Dépouillements

Maturing insights into the genetic architecture of neurodevelopmental disorders – from common and rare variant interplay to precision psychiatry / Klaus-Peter LESCH in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-6 (June 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-6 (June 2016) . - p.659-661 Titre : Maturing insights into the genetic architecture of neurodevelopmental disorders – from common and rare variant interplay to precision psychiatry Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Klaus-Peter LESCH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.659-661 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The categorisation of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders by clinical syndromes, rather than by aetiology, continues to obstruct progress in biomarker identification as well as innovative drug development and effective treatment in general. There is a decisive move to think of neurodevelopmental disorders as a spectrum rather than discrete categorical entities. We might call them neurodevelopmental spectrum disorders (NSDs) ranging from intellectual disability (ID) to autism (ASD), and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (Kiser, Rivero, & Lesch, ). En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12574 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=289 [article] Maturing insights into the genetic architecture of neurodevelopmental disorders – from common and rare variant interplay to precision psychiatry [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Klaus-Peter LESCH, Auteur . - p.659-661. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-6 (June 2016) . - p.659-661 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The categorisation of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders by clinical syndromes, rather than by aetiology, continues to obstruct progress in biomarker identification as well as innovative drug development and effective treatment in general. There is a decisive move to think of neurodevelopmental disorders as a spectrum rather than discrete categorical entities. We might call them neurodevelopmental spectrum disorders (NSDs) ranging from intellectual disability (ID) to autism (ASD), and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (Kiser, Rivero, & Lesch, ). En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12574 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=289

Practitioner Review: On the trustworthiness of clinical practice guidelines – a systematic review of the quality of methods used to develop guidelines in child and youth mental health / Kathryn J. BENNETT in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-6 (June 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-6 (June 2016) . - p.662-673 Titre : Practitioner Review: On the trustworthiness of clinical practice guidelines – a systematic review of the quality of methods used to develop guidelines in child and youth mental health Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kathryn J. BENNETT, Auteur ; Daniel A. GORMAN, Auteur ; Stephanie DUDA, Auteur ; Melissa BROUWERS, Auteur ; Peter SZATMARI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.662-673 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Mental health  methodology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Numerous practice guidelines (PGs) relevant to child and youth mental health (CYMH) are available, but their quality is uncertain. We used systematic review methodology to identify the methods employed to develop PGs in CYMH and assess whether they align with international quality standards. Methods We used prespecified inclusion criteria to search for CYMH PGs (2009–2014) in journals of professional associations or websites of organizations who produce or house PGs. Eligible PGs and organization websites were screened to identify PG development methods. Two reviewers assessed the alignment of the PG development methods with PG quality criteria using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) domains and Institute of Medicine (IOM) standards. Results Five sets of eligible development methods were identified in 70 eligible PGs. Three sets adhered to all (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence; Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network) or most (U.S. Preventive Services Task Force) AGREE II domains and IOM standards, and were used to develop 31.4% of PGs. The two remaining sets of development methods had important weaknesses (e.g. lack of mandatory rigorous systematic reviews, multidisciplinary development groups, or transparent conflict of interest methods) and were associated with 21.4% of PGs. No development methods could be identified in 40.0% of PGs; ineligible development methods were referenced in 7.1% of PGs. Conclusions Up to 69% of available CYMH PGs may have been developed using methods that do not align with AGREE II quality criteria or IOM standards. The quality of available CYMH PGs needs to be assessed, and strategies designed to guide practitioners to high quality PGs and facilitate adherence by PG developers to international quality standards are needed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12547 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=289 [article] Practitioner Review: On the trustworthiness of clinical practice guidelines – a systematic review of the quality of methods used to develop guidelines in child and youth mental health [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kathryn J. BENNETT, Auteur ; Daniel A. GORMAN, Auteur ; Stephanie DUDA, Auteur ; Melissa BROUWERS, Auteur ; Peter SZATMARI, Auteur . - p.662-673. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-6 (June 2016) . - p.662-673 Mots-clés : Mental health  methodology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Numerous practice guidelines (PGs) relevant to child and youth mental health (CYMH) are available, but their quality is uncertain. We used systematic review methodology to identify the methods employed to develop PGs in CYMH and assess whether they align with international quality standards. Methods We used prespecified inclusion criteria to search for CYMH PGs (2009–2014) in journals of professional associations or websites of organizations who produce or house PGs. Eligible PGs and organization websites were screened to identify PG development methods. Two reviewers assessed the alignment of the PG development methods with PG quality criteria using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) domains and Institute of Medicine (IOM) standards. Results Five sets of eligible development methods were identified in 70 eligible PGs. Three sets adhered to all (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence; Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network) or most (U.S. Preventive Services Task Force) AGREE II domains and IOM standards, and were used to develop 31.4% of PGs. The two remaining sets of development methods had important weaknesses (e.g. lack of mandatory rigorous systematic reviews, multidisciplinary development groups, or transparent conflict of interest methods) and were associated with 21.4% of PGs. No development methods could be identified in 40.0% of PGs; ineligible development methods were referenced in 7.1% of PGs. Conclusions Up to 69% of available CYMH PGs may have been developed using methods that do not align with AGREE II quality criteria or IOM standards. The quality of available CYMH PGs needs to be assessed, and strategies designed to guide practitioners to high quality PGs and facilitate adherence by PG developers to international quality standards are needed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12547 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=289

Editorial Perspective: Psychological stress and epigenetic aging – what can we learn and how can we prevent? / Anthony S. ZANNAS in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-6 (June 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-6 (June 2016) . - p.674-675 Titre : Editorial Perspective: Psychological stress and epigenetic aging – what can we learn and how can we prevent? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Anthony S. ZANNAS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.674-675 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Ageing  epigenetics  stress Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Psychological stress can exert a lasting impact on the aging process. This hypothesis, long posited by Hans Selye, has been supported by evidence linking stressors with several aging-related disease phenotypes. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying this association. Among plausible mechanisms linking stress and aging, evidence supports the role of epigenetic modifications, a set of molecular processes that can be induced by environmental stressors and regulate gene expression without altering the underlying genetic sequence. In particular, recent evidence shows that psychological stress can accelerate epigenetic aging, a measure based on DNA methylation prediction of chronological age that shows promise as biomarker of aging. Some studies further suggest that epigenetic aging could be modifiable, albeit others contradict this hypothesis. Future studies will need to determine the preventability or reversibility of epigenetic aging in response to distinct interventions and the potential clinical implications of such a prevention or reversal. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12535 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=289 [article] Editorial Perspective: Psychological stress and epigenetic aging – what can we learn and how can we prevent? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Anthony S. ZANNAS, Auteur . - p.674-675. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-6 (June 2016) . - p.674-675 Mots-clés : Ageing  epigenetics  stress Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Psychological stress can exert a lasting impact on the aging process. This hypothesis, long posited by Hans Selye, has been supported by evidence linking stressors with several aging-related disease phenotypes. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying this association. Among plausible mechanisms linking stress and aging, evidence supports the role of epigenetic modifications, a set of molecular processes that can be induced by environmental stressors and regulate gene expression without altering the underlying genetic sequence. In particular, recent evidence shows that psychological stress can accelerate epigenetic aging, a measure based on DNA methylation prediction of chronological age that shows promise as biomarker of aging. Some studies further suggest that epigenetic aging could be modifiable, albeit others contradict this hypothesis. Future studies will need to determine the preventability or reversibility of epigenetic aging in response to distinct interventions and the potential clinical implications of such a prevention or reversal. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12535 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=289

Is there an association between eating behaviour and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in preschool children? / Vasiliki LEVENTAKOU in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-6 (June 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-6 (June 2016) . - p.676-684 Titre : Is there an association between eating behaviour and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in preschool children? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Vasiliki LEVENTAKOU, Auteur ; Nadia MICALI, Auteur ; Vaggelis GEORGIOU, Auteur ; Katerina SARRI, Auteur ; Katerina KOUTRA, Auteur ; Stella KOINAKI, Auteur ; Maria VASSILAKI, Auteur ; Manolis KOGEVINAS, Auteur ; Leda CHATZI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.676-684 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Eating behaviour  child development  attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background There is some evidence that aberrant eating behaviours and obesity co-occur with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. The present study is the first that aims to investigate the association between eating behaviours and ADHD symptoms in early childhood in a population-based cohort. Methods We included 471 preschool children from the Rhea mother–child cohort in Crete, Greece. Parents completed the Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire to assess children's eating behaviour and the 36-item ADHD test (ADHDT) to evaluate ADHD symptoms at 4 years of age. Multivariable linear regression models were used to examine the association of eating behaviours with ADHD symptoms. Results Regarding children's food approach eating behaviours, we observed a positive association between food responsiveness and total ADHD index, as well as impulsivity, inattention and hyperactivity subscale, separately. Similarly, there was a significant positive association between emotional overeating and ADHD symptoms. With regard to children's food avoidant behaviours, food fussiness was found to be significantly associated with the impulsivity subscale. A dose–response association between the food approach behaviours and ADHD symptoms was also observed. Children on the medium and highest tertile of the food responsiveness subscale had increased scores on the ADHD total scale, as compared to those on the lowest tertile. As regards emotional overeating, children in the highest tertile of the scale had higher scores on ADHD total and hyperactivity. Conclusions Our findings provide evidence that food approach eating behaviours such as food responsiveness and emotional overeating are associated with the increased ADHD symptoms in preschool children. Future studies to better understand this overlap will enhance potential interventions. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12504 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=289 [article] Is there an association between eating behaviour and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in preschool children? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Vasiliki LEVENTAKOU, Auteur ; Nadia MICALI, Auteur ; Vaggelis GEORGIOU, Auteur ; Katerina SARRI, Auteur ; Katerina KOUTRA, Auteur ; Stella KOINAKI, Auteur ; Maria VASSILAKI, Auteur ; Manolis KOGEVINAS, Auteur ; Leda CHATZI, Auteur . - p.676-684. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-6 (June 2016) . - p.676-684 Mots-clés : Eating behaviour  child development  attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background There is some evidence that aberrant eating behaviours and obesity co-occur with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. The present study is the first that aims to investigate the association between eating behaviours and ADHD symptoms in early childhood in a population-based cohort. Methods We included 471 preschool children from the Rhea mother–child cohort in Crete, Greece. Parents completed the Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire to assess children's eating behaviour and the 36-item ADHD test (ADHDT) to evaluate ADHD symptoms at 4 years of age. Multivariable linear regression models were used to examine the association of eating behaviours with ADHD symptoms. Results Regarding children's food approach eating behaviours, we observed a positive association between food responsiveness and total ADHD index, as well as impulsivity, inattention and hyperactivity subscale, separately. Similarly, there was a significant positive association between emotional overeating and ADHD symptoms. With regard to children's food avoidant behaviours, food fussiness was found to be significantly associated with the impulsivity subscale. A dose–response association between the food approach behaviours and ADHD symptoms was also observed. Children on the medium and highest tertile of the food responsiveness subscale had increased scores on the ADHD total scale, as compared to those on the lowest tertile. As regards emotional overeating, children in the highest tertile of the scale had higher scores on ADHD total and hyperactivity. Conclusions Our findings provide evidence that food approach eating behaviours such as food responsiveness and emotional overeating are associated with the increased ADHD symptoms in preschool children. Future studies to better understand this overlap will enhance potential interventions. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12504 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=289

Commentary: Switching the zoom on the ADHD research lens – a reflection on Leventakou et al. (2016) / Samuele CORTESE in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-6 (June 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-6 (June 2016) . - p.685-686 Titre : Commentary: Switching the zoom on the ADHD research lens – a reflection on Leventakou et al. (2016) Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Samuele CORTESE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.685-686 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : eating  somatic Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The study by Leventakou and colleagues is emblematic of a welcome change in focus in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) research. First, the authors focused on the overlooked association between ADHD and aberrant eating patterns, reflecting an emerging change in the conceptualization of ADHD as a condition affecting not only high-level cognitive processes but also more basic functions such as eating and sleeping, as well as the underlying complex metabolic and possibly inflammatory pathways. Second, the authors focused, for the first time, on the relationship between ADHD and eating disorders in preschoolers, which is of relevance for the design of preventive strategies. Third, they zoomed closely to several types of aberrant eating behaviours; besides confirming the association of ADHD symptoms to emotional overeating, they also found an intriguing relationship between impulsivity and food fussiness. Further changes in perspective focusing on the underlying mechanisms, as well as using a wide-angle lens to capture the longitudinal relationship between ADHD and aberrant eating behaviours will not only provide a more detailed (clinical) picture of individuals with ADHD but will also hopefully lead to more effective preventive/treatment strategies. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12555 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=289 [article] Commentary: Switching the zoom on the ADHD research lens – a reflection on Leventakou et al. (2016) [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Samuele CORTESE, Auteur . - p.685-686. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-6 (June 2016) . - p.685-686 Mots-clés : eating  somatic Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The study by Leventakou and colleagues is emblematic of a welcome change in focus in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) research. First, the authors focused on the overlooked association between ADHD and aberrant eating patterns, reflecting an emerging change in the conceptualization of ADHD as a condition affecting not only high-level cognitive processes but also more basic functions such as eating and sleeping, as well as the underlying complex metabolic and possibly inflammatory pathways. Second, the authors focused, for the first time, on the relationship between ADHD and eating disorders in preschoolers, which is of relevance for the design of preventive strategies. Third, they zoomed closely to several types of aberrant eating behaviours; besides confirming the association of ADHD symptoms to emotional overeating, they also found an intriguing relationship between impulsivity and food fussiness. Further changes in perspective focusing on the underlying mechanisms, as well as using a wide-angle lens to capture the longitudinal relationship between ADHD and aberrant eating behaviours will not only provide a more detailed (clinical) picture of individuals with ADHD but will also hopefully lead to more effective preventive/treatment strategies. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12555 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=289

Childhood peer network characteristics: genetic influences and links with early mental health trajectories / Eszter SZEKELY in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-6 (June 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-6 (June 2016) . - p.687-694 Titre : Childhood peer network characteristics: genetic influences and links with early mental health trajectories Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Eszter SZEKELY, Auteur ; Irene PAPPA, Auteur ; James D. WILSON, Auteur ; Shankar BHAMIDI, Auteur ; Vincent W.V. JADDOE, Auteur ; Frank C. VERHULST, Auteur ; Henning TIEMEIER, Auteur ; Philip SHAW, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.687-694 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Heritability  peer networks  externalizing  internalizing  preschoolers Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Peer relationships are important for children's mental health, yet little is known of their etiological underpinnings. Here, we explore the genetic influences on childhood peer network characteristics in three different networks defined by rejection, acceptance, and prosocial behavior. We further examine the impact of early externalizing and internalizing trajectories on these same peer network characteristics. Methods Participants were 1,288 children from the Dutch ‘Generation R’ birth cohort. At age 7, we mapped out children's classroom peer networks for peer rejection, acceptance, and prosocial behavior using mutual peer nominations. In each network, genetic influences were estimated for children's degree centrality, closeness centrality and link reciprocity from DNA using Genome-wide Complex Trait Analysis. Preschool externalizing and internalizing trajectories were computed using parental ratings at ages 1.5, 3, and 5 years. Results Of the three network properties examined, closeness centrality emerged as significantly heritable across all networks. Preschool externalizing problems predicted unfavorable positions within peer rejection networks and having fewer mutual friendships. In contrast, children with preschool-internalizing problems were not actively rejected by their peers, but were less well-connected within their social support network. Conclusions Our finding of significant heritability for closeness centrality should be taken as preliminary evidence that requires replication. Nevertheless, it can orient us to the role of genes in shaping a child's position within peer networks. Additionally, social network perspectives offer rich insights into how early life mental health trajectories impact a child's later functioning within peer networks. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12493 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=289 [article] Childhood peer network characteristics: genetic influences and links with early mental health trajectories [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Eszter SZEKELY, Auteur ; Irene PAPPA, Auteur ; James D. WILSON, Auteur ; Shankar BHAMIDI, Auteur ; Vincent W.V. JADDOE, Auteur ; Frank C. VERHULST, Auteur ; Henning TIEMEIER, Auteur ; Philip SHAW, Auteur . - p.687-694. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-6 (June 2016) . - p.687-694 Mots-clés : Heritability  peer networks  externalizing  internalizing  preschoolers Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Peer relationships are important for children's mental health, yet little is known of their etiological underpinnings. Here, we explore the genetic influences on childhood peer network characteristics in three different networks defined by rejection, acceptance, and prosocial behavior. We further examine the impact of early externalizing and internalizing trajectories on these same peer network characteristics. Methods Participants were 1,288 children from the Dutch ‘Generation R’ birth cohort. At age 7, we mapped out children's classroom peer networks for peer rejection, acceptance, and prosocial behavior using mutual peer nominations. In each network, genetic influences were estimated for children's degree centrality, closeness centrality and link reciprocity from DNA using Genome-wide Complex Trait Analysis. Preschool externalizing and internalizing trajectories were computed using parental ratings at ages 1.5, 3, and 5 years. Results Of the three network properties examined, closeness centrality emerged as significantly heritable across all networks. Preschool externalizing problems predicted unfavorable positions within peer rejection networks and having fewer mutual friendships. In contrast, children with preschool-internalizing problems were not actively rejected by their peers, but were less well-connected within their social support network. Conclusions Our finding of significant heritability for closeness centrality should be taken as preliminary evidence that requires replication. Nevertheless, it can orient us to the role of genes in shaping a child's position within peer networks. Additionally, social network perspectives offer rich insights into how early life mental health trajectories impact a child's later functioning within peer networks. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12493 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=289

Commentary: Networks of peers, genes, and explanations – reflections on Szekely et al. (2016) / Thomas G. O'CONNOR in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-6 (June 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-6 (June 2016) . - p.695-696 Titre : Commentary: Networks of peers, genes, and explanations – reflections on Szekely et al. (2016) Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Thomas G. O'CONNOR, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.695-696 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Peer relationships  phenotype  genetics  behavioural Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Much has been learned about the origins and effects of peer relationships on the health and well-being of children, adolescents, and adults. This commentary on Szekely et al. examines the role of genetics research on peer relationships, and the arising methodological and conceptual questions. Research findings on the genetics of peer networks illustrate how genetic influences may shape complex and dynamic phenotypes. Equally complex is the application of these findings for theory and practice. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12536 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=289 [article] Commentary: Networks of peers, genes, and explanations – reflections on Szekely et al. (2016) [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Thomas G. O'CONNOR, Auteur . - p.695-696. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-6 (June 2016) . - p.695-696 Mots-clés : Peer relationships  phenotype  genetics  behavioural Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Much has been learned about the origins and effects of peer relationships on the health and well-being of children, adolescents, and adults. This commentary on Szekely et al. examines the role of genetics research on peer relationships, and the arising methodological and conceptual questions. Research findings on the genetics of peer networks illustrate how genetic influences may shape complex and dynamic phenotypes. Equally complex is the application of these findings for theory and practice. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12536 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=289

Aberrant local striatal functional connectivity in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder / Daniel VON RHEIN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-6 (June 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-6 (June 2016) . - p.697-705 Titre : Aberrant local striatal functional connectivity in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Daniel VON RHEIN, Auteur ; Marianne OLDEHINKEL, Auteur ; Christian F. BECKMANN, Auteur ; Jaap OOSTERLAAN, Auteur ; Dirk J. HESLENFELD, Auteur ; Catharina A. HARTMAN, Auteur ; Pieter J. HOEKSTRA, Auteur ; Barbara FRANKE, Auteur ; Roshan COOLS, Auteur ; Jan K. BUITELAAR, Auteur ; Maarten MENNES, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.697-705 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Resting-state fMRI  functional connectivity  attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder  cortico-striatal networks  striatum  putamen Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Task-based and resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) studies report attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-related alterations in brain regions implicated in cortico-striatal networks. We assessed whether ADHD is associated with changes in the brain's global cortico-striatal functional architecture, or whether ADHD-related alterations are limited to local, intrastriatal functional connections. Methods We included a cohort of adolescents with ADHD (N = 181) and healthy controls (N = 140) and assessed functional connectivity of nucleus accumbens, caudate nucleus, anterior putamen, and posterior putamen. To assess global cortico-striatal functional architecture we computed whole-brain functional connectivity by including all regions of interest in one multivariate analysis. We assessed local striatal functional connectivity using partial correlations between the time series of the striatal regions. Results Diagnostic status did not influence global cortico-striatal functional architecture. However, compared to controls, participants with ADHD exhibited significantly increased local functional connectivity between anterior and posterior putamen (p = .0003; ADHD: z = .30, controls: z = .24). Results were not affected by medication use or comorbid oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder. Conclusions Our results do not support hypotheses that ADHD is associated with alterations in cortico-striatal networks, but suggest changes in local striatal functional connectivity. We interpret our findings as aberrant development of local functional connectivity of the putamen, potentially leading to decreased functional segregation between anterior and posterior putamen in ADHD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12529 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=289 [article] Aberrant local striatal functional connectivity in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Daniel VON RHEIN, Auteur ; Marianne OLDEHINKEL, Auteur ; Christian F. BECKMANN, Auteur ; Jaap OOSTERLAAN, Auteur ; Dirk J. HESLENFELD, Auteur ; Catharina A. HARTMAN, Auteur ; Pieter J. HOEKSTRA, Auteur ; Barbara FRANKE, Auteur ; Roshan COOLS, Auteur ; Jan K. BUITELAAR, Auteur ; Maarten MENNES, Auteur . - p.697-705. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-6 (June 2016) . - p.697-705 Mots-clés : Resting-state fMRI  functional connectivity  attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder  cortico-striatal networks  striatum  putamen Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Task-based and resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) studies report attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-related alterations in brain regions implicated in cortico-striatal networks. We assessed whether ADHD is associated with changes in the brain's global cortico-striatal functional architecture, or whether ADHD-related alterations are limited to local, intrastriatal functional connections. Methods We included a cohort of adolescents with ADHD (N = 181) and healthy controls (N = 140) and assessed functional connectivity of nucleus accumbens, caudate nucleus, anterior putamen, and posterior putamen. To assess global cortico-striatal functional architecture we computed whole-brain functional connectivity by including all regions of interest in one multivariate analysis. We assessed local striatal functional connectivity using partial correlations between the time series of the striatal regions. Results Diagnostic status did not influence global cortico-striatal functional architecture. However, compared to controls, participants with ADHD exhibited significantly increased local functional connectivity between anterior and posterior putamen (p = .0003; ADHD: z = .30, controls: z = .24). Results were not affected by medication use or comorbid oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder. Conclusions Our results do not support hypotheses that ADHD is associated with alterations in cortico-striatal networks, but suggest changes in local striatal functional connectivity. We interpret our findings as aberrant development of local functional connectivity of the putamen, potentially leading to decreased functional segregation between anterior and posterior putamen in ADHD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12529 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=289

Actigraph measures discriminate pediatric bipolar disorder from attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and typically developing controls / Gianni L. FAEDDA in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-6 (June 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-6 (June 2016) . - p.706-716 Titre : Actigraph measures discriminate pediatric bipolar disorder from attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and typically developing controls Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Gianni L. FAEDDA, Auteur ; Kyoko OHASHI, Auteur ; Mariely HERNANDEZ, Auteur ; Cynthia E. MCGREENERY, Auteur ; Marie C. GRANT, Auteur ; Argelinda BARONI, Auteur ; Ann POLCARI, Auteur ; Martin H. TEICHER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.706-716 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Actigraphy  ADHD  bipolar disorder  child  circadian rhythms  sleep Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Distinguishing pediatric bipolar disorder (BD) from attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can be challenging. Hyperactivity is a core feature of both disorders, but severely disturbed sleep and circadian dysregulation are more characteristic of BD, at least in adults. We tested the hypothesis that objective measures of activity, sleep, and circadian rhythms would help differentiate pediatric subjects with BD from ADHD and typically developing controls. Methods Unmedicated youths (N = 155, 97 males, age 5–18) were diagnosed using DSM-IV criteria with Kiddie-SADS PL/E. BD youths (n = 48) were compared to typically developing controls (n = 42) and children with ADHD (n = 44) or ADHD plus comorbid depressive disorders (n = 21). Three-to-five days of minute-to-minute belt-worn actigraph data (Ambulatory Monitoring Inc.), collected during the school week, were processed to yield 28 metrics per subject, and assessed for group differences with analysis of covariance. Cross-validated machine learning algorithms were used to determine the predictive accuracy of a four-parameter model, with measures reflecting sleep, hyperactivity, and circadian dysregulation, plus Indic's bipolar vulnerability index (VI). Results There were prominent group differences in several activity measures, notably mean 5 lowest hours of activity, skewness of diurnal activity, relative circadian amplitude, and VI. A predictive support vector machine model discriminated bipolar from non-bipolar with mean accuracy of 83.1 ± 5.4%, ROC area of 0.781 ± 0.071, kappa of 0.587 ± 0.136, specificity of 91.7 ± 5.3%, and sensitivity of 64.4 ± 13.6%. Conclusions Objective measures of sleep, circadian rhythmicity, and hyperactivity were abnormal in BD. Wearable sensor technology may provide bio-behavioral markers that can help differentiate children with BD from ADHD and healthy controls. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12520 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=289 [article] Actigraph measures discriminate pediatric bipolar disorder from attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and typically developing controls [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Gianni L. FAEDDA, Auteur ; Kyoko OHASHI, Auteur ; Mariely HERNANDEZ, Auteur ; Cynthia E. MCGREENERY, Auteur ; Marie C. GRANT, Auteur ; Argelinda BARONI, Auteur ; Ann POLCARI, Auteur ; Martin H. TEICHER, Auteur . - p.706-716. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-6 (June 2016) . - p.706-716 Mots-clés : Actigraphy  ADHD  bipolar disorder  child  circadian rhythms  sleep Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Distinguishing pediatric bipolar disorder (BD) from attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can be challenging. Hyperactivity is a core feature of both disorders, but severely disturbed sleep and circadian dysregulation are more characteristic of BD, at least in adults. We tested the hypothesis that objective measures of activity, sleep, and circadian rhythms would help differentiate pediatric subjects with BD from ADHD and typically developing controls. Methods Unmedicated youths (N = 155, 97 males, age 5–18) were diagnosed using DSM-IV criteria with Kiddie-SADS PL/E. BD youths (n = 48) were compared to typically developing controls (n = 42) and children with ADHD (n = 44) or ADHD plus comorbid depressive disorders (n = 21). Three-to-five days of minute-to-minute belt-worn actigraph data (Ambulatory Monitoring Inc.), collected during the school week, were processed to yield 28 metrics per subject, and assessed for group differences with analysis of covariance. Cross-validated machine learning algorithms were used to determine the predictive accuracy of a four-parameter model, with measures reflecting sleep, hyperactivity, and circadian dysregulation, plus Indic's bipolar vulnerability index (VI). Results There were prominent group differences in several activity measures, notably mean 5 lowest hours of activity, skewness of diurnal activity, relative circadian amplitude, and VI. A predictive support vector machine model discriminated bipolar from non-bipolar with mean accuracy of 83.1 ± 5.4%, ROC area of 0.781 ± 0.071, kappa of 0.587 ± 0.136, specificity of 91.7 ± 5.3%, and sensitivity of 64.4 ± 13.6%. Conclusions Objective measures of sleep, circadian rhythmicity, and hyperactivity were abnormal in BD. Wearable sensor technology may provide bio-behavioral markers that can help differentiate children with BD from ADHD and healthy controls. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12520 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=289

Extended-release guanfacine hydrochloride in 6–17-year olds with ADHD: a randomised-withdrawal maintenance of efficacy study / Jeffrey H. NEWCORN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-6 (June 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-6 (June 2016) . - p.717-728 Titre : Extended-release guanfacine hydrochloride in 6–17-year olds with ADHD: a randomised-withdrawal maintenance of efficacy study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jeffrey H. NEWCORN, Auteur ; Valerie HARPIN, Auteur ; Michael HUSS, Auteur ; Andrew LYNE, Auteur ; Vanja SIKIRICA, Auteur ; Mats JOHNSON, Auteur ; Josep Antoni RAMOS-QUIROGA, Auteur ; Judy VAN STRALEN, Auteur ; Benoit DUTRAY, Auteur ; Sasha SRECKOVIC, Auteur ; Ralph BLOOMFIELD, Auteur ; Brigitte ROBERTSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.717-728 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Long term  efficacy  randomised  withdrawal  attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder  guanfacine Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Extended-release guanfacine hydrochloride (GXR), a selective ?2A-adrenergic agonist, is a nonstimulant medication for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This phase 3, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised-withdrawal study evaluated the long-term maintenance of GXR efficacy in children/adolescents with ADHD. Methods Children/adolescents (6–17 years) with ADHD received open-label GXR (1–7 mg/day). After 13 weeks, responders were randomised to GXR or placebo in the 26-week, double-blind, randomised-withdrawal phase (RWP). The primary endpoint was the percentage of treatment failure (?50% increase in ADHD Rating Scale version IV total score and ?2-point increase in Clinical Global Impression-Severity compared with RWP baseline, at two consecutive visits). The key secondary endpoint was time to treatment failure (TTF). Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01081145; EudraCT 2009-018161-12. Results A total of 528 participants enrolled; 316 (59.8%) entered the RWP. Treatment failure occurred in 49.3% of the GXR and 64.9% of the placebo group (p = 0.006). TTF was significantly longer in GXR versus placebo (p = 0.003). GXR was well tolerated. Conclusions Guanfacine hydrochloride demonstrated long-term maintenance of efficacy compared with placebo in children/adolescents with ADHD. Implications of the placebo substitution design and findings with different ADHD medications are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12492 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=289 [article] Extended-release guanfacine hydrochloride in 6–17-year olds with ADHD: a randomised-withdrawal maintenance of efficacy study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jeffrey H. NEWCORN, Auteur ; Valerie HARPIN, Auteur ; Michael HUSS, Auteur ; Andrew LYNE, Auteur ; Vanja SIKIRICA, Auteur ; Mats JOHNSON, Auteur ; Josep Antoni RAMOS-QUIROGA, Auteur ; Judy VAN STRALEN, Auteur ; Benoit DUTRAY, Auteur ; Sasha SRECKOVIC, Auteur ; Ralph BLOOMFIELD, Auteur ; Brigitte ROBERTSON, Auteur . - p.717-728. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-6 (June 2016) . - p.717-728 Mots-clés : Long term  efficacy  randomised  withdrawal  attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder  guanfacine Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Extended-release guanfacine hydrochloride (GXR), a selective ?2A-adrenergic agonist, is a nonstimulant medication for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This phase 3, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised-withdrawal study evaluated the long-term maintenance of GXR efficacy in children/adolescents with ADHD. Methods Children/adolescents (6–17 years) with ADHD received open-label GXR (1–7 mg/day). After 13 weeks, responders were randomised to GXR or placebo in the 26-week, double-blind, randomised-withdrawal phase (RWP). The primary endpoint was the percentage of treatment failure (?50% increase in ADHD Rating Scale version IV total score and ?2-point increase in Clinical Global Impression-Severity compared with RWP baseline, at two consecutive visits). The key secondary endpoint was time to treatment failure (TTF). Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01081145; EudraCT 2009-018161-12. Results A total of 528 participants enrolled; 316 (59.8%) entered the RWP. Treatment failure occurred in 49.3% of the GXR and 64.9% of the placebo group (p = 0.006). TTF was significantly longer in GXR versus placebo (p = 0.003). GXR was well tolerated. Conclusions Guanfacine hydrochloride demonstrated long-term maintenance of efficacy compared with placebo in children/adolescents with ADHD. Implications of the placebo substitution design and findings with different ADHD medications are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12492 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=289

Oppositional defiant disorder dimensions and subtypes among detained male adolescent offenders / Marcel AEBI in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-6 (June 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-6 (June 2016) . - p.729-736 Titre : Oppositional defiant disorder dimensions and subtypes among detained male adolescent offenders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Marcel AEBI, Auteur ; Steffen BARRA, Auteur ; Cornelia BESSLER, Auteur ; Hans-Christoph STEINHAUSEN, Auteur ; Susanne WALITZA, Auteur ; Belinda PLATTNER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.729-736 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ODD  detained juvenile offender  irritability  defiance  criminal recidivism  suicidality Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background In adolescent offenders, oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and its dimensions/subtypes have been frequently ignored due to the stronger focus on criminal behaviours. The revised criteria of the DSM-5 now allow diagnosing ODD in older youths independent of conduct disorder (CD). This study aimed at analysing ODD dimensions/subtypes and their relation to suicidality, comorbid psychiatric disorders, and criminal behaviours after release from detention in a sample of detained male adolescents. Methods Suicidality and psychiatric disorders (including ODD symptoms) were assessed in a consecutive sample of 158 male adolescents (Mage = 16.89 years) from the Zurich Juvenile Detention Centre. Based on previous research findings, an irritable ODD dimension and a defiant/vindictive ODD dimension based on ODD symptoms were defined. Latent Class Analysis (LCA) was used to identify distinct subtypes of adolescent offenders according to their ODD symptom profiles. Logistic regression and Cox regression were used to analyse the relations of ODD dimensions/ODD subtypes to comorbid psychopathology and criminal reoffenses from official data. Results The ODD-irritable dimension, but not the ODD defiant/vindictive dimension predicted comorbid anxiety, suicidality and violent reoffending. LCA identified four subtypes, namely, a no-ODD subtype, a severe ODD subtype and two moderate ODD subtypes with either defiant or irritable symptoms. The irritable ODD subtype and the severe ODD subtype were related to suicidality and comorbid affective/anxiety disorders. The irritable ODD subtype was the strongest predictor of criminal (violent) reoffending even when controlling for CD. Conclusions The present findings confirm the presence of ODD dimensions/subtypes in a highly disturbed adolescent offender sample. Irritable youths were at risk of suicide and persistent criminal behaviours. Due to the severe consequences of irritability, a standardized assessment approach and a specific treatment is needed in prison to prevent suicide among the detainees and further harm to the society. As defined in the DSM-5, the present findings confirm the validity of ODD and ODD dimensions/subtypes as a diagnostic category among older youths. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12473 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=289 [article] Oppositional defiant disorder dimensions and subtypes among detained male adolescent offenders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Marcel AEBI, Auteur ; Steffen BARRA, Auteur ; Cornelia BESSLER, Auteur ; Hans-Christoph STEINHAUSEN, Auteur ; Susanne WALITZA, Auteur ; Belinda PLATTNER, Auteur . - p.729-736. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-6 (June 2016) . - p.729-736 Mots-clés : ODD  detained juvenile offender  irritability  defiance  criminal recidivism  suicidality Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background In adolescent offenders, oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and its dimensions/subtypes have been frequently ignored due to the stronger focus on criminal behaviours. The revised criteria of the DSM-5 now allow diagnosing ODD in older youths independent of conduct disorder (CD). This study aimed at analysing ODD dimensions/subtypes and their relation to suicidality, comorbid psychiatric disorders, and criminal behaviours after release from detention in a sample of detained male adolescents. Methods Suicidality and psychiatric disorders (including ODD symptoms) were assessed in a consecutive sample of 158 male adolescents (Mage = 16.89 years) from the Zurich Juvenile Detention Centre. Based on previous research findings, an irritable ODD dimension and a defiant/vindictive ODD dimension based on ODD symptoms were defined. Latent Class Analysis (LCA) was used to identify distinct subtypes of adolescent offenders according to their ODD symptom profiles. Logistic regression and Cox regression were used to analyse the relations of ODD dimensions/ODD subtypes to comorbid psychopathology and criminal reoffenses from official data. Results The ODD-irritable dimension, but not the ODD defiant/vindictive dimension predicted comorbid anxiety, suicidality and violent reoffending. LCA identified four subtypes, namely, a no-ODD subtype, a severe ODD subtype and two moderate ODD subtypes with either defiant or irritable symptoms. The irritable ODD subtype and the severe ODD subtype were related to suicidality and comorbid affective/anxiety disorders. The irritable ODD subtype was the strongest predictor of criminal (violent) reoffending even when controlling for CD. Conclusions The present findings confirm the presence of ODD dimensions/subtypes in a highly disturbed adolescent offender sample. Irritable youths were at risk of suicide and persistent criminal behaviours. Due to the severe consequences of irritability, a standardized assessment approach and a specific treatment is needed in prison to prevent suicide among the detainees and further harm to the society. As defined in the DSM-5, the present findings confirm the validity of ODD and ODD dimensions/subtypes as a diagnostic category among older youths. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12473 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=289

Different brain responses during empathy in autism spectrum disorders versus conduct disorder and callous-unemotional traits / Eduard T. KLAPWIJK in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-6 (June 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-6 (June 2016) . - p.737-747 Titre : Different brain responses during empathy in autism spectrum disorders versus conduct disorder and callous-unemotional traits Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Eduard T. KLAPWIJK, Auteur ; Moji AGHAJANI, Auteur ; Olivier F. COLINS, Auteur ; Godfried M. MARIJNISSEN, Auteur ; Arne POPMA, Auteur ; Natasja D. J. VAN LANG, Auteur ; Nic J. A. VAN DER WEE, Auteur ; Robert R. J. M. VERMEIREN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.737-747 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorders  callous-unemotional  conduct disorder  emotions  empathy  functional magnetic resonance imaging Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Deficits in empathy are reported in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and also underlie antisocial behavior of individuals with conduct disorder and callous-unemotional traits (CD/CU+). Many studies suggest that individuals with ASD are typically impaired in cognitive aspects of empathy, and individuals with CD/CU+ typically in affective aspects. In the current study, we compared the neural correlates of cognitive and affective aspects of empathy between youth with ASD and youth with CD/CU+. Methods Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to assess boys with ASD (N = 23), boys with CD/CU+ (N = 23), and typically developing (TD) boys (N = 33), aged 15–19 years. Angry and fearful faces were presented and participants were asked to either infer the emotional state from the face (other-task; emotion recognition) or to judge their own emotional response to the face (self-task; emotional resonance). Results During emotion recognition, boys with ASD showed reduced responses compared to the other groups in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). During emotional resonance, the CD/CU+ and ASD groups showed reduced amygdala responses compared to the TD controls, boys with ASD showed reduced responses in bilateral hippocampus, and the CD/CU+ boys showed reduced responses in the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and anterior insula (AI). Conclusion Results suggest differential abnormal brain responses associated with specific aspects of empathic functioning in ASD and CD/CU+. Decreased amygdala responses in ASD and CD/CU+ might point to impaired emotion processing in both disorders, whereas reduced vmPFC responses suggest problems in processing cognitive aspects of empathy in ASD. Reduced IFG/AI responses, finally, suggest decreased emotional resonance in CD/CU+. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12498 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=289 [article] Different brain responses during empathy in autism spectrum disorders versus conduct disorder and callous-unemotional traits [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Eduard T. KLAPWIJK, Auteur ; Moji AGHAJANI, Auteur ; Olivier F. COLINS, Auteur ; Godfried M. MARIJNISSEN, Auteur ; Arne POPMA, Auteur ; Natasja D. J. VAN LANG, Auteur ; Nic J. A. VAN DER WEE, Auteur ; Robert R. J. M. VERMEIREN, Auteur . - p.737-747. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-6 (June 2016) . - p.737-747 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorders  callous-unemotional  conduct disorder  emotions  empathy  functional magnetic resonance imaging Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Deficits in empathy are reported in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and also underlie antisocial behavior of individuals with conduct disorder and callous-unemotional traits (CD/CU+). Many studies suggest that individuals with ASD are typically impaired in cognitive aspects of empathy, and individuals with CD/CU+ typically in affective aspects. In the current study, we compared the neural correlates of cognitive and affective aspects of empathy between youth with ASD and youth with CD/CU+. Methods Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to assess boys with ASD (N = 23), boys with CD/CU+ (N = 23), and typically developing (TD) boys (N = 33), aged 15–19 years. Angry and fearful faces were presented and participants were asked to either infer the emotional state from the face (other-task; emotion recognition) or to judge their own emotional response to the face (self-task; emotional resonance). Results During emotion recognition, boys with ASD showed reduced responses compared to the other groups in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). During emotional resonance, the CD/CU+ and ASD groups showed reduced amygdala responses compared to the TD controls, boys with ASD showed reduced responses in bilateral hippocampus, and the CD/CU+ boys showed reduced responses in the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and anterior insula (AI). Conclusion Results suggest differential abnormal brain responses associated with specific aspects of empathic functioning in ASD and CD/CU+. Decreased amygdala responses in ASD and CD/CU+ might point to impaired emotion processing in both disorders, whereas reduced vmPFC responses suggest problems in processing cognitive aspects of empathy in ASD. Reduced IFG/AI responses, finally, suggest decreased emotional resonance in CD/CU+. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12498 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=289

Commentary: Cognitive and emotional empathy in transdiagnostic research – reflections on Klapwijk et al. (2016) / John D. HERRINGTON in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-6 (June 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-6 (June 2016) . - p.748-749 Titre : Commentary: Cognitive and emotional empathy in transdiagnostic research – reflections on Klapwijk et al. (2016) Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : John D. HERRINGTON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.748-749 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Empathy  autism spectrum disorders  conduct disorder  functional MRI Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Evidence across multiple disorders indicates that empathy is a transdiagnostic dimension of psychopathology. Klapwijk et al.'s (2016) functional MRI study examines whether autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and conduct disorder (CD) can be distinguished by the constructs of ‘cognitive’ and ‘emotional’ empathy – with the former focusing on accurate emotion perception and the latter on shared affective experience. This commentary examines the implications of the cognitive/emotional empathy distinction, and how it fits with existing accounts of perceptual differences in ASD. Cognitive empathy overlaps substantially with the constructs of emotion perception and Theory of Mind – both well studied among individuals with ASD, but generally viewed as fairly distinct from empathy. CD, on the other hand, is typically not associated with frank perceptual deficits. Although the brain imaging data from this study do not provide strong support for the constructs of cognitive and emotional empathy, the general approach used in this study is precisely the kind needed to test the validity and utility of transdiagnostic mechanisms of psychopathology. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12554 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=289 [article] Commentary: Cognitive and emotional empathy in transdiagnostic research – reflections on Klapwijk et al. (2016) [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / John D. HERRINGTON, Auteur . - p.748-749. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-6 (June 2016) . - p.748-749 Mots-clés : Empathy  autism spectrum disorders  conduct disorder  functional MRI Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Evidence across multiple disorders indicates that empathy is a transdiagnostic dimension of psychopathology. Klapwijk et al.'s (2016) functional MRI study examines whether autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and conduct disorder (CD) can be distinguished by the constructs of ‘cognitive’ and ‘emotional’ empathy – with the former focusing on accurate emotion perception and the latter on shared affective experience. This commentary examines the implications of the cognitive/emotional empathy distinction, and how it fits with existing accounts of perceptual differences in ASD. Cognitive empathy overlaps substantially with the constructs of emotion perception and Theory of Mind – both well studied among individuals with ASD, but generally viewed as fairly distinct from empathy. CD, on the other hand, is typically not associated with frank perceptual deficits. Although the brain imaging data from this study do not provide strong support for the constructs of cognitive and emotional empathy, the general approach used in this study is precisely the kind needed to test the validity and utility of transdiagnostic mechanisms of psychopathology. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12554 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=289

Predicting dyslexia using prereading skills: the role of sensorimotor and cognitive abilities / Julia M. CARROLL in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-6 (June 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-6 (June 2016) . - p.750-758 Titre : Predicting dyslexia using prereading skills: the role of sensorimotor and cognitive abilities Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Julia M. CARROLL, Auteur ; Jonathan SOLITY, Auteur ; Laura R. SHAPIRO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.750-758 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Dyslexia  educational attainment  longitudinal studies  prediction  phonological processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background It is well established that phonological awareness, print knowledge and rapid naming predict later reading difficulties. However, additional auditory, visual and motor difficulties have also been observed in dyslexic children. It is examined to what extent these difficulties can be used to predict later literacy difficulties. Method An unselected sample of 267 children at school entry completed a wide battery of tasks associated with dyslexia. Their reading was tested 2, 3 and 4 years later and poor readers were identified (n = 42). Logistic regression and multiple case study approaches were used to examine the predictive validity of different tasks. Results As expected, print knowledge, verbal short-term memory, phonological awareness and rapid naming were good predictors of later poor reading. Deficits in visual search and in auditory processing were also present in a large minority of the poor readers. Almost all poor readers showed deficits in at least one area at school entry, but there was no single deficit that characterised the majority of poor readers. Conclusions Results are in line with Pennington's () multiple deficits view of dyslexia. They indicate that the causes of poor reading outcome are multiple, interacting and probabilistic, rather than deterministic. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12488 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=289 [article] Predicting dyslexia using prereading skills: the role of sensorimotor and cognitive abilities [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Julia M. CARROLL, Auteur ; Jonathan SOLITY, Auteur ; Laura R. SHAPIRO, Auteur . - p.750-758. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-6 (June 2016) . - p.750-758 Mots-clés : Dyslexia  educational attainment  longitudinal studies  prediction  phonological processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background It is well established that phonological awareness, print knowledge and rapid naming predict later reading difficulties. However, additional auditory, visual and motor difficulties have also been observed in dyslexic children. It is examined to what extent these difficulties can be used to predict later literacy difficulties. Method An unselected sample of 267 children at school entry completed a wide battery of tasks associated with dyslexia. Their reading was tested 2, 3 and 4 years later and poor readers were identified (n = 42). Logistic regression and multiple case study approaches were used to examine the predictive validity of different tasks. Results As expected, print knowledge, verbal short-term memory, phonological awareness and rapid naming were good predictors of later poor reading. Deficits in visual search and in auditory processing were also present in a large minority of the poor readers. Almost all poor readers showed deficits in at least one area at school entry, but there was no single deficit that characterised the majority of poor readers. Conclusions Results are in line with Pennington's () multiple deficits view of dyslexia. They indicate that the causes of poor reading outcome are multiple, interacting and probabilistic, rather than deterministic. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12488 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=289

Symptoms of autism spectrum disorder and anxiety: shared familial transmission and cross-assortative mating / Jorieke DUVEKOT in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-6 (June 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-6 (June 2016) . - p.759-769 Titre : Symptoms of autism spectrum disorder and anxiety: shared familial transmission and cross-assortative mating Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jorieke DUVEKOT, Auteur ; Jan VAN DER ENDE, Auteur ; John N. CONSTANTINO, Auteur ; Frank C. VERHULST, Auteur ; Kirstin GREAVES-LORD, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.759-769 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  anxiety  familial transmission  cross-assortative mating Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background In order to shed more light on the frequent co-occurrence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and anxiety in children, the aims of the study were (a) to examine whether ASD and anxiety share familial transmission indicated by cross-symptom associations between parental and children's symptoms (e.g., parental anxiety predicting children's ASD) in addition to associations for similar symptoms; (b) to investigate the possibility that cross-assortative mating (i.e., whether ASD symptoms in one parent are positively associated with anxiety symptoms in the other parent) increases the risk for both ASD and anxiety in children. Method In 231 families of clinically referred children, parents rated both their own and the other parent's ASD and anxiety symptoms and one parent those of the index child and siblings (n = 447, aged 2.5–18 years). ASD symptoms were assessed using the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS-2) and anxiety symptoms using the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA) instruments. Results Parental ASD and anxiety symptoms predicted similar symptoms in children, dependent on the informant type. Additionally, parental anxiety symptoms across both self-report and informant-report predicted children's ASD symptoms and maternal self-reported ASD symptoms predicted children's anxiety symptoms. ASD and anxiety symptoms were correlated within parents, but we found only one cross-symptom association between parents. Conclusions Cross-symptom associations between parental and children's ASD and anxiety symptoms suggest shared familial transmission of ASD and anxiety, but further research is needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms. Cross-assortative mating does not seem a likely explanation for the co-occurrence of ASD and anxiety in children. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12508 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=289 [article] Symptoms of autism spectrum disorder and anxiety: shared familial transmission and cross-assortative mating [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jorieke DUVEKOT, Auteur ; Jan VAN DER ENDE, Auteur ; John N. CONSTANTINO, Auteur ; Frank C. VERHULST, Auteur ; Kirstin GREAVES-LORD, Auteur . - p.759-769. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-6 (June 2016) . - p.759-769 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  anxiety  familial transmission  cross-assortative mating Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background In order to shed more light on the frequent co-occurrence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and anxiety in children, the aims of the study were (a) to examine whether ASD and anxiety share familial transmission indicated by cross-symptom associations between parental and children's symptoms (e.g., parental anxiety predicting children's ASD) in addition to associations for similar symptoms; (b) to investigate the possibility that cross-assortative mating (i.e., whether ASD symptoms in one parent are positively associated with anxiety symptoms in the other parent) increases the risk for both ASD and anxiety in children. Method In 231 families of clinically referred children, parents rated both their own and the other parent's ASD and anxiety symptoms and one parent those of the index child and siblings (n = 447, aged 2.5–18 years). ASD symptoms were assessed using the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS-2) and anxiety symptoms using the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA) instruments. Results Parental ASD and anxiety symptoms predicted similar symptoms in children, dependent on the informant type. Additionally, parental anxiety symptoms across both self-report and informant-report predicted children's ASD symptoms and maternal self-reported ASD symptoms predicted children's anxiety symptoms. ASD and anxiety symptoms were correlated within parents, but we found only one cross-symptom association between parents. Conclusions Cross-symptom associations between parental and children's ASD and anxiety symptoms suggest shared familial transmission of ASD and anxiety, but further research is needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms. Cross-assortative mating does not seem a likely explanation for the co-occurrence of ASD and anxiety in children. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12508 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=289

Commentary: Objective aids for the assessment of ADHD – further clarification of what FDA approval for marketing means and why NEBA might help clinicians. A response to Arns et al. (2016) / Mark A. STEIN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-6 (June 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-6 (June 2016) . - p.770-771 Titre : Commentary: Objective aids for the assessment of ADHD – further clarification of what FDA approval for marketing means and why NEBA might help clinicians. A response to Arns et al. (2016) Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Mark A. STEIN, Auteur ; Steven M. SNYDER, Auteur ; Thomas A. RUGINO, Auteur ; Mady HORNIG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.770-771 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Neuropsychiatric EEG-Based ADHD Assessment Aid (NEBA) is an EEG-based device designed to aid in the diagnostic process for ADHD by identifying individuals less likely to have ADHD by virtue of a lower theta/beta ratio. In using NEBA as an example, the Arns et al. commentary misstates the purpose of NEBA, which is to widen the differential rather than to make the diagnosis. Arns et al. caution about missing an ADHD diagnosis, but fail to mention the impact of overdiagnosis. If we are to advance our knowledge of the etiology and pathophysiology of ADHD, as well as develop tailored treatments and ultimately improve outcomes for ADHD, then biomarkers and objective assessment aids such as NEBA are needed to improve and refine diagnostic accuracy beyond symptom description and clinical history. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12534 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=289 [article] Commentary: Objective aids for the assessment of ADHD – further clarification of what FDA approval for marketing means and why NEBA might help clinicians. A response to Arns et al. (2016) [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Mark A. STEIN, Auteur ; Steven M. SNYDER, Auteur ; Thomas A. RUGINO, Auteur ; Mady HORNIG, Auteur . - p.770-771. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-6 (June 2016) . - p.770-771 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Neuropsychiatric EEG-Based ADHD Assessment Aid (NEBA) is an EEG-based device designed to aid in the diagnostic process for ADHD by identifying individuals less likely to have ADHD by virtue of a lower theta/beta ratio. In using NEBA as an example, the Arns et al. commentary misstates the purpose of NEBA, which is to widen the differential rather than to make the diagnosis. Arns et al. caution about missing an ADHD diagnosis, but fail to mention the impact of overdiagnosis. If we are to advance our knowledge of the etiology and pathophysiology of ADHD, as well as develop tailored treatments and ultimately improve outcomes for ADHD, then biomarkers and objective assessment aids such as NEBA are needed to improve and refine diagnostic accuracy beyond symptom description and clinical history. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12534 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=289

Erratum in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-6 (June 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-6 (June 2016) . - p.E1-E1 Titre : Erratum Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Article en page(s) : p.E1-E1 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12575 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=289 [article] Erratum [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] . - p.E1-E1. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-6 (June 2016) . - p.E1-E1 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12575 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=289