; Raphael BERNIER, Auteur ; Mirella DAPRETTO, Auteur ; Allison JACK, Auteur ; James C. MCPARTLAND, Auteur ; John D. VAN HORN, Auteur ; Sara J. WEBB, Auteur ; Kevin A. PELPHREY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.156-168 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : diagnosis  early milestones  females  parental perceptions  sex differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Despite advances in early detection, the average age of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis exceeds 4?years and is often later in females. In typical development, biological sex predicts inter-individual variation across multiple developmental milestones, with females often exhibiting earlier progression. The goal of this study was to examine sex differences in caregiver-reported developmental milestones (first word, phrase, walking) and their contribution to timing of initial concerns expressed by caregivers and eventual age of diagnosis. 195 (105 males) children and adolescents aged 8 to 17?years with a clinical diagnosis of ASD were recruited to the study (mean IQ = 99.76). While developmental milestones did not predict timing of diagnosis or age parents first expressed concerns, females had earlier first words and phrases than males. There was a marginal difference in the age of diagnosis, with females receiving their diagnosis 1?year later than males. Despite sex differences in developmental milestones and diagnostic variables, IQ was the most significant predictor in the timing of initial concerns and eventual diagnosis, suggesting children with lower IQ, regardless of sex, are identified and diagnosed earlier. Overall, biological sex and developmental milestones did not account for a large proportion of variance for the eventual age of ASD diagnosis, suggesting other factors (such as IQ and the timing of initial concerns) are potentially more influential. LAY SUMMARY: In this study, a later age of diagnosis in females having ASD was confirmed; however, biological sex was not the stronger predictor of age of diagnosis. Parents reported that females learned language more quickly than males, and parents noted their first concerns when females were older than males. In this sample, the strongest predictor of age of diagnosis was the age of first concerns. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2446 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441 [article] Do Biological Sex and Early Developmental Milestones Predict the Age of First Concerns and Eventual Diagnosis in Autism Spectrum Disorder? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Clare HARROP, Auteur ; Erin LIBSACK, Auteur ; Raphael BERNIER, Auteur ; Mirella DAPRETTO, Auteur ; Allison JACK, Auteur ; James C. MCPARTLAND, Auteur ; John D. VAN HORN, Auteur ; Sara J. WEBB, Auteur ; Kevin A. PELPHREY, Auteur . - p.156-168. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-1 (January 2021) . - p.156-168 Mots-clés : diagnosis  early milestones  females  parental perceptions  sex differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Despite advances in early detection, the average age of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis exceeds 4?years and is often later in females. In typical development, biological sex predicts inter-individual variation across multiple developmental milestones, with females often exhibiting earlier progression. The goal of this study was to examine sex differences in caregiver-reported developmental milestones (first word, phrase, walking) and their contribution to timing of initial concerns expressed by caregivers and eventual age of diagnosis. 195 (105 males) children and adolescents aged 8 to 17?years with a clinical diagnosis of ASD were recruited to the study (mean IQ = 99.76). While developmental milestones did not predict timing of diagnosis or age parents first expressed concerns, females had earlier first words and phrases than males. There was a marginal difference in the age of diagnosis, with females receiving their diagnosis 1?year later than males. Despite sex differences in developmental milestones and diagnostic variables, IQ was the most significant predictor in the timing of initial concerns and eventual diagnosis, suggesting children with lower IQ, regardless of sex, are identified and diagnosed earlier. Overall, biological sex and developmental milestones did not account for a large proportion of variance for the eventual age of ASD diagnosis, suggesting other factors (such as IQ and the timing of initial concerns) are potentially more influential. LAY SUMMARY: In this study, a later age of diagnosis in females having ASD was confirmed; however, biological sex was not the stronger predictor of age of diagnosis. Parents reported that females learned language more quickly than males, and parents noted their first concerns when females were older than males. In this sample, the strongest predictor of age of diagnosis was the age of first concerns. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2446 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441

Emotion Dysregulation is Substantially Elevated in Autism Compared to the General Population: Impact on Psychiatric Services / Caitlin M. CONNER in Autism Research, 14-1 (January 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-1 (January 2021) . - p.169-181 Titre : Emotion Dysregulation is Substantially Elevated in Autism Compared to the General Population: Impact on Psychiatric Services Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Caitlin M. CONNER, Auteur ; Josh GOLT, Auteur ; Rebecca SHAFFER, Auteur ; Giulia RIGHI, Auteur ; Matthew SIEGEL, Auteur ; Carla A. MAZEFSKY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.169-181 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Emerging evidence suggests that emotion regulation (ER) impairment in those with ASD is associated with poor mental health. This study used the Emotion Dysregulation Inventory, a new norm-referenced ER measure with clinical cut-offs, developed and validated in ASD and non-ASD samples, to establish rates of ER impairment and understand its association with psychiatric service use in ASD. Parents of 6–17 year olds in three well-characterized samples (nationally representative US n = 1,000; community ASD n = 1,169; inpatient ASD n = 567) completed a battery of questionnaires about their child. The prevalence of ER impairment was significantly higher in the ASD groups compared to the nationally representative sample and highest in the psychiatric Inpatient ASD group. The community ASD and inpatient ASD samples were four and seven times more likely, respectively, to exceed clinical cutoffs for emotional reactivity than the general US sample. Similarly, history of psychiatric hospitalization, recent emergency services use (police contact, emergency room visits, or in-home crisis evaluations for emotional or behavioral concerns in the past 2?months), and psychotropic medication prescriptions were significantly higher in the ASD groups. ER impairment was significantly associated with all forms of psychiatric service use, after controlling for demographics (age, sex, race), co-occurring intellectual disability, and ADHD symptoms. This is the first large-scale study to document substantially higher rates of ER impairment in youth with ASD compared to the general population. The importance of ER impairment is underscored by its association with higher utilization of inpatient, emergency, and medication services in ASD, after accounting for demographics and ADHD-related symptoms. Lay Summary This study compared problems with emotion regulation in large samples of youth with and without ASD. An ASD community sample had two to four times more youth with clinically elevated regulation impairments compared to youth without ASD. Emotion regulation impairment was also related to using psychiatric hospitalizations, emergency services, and medications in the ASD group. This study suggests that screening for emotion regulation difficulties in ASD is important and treatment may have a wide ranging impact. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2450 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441 [article] Emotion Dysregulation is Substantially Elevated in Autism Compared to the General Population: Impact on Psychiatric Services [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Caitlin M. CONNER, Auteur ; Josh GOLT, Auteur ; Rebecca SHAFFER, Auteur ; Giulia RIGHI, Auteur ; Matthew SIEGEL, Auteur ; Carla A. MAZEFSKY, Auteur . - p.169-181. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-1 (January 2021) . - p.169-181 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Emerging evidence suggests that emotion regulation (ER) impairment in those with ASD is associated with poor mental health. This study used the Emotion Dysregulation Inventory, a new norm-referenced ER measure with clinical cut-offs, developed and validated in ASD and non-ASD samples, to establish rates of ER impairment and understand its association with psychiatric service use in ASD. Parents of 6–17 year olds in three well-characterized samples (nationally representative US n = 1,000; community ASD n = 1,169; inpatient ASD n = 567) completed a battery of questionnaires about their child. The prevalence of ER impairment was significantly higher in the ASD groups compared to the nationally representative sample and highest in the psychiatric Inpatient ASD group. The community ASD and inpatient ASD samples were four and seven times more likely, respectively, to exceed clinical cutoffs for emotional reactivity than the general US sample. Similarly, history of psychiatric hospitalization, recent emergency services use (police contact, emergency room visits, or in-home crisis evaluations for emotional or behavioral concerns in the past 2?months), and psychotropic medication prescriptions were significantly higher in the ASD groups. ER impairment was significantly associated with all forms of psychiatric service use, after controlling for demographics (age, sex, race), co-occurring intellectual disability, and ADHD symptoms. This is the first large-scale study to document substantially higher rates of ER impairment in youth with ASD compared to the general population. The importance of ER impairment is underscored by its association with higher utilization of inpatient, emergency, and medication services in ASD, after accounting for demographics and ADHD-related symptoms. Lay Summary This study compared problems with emotion regulation in large samples of youth with and without ASD. An ASD community sample had two to four times more youth with clinically elevated regulation impairments compared to youth without ASD. Emotion regulation impairment was also related to using psychiatric hospitalizations, emergency services, and medications in the ASD group. This study suggests that screening for emotion regulation difficulties in ASD is important and treatment may have a wide ranging impact. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2450 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder / Ji S. HONG in Autism Research, 14-1 (January 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-1 (January 2021) . - p.182-192 Titre : Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ji S. HONG, Auteur ; Vini SINGH, Auteur ; Luke G. KALB, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.182-192 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : attention deficit hyperactivity disorder  autism spectrum disorder  early childhood  psychopathology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The purpose of the current study was to examine the prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms among young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), child and parent-related demographic and clinical correlates of ADHD symptoms, and the relationships between co-occurring mental health problems and ADHD symptoms. Data for this cross-sectional study came from 979 toddlers and preschoolers, ages 1.5-5?years, with ASD. The primary outcome, ADHD symptoms, was measured using the Child Behavior Check List 1.5-5 (CBCL). Additional information from the medical record included demographics, parenting stress, and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule Second Edition. Descriptive and bivariate (ANOVA, Chi-Square) statistics and multivariate, multinomial regression analyses were used to examine demographic and clinical differences between low, moderate, and high ADHD symptom groups, as defined by 2 ADHD-related subscales. There were 418 (43%) children in the low ADHD symptom group, 294 (30%) in the moderate ADHD symptom group, and 267 (27%) in the high ADHD symptom group. Those with high ADHD symptoms were less likely to be Black or Hispanic and less likely to have parents with a graduate-level education compared to those with low ADHD symptoms. Parenting stress and all CBCL DSM-oriented subscales were positively associated with increasing ADHD symptoms. Among young children with ASD, ADHD symptoms were highly prevalent. The presence of ADHD symptoms was associated with increasing parenting stress and greater levels of other psychopathologies. These data suggest that young children with ASD should be evaluated for ADHD, and mental health as a whole. LAY SUMMARY: We investigated attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in toddlers and preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) from a large sample with diverse race and socioeconomic background. In our study, we found that ADHD symptoms are highly prevalent in young children with ASD and are associated with increasing parenting stress and greater level of other psychopathologies, both internalizing and externalizing problems. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2414 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441 [article] Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ji S. HONG, Auteur ; Vini SINGH, Auteur ; Luke G. KALB, Auteur . - p.182-192. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-1 (January 2021) . - p.182-192 Mots-clés : attention deficit hyperactivity disorder  autism spectrum disorder  early childhood  psychopathology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The purpose of the current study was to examine the prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms among young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), child and parent-related demographic and clinical correlates of ADHD symptoms, and the relationships between co-occurring mental health problems and ADHD symptoms. Data for this cross-sectional study came from 979 toddlers and preschoolers, ages 1.5-5?years, with ASD. The primary outcome, ADHD symptoms, was measured using the Child Behavior Check List 1.5-5 (CBCL). Additional information from the medical record included demographics, parenting stress, and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule Second Edition. Descriptive and bivariate (ANOVA, Chi-Square) statistics and multivariate, multinomial regression analyses were used to examine demographic and clinical differences between low, moderate, and high ADHD symptom groups, as defined by 2 ADHD-related subscales. There were 418 (43%) children in the low ADHD symptom group, 294 (30%) in the moderate ADHD symptom group, and 267 (27%) in the high ADHD symptom group. Those with high ADHD symptoms were less likely to be Black or Hispanic and less likely to have parents with a graduate-level education compared to those with low ADHD symptoms. Parenting stress and all CBCL DSM-oriented subscales were positively associated with increasing ADHD symptoms. Among young children with ASD, ADHD symptoms were highly prevalent. The presence of ADHD symptoms was associated with increasing parenting stress and greater levels of other psychopathologies. These data suggest that young children with ASD should be evaluated for ADHD, and mental health as a whole. LAY SUMMARY: We investigated attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in toddlers and preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) from a large sample with diverse race and socioeconomic background. In our study, we found that ADHD symptoms are highly prevalent in young children with ASD and are associated with increasing parenting stress and greater level of other psychopathologies, both internalizing and externalizing problems. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2414 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441

Ethnic Disparities in the Diagnosis of Autism in Southern Israel / Orly KERUB in Autism Research, 14-1 (January 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-1 (January 2021) . - p.193-201 Titre : Ethnic Disparities in the Diagnosis of Autism in Southern Israel Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Orly KERUB, Auteur ; Eric J. HAAS, Auteur ; Gal MEIRI, Auteur ; Natalya BILENKO, Auteur ; Hagit FLUSSER, Auteur ; Analya MICHAELOVSKI, Auteur ; Ilan DINSTEIN, Auteur ; Nadav DAVIDOVITCH, Auteur ; Idan MENASHE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.193-201 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : access to healthcare  autism diagnosis  autism spectrum disorder  ethnic disparities Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is continuously rising worldwide, with remarkable differences in ASD rates being reported across ethnic and socioeconomic groups. We conducted a prospective cohort study to identify the reasons for differences in ASD rates between the Bedouin and Jewish populations in southern Israel. Screening, referral, and diagnosis of toddlers aged 16-36?months were compared between Bedouin and Jewish populations. ASD screening was conducted at 35 randomly selected mother and child health centers (MCHCs) by trained nurses using the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers with follow-up (M-CHAT/F) instrument. Toddlers screened positive at the MCHCs were monitored throughout the referral and diagnosis process at a single medical center until a diagnosis was determined by a physician specialist using DSM-5 criteria. The study cohort comprised 3,343 toddlers (996 Jewish and 2,347 Bedouin). Bedouin toddlers, compared to Jewish toddlers, were less likely to screen positive with M-CHAT/F (3.0% vs. 3.9%; P =?0.165), were significantly less likely to begin the hospital diagnosis process (HR = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.14-1.08; P =?0.068), and had a higher rates of loss-to-follow-up during the hospital diagnosis process (42.9% vs. 15.6%, respectively; P =?0.001). The results suggest that ethnic-specific barriers in the diagnosis process of ASD contribute to under-diagnosis of ASD in the Bedouin population. Facilitating the diagnosis process for Bedouin families will help to identify more children with ASD at earlier ages and consequently close the ethnic gap in ASD rates. LAY SUMMARY: We followed Bedouin and Jewish toddlers aged 16-36?months from southern Israel through their autism spectrum disorder (ASD) screening referral and diagnosis to identify the reasons for the differences in ASD prevalence between these ethnic groups. Jewish and Bedouin toddlers were equally identified in the ASD screening. However, Bedouin toddlers were less likely to complete the diagnosis process due to higher rates of loss-to-follow-up and slower diagnosis process. Facilitating ASD diagnosis for the Bedouin population will help identifying more toddlers with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2421 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441 [article] Ethnic Disparities in the Diagnosis of Autism in Southern Israel [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Orly KERUB, Auteur ; Eric J. HAAS, Auteur ; Gal MEIRI, Auteur ; Natalya BILENKO, Auteur ; Hagit FLUSSER, Auteur ; Analya MICHAELOVSKI, Auteur ; Ilan DINSTEIN, Auteur ; Nadav DAVIDOVITCH, Auteur ; Idan MENASHE, Auteur . - p.193-201. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-1 (January 2021) . - p.193-201 Mots-clés : access to healthcare  autism diagnosis  autism spectrum disorder  ethnic disparities Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is continuously rising worldwide, with remarkable differences in ASD rates being reported across ethnic and socioeconomic groups. We conducted a prospective cohort study to identify the reasons for differences in ASD rates between the Bedouin and Jewish populations in southern Israel. Screening, referral, and diagnosis of toddlers aged 16-36?months were compared between Bedouin and Jewish populations. ASD screening was conducted at 35 randomly selected mother and child health centers (MCHCs) by trained nurses using the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers with follow-up (M-CHAT/F) instrument. Toddlers screened positive at the MCHCs were monitored throughout the referral and diagnosis process at a single medical center until a diagnosis was determined by a physician specialist using DSM-5 criteria. The study cohort comprised 3,343 toddlers (996 Jewish and 2,347 Bedouin). Bedouin toddlers, compared to Jewish toddlers, were less likely to screen positive with M-CHAT/F (3.0% vs. 3.9%; P =?0.165), were significantly less likely to begin the hospital diagnosis process (HR = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.14-1.08; P =?0.068), and had a higher rates of loss-to-follow-up during the hospital diagnosis process (42.9% vs. 15.6%, respectively; P =?0.001). The results suggest that ethnic-specific barriers in the diagnosis process of ASD contribute to under-diagnosis of ASD in the Bedouin population. Facilitating the diagnosis process for Bedouin families will help to identify more children with ASD at earlier ages and consequently close the ethnic gap in ASD rates. LAY SUMMARY: We followed Bedouin and Jewish toddlers aged 16-36?months from southern Israel through their autism spectrum disorder (ASD) screening referral and diagnosis to identify the reasons for the differences in ASD prevalence between these ethnic groups. Jewish and Bedouin toddlers were equally identified in the ASD screening. However, Bedouin toddlers were less likely to complete the diagnosis process due to higher rates of loss-to-follow-up and slower diagnosis process. Facilitating ASD diagnosis for the Bedouin population will help identifying more toddlers with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2421 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441

Motor Impairment Increases in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder as a Function of Social Communication, Cognitive and Functional Impairment, Repetitive Behavior Severity, and Comorbid Diagnoses: A SPARK Study Report / Anjana N. BHAT in Autism Research, 14-1 (January 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-1 (January 2021) . - p.202-219 Titre : Motor Impairment Increases in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder as a Function of Social Communication, Cognitive and Functional Impairment, Repetitive Behavior Severity, and Comorbid Diagnoses: A SPARK Study Report Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Anjana N. BHAT, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.202-219 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism | motor  cognition  function  language  restricted/repetitive behaviors  social communication Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Eighty-seven percent of a large sample of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at risk for motor impairment (Bhat, Physical Therapy, 2020, 100, 633-644). In spite of the high prevalence for motor impairment in children with ASD, it is not considered among the diagnostic criteria or specifiers within DSM-V. In this article, we analyzed the SPARK study dataset (n = 13,887) to examine associations between risk for motor impairment using the Developmental Coordination Disorder-Questionnaire (DCD-Q), social communication impairment using the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ), repetitive behavior severity using the Repetitive Behaviors Scale - Revised (RBS-R), and parent-reported categories of cognitive, functional, and language impairments. Upon including children with ASD with cognitive impairments, 88.2% of the SPARK sample was at risk for motor impairment. The relative risk ratio for motor impairment in children with ASD was 22.2 times greater compared to the general population and that risk further increased up to 6.2 with increasing social communication (5.7), functional (6.2), cognitive (3.8), and language (1.6) impairments as well as repetitive behavior severity (5.0). Additionally, the magnitude of risk for motor impairment (fine- and gross-motor) increased with increasing severity of all impairment types with medium to large effects. These findings highlight the multisystem nature of ASD, the need to recognize motor impairments as one of the diagnostic criteria or specifiers for ASD, and the need for appropriate motor screening and assessment of children with ASD. Interventions must address not only the social communication and cognitive/behavioral challenges of children with ASD but also their motor function and participation. LAY ABSTRACT: Eighty-eight percent of the SPARK sample of children with ASD were at risk for motor impairment. The relative risk for motor impairment was 22.2 times greater in children with ASD compared to the general population and the risk increased with more social communication, repetitive behavior, cognitive, and functional impairment. It is important to recognize motor impairments as one of the diagnostic criteria or specifiers for ASD and there is a need to administer appropriate motor screening, assessment, and interventions in children with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2453 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441 [article] Motor Impairment Increases in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder as a Function of Social Communication, Cognitive and Functional Impairment, Repetitive Behavior Severity, and Comorbid Diagnoses: A SPARK Study Report [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Anjana N. BHAT, Auteur . - p.202-219. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-1 (January 2021) . - p.202-219 Mots-clés : autism | motor  cognition  function  language  restricted/repetitive behaviors  social communication Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Eighty-seven percent of a large sample of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at risk for motor impairment (Bhat, Physical Therapy, 2020, 100, 633-644). In spite of the high prevalence for motor impairment in children with ASD, it is not considered among the diagnostic criteria or specifiers within DSM-V. In this article, we analyzed the SPARK study dataset (n = 13,887) to examine associations between risk for motor impairment using the Developmental Coordination Disorder-Questionnaire (DCD-Q), social communication impairment using the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ), repetitive behavior severity using the Repetitive Behaviors Scale - Revised (RBS-R), and parent-reported categories of cognitive, functional, and language impairments. Upon including children with ASD with cognitive impairments, 88.2% of the SPARK sample was at risk for motor impairment. The relative risk ratio for motor impairment in children with ASD was 22.2 times greater compared to the general population and that risk further increased up to 6.2 with increasing social communication (5.7), functional (6.2), cognitive (3.8), and language (1.6) impairments as well as repetitive behavior severity (5.0). Additionally, the magnitude of risk for motor impairment (fine- and gross-motor) increased with increasing severity of all impairment types with medium to large effects. These findings highlight the multisystem nature of ASD, the need to recognize motor impairments as one of the diagnostic criteria or specifiers for ASD, and the need for appropriate motor screening and assessment of children with ASD. Interventions must address not only the social communication and cognitive/behavioral challenges of children with ASD but also their motor function and participation. LAY ABSTRACT: Eighty-eight percent of the SPARK sample of children with ASD were at risk for motor impairment. The relative risk for motor impairment was 22.2 times greater in children with ASD compared to the general population and the risk increased with more social communication, repetitive behavior, cognitive, and functional impairment. It is important to recognize motor impairments as one of the diagnostic criteria or specifiers for ASD and there is a need to administer appropriate motor screening, assessment, and interventions in children with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2453 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441

Association between Autism Spectrum Disorder and Food Allergy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis / Lei WANG in Autism Research, 14-1 (January 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-1 (January 2021) . - p.220-230 Titre : Association between Autism Spectrum Disorder and Food Allergy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lei WANG, Auteur ; Weimin SHEN, Auteur ; Hao YAO, Auteur ; Rongying ZHENG, Auteur ; Wenshu CHEN, Auteur ; Weixi ZHANG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.220-230 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and food allergy (FA) are global public health problems. Several studies have explored the association between ASD and FA, but the conclusions were inconsistent. The aim of this review was to evaluate the relationship between ASD and FA. The PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched from inception to February 2, 2020. Studies investigating the association between ASD and FA were included. A random effects model was used to pool risk estimates. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were used to explore the potential sources of heterogeneity. Fifteen studies with a total of 293,130 participants were included in this review. The pooled prevalence of FA in individuals with ASD was 13% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.10–0.17), while the pooled prevalence of FA in controls was 5% (95% CI: 0.04–0.07). The pooled odds ratio (OR) for FA in individuals with ASD was 2.45 (95% CI: 2.25–2.67). One study examined the prevalence of ASD in participants with FA. The prevalence of ASD in individuals with FA was 3.5% (95% CI: 0.029–0.042), while the prevalence of ASD in the control group was 1.6% (95% CI: 0.015–0.017). Five study examined the OR of ASD in participants with FA. The OR for ASD in individuals with FA was 1.95 (95% CI: 1.73–2.19). The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis seem to reveal a significant association between ASD and FA. Lay Summary This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluate the relationship between ASD and FA. We found that the prevalence of FA was higher in participants with ASD than in controls and participants with ASD were at risk of developing FA and the prevalence of ASD was higher in participants with FA than in controls and participants with FA were at risk of developing ASD. Additional research such as a prospective cohort study is required to better understand the relationship between ASD and FA. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2454 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441 [article] Association between Autism Spectrum Disorder and Food Allergy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lei WANG, Auteur ; Weimin SHEN, Auteur ; Hao YAO, Auteur ; Rongying ZHENG, Auteur ; Wenshu CHEN, Auteur ; Weixi ZHANG, Auteur . - p.220-230. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-1 (January 2021) . - p.220-230 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and food allergy (FA) are global public health problems. Several studies have explored the association between ASD and FA, but the conclusions were inconsistent. The aim of this review was to evaluate the relationship between ASD and FA. The PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched from inception to February 2, 2020. Studies investigating the association between ASD and FA were included. A random effects model was used to pool risk estimates. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were used to explore the potential sources of heterogeneity. Fifteen studies with a total of 293,130 participants were included in this review. The pooled prevalence of FA in individuals with ASD was 13% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.10–0.17), while the pooled prevalence of FA in controls was 5% (95% CI: 0.04–0.07). The pooled odds ratio (OR) for FA in individuals with ASD was 2.45 (95% CI: 2.25–2.67). One study examined the prevalence of ASD in participants with FA. The prevalence of ASD in individuals with FA was 3.5% (95% CI: 0.029–0.042), while the prevalence of ASD in the control group was 1.6% (95% CI: 0.015–0.017). Five study examined the OR of ASD in participants with FA. The OR for ASD in individuals with FA was 1.95 (95% CI: 1.73–2.19). The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis seem to reveal a significant association between ASD and FA. Lay Summary This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluate the relationship between ASD and FA. We found that the prevalence of FA was higher in participants with ASD than in controls and participants with ASD were at risk of developing FA and the prevalence of ASD was higher in participants with FA than in controls and participants with FA were at risk of developing ASD. Additional research such as a prospective cohort study is required to better understand the relationship between ASD and FA. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2454 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441

INSAR President's message in Autism Research, 14-1 (January 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-1 (January 2021) . - p.231-231 Titre : INSAR President's message Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Article en page(s) : p.231-231 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2473 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441 [article] INSAR President's message [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] . - p.231-231. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-1 (January 2021) . - p.231-231 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2473 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441