Dépouillements

Insufficient evidence for inclusion of motor deficits in the ASD diagnostic criteria: A response to Bhat (2021) / Somer L. BISHOP in Autism Research, 15-8 (August 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-8 (August 2022) . - p.1374-1375 Titre : Insufficient evidence for inclusion of motor deficits in the ASD diagnostic criteria: A response to Bhat (2021) Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Somer L. BISHOP, Auteur ; Jordan WICKSTROM, Auteur ; Audrey THURM, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1374-1375 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis  Humans  Motor Skills Disorders/diagnosis  Severity of Illness Index Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2775 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=483 [article] Insufficient evidence for inclusion of motor deficits in the ASD diagnostic criteria: A response to Bhat (2021) [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Somer L. BISHOP, Auteur ; Jordan WICKSTROM, Auteur ; Audrey THURM, Auteur . - p.1374-1375. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-8 (August 2022) . - p.1374-1375 Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis  Humans  Motor Skills Disorders/diagnosis  Severity of Illness Index Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2775 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=483

Why add motor to the definition of ASD: A response to Bishop et al.'s critique of Bhat (2021) / Anjana BHAT in Autism Research, 15-8 (August 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-8 (August 2022) . - p.1376-1379 Titre : Why add motor to the definition of ASD: A response to Bishop et al.'s critique of Bhat (2021) Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Anjana BHAT, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1376-1379 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis  Humans Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2776 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=483 [article] Why add motor to the definition of ASD: A response to Bishop et al.'s critique of Bhat (2021) [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Anjana BHAT, Auteur . - p.1376-1379. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-8 (August 2022) . - p.1376-1379 Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis  Humans Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2776 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=483

Gaze and social functioning associations in autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis / Jacqueline A. RIDDIFORD in Autism Research, 15-8 (August 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-8 (August 2022) . - p.1380-1446 Titre : Gaze and social functioning associations in autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jacqueline A. RIDDIFORD, Auteur ; Peter G. ENTICOTT, Auteur ; Alex LAVALE, Auteur ; Caroline GURVICH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1380-1446 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Attention  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Fixation, Ocular  Humans  Social Interaction  Visual Perception  autism spectrum disorder  cognition  eye gaze  motivation  social functioning  visual processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by significant social functioning impairments, including (but not limited to) emotion recognition, mentalizing, and joint attention. Despite extensive investigation into the correlates of social functioning in ASD, only recently has there been focus on the role of low-level sensory input, particularly visual processing. Extensive gaze deficits have been described in ASD, from basic saccadic function through to social attention and the processing of complex biological motion. Given that social functioning often relies on accurately processing visual information, inefficient visual processing may contribute to the emergence and sustainment of social functioning difficulties in ASD. To explore the association between measures of gaze and social functioning in ASD, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted. A total of 95 studies were identified from a search of CINAHL Plus, Embase, OVID Medline, and psycINFO databases in July 2021. Findings support associations between increased gaze to the face/head and eye regions with improved social functioning and reduced autism symptom severity. However, gaze allocation to the mouth appears dependent on social and emotional content of scenes and the cognitive profile of participants. This review supports the investigation of gaze variables as potential biomarkers of ASD, although future longitudinal studies are required to investigate the developmental progression of this relationship and to explore the influence of heterogeneity in ASD clinical characteristics. LAY SUMMARY: This review explored how eye gaze (e.g., where a person looks when watching a movie) is associated with social functioning in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We found evidence that better social functioning in ASD was associated with increased eye gaze toward faces/head and eye regions. Individual characteristics (e.g., intelligence) and the complexity of the social scene also influenced eye gaze. Future research including large longitudinal studies and studies investigating the influence of differing presentations of ASD are recommended. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2729 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=483 [article] Gaze and social functioning associations in autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jacqueline A. RIDDIFORD, Auteur ; Peter G. ENTICOTT, Auteur ; Alex LAVALE, Auteur ; Caroline GURVICH, Auteur . - p.1380-1446. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-8 (August 2022) . - p.1380-1446 Mots-clés : Attention  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Fixation, Ocular  Humans  Social Interaction  Visual Perception  autism spectrum disorder  cognition  eye gaze  motivation  social functioning  visual processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by significant social functioning impairments, including (but not limited to) emotion recognition, mentalizing, and joint attention. Despite extensive investigation into the correlates of social functioning in ASD, only recently has there been focus on the role of low-level sensory input, particularly visual processing. Extensive gaze deficits have been described in ASD, from basic saccadic function through to social attention and the processing of complex biological motion. Given that social functioning often relies on accurately processing visual information, inefficient visual processing may contribute to the emergence and sustainment of social functioning difficulties in ASD. To explore the association between measures of gaze and social functioning in ASD, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted. A total of 95 studies were identified from a search of CINAHL Plus, Embase, OVID Medline, and psycINFO databases in July 2021. Findings support associations between increased gaze to the face/head and eye regions with improved social functioning and reduced autism symptom severity. However, gaze allocation to the mouth appears dependent on social and emotional content of scenes and the cognitive profile of participants. This review supports the investigation of gaze variables as potential biomarkers of ASD, although future longitudinal studies are required to investigate the developmental progression of this relationship and to explore the influence of heterogeneity in ASD clinical characteristics. LAY SUMMARY: This review explored how eye gaze (e.g., where a person looks when watching a movie) is associated with social functioning in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We found evidence that better social functioning in ASD was associated with increased eye gaze toward faces/head and eye regions. Individual characteristics (e.g., intelligence) and the complexity of the social scene also influenced eye gaze. Future research including large longitudinal studies and studies investigating the influence of differing presentations of ASD are recommended. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2729 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=483

Representativeness of autistic samples in studies recruiting through social media / Eya-Mist RØDGAARD in Autism Research, 15-8 (August 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-8 (August 2022) . - p.1447-1456 Titre : Representativeness of autistic samples in studies recruiting through social media Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Eya-Mist RØDGAARD, Auteur ; Kristian JENSEN, Auteur ; Kamilla Woznica MISKOWIAK, Auteur ; Laurent MOTTRON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1447-1456 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/epidemiology  Autistic Disorder  Humans  Intellectual Disability/epidemiology  Social Media  Surveys and Questionnaires  autism  online recruitment  sampling bias  selection bias Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Survey-based research with recruitment through online channels is a convenient way to obtain large samples and has recently been increasingly used in autism research. However, sampling from online channels may be associated with a high risk of sampling bias causing findings not to be generalizable to the autism population. Here we examined autism studies that have sampled on social media for markers of sampling bias. Most samples showed one or more indicators of sampling bias, in the form of reversed sex ratio, higher employment rates, higher education level, lower fraction of individuals with intellectual disability, and later age of diagnosis than would be expected when comparing with for example population study results from published research. Findings from many of the included studies are therefore difficult to generalize to the broader autism population. Suggestions for how research strategies may be adapted to address some of the problems are discussed. LAY SUMMARY: Online surveys offer a convenient way to recruit large numbers of participants for autism research. However, the resulting samples may not fully reflect the autism population. Here we investigated the samples of 36 autism studies that recruited participants online and found that the demographic composition tended to deviate from what has been reported about the autism population in previous research. The results may thus not be generalizable to autism in general. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2777 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=483 [article] Representativeness of autistic samples in studies recruiting through social media [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Eya-Mist RØDGAARD, Auteur ; Kristian JENSEN, Auteur ; Kamilla Woznica MISKOWIAK, Auteur ; Laurent MOTTRON, Auteur . - p.1447-1456. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-8 (August 2022) . - p.1447-1456 Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/epidemiology  Autistic Disorder  Humans  Intellectual Disability/epidemiology  Social Media  Surveys and Questionnaires  autism  online recruitment  sampling bias  selection bias Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Survey-based research with recruitment through online channels is a convenient way to obtain large samples and has recently been increasingly used in autism research. However, sampling from online channels may be associated with a high risk of sampling bias causing findings not to be generalizable to the autism population. Here we examined autism studies that have sampled on social media for markers of sampling bias. Most samples showed one or more indicators of sampling bias, in the form of reversed sex ratio, higher employment rates, higher education level, lower fraction of individuals with intellectual disability, and later age of diagnosis than would be expected when comparing with for example population study results from published research. Findings from many of the included studies are therefore difficult to generalize to the broader autism population. Suggestions for how research strategies may be adapted to address some of the problems are discussed. LAY SUMMARY: Online surveys offer a convenient way to recruit large numbers of participants for autism research. However, the resulting samples may not fully reflect the autism population. Here we investigated the samples of 36 autism studies that recruited participants online and found that the demographic composition tended to deviate from what has been reported about the autism population in previous research. The results may thus not be generalizable to autism in general. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2777 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=483

Increased context adjustment is associated with auditory sensitivities but not with autistic traits / Roshini RANDENIYA in Autism Research, 15-8 (August 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-8 (August 2022) . - p.1457-1468 Titre : Increased context adjustment is associated with auditory sensitivities but not with autistic traits Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Roshini RANDENIYA, Auteur ; Jason B. MATTINGLEY, Auteur ; Marta I. GARRIDO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1457-1468 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Acoustic Stimulation/methods  Auditory Perception/physiology  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Bayes Theorem  Electroencephalography  Evoked Potentials, Auditory/physiology  Humans  Bayesian  Eeg  Mmn  atypical perception  autism  precision  prediction errors  predictive coding Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Bayesian models of autism suggest that alterations in context-sensitive prediction error weighting may underpin sensory perceptual alterations, such as hypersensitivities. We used an auditory oddball paradigm with pure tones arising from high or low uncertainty contexts to determine whether autistic individuals display differences in context adjustment relative to neurotypicals. We did not find group differences in early prediction error responses indexed by mismatch negativity. A dimensional approach revealed a positive correlation between context-dependent prediction errors and subjective reports of auditory sensitivities, but not with autistic traits. These findings suggest that autism studies may benefit from accounting for sensory sensitivities in group comparisons. LAY SUMMARY: We aimed to understand if autistic and non-autistic groups showed differences in their electrical brain activity measured by electroencephalography (EEG) when listening to surprising tones infrequently embedded in a statistical pattern. We found no differences between the autistic and the non-autistic group in their EEG response to the surprising sound even if the pattern switched, indicating their ability to learn a pattern. We did find that, as subjective sensory sensitivities (but not autistic traits) increased, there were increasingly large differences between the EEG responses to surprising tones that were embedded in the different statistical patterns of tones. These findings show that perceptual alterations may be a function of sensory sensitivities, but not necessarily autistic traits. We suggest that future EEG studies in autism may benefit from accounting for sensory sensitivities. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2759 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=483 [article] Increased context adjustment is associated with auditory sensitivities but not with autistic traits [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Roshini RANDENIYA, Auteur ; Jason B. MATTINGLEY, Auteur ; Marta I. GARRIDO, Auteur . - p.1457-1468. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-8 (August 2022) . - p.1457-1468 Mots-clés : Acoustic Stimulation/methods  Auditory Perception/physiology  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Bayes Theorem  Electroencephalography  Evoked Potentials, Auditory/physiology  Humans  Bayesian  Eeg  Mmn  atypical perception  autism  precision  prediction errors  predictive coding Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Bayesian models of autism suggest that alterations in context-sensitive prediction error weighting may underpin sensory perceptual alterations, such as hypersensitivities. We used an auditory oddball paradigm with pure tones arising from high or low uncertainty contexts to determine whether autistic individuals display differences in context adjustment relative to neurotypicals. We did not find group differences in early prediction error responses indexed by mismatch negativity. A dimensional approach revealed a positive correlation between context-dependent prediction errors and subjective reports of auditory sensitivities, but not with autistic traits. These findings suggest that autism studies may benefit from accounting for sensory sensitivities in group comparisons. LAY SUMMARY: We aimed to understand if autistic and non-autistic groups showed differences in their electrical brain activity measured by electroencephalography (EEG) when listening to surprising tones infrequently embedded in a statistical pattern. We found no differences between the autistic and the non-autistic group in their EEG response to the surprising sound even if the pattern switched, indicating their ability to learn a pattern. We did find that, as subjective sensory sensitivities (but not autistic traits) increased, there were increasingly large differences between the EEG responses to surprising tones that were embedded in the different statistical patterns of tones. These findings show that perceptual alterations may be a function of sensory sensitivities, but not necessarily autistic traits. We suggest that future EEG studies in autism may benefit from accounting for sensory sensitivities. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2759 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=483

Reduced mismatch negativity in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder is associated with their impaired adaptive functioning / Jonathan LASSEN in Autism Research, 15-8 (August 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-8 (August 2022) . - p.1469-1481 Titre : Reduced mismatch negativity in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder is associated with their impaired adaptive functioning Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jonathan LASSEN, Auteur ; Bob ORANJE, Auteur ; Martin VESTERGAARD, Auteur ; Malene FOLDAGER, Auteur ; Troels W. KJAER, Auteur ; Sidse ARNFRED, Auteur ; Bodil AGGERNAES, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1469-1481 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Acoustic Stimulation/methods  Adolescent  Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications  Autistic Disorder  Brain  Child  Electroencephalography/methods  Humans  Asd  Eeg  adaptive behavior  autism  mismatch negativity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Children and adolescents on the autism spectrum display sensory disturbances, rigid and repetitive behavior, social communication problems and a high prevalence of impaired adaptive functioning. Autism is associated with slowed behavioral and neural habituation to repeated sensory input and decreased responses to sensory deviations. Mismatch negativity (MMN) reflects a pre-attentive difference in the neural response to sensory deviations relative to regularities and studies overall suggest that children and adolescents with autism tend to have smaller MMN. However, it remains unclear whether reduced MMN in autism is coupled to severity of specific autistic symptoms or more generally to lower level of adaptive functioning. To address these questions, the present study used electroencephalography (EEG) to assess whether auditory MMN in 59 children and adolescents with autism aged 7-14years compared to 59 typically developing children and adolescents were related to specific autistic symptoms or level in adaptive functioning. As hypothesized, the autism group had a lower MMN amplitude than controls. Smaller MMN amplitudes were specifically associated with lower adaptive functioning in the autistic subjects but not in controls while no apparent relationships were observed with autistic-like social interaction and communication problems, atypical language, rigidity, stereotypy or sensory sensitivity symptoms. Our findings indicate that a blunted response to changes in sensory input may underlie or contribute to the generalized difficulties with adapting to daily life circumstances seen in children and adolescents with autism. LAY SUMMARY: Children and adolescents on the autism spectrum have a high prevalence of impaired adaptive functioning. Neuroimaging studies have reported that children and adolescents with autism display attenuated brain activity when discriminating sensory input. However, it is unknown whether this attenuation is related to autistic symptoms and/or adaptive functioning. The present study used electroencephalogram (EEG) to show that attenuated brain response in discrimination of novel compared to repetitive sounds in children and adolescents with autism is related to their impaired adaptive functioning. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2738 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=483 [article] Reduced mismatch negativity in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder is associated with their impaired adaptive functioning [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jonathan LASSEN, Auteur ; Bob ORANJE, Auteur ; Martin VESTERGAARD, Auteur ; Malene FOLDAGER, Auteur ; Troels W. KJAER, Auteur ; Sidse ARNFRED, Auteur ; Bodil AGGERNAES, Auteur . - p.1469-1481. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-8 (August 2022) . - p.1469-1481 Mots-clés : Acoustic Stimulation/methods  Adolescent  Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications  Autistic Disorder  Brain  Child  Electroencephalography/methods  Humans  Asd  Eeg  adaptive behavior  autism  mismatch negativity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Children and adolescents on the autism spectrum display sensory disturbances, rigid and repetitive behavior, social communication problems and a high prevalence of impaired adaptive functioning. Autism is associated with slowed behavioral and neural habituation to repeated sensory input and decreased responses to sensory deviations. Mismatch negativity (MMN) reflects a pre-attentive difference in the neural response to sensory deviations relative to regularities and studies overall suggest that children and adolescents with autism tend to have smaller MMN. However, it remains unclear whether reduced MMN in autism is coupled to severity of specific autistic symptoms or more generally to lower level of adaptive functioning. To address these questions, the present study used electroencephalography (EEG) to assess whether auditory MMN in 59 children and adolescents with autism aged 7-14years compared to 59 typically developing children and adolescents were related to specific autistic symptoms or level in adaptive functioning. As hypothesized, the autism group had a lower MMN amplitude than controls. Smaller MMN amplitudes were specifically associated with lower adaptive functioning in the autistic subjects but not in controls while no apparent relationships were observed with autistic-like social interaction and communication problems, atypical language, rigidity, stereotypy or sensory sensitivity symptoms. Our findings indicate that a blunted response to changes in sensory input may underlie or contribute to the generalized difficulties with adapting to daily life circumstances seen in children and adolescents with autism. LAY SUMMARY: Children and adolescents on the autism spectrum have a high prevalence of impaired adaptive functioning. Neuroimaging studies have reported that children and adolescents with autism display attenuated brain activity when discriminating sensory input. However, it is unknown whether this attenuation is related to autistic symptoms and/or adaptive functioning. The present study used electroencephalogram (EEG) to show that attenuated brain response in discrimination of novel compared to repetitive sounds in children and adolescents with autism is related to their impaired adaptive functioning. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2738 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=483

Aging and autism: Do measures of autism symptoms, co-occurring mental health conditions, or quality of life differ between younger and older autistic adults? / Esra ZÄ+vralÄ+ YARAR in Autism Research, 15-8 (August 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-8 (August 2022) . - p.1482-1494 Titre : Aging and autism: Do measures of autism symptoms, co-occurring mental health conditions, or quality of life differ between younger and older autistic adults? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Esra ZÄ+vralÄ+ YARAR, Auteur ; Amanda ROESTORF, Auteur ; Debbie SPAIN, Auteur ; Patricia HOWLIN, Auteur ; Dermot BOWLER, Auteur ; Rebecca CHARLTON, Auteur ; Francesca HAPPE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1482-1494 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult  Aging  Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications/epidemiology/psychology  Autistic Disorder/complications/epidemiology/psychology  Cross-Sectional Studies  Humans  Mental Health  Quality of Life/psychology  adults  autism spectrum disorder  quality of life Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous research has indicated that autistic adults experience higher rates of co-occurring mental health difficulties and poorer quality of life (QoL) than their non-autistic peers. Little is known, however, about these aspects in older age or whether younger and older autistic adults experience similar patterns This cross-sectional study investigated potential age-related effects on autism symptoms, self-reported mental health, and QoL in younger and older autistic adults (n = 79, aged 19-71years) compared to a non-autistic control group (n = 57) matched for gender, age and IQ. Results showed that autistic adults had higher levels of self-reported autism symptoms and poorer QoL than controls. There were no significant age effects on autism symptoms or on most self-rated mental health symptoms. However, significantly more autistic adults in the younger versus older group scored above the clinical threshold for anxiety, somatoform disorders and eating disorders. Older autistic adults rated social QoL as significantly better than younger autistic adults; there was no significant age difference in the control group. Self-reported QoL was best predicted by self-ratings of severity of depressive symptoms in both groups. Further research is needed to track autism and co-occurring mental health symptomatology across the lifespan, so that service provision can be tailored accordingly. LAY SUMMARY: Young autistic adults have reported more psychological difficulties and poorer quality of life (QoL) than the general population. We investigated whether these difficulties continue into older age. Autism symptoms and mental health problems were common in autistic adults, with no difference between age groups, except for anxiety, physical and eating problems. Although QoL was poorer in both younger and older autistic compared to non-autistic adults, older autistic adults reported better social QoL than those who were younger. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2780 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=483 [article] Aging and autism: Do measures of autism symptoms, co-occurring mental health conditions, or quality of life differ between younger and older autistic adults? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Esra ZÄ+vralÄ+ YARAR, Auteur ; Amanda ROESTORF, Auteur ; Debbie SPAIN, Auteur ; Patricia HOWLIN, Auteur ; Dermot BOWLER, Auteur ; Rebecca CHARLTON, Auteur ; Francesca HAPPE, Auteur . - p.1482-1494. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-8 (August 2022) . - p.1482-1494 Mots-clés : Adult  Aging  Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications/epidemiology/psychology  Autistic Disorder/complications/epidemiology/psychology  Cross-Sectional Studies  Humans  Mental Health  Quality of Life/psychology  adults  autism spectrum disorder  quality of life Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous research has indicated that autistic adults experience higher rates of co-occurring mental health difficulties and poorer quality of life (QoL) than their non-autistic peers. Little is known, however, about these aspects in older age or whether younger and older autistic adults experience similar patterns This cross-sectional study investigated potential age-related effects on autism symptoms, self-reported mental health, and QoL in younger and older autistic adults (n = 79, aged 19-71years) compared to a non-autistic control group (n = 57) matched for gender, age and IQ. Results showed that autistic adults had higher levels of self-reported autism symptoms and poorer QoL than controls. There were no significant age effects on autism symptoms or on most self-rated mental health symptoms. However, significantly more autistic adults in the younger versus older group scored above the clinical threshold for anxiety, somatoform disorders and eating disorders. Older autistic adults rated social QoL as significantly better than younger autistic adults; there was no significant age difference in the control group. Self-reported QoL was best predicted by self-ratings of severity of depressive symptoms in both groups. Further research is needed to track autism and co-occurring mental health symptomatology across the lifespan, so that service provision can be tailored accordingly. LAY SUMMARY: Young autistic adults have reported more psychological difficulties and poorer quality of life (QoL) than the general population. We investigated whether these difficulties continue into older age. Autism symptoms and mental health problems were common in autistic adults, with no difference between age groups, except for anxiety, physical and eating problems. Although QoL was poorer in both younger and older autistic compared to non-autistic adults, older autistic adults reported better social QoL than those who were younger. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2780 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=483

Auditory perceptual learning in autistic adults / Samra ALISPAHIC in Autism Research, 15-8 (August 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-8 (August 2022) . - p.1495-1507 Titre : Auditory perceptual learning in autistic adults Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Samra ALISPAHIC, Auteur ; Elizabeth PELLICANO, Auteur ; Anne CUTLER, Auteur ; Mark ANTONIOU, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1495-1507 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult  Australia  Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications  Autistic Disorder/complications  Bayes Theorem  Child  Humans  Phonetics  Speech Perception  auditory processing  autism  language development  perceptual flexibility  perceptual learning  phonetic adaptation  speech perception Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The automatic retuning of phoneme categories to better adapt to the speech of a novel talker has been extensively documented across various (neurotypical) populations, including both adults and children. However, no studies have examined auditory perceptual learning effects in populations atypical in perceptual, social, and language processing for communication, such as populations with autism. Employing a classic lexically-guided perceptual learning paradigm, the present study investigated perceptual learning effects in Australian English autistic and non-autistic adults. The findings revealed that automatic attunement to existing phoneme categories was not activated in the autistic group in the same manner as for non-autistic control subjects. Specifically, autistic adults were able to both successfully discern lexical items and to categorize speech sounds; however, they did not show effects of perceptual retuning to talkers. These findings may have implications for the application of current sensory theories (e.g., Bayesian decision theory) to speech and language processing by autistic individuals. LAY SUMMARY: Lexically guided perceptual learning assists in the disambiguation of speech from a novel talker. The present study established that while Australian English autistic adult listeners were able to successfully discern lexical items and categorize speech sounds in their native language, perceptual flexibility in updating speaker-specific phonemic knowledge when exposed to a novel talker was not available. Implications for speech and language processing by autistic individuals as well as current sensory theories are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2778 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=483 [article] Auditory perceptual learning in autistic adults [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Samra ALISPAHIC, Auteur ; Elizabeth PELLICANO, Auteur ; Anne CUTLER, Auteur ; Mark ANTONIOU, Auteur . - p.1495-1507. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-8 (August 2022) . - p.1495-1507 Mots-clés : Adult  Australia  Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications  Autistic Disorder/complications  Bayes Theorem  Child  Humans  Phonetics  Speech Perception  auditory processing  autism  language development  perceptual flexibility  perceptual learning  phonetic adaptation  speech perception Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The automatic retuning of phoneme categories to better adapt to the speech of a novel talker has been extensively documented across various (neurotypical) populations, including both adults and children. However, no studies have examined auditory perceptual learning effects in populations atypical in perceptual, social, and language processing for communication, such as populations with autism. Employing a classic lexically-guided perceptual learning paradigm, the present study investigated perceptual learning effects in Australian English autistic and non-autistic adults. The findings revealed that automatic attunement to existing phoneme categories was not activated in the autistic group in the same manner as for non-autistic control subjects. Specifically, autistic adults were able to both successfully discern lexical items and to categorize speech sounds; however, they did not show effects of perceptual retuning to talkers. These findings may have implications for the application of current sensory theories (e.g., Bayesian decision theory) to speech and language processing by autistic individuals. LAY SUMMARY: Lexically guided perceptual learning assists in the disambiguation of speech from a novel talker. The present study established that while Australian English autistic adult listeners were able to successfully discern lexical items and categorize speech sounds in their native language, perceptual flexibility in updating speaker-specific phonemic knowledge when exposed to a novel talker was not available. Implications for speech and language processing by autistic individuals as well as current sensory theories are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2778 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=483

Facing up to others' emotions: No evidence of autism-related deficits in metacognitive awareness of emotion recognition / Neil BREWER in Autism Research, 15-8 (August 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-8 (August 2022) . - p.1508-1521 Titre : Facing up to others' emotions: No evidence of autism-related deficits in metacognitive awareness of emotion recognition Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Neil BREWER, Auteur ; Carmen A. LUCAS, Auteur ; Marie Antonia GEORGOPOULOS, Auteur ; Robyn L. YOUNG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1508-1521 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder/psychology  Cognition  Emotions/physiology  Facial Expression  Humans  Metacognition  autistic adults  confidence-accuracy calibration  emotion recognition  metacognitive awareness Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Emotion recognition difficulties are considered to contribute to social-communicative problems for autistic individuals and awareness of such difficulties may be critical for the identification and pursuit of strategies that will mitigate their adverse effects. We examined metacognitive awareness of face emotion recognition responses in autistic (N =63) and non-autistic (N =67) adults across (a) static, dynamic and social face emotion stimuli, (b) free- and forced-report response formats, and (c) four different sets of the six "basic" and six "complex" emotions. Within-individual relationships between recognition accuracy and post-recognition confidence provided no indication that autistic individuals were poorer at discriminating correct from incorrect recognition responses than non-autistic individuals, although both groups exhibited marked inter-individual variability. Although the autistic group was less accurate and slower to recognize emotions, confidence-accuracy calibration analyses provided no evidence of reduced sensitivity on their part to fluctuations in their emotion recognition performance. Across variations in stimulus type, response format and emotion, increases in accuracy were associated with progressively higher confidence, with similar calibration curves for both groups. Calibration curves for both groups were, however, characterized by overconfidence at the higher confidence levels (i.e., overall accuracy less than the average confidence level), with the non-autistic group contributing more decisions with 90%-100% confidence. Comparisons of slow and fast responders provided no evidence of a "hard-easy" effect-the tendency to exhibit overconfidence during hard tasks and underconfidence during easy tasks-suggesting that autistic individuals' slower recognition responding may reflect a strategic difference rather than a processing speed limitation. LAY SUMMARY: It is generally considered that autistic individuals may have difficulty recognizing other people's facial emotions. However, little is known about their awareness of any emotion recognition difficulties they may experience. This study indicates that, although there is considerable individual variability, autistic adults were as sensitive to variations in the accuracy of their recognition of others' emotions as their non-autistic peers. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2781 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=483 [article] Facing up to others' emotions: No evidence of autism-related deficits in metacognitive awareness of emotion recognition [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Neil BREWER, Auteur ; Carmen A. LUCAS, Auteur ; Marie Antonia GEORGOPOULOS, Auteur ; Robyn L. YOUNG, Auteur . - p.1508-1521. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-8 (August 2022) . - p.1508-1521 Mots-clés : Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder/psychology  Cognition  Emotions/physiology  Facial Expression  Humans  Metacognition  autistic adults  confidence-accuracy calibration  emotion recognition  metacognitive awareness Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Emotion recognition difficulties are considered to contribute to social-communicative problems for autistic individuals and awareness of such difficulties may be critical for the identification and pursuit of strategies that will mitigate their adverse effects. We examined metacognitive awareness of face emotion recognition responses in autistic (N =63) and non-autistic (N =67) adults across (a) static, dynamic and social face emotion stimuli, (b) free- and forced-report response formats, and (c) four different sets of the six "basic" and six "complex" emotions. Within-individual relationships between recognition accuracy and post-recognition confidence provided no indication that autistic individuals were poorer at discriminating correct from incorrect recognition responses than non-autistic individuals, although both groups exhibited marked inter-individual variability. Although the autistic group was less accurate and slower to recognize emotions, confidence-accuracy calibration analyses provided no evidence of reduced sensitivity on their part to fluctuations in their emotion recognition performance. Across variations in stimulus type, response format and emotion, increases in accuracy were associated with progressively higher confidence, with similar calibration curves for both groups. Calibration curves for both groups were, however, characterized by overconfidence at the higher confidence levels (i.e., overall accuracy less than the average confidence level), with the non-autistic group contributing more decisions with 90%-100% confidence. Comparisons of slow and fast responders provided no evidence of a "hard-easy" effect-the tendency to exhibit overconfidence during hard tasks and underconfidence during easy tasks-suggesting that autistic individuals' slower recognition responding may reflect a strategic difference rather than a processing speed limitation. LAY SUMMARY: It is generally considered that autistic individuals may have difficulty recognizing other people's facial emotions. However, little is known about their awareness of any emotion recognition difficulties they may experience. This study indicates that, although there is considerable individual variability, autistic adults were as sensitive to variations in the accuracy of their recognition of others' emotions as their non-autistic peers. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2781 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=483

Heterogeneity of social cognitive performance in autism and schizophrenia / Michal HAJDUK in Autism Research, 15-8 (August 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-8 (August 2022) . - p.1522-1534 Titre : Heterogeneity of social cognitive performance in autism and schizophrenia Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Michal HAJDUK, Auteur ; Amy E. PINKHAM, Auteur ; David L. PENN, Auteur ; Philip D. HARVEY, Auteur ; Noah J. SASSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1522-1534 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder/psychology  Autistic Disorder/psychology  Cognition  Humans  Intellectual Disability  Male  Schizophrenia/complications  Social Behavior  Social Cognition  Young Adult  autism spectrum disorders  cluster  heterogeneity  schizophrenia Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic adults and those with schizophrenia (SCZ) demonstrate similar levels of reduced social cognitive performance at the group level, but it is unclear whether these patterns are relatively consistent or highly variable within and between the two conditions. Seventy-two adults with SCZ (52 male, M(age)  = 28.2years) and 94 with diagnoses on the autism spectrum (83 male, M(age)  = 24.2years) without intellectual disability completed a comprehensive social cognitive battery. Latent profile analysis identified four homogeneous subgroups that were compared on their diagnosis, independent living skills, neurocognition, and symptomatology. Two groups showed normative performance across most social cognitive tasks but were differentiated by one having significantly higher hostility and blaming biases. Autistic participants were more likely to demonstrate fully normative performance (46.8%) than participants with SCZ, whereas normative performance in SCZ was more likely to co-occur with increased hostility and blaming biases (36.1%). Approximately 43% of participants in the full sample were classified into the remaining two groups showing low or very low performance. These participants tended to perform worse on neurocognitive tests and have lower IQ and fewer independent living skills. The prevalence of low performance on social cognitive tasks was comparable across clinical groups. However, nearly half of autistic participants demonstrated normative social cognitive performance, challenging assumptions that reduced social cognitive performance is inherent to the condition. Subgrouping also revealed a meaningful distinction between the clinical groups: participants with SCZ were more likely to demonstrate hostility biases than autistic participants, even when social cognitive performance was otherwise in the typical range. LAY SUMMARY: Social cognition refers to the perception and interpretation of social information. Previous research has shown that both autistic people and those with schizophrenia demonstrate reduced performance on traditional social cognitive tasks, which we replicate here at the group level. However, we also found that almost half of autistic participants performed in the normal range. Over a third of participants with schizophrenia did as well, but for them this performance was accompanied by a hostility bias not commonly found in the autistic sample. Taken together, findings challenge assumptions that difficulties in social cognition are a uniform characteristic of these clinical conditions in those without intellectual disability. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2730 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=483 [article] Heterogeneity of social cognitive performance in autism and schizophrenia [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Michal HAJDUK, Auteur ; Amy E. PINKHAM, Auteur ; David L. PENN, Auteur ; Philip D. HARVEY, Auteur ; Noah J. SASSON, Auteur . - p.1522-1534. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-8 (August 2022) . - p.1522-1534 Mots-clés : Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder/psychology  Autistic Disorder/psychology  Cognition  Humans  Intellectual Disability  Male  Schizophrenia/complications  Social Behavior  Social Cognition  Young Adult  autism spectrum disorders  cluster  heterogeneity  schizophrenia Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic adults and those with schizophrenia (SCZ) demonstrate similar levels of reduced social cognitive performance at the group level, but it is unclear whether these patterns are relatively consistent or highly variable within and between the two conditions. Seventy-two adults with SCZ (52 male, M(age)  = 28.2years) and 94 with diagnoses on the autism spectrum (83 male, M(age)  = 24.2years) without intellectual disability completed a comprehensive social cognitive battery. Latent profile analysis identified four homogeneous subgroups that were compared on their diagnosis, independent living skills, neurocognition, and symptomatology. Two groups showed normative performance across most social cognitive tasks but were differentiated by one having significantly higher hostility and blaming biases. Autistic participants were more likely to demonstrate fully normative performance (46.8%) than participants with SCZ, whereas normative performance in SCZ was more likely to co-occur with increased hostility and blaming biases (36.1%). Approximately 43% of participants in the full sample were classified into the remaining two groups showing low or very low performance. These participants tended to perform worse on neurocognitive tests and have lower IQ and fewer independent living skills. The prevalence of low performance on social cognitive tasks was comparable across clinical groups. However, nearly half of autistic participants demonstrated normative social cognitive performance, challenging assumptions that reduced social cognitive performance is inherent to the condition. Subgrouping also revealed a meaningful distinction between the clinical groups: participants with SCZ were more likely to demonstrate hostility biases than autistic participants, even when social cognitive performance was otherwise in the typical range. LAY SUMMARY: Social cognition refers to the perception and interpretation of social information. Previous research has shown that both autistic people and those with schizophrenia demonstrate reduced performance on traditional social cognitive tasks, which we replicate here at the group level. However, we also found that almost half of autistic participants performed in the normal range. Over a third of participants with schizophrenia did as well, but for them this performance was accompanied by a hostility bias not commonly found in the autistic sample. Taken together, findings challenge assumptions that difficulties in social cognition are a uniform characteristic of these clinical conditions in those without intellectual disability. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2730 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=483

Increased perceived stress is negatively associated with activities of daily living and subjective quality of life in younger, middle, and older autistic adults / Goldie A. MCQUAID in Autism Research, 15-8 (August 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-8 (August 2022) . - p.1535-1549 Titre : Increased perceived stress is negatively associated with activities of daily living and subjective quality of life in younger, middle, and older autistic adults Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Goldie A. MCQUAID, Auteur ; Colin H. WEISS, Auteur ; Alex Job SAID, Auteur ; Kevin A. PELPHREY, Auteur ; Nancy Raitano LEE, Auteur ; Gregory L. WALLACE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1535-1549 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Activities of Daily Living  Adult  Aged  Autism Spectrum Disorder/psychology  Autistic Disorder/psychology  Female  Humans  Infant, Newborn  Male  Quality of Life/psychology  Stress, Psychological/complications/epidemiology/psychology  adulthood  autism  perceived stress  subjective quality of life Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Few studies have examined self-reported perceived stress in autistic adults. Existing studies have included relatively small, predominantly male samples and have not included older autistic adults. Using a large autistic sample (N = 713), enriched for individuals designated female at birth (59.3%), and spanning younger, middle, and older adulthood, we examined perceived stress and its associations with independence in activities of daily living and subjective quality of life (QoL). Perceived stress for autistic adults designated male or female at birth was compared to their same birth-sex counterparts in a general population sample. In addition, within the autistic sample, effects of sex designated at birth, age, and their interaction were examined. Regression modeling examined associations between perceived stress and independence in activities of daily living and domains of subjective QoL in autistic adults, after controlling for age, sex designated at birth, and household income. Autistic adults reported significantly greater perceived stress than a general population comparison sample. Relative to autistic adults designated male at birth, those designated female at birth demonstrated significantly elevated perceived stress. Perceived stress contributed significantly to all regression models, with greater perceived stress associated with less independence in activities of daily living, and poorer subjective QoL across all domains-Physical, Psychological, Social, Environment, and Autism-related QoL. Findings are contextualized within the literature documenting that autistic individuals experience elevated underemployment and unemployment, heightened rates of adverse life events, and increased exposure to minority stress. LAY SUMMARY: This study looked at self-reported perceived stress in a large sample of autistic adults. Autistic adults reported more perceived stress than non-autistic adults. Autistic individuals designated female at birth reported higher stress than autistic individuals designated male at birth. In autistic adults, greater perceived stress is related to less independence in activities of daily living and poorer subjective quality of life. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2779 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=483 [article] Increased perceived stress is negatively associated with activities of daily living and subjective quality of life in younger, middle, and older autistic adults [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Goldie A. MCQUAID, Auteur ; Colin H. WEISS, Auteur ; Alex Job SAID, Auteur ; Kevin A. PELPHREY, Auteur ; Nancy Raitano LEE, Auteur ; Gregory L. WALLACE, Auteur . - p.1535-1549. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-8 (August 2022) . - p.1535-1549 Mots-clés : Activities of Daily Living  Adult  Aged  Autism Spectrum Disorder/psychology  Autistic Disorder/psychology  Female  Humans  Infant, Newborn  Male  Quality of Life/psychology  Stress, Psychological/complications/epidemiology/psychology  adulthood  autism  perceived stress  subjective quality of life Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Few studies have examined self-reported perceived stress in autistic adults. Existing studies have included relatively small, predominantly male samples and have not included older autistic adults. Using a large autistic sample (N = 713), enriched for individuals designated female at birth (59.3%), and spanning younger, middle, and older adulthood, we examined perceived stress and its associations with independence in activities of daily living and subjective quality of life (QoL). Perceived stress for autistic adults designated male or female at birth was compared to their same birth-sex counterparts in a general population sample. In addition, within the autistic sample, effects of sex designated at birth, age, and their interaction were examined. Regression modeling examined associations between perceived stress and independence in activities of daily living and domains of subjective QoL in autistic adults, after controlling for age, sex designated at birth, and household income. Autistic adults reported significantly greater perceived stress than a general population comparison sample. Relative to autistic adults designated male at birth, those designated female at birth demonstrated significantly elevated perceived stress. Perceived stress contributed significantly to all regression models, with greater perceived stress associated with less independence in activities of daily living, and poorer subjective QoL across all domains-Physical, Psychological, Social, Environment, and Autism-related QoL. Findings are contextualized within the literature documenting that autistic individuals experience elevated underemployment and unemployment, heightened rates of adverse life events, and increased exposure to minority stress. LAY SUMMARY: This study looked at self-reported perceived stress in a large sample of autistic adults. Autistic adults reported more perceived stress than non-autistic adults. Autistic individuals designated female at birth reported higher stress than autistic individuals designated male at birth. In autistic adults, greater perceived stress is related to less independence in activities of daily living and poorer subjective quality of life. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2779 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=483

Premature mortality in a population-based cohort of autistic adults in Canada / Yona LUNSKY in Autism Research, 15-8 (August 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-8 (August 2022) . - p.1550-1559 Titre : Premature mortality in a population-based cohort of autistic adults in Canada Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Yona LUNSKY, Auteur ; Meng-Chuan LAI, Auteur ; Robert BALOGH, Auteur ; Hannah CHUNG, Auteur ; Anna DURBIN, Auteur ; Patrick JACHYRA, Auteur ; Ami TINT, Auteur ; Jonathan WEISS, Auteur ; Elizabeth LIN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1550-1559 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder/epidemiology  Autistic Disorder/epidemiology  Child  Cohort Studies  Developmental Disabilities/epidemiology  Female  Humans  Infant, Newborn  Male  Mortality, Premature  Ontario/epidemiology  autism  developmental disabilities  premature mortality  sex differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Research from different countries suggests that autistic adults are more likely to die prematurely than non-autistic adults, but these studies do not always investigate male and female individuals separately and do not consider whether this pattern is unique to autistic people or is also an issue for people with other developmental disabilities. We examined premature mortality in autistic males and females (assigned at birth) in a population-based cohort, compared to males and females with and without other developmental disabilities. Using linked administrative health and social services population data from Ontario, Canada, age-matched males and females aged 19-65years were followed between 2010 and 2016, and causes of death were determined. Over the 6-year observation period, 330 of 42,607 persons (0.77%) in the group without developmental disabilities had died compared to 259 of 10,646 persons (2.43%) in the autism group and 419 of 10,615 persons (3.95%) in the other developmental disabilities group. Autistic males and females were more likely to die than non-autistic males (adjusted risk ratio, RR 3.13, 95%CI 2.58-3.79) and non-autistic females (adjusted RR 3.12, 95%CI 2.35-4.13) without developmental disabilities, but were less likely to die than adults with other developmental disabilities (males: adjusted RR 0.66, 95%CI 0.55-0.79; females: adjusted RR 0.55, 95%CI 0.43-0.71). Most common causes of death varied depending on a person's sex and diagnosis. Given the greater likelihood of premature mortality in adults with developmental disabilities including autism, greater attention and resources directed toward their health and social care are needed, tailored to their sex and diagnosis-informed needs. LAY SUMMARY: This study looked at how many autistic men and women died over 6years (2010-2016), along with how they died, and compared this to adults who did not have autism living in Ontario, Canada. It found that autistic men and women were more than three times as likely to die as people of the same age who did not have a developmental disability. However, adults with other developmental disabilities besides autism were even more likely to die than autistic adults. This means that we have to pay more attention and invest in better social and health care for autistic people, along with people who have other types of developmental disabilities. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2741 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=483 [article] Premature mortality in a population-based cohort of autistic adults in Canada [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Yona LUNSKY, Auteur ; Meng-Chuan LAI, Auteur ; Robert BALOGH, Auteur ; Hannah CHUNG, Auteur ; Anna DURBIN, Auteur ; Patrick JACHYRA, Auteur ; Ami TINT, Auteur ; Jonathan WEISS, Auteur ; Elizabeth LIN, Auteur . - p.1550-1559. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-8 (August 2022) . - p.1550-1559 Mots-clés : Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder/epidemiology  Autistic Disorder/epidemiology  Child  Cohort Studies  Developmental Disabilities/epidemiology  Female  Humans  Infant, Newborn  Male  Mortality, Premature  Ontario/epidemiology  autism  developmental disabilities  premature mortality  sex differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Research from different countries suggests that autistic adults are more likely to die prematurely than non-autistic adults, but these studies do not always investigate male and female individuals separately and do not consider whether this pattern is unique to autistic people or is also an issue for people with other developmental disabilities. We examined premature mortality in autistic males and females (assigned at birth) in a population-based cohort, compared to males and females with and without other developmental disabilities. Using linked administrative health and social services population data from Ontario, Canada, age-matched males and females aged 19-65years were followed between 2010 and 2016, and causes of death were determined. Over the 6-year observation period, 330 of 42,607 persons (0.77%) in the group without developmental disabilities had died compared to 259 of 10,646 persons (2.43%) in the autism group and 419 of 10,615 persons (3.95%) in the other developmental disabilities group. Autistic males and females were more likely to die than non-autistic males (adjusted risk ratio, RR 3.13, 95%CI 2.58-3.79) and non-autistic females (adjusted RR 3.12, 95%CI 2.35-4.13) without developmental disabilities, but were less likely to die than adults with other developmental disabilities (males: adjusted RR 0.66, 95%CI 0.55-0.79; females: adjusted RR 0.55, 95%CI 0.43-0.71). Most common causes of death varied depending on a person's sex and diagnosis. Given the greater likelihood of premature mortality in adults with developmental disabilities including autism, greater attention and resources directed toward their health and social care are needed, tailored to their sex and diagnosis-informed needs. LAY SUMMARY: This study looked at how many autistic men and women died over 6years (2010-2016), along with how they died, and compared this to adults who did not have autism living in Ontario, Canada. It found that autistic men and women were more than three times as likely to die as people of the same age who did not have a developmental disability. However, adults with other developmental disabilities besides autism were even more likely to die than autistic adults. This means that we have to pay more attention and invest in better social and health care for autistic people, along with people who have other types of developmental disabilities. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2741 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=483

The impact of COVID-19 on autism research: A cross-sectional analysis of discontinued or suspended clinical trials / Monika NEALE in Autism Research, 15-8 (August 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-8 (August 2022) . - p.1560-1564 Titre : The impact of COVID-19 on autism research: A cross-sectional analysis of discontinued or suspended clinical trials Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Monika NEALE, Auteur ; Elizabeth LANDERS, Auteur ; Nicholas B. SAJJADI, Auteur ; Anya MAZUR-MOSIEWICZ, Auteur ; Micah HARTWELL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1560-1564 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/epidemiology  Autistic Disorder/epidemiology  covid-19  Cross-Sectional Studies  Humans  Pandemics  Covid-19  autism  clinical trials  discontinuation  pandemic Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Due to uncertainties associated with the COVID-19 public health crisis, several clinical trials had to be withdrawn or postponed. Our investigation aimed to assess the rate of discontinuation of clinical trials focusing on Autism Spectrum Disorder. Of the 197 registered trials included in our systematic review, 15 (7.6%) were discontinued, with nearly half of these explicitly citing COVID-19 as their reason for discontinuation. Pharmacological trials were six times more likely to be discontinued during the pandemic than non-pharmacological studies. The difference between the likelihood of discontinuation was statistically significant (OR: 6.13; 95% CI: 1.22-30.71). There was no evidence of association between funding source and reasons for discontinuation. Limitations, along with implications for future trials are discussed. LAY SUMMARY: We investigated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the discontinuation rate of autism clinical trials. We found that drug trials were six times more likely to be discontinued during the pandemic compared to behavioral, diagnostic, and nutritional trials. The overall discontinuation rate was notably lower in autism clinical trials than in other areas of medical research. We recommend an examination of the methodology of the continued autism trials to assess their applicability in other fields. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2764 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=483 [article] The impact of COVID-19 on autism research: A cross-sectional analysis of discontinued or suspended clinical trials [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Monika NEALE, Auteur ; Elizabeth LANDERS, Auteur ; Nicholas B. SAJJADI, Auteur ; Anya MAZUR-MOSIEWICZ, Auteur ; Micah HARTWELL, Auteur . - p.1560-1564. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-8 (August 2022) . - p.1560-1564 Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/epidemiology  Autistic Disorder/epidemiology  covid-19  Cross-Sectional Studies  Humans  Pandemics  Covid-19  autism  clinical trials  discontinuation  pandemic Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Due to uncertainties associated with the COVID-19 public health crisis, several clinical trials had to be withdrawn or postponed. Our investigation aimed to assess the rate of discontinuation of clinical trials focusing on Autism Spectrum Disorder. Of the 197 registered trials included in our systematic review, 15 (7.6%) were discontinued, with nearly half of these explicitly citing COVID-19 as their reason for discontinuation. Pharmacological trials were six times more likely to be discontinued during the pandemic than non-pharmacological studies. The difference between the likelihood of discontinuation was statistically significant (OR: 6.13; 95% CI: 1.22-30.71). There was no evidence of association between funding source and reasons for discontinuation. Limitations, along with implications for future trials are discussed. LAY SUMMARY: We investigated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the discontinuation rate of autism clinical trials. We found that drug trials were six times more likely to be discontinued during the pandemic compared to behavioral, diagnostic, and nutritional trials. The overall discontinuation rate was notably lower in autism clinical trials than in other areas of medical research. We recommend an examination of the methodology of the continued autism trials to assess their applicability in other fields. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2764 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=483

Super responders: Predicting language gains from JASPER among limited language children with autism spectrum disorder / Jonathan L. PANGANIBAN in Autism Research, 15-8 (August 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-8 (August 2022) . - p.1565-1575 Titre : Super responders: Predicting language gains from JASPER among limited language children with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jonathan L. PANGANIBAN, Auteur ; Connie KASARI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1565-1575 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Attention/physiology  Autism Spectrum Disorder/therapy  Child  Child, Preschool  Early Intervention, Educational/methods  Humans  Language  Play and Playthings  Jasper  data-driven techniques  intervention early  intervention-behavioral  machine learning  responders  treatment research Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Early intervention can provide a great benefit for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, no single intervention is effective for all children. Even when an intervention is effective overall, individual child response varies. Some children make incredible progress, and others make slow or no progress. Therefore, it is important that the field move towards developing methods to personalize intervention. Operationalizing meaningful change and predicting intervention response are critical steps in designing systematic and personalized early intervention. The present research used improvement in expressive language to group children that received a targeted social communication early intervention, Joint Attention, Symbolic Play, Engagement, and Regulation (JASPER), into super responders and slow responders. Using baseline data from traditional standardized assessments of cognition and behavioral data from validated experimental measures of play and social communication, we used conditional inference tree models to predict responder status. From a sample of 99 preschool age, limited language children with ASD, play diversity was the most significant predictor of responder status. Children that played functionally with a wider variety of toys had increased odds of being a super responder to JASPER. A combination of lower play diversity and impairments in fine motor abilities increased the odds of children being slow responders to JASPER. Results from the present study can inform future efforts to individualize intervention and systematic approaches to augmenting treatment in real time. LAY SUMMARY: To help us answer the question of for whom an intervention works best, we examined 99 children, age three to five, who qualified as being limited spoken language communicators, and received a targeted intervention for social communication and language. We used child characteristics before intervention to predict which children would improve their language the most and found that the ability to play appropriately with a wider variety of toys predicted the best improvements in expressive language. These findings will help better inform future work to individualize intervention based on the unique needs of each child. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2727 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=483 [article] Super responders: Predicting language gains from JASPER among limited language children with autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jonathan L. PANGANIBAN, Auteur ; Connie KASARI, Auteur . - p.1565-1575. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-8 (August 2022) . - p.1565-1575 Mots-clés : Attention/physiology  Autism Spectrum Disorder/therapy  Child  Child, Preschool  Early Intervention, Educational/methods  Humans  Language  Play and Playthings  Jasper  data-driven techniques  intervention early  intervention-behavioral  machine learning  responders  treatment research Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Early intervention can provide a great benefit for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, no single intervention is effective for all children. Even when an intervention is effective overall, individual child response varies. Some children make incredible progress, and others make slow or no progress. Therefore, it is important that the field move towards developing methods to personalize intervention. Operationalizing meaningful change and predicting intervention response are critical steps in designing systematic and personalized early intervention. The present research used improvement in expressive language to group children that received a targeted social communication early intervention, Joint Attention, Symbolic Play, Engagement, and Regulation (JASPER), into super responders and slow responders. Using baseline data from traditional standardized assessments of cognition and behavioral data from validated experimental measures of play and social communication, we used conditional inference tree models to predict responder status. From a sample of 99 preschool age, limited language children with ASD, play diversity was the most significant predictor of responder status. Children that played functionally with a wider variety of toys had increased odds of being a super responder to JASPER. A combination of lower play diversity and impairments in fine motor abilities increased the odds of children being slow responders to JASPER. Results from the present study can inform future efforts to individualize intervention and systematic approaches to augmenting treatment in real time. LAY SUMMARY: To help us answer the question of for whom an intervention works best, we examined 99 children, age three to five, who qualified as being limited spoken language communicators, and received a targeted intervention for social communication and language. We used child characteristics before intervention to predict which children would improve their language the most and found that the ability to play appropriately with a wider variety of toys predicted the best improvements in expressive language. These findings will help better inform future work to individualize intervention based on the unique needs of each child. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2727 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=483