Dépouillements

Global prevalence of autism: A systematic review update / Jinan ZEIDAN in Autism Research, 15-5 (May 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-5 (May 2022) . - p.778-790 Titre : Global prevalence of autism: A systematic review update Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jinan ZEIDAN, Auteur ; Eric FOMBONNE, Auteur ; Julie SCORAH, Auteur ; Alaa IBRAHIM, Auteur ; Maureen S. DURKIN, Auteur ; Shekhar SAXENA, Auteur ; Afiqah YUSUF, Auteur ; Andy SHIH, Auteur ; Mayada ELSABBAGH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.778-790 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis  Autistic Disorder/epidemiology  Child  Ethnicity  Female  Humans  Male  Population Surveillance/methods  Prevalence  autism  methodology  risk factors  social determinants  time trends Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Prevalence estimates of autism are essential for informing public policy, raising awareness, and developing research priorities. Using a systematic review, we synthesized estimates of the prevalence of autism worldwide. We examined factors accounting for variability in estimates and critically reviewed evidence relevant for hypotheses about biological or social determinants (viz., biological sex, sociodemographic status, ethnicity/race, and nativity) potentially modifying prevalence estimates of autism. We performed the search in November 2021 within Medline for studies estimating autism prevalence, published since our last systematic review in 2012. Data were extracted by two independent researchers. Since 2012, 99 estimates from 71 studies were published indicating a global autism prevalence that ranges within and across regions, with a median prevalence of 100/10,000 (range: 1.09/10,000 to 436.0/10,000). The median male-to-female ratio was 4.2. The median percentage of autism cases with co-occurring intellectual disability was 33.0%. Estimates varied, likely reflecting complex and dynamic interactions between patterns of community awareness, service capacity, help seeking, and sociodemographic factors. A limitation of this review is that synthesizing methodological features precludes a quality appraisal of studies. Our findings reveal an increase in measured autism prevalence globally, reflecting the combined effects of multiple factors including the increase in community awareness and public health response globally, progress in case identification and definition, and an increase in community capacity. Hypotheses linking factors that increase the likelihood of developing autism with variations in prevalence will require research with large, representative samples and comparable autism diagnostic criteria and case-finding methods in diverse world regions over time. LAY SUMMARY: We reviewed studies of the prevalence of autism worldwide, considering the impact of geographic, ethnic, and socioeconomic factors on prevalence estimates. Approximately 1/100 children are diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder around the world. Prevalence estimates increased over time and varied greatly within and across sociodemographic groups. These findings reflect changes in the definition of autism and differences in the methodology and contexts of prevalence studies. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2696 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473 [article] Global prevalence of autism: A systematic review update [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jinan ZEIDAN, Auteur ; Eric FOMBONNE, Auteur ; Julie SCORAH, Auteur ; Alaa IBRAHIM, Auteur ; Maureen S. DURKIN, Auteur ; Shekhar SAXENA, Auteur ; Afiqah YUSUF, Auteur ; Andy SHIH, Auteur ; Mayada ELSABBAGH, Auteur . - p.778-790. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-5 (May 2022) . - p.778-790 Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis  Autistic Disorder/epidemiology  Child  Ethnicity  Female  Humans  Male  Population Surveillance/methods  Prevalence  autism  methodology  risk factors  social determinants  time trends Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Prevalence estimates of autism are essential for informing public policy, raising awareness, and developing research priorities. Using a systematic review, we synthesized estimates of the prevalence of autism worldwide. We examined factors accounting for variability in estimates and critically reviewed evidence relevant for hypotheses about biological or social determinants (viz., biological sex, sociodemographic status, ethnicity/race, and nativity) potentially modifying prevalence estimates of autism. We performed the search in November 2021 within Medline for studies estimating autism prevalence, published since our last systematic review in 2012. Data were extracted by two independent researchers. Since 2012, 99 estimates from 71 studies were published indicating a global autism prevalence that ranges within and across regions, with a median prevalence of 100/10,000 (range: 1.09/10,000 to 436.0/10,000). The median male-to-female ratio was 4.2. The median percentage of autism cases with co-occurring intellectual disability was 33.0%. Estimates varied, likely reflecting complex and dynamic interactions between patterns of community awareness, service capacity, help seeking, and sociodemographic factors. A limitation of this review is that synthesizing methodological features precludes a quality appraisal of studies. Our findings reveal an increase in measured autism prevalence globally, reflecting the combined effects of multiple factors including the increase in community awareness and public health response globally, progress in case identification and definition, and an increase in community capacity. Hypotheses linking factors that increase the likelihood of developing autism with variations in prevalence will require research with large, representative samples and comparable autism diagnostic criteria and case-finding methods in diverse world regions over time. LAY SUMMARY: We reviewed studies of the prevalence of autism worldwide, considering the impact of geographic, ethnic, and socioeconomic factors on prevalence estimates. Approximately 1/100 children are diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder around the world. Prevalence estimates increased over time and varied greatly within and across sociodemographic groups. These findings reflect changes in the definition of autism and differences in the methodology and contexts of prevalence studies. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2696 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473

Cerebellar demyelination and neurodegeneration associated with mTORC1 hyperactivity may contribute to the developmental onset of autism-like neurobehavioral phenotype in a rat model / Viera KUTNA in Autism Research, 15-5 (May 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-5 (May 2022) . - p.791-805 Titre : Cerebellar demyelination and neurodegeneration associated with mTORC1 hyperactivity may contribute to the developmental onset of autism-like neurobehavioral phenotype in a rat model Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Viera KUTNA, Auteur ; Valerie BRID O'LEARY, Auteur ; Cyril HOSCHL, Auteur ; Saak V. OVSEPIAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.791-805 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Animals  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder  Cerebellum/metabolism  Demyelinating Diseases/complications/metabolism  Epilepsy/complications  Humans  Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1/genetics/metabolism  Phenotype  Rats  Tuberous Sclerosis  Purkinje neurons  cerebellum  demyelination  mTORC1 signaling  microglia activation  synaptophysin Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The cerebellum hosts more than half of all neurons of the human brain, with their organized activity playing a key role in coordinating motor functions. Cerebellar activity has also been implicated in the control of speech, communication, and social behavior, which are compromised in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Despite major research advances, there is a shortage of mechanistic data relating cellular and molecular changes in the cerebellum to autistic behavior. We studied the impact of tuberous sclerosis complex 2 haploinsufficiency (Tsc2+/-) with downstream mTORC1 hyperactivity on cerebellar morphology and cellular organization in 1, 9, and 18?m.o. Eker rats, to determine possible structural correlates of an autism-like behavioural phenotype in this model. We report a greater developmental expansion of the cerebellar vermis, owing to enlarged white matter and thickened molecular layer. Histochemical and immunofluorescence data suggest age-related demyelination of central tract of the vermis, as evident from reduced level of myelin-basic protein in the arbora vitae. We also observed a higher number of astrocytes in Tsc2+/- rats of older age while the number of Purkinje cells (PCs) in these animals was lower than in wild-type controls. Unlike astrocytes and PCs, Bergmann glia remained unaltered at all ages in both genotypes, while the number of microglia was higher in Tsc2+/- rats of older age. The convergent evidence for a variety of age-dependent cellular changes in the cerebellum of rats associated with mTORC1 hyperactivity, thus, predicts an array of functional impairments, which may contribute to the developmental onset of an autism-like behavioral phenotype in this model. LAY SUMMARY: This study elucidates the impact of constitutive mTORC1 hyperactivity on cerebellar morphology and cellular organization in a rat model of autism and epilepsy. It describes age-dependent degeneration of Purkinje neurons, with demyelination of central tract as well as activation of microglia, and discusses the implications of these changes for neuro-behavioral phenotypes. The described changes provide new indications for the putative mechanisms underlying cerebellar impairments with their age-related onset, which may contribute to the pathobiology of autism, epilepsy, and related disorders. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2688 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473 [article] Cerebellar demyelination and neurodegeneration associated with mTORC1 hyperactivity may contribute to the developmental onset of autism-like neurobehavioral phenotype in a rat model [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Viera KUTNA, Auteur ; Valerie BRID O'LEARY, Auteur ; Cyril HOSCHL, Auteur ; Saak V. OVSEPIAN, Auteur . - p.791-805. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-5 (May 2022) . - p.791-805 Mots-clés : Animals  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder  Cerebellum/metabolism  Demyelinating Diseases/complications/metabolism  Epilepsy/complications  Humans  Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1/genetics/metabolism  Phenotype  Rats  Tuberous Sclerosis  Purkinje neurons  cerebellum  demyelination  mTORC1 signaling  microglia activation  synaptophysin Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The cerebellum hosts more than half of all neurons of the human brain, with their organized activity playing a key role in coordinating motor functions. Cerebellar activity has also been implicated in the control of speech, communication, and social behavior, which are compromised in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Despite major research advances, there is a shortage of mechanistic data relating cellular and molecular changes in the cerebellum to autistic behavior. We studied the impact of tuberous sclerosis complex 2 haploinsufficiency (Tsc2+/-) with downstream mTORC1 hyperactivity on cerebellar morphology and cellular organization in 1, 9, and 18?m.o. Eker rats, to determine possible structural correlates of an autism-like behavioural phenotype in this model. We report a greater developmental expansion of the cerebellar vermis, owing to enlarged white matter and thickened molecular layer. Histochemical and immunofluorescence data suggest age-related demyelination of central tract of the vermis, as evident from reduced level of myelin-basic protein in the arbora vitae. We also observed a higher number of astrocytes in Tsc2+/- rats of older age while the number of Purkinje cells (PCs) in these animals was lower than in wild-type controls. Unlike astrocytes and PCs, Bergmann glia remained unaltered at all ages in both genotypes, while the number of microglia was higher in Tsc2+/- rats of older age. The convergent evidence for a variety of age-dependent cellular changes in the cerebellum of rats associated with mTORC1 hyperactivity, thus, predicts an array of functional impairments, which may contribute to the developmental onset of an autism-like behavioral phenotype in this model. LAY SUMMARY: This study elucidates the impact of constitutive mTORC1 hyperactivity on cerebellar morphology and cellular organization in a rat model of autism and epilepsy. It describes age-dependent degeneration of Purkinje neurons, with demyelination of central tract as well as activation of microglia, and discusses the implications of these changes for neuro-behavioral phenotypes. The described changes provide new indications for the putative mechanisms underlying cerebellar impairments with their age-related onset, which may contribute to the pathobiology of autism, epilepsy, and related disorders. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2688 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473

Postweaning positive modulation of ?5GABAA receptors improves autism-like features in prenatal valproate rat model in a sex-specific manner / Anja SANTRAC in Autism Research, 15-5 (May 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-5 (May 2022) . - p.806-820 Titre : Postweaning positive modulation of ?5GABAA receptors improves autism-like features in prenatal valproate rat model in a sex-specific manner Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Anja SANTRAC, Auteur ; Dunja BIJELIC, Auteur ; Vladimir STEVANOVI?, Auteur ; Marija BANI?EVI?, Auteur ; Jovana ARAN?ELOVI?, Auteur ; Bojan BATINI?, Auteur ; Dishary SHARMIN, Auteur ; James M. COOK, Auteur ; Miroslav M. SAVI?, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.806-820 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Animals  Autism Spectrum Disorder/chemically induced/drug therapy  Autistic Disorder  Behavior, Animal/physiology  Calcium/metabolism/pharmacology  Disease Models, Animal  Female  Male  Pregnancy  Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects  Rats  Rats, Wistar  Receptors, GABA-A/metabolism  Social Behavior  Valproic Acid/pharmacology  gamma-Aminobutyric Acid  Kcc2  Nkcc1  autism spectrum disorder  neuron maturity  valproic acid animal model  ?5GABAA receptor Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), as a common neurodevelopmental disorder that encompasses impairments in social communication and interaction, as well as repetitive and restrictive behavior, still awaits an effective treatment strategy. The involvement of GABAergic neurotransmission, and especially a deficit of GABA(A) receptors that contain the ?5 subunits, were implicated in pathogenesis of ASD. Therefore, we tested MP-III-022, a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) selective for ?5GABAA receptors, in Wistar rats prenatally exposed to valproic acid, as an animal model useful for studying ASD. Postweaning rats of both sexes were treated for 7?days with vehicle or MP-III-022 at two doses pharmacokinetically determined as selective, and thereafter tested in a behavioral battery (social interaction test, elevated plus maze, spontaneous locomotor activity, and standard and reverse Morris water maze). Additional rats were used for establishing a primary neuronal culture and performing calcium imaging, and determination of hippocampal mRNA levels of GABRA5, NKCC1, and KCC2. MP-III-022 prevented impairments in many parameters connected with social, repetitive and restrictive behavioral domains. The lower and higher dose was more effective in males and females, respectively. Intriguingly, MP-III-022 elicited certain changes in control animals similar to those manifested in valproate animals themselves. Behavioral results were mirrored in GABA switch and spontaneous neuronal activity, assessed with calcium imaging, and also in expression changes of three genes analyzed. Our data support a role of ?5GABAA receptors in pathophysiology of ASD, and suggest a potential application of selective PAMs in its treatment, that needs to be researched in a sex-specific manner. LAY SUMMARY: In rats prenatally exposed to valproate as a model of autism, a modulator of ?5GABAA receptors ameliorated social, repetitive and restrictive impairments, and, intriguingly, elicited certain autism-like changes in control rats. Behavioral results were mirrored in GABA switch and spontaneous neuronal activity, and partly in gene expression changes. This shows a role of ?5GABAA receptors in pathophysiology of ASD, and a potential application of their selective modulators in its treatment. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2699 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473 [article] Postweaning positive modulation of ?5GABAA receptors improves autism-like features in prenatal valproate rat model in a sex-specific manner [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Anja SANTRAC, Auteur ; Dunja BIJELIC, Auteur ; Vladimir STEVANOVI?, Auteur ; Marija BANI?EVI?, Auteur ; Jovana ARAN?ELOVI?, Auteur ; Bojan BATINI?, Auteur ; Dishary SHARMIN, Auteur ; James M. COOK, Auteur ; Miroslav M. SAVI?, Auteur . - p.806-820. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-5 (May 2022) . - p.806-820 Mots-clés : Animals  Autism Spectrum Disorder/chemically induced/drug therapy  Autistic Disorder  Behavior, Animal/physiology  Calcium/metabolism/pharmacology  Disease Models, Animal  Female  Male  Pregnancy  Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects  Rats  Rats, Wistar  Receptors, GABA-A/metabolism  Social Behavior  Valproic Acid/pharmacology  gamma-Aminobutyric Acid  Kcc2  Nkcc1  autism spectrum disorder  neuron maturity  valproic acid animal model  ?5GABAA receptor Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), as a common neurodevelopmental disorder that encompasses impairments in social communication and interaction, as well as repetitive and restrictive behavior, still awaits an effective treatment strategy. The involvement of GABAergic neurotransmission, and especially a deficit of GABA(A) receptors that contain the ?5 subunits, were implicated in pathogenesis of ASD. Therefore, we tested MP-III-022, a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) selective for ?5GABAA receptors, in Wistar rats prenatally exposed to valproic acid, as an animal model useful for studying ASD. Postweaning rats of both sexes were treated for 7?days with vehicle or MP-III-022 at two doses pharmacokinetically determined as selective, and thereafter tested in a behavioral battery (social interaction test, elevated plus maze, spontaneous locomotor activity, and standard and reverse Morris water maze). Additional rats were used for establishing a primary neuronal culture and performing calcium imaging, and determination of hippocampal mRNA levels of GABRA5, NKCC1, and KCC2. MP-III-022 prevented impairments in many parameters connected with social, repetitive and restrictive behavioral domains. The lower and higher dose was more effective in males and females, respectively. Intriguingly, MP-III-022 elicited certain changes in control animals similar to those manifested in valproate animals themselves. Behavioral results were mirrored in GABA switch and spontaneous neuronal activity, assessed with calcium imaging, and also in expression changes of three genes analyzed. Our data support a role of ?5GABAA receptors in pathophysiology of ASD, and suggest a potential application of selective PAMs in its treatment, that needs to be researched in a sex-specific manner. LAY SUMMARY: In rats prenatally exposed to valproate as a model of autism, a modulator of ?5GABAA receptors ameliorated social, repetitive and restrictive impairments, and, intriguingly, elicited certain autism-like changes in control rats. Behavioral results were mirrored in GABA switch and spontaneous neuronal activity, and partly in gene expression changes. This shows a role of ?5GABAA receptors in pathophysiology of ASD, and a potential application of their selective modulators in its treatment. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2699 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473

Gait as a quantitative translational outcome measure in Angelman syndrome / Stela P. PETKOVA in Autism Research, 15-5 (May 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-5 (May 2022) . - p.821-833 Titre : Gait as a quantitative translational outcome measure in Angelman syndrome Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Stela P. PETKOVA, Auteur ; Anna ADHIKARI, Auteur ; Elizabeth L. BERG, Auteur ; Timothy A. FENTON, Auteur ; Jessica DUIS, Auteur ; Jill L. SILVERMAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.821-833 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Angelman Syndrome/genetics  Animals  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Disease Models, Animal  Gait/physiology  Humans  Mice  Movement Disorders  Muscle Hypotonia  Outcome Assessment, Health Care  Angelman syndrome  animal models  autism  behavior  gait  genetics  longitudinal  motor  mouse models  neurodevelopment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Angelman syndrome (AS) is a genetic neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by developmental delay, lack of speech, seizures, intellectual disability, hypotonia, and motor coordination deficits. Motor abilities are an important outcome measure in AS as they comprise a broad repertoire of metrics including ataxia, hypotonia, delayed ambulation, crouched gait, and poor posture, and motor dysfunction affects nearly every individual with AS. Guided by collaborative work with AS clinicians studying gait, the goal of this study was to perform an in-depth gait analysis using the automated treadmill assay, DigiGait. Our hypothesis is that gait presents a strong opportunity for a reliable, quantitative, and translational metric that can serve to evaluate novel pharmacological, dietary, and genetic therapies. In this study, we used an automated gait analysis system, in addition to standard motor behavioral assays, to evaluate components of motor, exploration, coordination, balance, and gait impairments across the lifespan in an AS mouse model. Our study demonstrated marked global motoric deficits in AS mice, corroborating previous reports. Uniquely, this is the first report of nuanced aberrations in quantitative spatial and temporal components of gait in AS mice compared to sex- and age-matched wildtype littermates followed longitudinally using metrics that are analogous in AS individuals. Our findings contribute evidence toward the use of nuanced motor outcomes (i.e., gait) as valuable and translationally powerful metrics for therapeutic development for AS, as well as other genetic neurodevelopmental syndromes. LAY SUMMARY: Movement disorders affect nearly every individual with Angelman Syndrome (AS). The most common motor problems include spasticity, ataxia of gait (observed in the majority of ambulatory individuals), tremor, and muscle weakness. This report focused on quantifying various spatial and temporal aspects of gait as a reliable, translatable outcome measure in a preclinical AS model longitudinally across development. By increasing the number of translational, reliable, functional outcome measures in our wheelhouse, we will create more opportunities for identifying and advancing successful medical interventions. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2697 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473 [article] Gait as a quantitative translational outcome measure in Angelman syndrome [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Stela P. PETKOVA, Auteur ; Anna ADHIKARI, Auteur ; Elizabeth L. BERG, Auteur ; Timothy A. FENTON, Auteur ; Jessica DUIS, Auteur ; Jill L. SILVERMAN, Auteur . - p.821-833. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-5 (May 2022) . - p.821-833 Mots-clés : Angelman Syndrome/genetics  Animals  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Disease Models, Animal  Gait/physiology  Humans  Mice  Movement Disorders  Muscle Hypotonia  Outcome Assessment, Health Care  Angelman syndrome  animal models  autism  behavior  gait  genetics  longitudinal  motor  mouse models  neurodevelopment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Angelman syndrome (AS) is a genetic neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by developmental delay, lack of speech, seizures, intellectual disability, hypotonia, and motor coordination deficits. Motor abilities are an important outcome measure in AS as they comprise a broad repertoire of metrics including ataxia, hypotonia, delayed ambulation, crouched gait, and poor posture, and motor dysfunction affects nearly every individual with AS. Guided by collaborative work with AS clinicians studying gait, the goal of this study was to perform an in-depth gait analysis using the automated treadmill assay, DigiGait. Our hypothesis is that gait presents a strong opportunity for a reliable, quantitative, and translational metric that can serve to evaluate novel pharmacological, dietary, and genetic therapies. In this study, we used an automated gait analysis system, in addition to standard motor behavioral assays, to evaluate components of motor, exploration, coordination, balance, and gait impairments across the lifespan in an AS mouse model. Our study demonstrated marked global motoric deficits in AS mice, corroborating previous reports. Uniquely, this is the first report of nuanced aberrations in quantitative spatial and temporal components of gait in AS mice compared to sex- and age-matched wildtype littermates followed longitudinally using metrics that are analogous in AS individuals. Our findings contribute evidence toward the use of nuanced motor outcomes (i.e., gait) as valuable and translationally powerful metrics for therapeutic development for AS, as well as other genetic neurodevelopmental syndromes. LAY SUMMARY: Movement disorders affect nearly every individual with Angelman Syndrome (AS). The most common motor problems include spasticity, ataxia of gait (observed in the majority of ambulatory individuals), tremor, and muscle weakness. This report focused on quantifying various spatial and temporal aspects of gait as a reliable, translatable outcome measure in a preclinical AS model longitudinally across development. By increasing the number of translational, reliable, functional outcome measures in our wheelhouse, we will create more opportunities for identifying and advancing successful medical interventions. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2697 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473

Inter-trial theta phase consistency during face processing in infants is associated with later emerging autism / Stefon VAN NOORDT in Autism Research, 15-5 (May 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-5 (May 2022) . - p.834-846 Titre : Inter-trial theta phase consistency during face processing in infants is associated with later emerging autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Stefon VAN NOORDT, Auteur ; James A. DESJARDINS, Auteur ; THE BASIS TEAM, Auteur ; Mayada ELSABBAGH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.834-846 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis  Autistic Disorder  Brain  Child  Facial Recognition  Humans  Infant  Siblings  autism  faces  infants  risk  theta coherence Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A growing body of research suggests that consistency in cortical activity may be a promising neurophysiological marker of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In the current study we examined inter-trial coherence, a measure of phase consistency across trials, in the theta range (t-ITC: 3-6 Hz), as theta has been implicated in the processing of social and emotional stimuli in infants and adults. The sample included infants who had an older sibling with a confirmed ASD diagnosis and typically developing (TD) infants with no family history of ASD. The data were collected as part of the British Autism Study of Infant Siblings (BASIS) study. Infants between 6 and 10 months of age (M(age) =7.34, SD(age) =1.21) performed a visual face processing task that included faces and scrambled, "face noise", stimuli. Follow-up assessments in higher likelihood infants were completed at 24 and again at 36 months to determine diagnostic outcomes. Analysis focused on posterior t-ITC during early (0-200 ms) and late (200-500 ms) visual processing stages commonly investigated in infant studies. t-ITC over posterior scalp regions during late stage face processing was significantly higher in TD and higher likelihood infants without ASD (HRA-), indicating reduced consistency in theta-band responses in higher likelihood infants who eventually receive a diagnosis of ASD (HRA+). These findings indicate that the temporal dynamics of theta during face processing relate to ASD outcomes. Reduced consistency of oscillatory dynamics at basic levels of infant sensory processing could have downstream effects on learning and social communication. LAY SUMMARY: We examined the consistency in brain responses to faces in infants at lower or higher familial likelihood for autism. Our results show that the consistency of EEG responses was lower during face processing in higher likelihood infants who eventually received a diagnosis of autism. These findings highlight that reduced consistency in brain activity during face processing in the first year of life is related to emerging autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2701 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473 [article] Inter-trial theta phase consistency during face processing in infants is associated with later emerging autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Stefon VAN NOORDT, Auteur ; James A. DESJARDINS, Auteur ; THE BASIS TEAM, Auteur ; Mayada ELSABBAGH, Auteur . - p.834-846. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-5 (May 2022) . - p.834-846 Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis  Autistic Disorder  Brain  Child  Facial Recognition  Humans  Infant  Siblings  autism  faces  infants  risk  theta coherence Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A growing body of research suggests that consistency in cortical activity may be a promising neurophysiological marker of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In the current study we examined inter-trial coherence, a measure of phase consistency across trials, in the theta range (t-ITC: 3-6 Hz), as theta has been implicated in the processing of social and emotional stimuli in infants and adults. The sample included infants who had an older sibling with a confirmed ASD diagnosis and typically developing (TD) infants with no family history of ASD. The data were collected as part of the British Autism Study of Infant Siblings (BASIS) study. Infants between 6 and 10 months of age (M(age) =7.34, SD(age) =1.21) performed a visual face processing task that included faces and scrambled, "face noise", stimuli. Follow-up assessments in higher likelihood infants were completed at 24 and again at 36 months to determine diagnostic outcomes. Analysis focused on posterior t-ITC during early (0-200 ms) and late (200-500 ms) visual processing stages commonly investigated in infant studies. t-ITC over posterior scalp regions during late stage face processing was significantly higher in TD and higher likelihood infants without ASD (HRA-), indicating reduced consistency in theta-band responses in higher likelihood infants who eventually receive a diagnosis of ASD (HRA+). These findings indicate that the temporal dynamics of theta during face processing relate to ASD outcomes. Reduced consistency of oscillatory dynamics at basic levels of infant sensory processing could have downstream effects on learning and social communication. LAY SUMMARY: We examined the consistency in brain responses to faces in infants at lower or higher familial likelihood for autism. Our results show that the consistency of EEG responses was lower during face processing in higher likelihood infants who eventually received a diagnosis of autism. These findings highlight that reduced consistency in brain activity during face processing in the first year of life is related to emerging autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2701 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473

Attribution of intentions in autism spectrum disorder: A study of event-related potentials / João Miguel FERNANDES in Autism Research, 15-5 (May 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-5 (May 2022) . - p.847-860 Titre : Attribution of intentions in autism spectrum disorder: A study of event-related potentials Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : João Miguel FERNANDES, Auteur ; Sara SOARES, Auteur ; Ricardo LOPES, Auteur ; Rita JERÓNIMO, Auteur ; J. Bernardo BARAHONA-CORREA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.847-860 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder  Evoked Potentials/physiology  Female  Humans  Intention  Male  Social Perception  attribution of intentions  autism spectrum disorders  event related potentials  social cognition & theory of mind Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by social cognition deficits, including difficulties inferring the intentions of others. Although deficits in attribution of intentions (AI) have been consistently replicated in ASD, their exact nature remains unexplored. Here we registered the electrophysiological correlates of a nonverbal social cognition task to investigate AI in autistic adults. Twenty-one male autistic adults and 30 male neurotypical volunteers performed a comic strips task depicting either intentional action (AI) or physical causality with or without human characters, while their electroencephalographic signal was recorded. Compared to neurotypical volunteers, autistic participants were significantly less accurate in correctly identifying congruence in the AI condition, but not in the physical causality conditions. In the AI condition a bilateral posterior positive event-related potential (ERP) occurred 200-400?ms post-stimulus (the ERP intention effect) in both groups. This waveform comprised a P200 and a P300 component, with the P200 component being larger for the AI condition in neurotypical volunteers but not in autistic individuals, who also showed a longer latency for this waveform. Group differences in amplitude of the ERP intention effect only became evident when we compared autistic participants to a subgroup of similarly performing neurotypical participants, suggesting that the atypical ERP waveform in ASD is an effect of group, rather than a marker of low-task performance. Together, these results suggest that the lower accuracy of the ASD group in the AI task may result from impaired early attentional processing and contextual integration of socially relevant cues. LAY SUMMARY: To understand why autistic people have difficulties in inferring others' intentions, we asked participants to judge the congruence of the endings of comic strips depicting either intentional actions (e.g., fetching a chair to reach for something) or situations solely following physical rules (e.g., an apple falling on someone's head), while their electrical brain activity was recorded. Autistic individuals had more difficulties in inferring intentions than neurotypical controls, which may reflect impaired attention and contextual integration of social cues. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2702 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473 [article] Attribution of intentions in autism spectrum disorder: A study of event-related potentials [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / João Miguel FERNANDES, Auteur ; Sara SOARES, Auteur ; Ricardo LOPES, Auteur ; Rita JERÓNIMO, Auteur ; J. Bernardo BARAHONA-CORREA, Auteur . - p.847-860. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-5 (May 2022) . - p.847-860 Mots-clés : Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder  Evoked Potentials/physiology  Female  Humans  Intention  Male  Social Perception  attribution of intentions  autism spectrum disorders  event related potentials  social cognition & theory of mind Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by social cognition deficits, including difficulties inferring the intentions of others. Although deficits in attribution of intentions (AI) have been consistently replicated in ASD, their exact nature remains unexplored. Here we registered the electrophysiological correlates of a nonverbal social cognition task to investigate AI in autistic adults. Twenty-one male autistic adults and 30 male neurotypical volunteers performed a comic strips task depicting either intentional action (AI) or physical causality with or without human characters, while their electroencephalographic signal was recorded. Compared to neurotypical volunteers, autistic participants were significantly less accurate in correctly identifying congruence in the AI condition, but not in the physical causality conditions. In the AI condition a bilateral posterior positive event-related potential (ERP) occurred 200-400?ms post-stimulus (the ERP intention effect) in both groups. This waveform comprised a P200 and a P300 component, with the P200 component being larger for the AI condition in neurotypical volunteers but not in autistic individuals, who also showed a longer latency for this waveform. Group differences in amplitude of the ERP intention effect only became evident when we compared autistic participants to a subgroup of similarly performing neurotypical participants, suggesting that the atypical ERP waveform in ASD is an effect of group, rather than a marker of low-task performance. Together, these results suggest that the lower accuracy of the ASD group in the AI task may result from impaired early attentional processing and contextual integration of socially relevant cues. LAY SUMMARY: To understand why autistic people have difficulties in inferring others' intentions, we asked participants to judge the congruence of the endings of comic strips depicting either intentional actions (e.g., fetching a chair to reach for something) or situations solely following physical rules (e.g., an apple falling on someone's head), while their electrical brain activity was recorded. Autistic individuals had more difficulties in inferring intentions than neurotypical controls, which may reflect impaired attention and contextual integration of social cues. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2702 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473

Subdomains of restricted and repetitive behaviors within autism: Exploratory structural equation modeling using the diagnostic interview for social and communication disorders / Mirko ULJAREVIC in Autism Research, 15-5 (May 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-5 (May 2022) . - p.861-869 Titre : Subdomains of restricted and repetitive behaviors within autism: Exploratory structural equation modeling using the diagnostic interview for social and communication disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Mirko ULJAREVIC, Auteur ; Sarah J. CARRINGTON, Auteur ; Antonio Y. HARDAN, Auteur ; Susan R. LEEKAM, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.861-869 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis  Autistic Disorder/diagnosis  Child  Communication Disorders/diagnosis  Female  Humans  Intellectual Disability  Latent Class Analysis  Male  Stereotyped Behavior  circumscribed interests  diagnostic interview for social and communication disorders  factor analysis  insistence on sameness  repetitive behaviors  sensory sensitivity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The current study aimed to explore the factor structure of a broad range of restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRB) within the autism spectrum. Exploratory structural equation modeling was conducted using individual item-level data from the Diagnostic Interview for Social and Communication Disorders (DISCO). DISCO is a comprehensive semi-structured interview used by clinicians to elicit information from caregivers about the individual's profile of development and behavior. Data from a sample of 226 individuals with a clinical diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (189 males; M(age) = 11.82?years, SD(age) = 7.87) were analyzed. The six-factor structure provided the most optimal and interpretable fit (comparative fit index = 0.944, Tucker-Lewis index = 0.923, root mean square error of approximation = 0.018). Derived factors were interpreted as repetitive motor behaviors (RMB), unusual sensory and object focused interests (USOI), sensory sensitivity (SS), insistence on sameness (IS), circumscribed interests (CI) and stereotyped language (SL). Age was significantly negatively associated with RMB, USOI and SL but not with SS, IS or CI factor scores. None of the factors were associated with sex. ASD individuals with intellectual disability (ID) had the highest RMB, USOI, SS and SL scores while those without ID had the highest IS and CI scores. Our findings provide preliminary evidence for the utility of the DISCO as a comprehensive measure of several distinct RRB domains in both research and clinical contexts. Importantly, the current investigation highlights crucial areas for measurement development. LAY SUMMARY: The diagnostic Interview for Social and Communication Disorders (DISCO) is a detailed caregiver report clinical interview designed to capture a wide range of key features associated with autism spectrum disorder, including restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRB). This paper provides initial evidence that the DISCO is a promising measure for assessing a wide range of RRB including repetitive motor behaviors, insistence on sameness, circumscribed interests, unusual interests in sensory stimuli, sensory sensitivity and stereotypic language. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2687 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473 [article] Subdomains of restricted and repetitive behaviors within autism: Exploratory structural equation modeling using the diagnostic interview for social and communication disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Mirko ULJAREVIC, Auteur ; Sarah J. CARRINGTON, Auteur ; Antonio Y. HARDAN, Auteur ; Susan R. LEEKAM, Auteur . - p.861-869. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-5 (May 2022) . - p.861-869 Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis  Autistic Disorder/diagnosis  Child  Communication Disorders/diagnosis  Female  Humans  Intellectual Disability  Latent Class Analysis  Male  Stereotyped Behavior  circumscribed interests  diagnostic interview for social and communication disorders  factor analysis  insistence on sameness  repetitive behaviors  sensory sensitivity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The current study aimed to explore the factor structure of a broad range of restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRB) within the autism spectrum. Exploratory structural equation modeling was conducted using individual item-level data from the Diagnostic Interview for Social and Communication Disorders (DISCO). DISCO is a comprehensive semi-structured interview used by clinicians to elicit information from caregivers about the individual's profile of development and behavior. Data from a sample of 226 individuals with a clinical diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (189 males; M(age) = 11.82?years, SD(age) = 7.87) were analyzed. The six-factor structure provided the most optimal and interpretable fit (comparative fit index = 0.944, Tucker-Lewis index = 0.923, root mean square error of approximation = 0.018). Derived factors were interpreted as repetitive motor behaviors (RMB), unusual sensory and object focused interests (USOI), sensory sensitivity (SS), insistence on sameness (IS), circumscribed interests (CI) and stereotyped language (SL). Age was significantly negatively associated with RMB, USOI and SL but not with SS, IS or CI factor scores. None of the factors were associated with sex. ASD individuals with intellectual disability (ID) had the highest RMB, USOI, SS and SL scores while those without ID had the highest IS and CI scores. Our findings provide preliminary evidence for the utility of the DISCO as a comprehensive measure of several distinct RRB domains in both research and clinical contexts. Importantly, the current investigation highlights crucial areas for measurement development. LAY SUMMARY: The diagnostic Interview for Social and Communication Disorders (DISCO) is a detailed caregiver report clinical interview designed to capture a wide range of key features associated with autism spectrum disorder, including restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRB). This paper provides initial evidence that the DISCO is a promising measure for assessing a wide range of RRB including repetitive motor behaviors, insistence on sameness, circumscribed interests, unusual interests in sensory stimuli, sensory sensitivity and stereotypic language. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2687 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473

Memory for facial expressions on the autism spectrum: The influence of gaze direction and type of expression / Sylwia MACINSKA in Autism Research, 15-5 (May 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-5 (May 2022) . - p.870-880 Titre : Memory for facial expressions on the autism spectrum: The influence of gaze direction and type of expression Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sylwia MACINSKA, Auteur ; Tjeerd JELLEMA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.870-880 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications/psychology  Autistic Disorder/psychology  Emotions  Facial Expression  Happiness  Humans  autistic-like traits  facial expressions  gaze direction  high-functioning autism  memory  social perception Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Face memory research in autism has largely neglected memory for facial expressions, in favor of memory for identity. This study in three experiments examined the role of gaze direction and type of expression on memory for facial expressions in relation to the autism spectrum. In the learning phase, four combinations of facial expressions (joy/anger) and gaze direction (toward/away), displayed by 16 different identities, were presented. In a subsequent surprise test the same identities were presented displaying neutral expressions, and the expression of each identity had to be recalled. In Experiment 1, typically-developed (TD) individuals with low and high Autism Quotient (AQ) scores were tested with three repetitions of each emotion/gaze combination, which did not produce any modulations. In Experiment 2, another group of TD individuals with low and high AQ scores were tested with eight repetitions, resulting in a "happy advantage" and a "direct gaze advantage", but no interactions. In Experiment 3, individuals with high-functioning autism (HFA) and a matched TD group were tested using eight repetitions. The HFA group revealed no emotion or gaze effects, while the matched TD group showed both a happy and a direct gaze advantage, and again no interaction. The results suggest that in autistic individuals the memory for facial expressions is intact, but is not modulated by the person's expression type and gaze direction. We discuss whether anomalous implicit learning of facial cues could have contributed to these findings, its relevance for social intuition, and its possible contribution to social deficits in autism. LAY SUMMARY: It has often been found that memory for someone's face (facial identity) is less good in autism. However, it is not yet known whether memory for someone's facial expression is also less good in autism. In this study, the memory for expressions of joy and anger was investigated in typically-developed (TD) individuals who possessed either few or many autistic-like traits (Experiments 1 and 2), and in individuals with high-functioning autism (Experiment 3). The gaze direction was also varied (directed either toward, or away from, the observer). We found that TD individuals best remembered expressions of joy, and remembered expressions of both joy and anger better when the gaze was directed at them. These effects did not depend on the extent to which they possessed autistic-like traits. Autistic participants remembered the facial expression of a previously encountered person as good as TD participants did. However, in contrast to the TD participants, the memory of autistic participants was not influenced by the expression type and gaze direction of the previously encountered persons. We discuss whether this may lead to difficulties in the development of social intuition, which in turn could give rise to difficulties in social interaction that are characteristic for autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2682 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473 [article] Memory for facial expressions on the autism spectrum: The influence of gaze direction and type of expression [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sylwia MACINSKA, Auteur ; Tjeerd JELLEMA, Auteur . - p.870-880. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-5 (May 2022) . - p.870-880 Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications/psychology  Autistic Disorder/psychology  Emotions  Facial Expression  Happiness  Humans  autistic-like traits  facial expressions  gaze direction  high-functioning autism  memory  social perception Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Face memory research in autism has largely neglected memory for facial expressions, in favor of memory for identity. This study in three experiments examined the role of gaze direction and type of expression on memory for facial expressions in relation to the autism spectrum. In the learning phase, four combinations of facial expressions (joy/anger) and gaze direction (toward/away), displayed by 16 different identities, were presented. In a subsequent surprise test the same identities were presented displaying neutral expressions, and the expression of each identity had to be recalled. In Experiment 1, typically-developed (TD) individuals with low and high Autism Quotient (AQ) scores were tested with three repetitions of each emotion/gaze combination, which did not produce any modulations. In Experiment 2, another group of TD individuals with low and high AQ scores were tested with eight repetitions, resulting in a "happy advantage" and a "direct gaze advantage", but no interactions. In Experiment 3, individuals with high-functioning autism (HFA) and a matched TD group were tested using eight repetitions. The HFA group revealed no emotion or gaze effects, while the matched TD group showed both a happy and a direct gaze advantage, and again no interaction. The results suggest that in autistic individuals the memory for facial expressions is intact, but is not modulated by the person's expression type and gaze direction. We discuss whether anomalous implicit learning of facial cues could have contributed to these findings, its relevance for social intuition, and its possible contribution to social deficits in autism. LAY SUMMARY: It has often been found that memory for someone's face (facial identity) is less good in autism. However, it is not yet known whether memory for someone's facial expression is also less good in autism. In this study, the memory for expressions of joy and anger was investigated in typically-developed (TD) individuals who possessed either few or many autistic-like traits (Experiments 1 and 2), and in individuals with high-functioning autism (Experiment 3). The gaze direction was also varied (directed either toward, or away from, the observer). We found that TD individuals best remembered expressions of joy, and remembered expressions of both joy and anger better when the gaze was directed at them. These effects did not depend on the extent to which they possessed autistic-like traits. Autistic participants remembered the facial expression of a previously encountered person as good as TD participants did. However, in contrast to the TD participants, the memory of autistic participants was not influenced by the expression type and gaze direction of the previously encountered persons. We discuss whether this may lead to difficulties in the development of social intuition, which in turn could give rise to difficulties in social interaction that are characteristic for autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2682 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473

Visual working memory performance is intact across development in autism spectrum disorder / Andrew LYNN in Autism Research, 15-5 (May 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-5 (May 2022) . - p.881-891 Titre : Visual working memory performance is intact across development in autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Andrew LYNN, Auteur ; Beatriz LUNA, Auteur ; Kirsten O'HEARN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.881-891 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescent  Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications  Child  Cognition  Humans  Memory, Short-Term  attention  autism  child development  visual processing  working memory Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with atypical visual processing and deficits in working memory (WM). Visual WM performance typically improves between childhood and adulthood, but such improvement may be atypical in ASD. To better understand how visual WM develops, we used a well-established change detection task across multiple visual features. We examined visual WM for color, shape, and pattern in children, adolescents, and adults with and without ASD. VWM capacity and performance for all visual features improved across age similarly for both the TD and ASD groups. While performance was better on set size 4 trials than set size 8 trials for color, shape, and no change trials, such an effect was not evident for pattern change trials. Overall, the present findings suggest that VWM for different visual features may be intact across development in ASD. The ability to hold multiple objects in mind (WM) improves across typical development, but it remains unclear whether such improvement occurs in ASD. We found that developmental improvements in WM for different types of object details (e.g., color, shape, and pattern) is generally similar for both ASD and typical development. LAY SUMMARY: The ability to hold multiple objects in mind (working memory [WM]) improves across typical development, but it remains unclear whether such improvement occurs in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We found that developmental improvements in WM for different types of object details (e.g., color, shape, pattern) is generally similar for both ASD and typical development. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2683 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473 [article] Visual working memory performance is intact across development in autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Andrew LYNN, Auteur ; Beatriz LUNA, Auteur ; Kirsten O'HEARN, Auteur . - p.881-891. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-5 (May 2022) . - p.881-891 Mots-clés : Adolescent  Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications  Child  Cognition  Humans  Memory, Short-Term  attention  autism  child development  visual processing  working memory Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with atypical visual processing and deficits in working memory (WM). Visual WM performance typically improves between childhood and adulthood, but such improvement may be atypical in ASD. To better understand how visual WM develops, we used a well-established change detection task across multiple visual features. We examined visual WM for color, shape, and pattern in children, adolescents, and adults with and without ASD. VWM capacity and performance for all visual features improved across age similarly for both the TD and ASD groups. While performance was better on set size 4 trials than set size 8 trials for color, shape, and no change trials, such an effect was not evident for pattern change trials. Overall, the present findings suggest that VWM for different visual features may be intact across development in ASD. The ability to hold multiple objects in mind (WM) improves across typical development, but it remains unclear whether such improvement occurs in ASD. We found that developmental improvements in WM for different types of object details (e.g., color, shape, and pattern) is generally similar for both ASD and typical development. LAY SUMMARY: The ability to hold multiple objects in mind (working memory [WM]) improves across typical development, but it remains unclear whether such improvement occurs in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We found that developmental improvements in WM for different types of object details (e.g., color, shape, pattern) is generally similar for both ASD and typical development. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2683 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473

Predictive language processing in young autistic children / Kathryn E. PRESCOTT in Autism Research, 15-5 (May 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-5 (May 2022) . - p.892-903 Titre : Predictive language processing in young autistic children Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kathryn E. PRESCOTT, Auteur ; Janine MATHÉE-SCOTT, Auteur ; Tracy REUTER, Auteur ; Jan EDWARDS, Auteur ; Jenny SAFFRAN, Auteur ; Susan ELLIS WEISMER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.892-903 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescent  Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications  Autistic Disorder/complications  Child  Child, Preschool  Humans  Infant  Language  Language Development Disorders/complications  Linguistics  anticipatory language processing  autism spectrum disorder  language development  prediction  receptive language Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Recent theories propose that domain-general deficits in prediction (i.e., the ability to anticipate upcoming information) underlie the behavioral characteristics associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). If these theories are correct, autistic children might be expected to demonstrate difficulties on linguistic tasks that rely on predictive processing. Previous research has largely focused on older autistic children and adolescents with average language and cognition. The present study used an eye-gaze task to evaluate predictive language processing among 3- to 4-year-old autistic children (n =?34) and 1.5- to 3-year-old, language-matched neurotypical (NT) children (n =?34). Children viewed images (e.g., a cake and a ball) and heard sentences with informative verbs (e.g., Eat the cake) or neutral verbs (e.g., Find the cake). Analyses of children's looking behaviors indicated that young autistic children, like their language-matched NT peers, engaged in predictive language processing. Regression results revealed a significant effect of diagnostic group, when statistically controlling for age differences. The NT group displayed larger difference scores between the informative and neutral verb conditions (in looks to target nouns) compared to the ASD group. Receptive language measures were predictive of looking behavior across time for both groups, such that children with stronger language skills were more efficient in making use of informative verbs to process upcoming information. Taken together, these results suggest that young autistic children can engage in predictive processing though further research is warranted to explore the developmental trajectory relative to NT development. LAY SUMMARY: This study found that 3- to 4-year-old autistic children and younger, language-matched neurotypical (NT) children both used verbs to predict upcoming nouns in sentences like "Eat the cake." For both autistic and NT children, those with stronger language skills were able to predict upcoming nouns more quickly. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2684 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473 [article] Predictive language processing in young autistic children [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kathryn E. PRESCOTT, Auteur ; Janine MATHÉE-SCOTT, Auteur ; Tracy REUTER, Auteur ; Jan EDWARDS, Auteur ; Jenny SAFFRAN, Auteur ; Susan ELLIS WEISMER, Auteur . - p.892-903. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-5 (May 2022) . - p.892-903 Mots-clés : Adolescent  Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications  Autistic Disorder/complications  Child  Child, Preschool  Humans  Infant  Language  Language Development Disorders/complications  Linguistics  anticipatory language processing  autism spectrum disorder  language development  prediction  receptive language Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Recent theories propose that domain-general deficits in prediction (i.e., the ability to anticipate upcoming information) underlie the behavioral characteristics associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). If these theories are correct, autistic children might be expected to demonstrate difficulties on linguistic tasks that rely on predictive processing. Previous research has largely focused on older autistic children and adolescents with average language and cognition. The present study used an eye-gaze task to evaluate predictive language processing among 3- to 4-year-old autistic children (n =?34) and 1.5- to 3-year-old, language-matched neurotypical (NT) children (n =?34). Children viewed images (e.g., a cake and a ball) and heard sentences with informative verbs (e.g., Eat the cake) or neutral verbs (e.g., Find the cake). Analyses of children's looking behaviors indicated that young autistic children, like their language-matched NT peers, engaged in predictive language processing. Regression results revealed a significant effect of diagnostic group, when statistically controlling for age differences. The NT group displayed larger difference scores between the informative and neutral verb conditions (in looks to target nouns) compared to the ASD group. Receptive language measures were predictive of looking behavior across time for both groups, such that children with stronger language skills were more efficient in making use of informative verbs to process upcoming information. Taken together, these results suggest that young autistic children can engage in predictive processing though further research is warranted to explore the developmental trajectory relative to NT development. LAY SUMMARY: This study found that 3- to 4-year-old autistic children and younger, language-matched neurotypical (NT) children both used verbs to predict upcoming nouns in sentences like "Eat the cake." For both autistic and NT children, those with stronger language skills were able to predict upcoming nouns more quickly. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2684 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473

Autism and the criminal justice system: An analysis of 93 cases / Rachel SLAVNY-CROSS in Autism Research, 15-5 (May 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-5 (May 2022) . - p.904-914 Titre : Autism and the criminal justice system: An analysis of 93 cases Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Rachel SLAVNY-CROSS, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Sarah GRIFFITHS, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.904-914 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder/psychology  Autistic Disorder  Criminal Law  Humans  Police  Surveys and Questionnaires  autism  criminal justice  mitigation  offending  reasonable adjustments Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We investigate whether autistic people's vulnerability is taken into account at each stage of the criminal justice system (CJS). Defense lawyers from 12 nations were included in the study although the sample was predominantly from the UK. Lawyers completed an online survey regarding one case in which they had defended an autistic client between January 2015 and January 2020; and on one case in which they had defended a nonautistic client charged with a similar offense, to provide a comparison group. Ninety-three lawyers (85% in the UK) reported on one autistic case, and 53 also reported on one nonautistic case. 75% of autistic clients were not given reasonable adjustments during the process. Only 43% were offered an appropriate adult during police investigations, even though they had an existing diagnosis of autism. 59% of prosecution barristers and 46% of judges said or did something during the trial that made the lawyers concerned that they did not have an adequate understanding of autism. Lawyers were 7.58 times more likely to be concerned about their autistic client's effective participation in court and were 3.83 times more likely to be concerned that their autistic clients would engage in self-harm, compared with their nonautistic clients. There is a failure to identify and address autistic peoples' disability within the CJS. There is a need for mandatory autism training for police officers and the judiciary, with a focus on identifying autism and understanding the needs of autistic people so that reasonable adjustments are offered in all cases. LAY SUMMARY: This study sought to investigate if the needs of autistic people are being overlooked by the police and other professionals within the CJS. Results show that autistic people are not always given the support they need during police questioning or in court. The experience of being involved with the police may also have a more negative impact on autistic peoples' mental health than that of nonautistic people. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2690 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473 [article] Autism and the criminal justice system: An analysis of 93 cases [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Rachel SLAVNY-CROSS, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Sarah GRIFFITHS, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur . - p.904-914. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-5 (May 2022) . - p.904-914 Mots-clés : Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder/psychology  Autistic Disorder  Criminal Law  Humans  Police  Surveys and Questionnaires  autism  criminal justice  mitigation  offending  reasonable adjustments Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We investigate whether autistic people's vulnerability is taken into account at each stage of the criminal justice system (CJS). Defense lawyers from 12 nations were included in the study although the sample was predominantly from the UK. Lawyers completed an online survey regarding one case in which they had defended an autistic client between January 2015 and January 2020; and on one case in which they had defended a nonautistic client charged with a similar offense, to provide a comparison group. Ninety-three lawyers (85% in the UK) reported on one autistic case, and 53 also reported on one nonautistic case. 75% of autistic clients were not given reasonable adjustments during the process. Only 43% were offered an appropriate adult during police investigations, even though they had an existing diagnosis of autism. 59% of prosecution barristers and 46% of judges said or did something during the trial that made the lawyers concerned that they did not have an adequate understanding of autism. Lawyers were 7.58 times more likely to be concerned about their autistic client's effective participation in court and were 3.83 times more likely to be concerned that their autistic clients would engage in self-harm, compared with their nonautistic clients. There is a failure to identify and address autistic peoples' disability within the CJS. There is a need for mandatory autism training for police officers and the judiciary, with a focus on identifying autism and understanding the needs of autistic people so that reasonable adjustments are offered in all cases. LAY SUMMARY: This study sought to investigate if the needs of autistic people are being overlooked by the police and other professionals within the CJS. Results show that autistic people are not always given the support they need during police questioning or in court. The experience of being involved with the police may also have a more negative impact on autistic peoples' mental health than that of nonautistic people. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2690 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473

Early measurement of autism risk constructs in the general population: A new factor structure of the First Years Inventory (FYIv3.1) for ages 6-16 months / Grace T. BARANEK in Autism Research, 15-5 (May 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-5 (May 2022) . - p.915-928 Titre : Early measurement of autism risk constructs in the general population: A new factor structure of the First Years Inventory (FYIv3.1) for ages 6-16 months Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Grace T. BARANEK, Auteur ; John SIDERIS, Auteur ; Yun-Ju CHEN, Auteur ; Elizabeth R. CRAIS, Auteur ; Lauren M. TURNER-BROWN, Auteur ; Linda R. WATSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.915-928 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications/diagnosis/epidemiology  Autistic Disorder/complications/diagnosis/epidemiology  Child  Child, Preschool  Communication  Humans  Infant  Infant Behavior  Parents  autism spectrum disorder  community sample  developmental delay  early identification  infant development  neurodevelopmental risk Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Early detection of autism risk in the community is critical to increasing families' access to early intervention, yet few measures have been developed and tested for the general population of infants <16?months to tap a broader range of autism risk constructs. This study aimed to (a) examine the factor structure of the First Years Inventory, version 3.1 (FYIv3.1), with a sample of 6454 infants 6-16?months, and (b) determine the ability of the resulting factors to discriminate clinical outcome groups at 3?years of age. The FYIv3.1 is a parent-report tool designed to detect early behavioral risk signs that may be associated with a later diagnosis of ASD and related neurodevelopmental conditions. Factor analytic models were used to determine the number of constructs and inter-factor correlations. Findings supported a seven-factor structure: communication, imitation and play (CIP); social attention and affective engagement (SAE); sensory hyperresponsiveness (HYPER); sensory hyporesponsiveness (HYPO); self-regulation in daily routines (SREG); sensory interests, repetitions, and seeking behaviors (SIRS); motor coordination and milestones (MCM). Mean comparisons on these factors demonstrated significant discrimination of the three outcome groups at age 3?years including those classified as having an ASD diagnosis and/or high autism symptoms, those classified as having other developmental disorders/conditions/concerns, and those classified with no known conditions/concerns. These findings support the validity and multidimensionality of early ASD risk constructs, as well as the potential use of the FYIv3.1 for phenotypic subtyping in the general population, and early detection in a broader age range of 6-16?months in future clinical studies. LAY SUMMARY: The FYIv3.1 is a 69-item parent-report questionnaire about infant behaviors that may indicate an elevated likelihood for later neurodevelopmental conditions such as autism. Analyses of responses from 6454 parents of infants 6-16 months indicated that items could be grouped reliably into seven categories. Compared to children with or without other developmental conditions, children in the outcome group with autism spectrum disorder and/or high autism symptoms at age three showed more behavioral risk signs in social-communication, sensory, and motor domains during infancy. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2691 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473 [article] Early measurement of autism risk constructs in the general population: A new factor structure of the First Years Inventory (FYIv3.1) for ages 6-16 months [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Grace T. BARANEK, Auteur ; John SIDERIS, Auteur ; Yun-Ju CHEN, Auteur ; Elizabeth R. CRAIS, Auteur ; Lauren M. TURNER-BROWN, Auteur ; Linda R. WATSON, Auteur . - p.915-928. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-5 (May 2022) . - p.915-928 Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications/diagnosis/epidemiology  Autistic Disorder/complications/diagnosis/epidemiology  Child  Child, Preschool  Communication  Humans  Infant  Infant Behavior  Parents  autism spectrum disorder  community sample  developmental delay  early identification  infant development  neurodevelopmental risk Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Early detection of autism risk in the community is critical to increasing families' access to early intervention, yet few measures have been developed and tested for the general population of infants <16?months to tap a broader range of autism risk constructs. This study aimed to (a) examine the factor structure of the First Years Inventory, version 3.1 (FYIv3.1), with a sample of 6454 infants 6-16?months, and (b) determine the ability of the resulting factors to discriminate clinical outcome groups at 3?years of age. The FYIv3.1 is a parent-report tool designed to detect early behavioral risk signs that may be associated with a later diagnosis of ASD and related neurodevelopmental conditions. Factor analytic models were used to determine the number of constructs and inter-factor correlations. Findings supported a seven-factor structure: communication, imitation and play (CIP); social attention and affective engagement (SAE); sensory hyperresponsiveness (HYPER); sensory hyporesponsiveness (HYPO); self-regulation in daily routines (SREG); sensory interests, repetitions, and seeking behaviors (SIRS); motor coordination and milestones (MCM). Mean comparisons on these factors demonstrated significant discrimination of the three outcome groups at age 3?years including those classified as having an ASD diagnosis and/or high autism symptoms, those classified as having other developmental disorders/conditions/concerns, and those classified with no known conditions/concerns. These findings support the validity and multidimensionality of early ASD risk constructs, as well as the potential use of the FYIv3.1 for phenotypic subtyping in the general population, and early detection in a broader age range of 6-16?months in future clinical studies. LAY SUMMARY: The FYIv3.1 is a 69-item parent-report questionnaire about infant behaviors that may indicate an elevated likelihood for later neurodevelopmental conditions such as autism. Analyses of responses from 6454 parents of infants 6-16 months indicated that items could be grouped reliably into seven categories. Compared to children with or without other developmental conditions, children in the outcome group with autism spectrum disorder and/or high autism symptoms at age three showed more behavioral risk signs in social-communication, sensory, and motor domains during infancy. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2691 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473

Associations between coping strategies and mental health outcomes in autistic adults / Melanie MUNIANDY in Autism Research, 15-5 (May 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-5 (May 2022) . - p.929-944 Titre : Associations between coping strategies and mental health outcomes in autistic adults Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Melanie MUNIANDY, Auteur ; Amanda L. RICHDALE, Auteur ; Samuel R. C. ARNOLD, Auteur ; Julian N. TROLLOR, Auteur ; Lauren P. LAWSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.929-944 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adaptation, Psychological  Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications/epidemiology  Autistic Disorder/complications/psychology  Humans  Mental Health  Outcome Assessment, Health Care  adults  autism spectrum disorders  coping strategies  well-being Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Compared to the general population, mental health difficulties are commonly reported in autistic adults. However, the ways in which coping strategies are associated with mental health and well-being in this population remain unknown. Further, we do not know if, and if so, how these associations might differ to that of non-autistic adults. In this study, we hypothesized that in both our autistic (N = 255) and non-autistic (N = 165) adult samples, disengagement coping strategies (e.g., denial) would relate to poorer mental health and well-being, while engagement coping strategies (e.g., problem solving) would relate to better mental health and well-being. Regression analyses revealed that higher use of disengagement coping strategies was significantly associated with higher levels of anxiety and depression, and lower levels of well-being in both samples. In contrast, increased use of engagement coping strategies was associated with better well-being, but only in the autistic sample. Our results contribute to the characterization of negative and positive mental health outcomes in autistic adults from a coping perspective, with potential to offer novel information regarding coping strategies to consider when addressing support options for mental health difficulties in the autistic adult population. LAY SUMMARY: Mental health conditions (such as anxiety and depression) and poor well-being are commonly reported in autistic adults. Research suggests that how one copes with stress is associated with one's mental health and well-being. However, we have little information about how coping strategies relate to the mental health of autistic adults, and whether this might be different in non-autistic adults. In this study, we examined the relationship between coping strategies and mental health in a large group of autistic individuals aged 15-80?years. We then compared this with similar aged non-autistic individuals. We found that in both the autistic and non-autistic individuals, using more disengagement coping strategies (such as being in denial, blaming oneself) was related to poorer mental health and well-being. Additionally, using more engagement coping strategies (such as problem solving, acceptance) was related to better mental health and well-being, but only in the autistic individuals. These results can help inform support services, as they highlight the coping strategies that may need to be focused on (i.e., developing engagement coping strategies and reducing disengagement coping strategies) in order to better support the mental health of autistic individuals. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2694 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473 [article] Associations between coping strategies and mental health outcomes in autistic adults [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Melanie MUNIANDY, Auteur ; Amanda L. RICHDALE, Auteur ; Samuel R. C. ARNOLD, Auteur ; Julian N. TROLLOR, Auteur ; Lauren P. LAWSON, Auteur . - p.929-944. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-5 (May 2022) . - p.929-944 Mots-clés : Adaptation, Psychological  Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications/epidemiology  Autistic Disorder/complications/psychology  Humans  Mental Health  Outcome Assessment, Health Care  adults  autism spectrum disorders  coping strategies  well-being Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Compared to the general population, mental health difficulties are commonly reported in autistic adults. However, the ways in which coping strategies are associated with mental health and well-being in this population remain unknown. Further, we do not know if, and if so, how these associations might differ to that of non-autistic adults. In this study, we hypothesized that in both our autistic (N = 255) and non-autistic (N = 165) adult samples, disengagement coping strategies (e.g., denial) would relate to poorer mental health and well-being, while engagement coping strategies (e.g., problem solving) would relate to better mental health and well-being. Regression analyses revealed that higher use of disengagement coping strategies was significantly associated with higher levels of anxiety and depression, and lower levels of well-being in both samples. In contrast, increased use of engagement coping strategies was associated with better well-being, but only in the autistic sample. Our results contribute to the characterization of negative and positive mental health outcomes in autistic adults from a coping perspective, with potential to offer novel information regarding coping strategies to consider when addressing support options for mental health difficulties in the autistic adult population. LAY SUMMARY: Mental health conditions (such as anxiety and depression) and poor well-being are commonly reported in autistic adults. Research suggests that how one copes with stress is associated with one's mental health and well-being. However, we have little information about how coping strategies relate to the mental health of autistic adults, and whether this might be different in non-autistic adults. In this study, we examined the relationship between coping strategies and mental health in a large group of autistic individuals aged 15-80?years. We then compared this with similar aged non-autistic individuals. We found that in both the autistic and non-autistic individuals, using more disengagement coping strategies (such as being in denial, blaming oneself) was related to poorer mental health and well-being. Additionally, using more engagement coping strategies (such as problem solving, acceptance) was related to better mental health and well-being, but only in the autistic individuals. These results can help inform support services, as they highlight the coping strategies that may need to be focused on (i.e., developing engagement coping strategies and reducing disengagement coping strategies) in order to better support the mental health of autistic individuals. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2694 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473

Differential effects of COVID-related lockdown on sleep-wake rhythms in adults with autism spectrum disorder compared to the general population / Eve REYNAUD in Autism Research, 15-5 (May 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-5 (May 2022) . - p.945-956 Titre : Differential effects of COVID-related lockdown on sleep-wake rhythms in adults with autism spectrum disorder compared to the general population Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Eve REYNAUD, Auteur ; Julien POTTELETTE, Auteur ; Juliette RABOT, Auteur ; Julie ROLLING, Auteur ; Sylvie ROYANT-PAROLA, Auteur ; Sarah HARTLEY, Auteur ; Romain COUTELLE, Auteur ; Carmen M. SCHRÖDER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.945-956 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications/epidemiology  Covid-19  Communicable Disease Control  Female  Humans  Male  Sleep  Sleep Wake Disorders/epidemiology  autism spectrum disorder  circadian rhythm  insomnia  sleep hygiene Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : COVID-related lockdown led to a radical modification of daily activities and routines which are known to affect sleep. Compared to the general population, participants with autism may be particularly vulnerable to the repercussions of lockdown on sleep, given their intrinsic inflexible adherence to routines and the high overall prevalence of sleep disturbances in this population. The study is a French nation-wide online survey assessing sleep-wake rhythms and behaviors known to affect sleep (daily screen time, daylight exposure, and physical activity), before and during COVID-related lockdown. Respondents were 207 adults with autism (56% female) and 1652 adults of the general population (77% female), with a mean age 35.3?years (SD 11.3). Before lockdown, the adults with autism displayed on average later bedtime and waking hours, lower sleep quality, more evening screen time, less exposure to daylight, and less exercise (all p? En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2692 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473 [article] Differential effects of COVID-related lockdown on sleep-wake rhythms in adults with autism spectrum disorder compared to the general population [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Eve REYNAUD, Auteur ; Julien POTTELETTE, Auteur ; Juliette RABOT, Auteur ; Julie ROLLING, Auteur ; Sylvie ROYANT-PAROLA, Auteur ; Sarah HARTLEY, Auteur ; Romain COUTELLE, Auteur ; Carmen M. SCHRÖDER, Auteur . - p.945-956. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-5 (May 2022) . - p.945-956 Mots-clés : Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications/epidemiology  Covid-19  Communicable Disease Control  Female  Humans  Male  Sleep  Sleep Wake Disorders/epidemiology  autism spectrum disorder  circadian rhythm  insomnia  sleep hygiene Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : COVID-related lockdown led to a radical modification of daily activities and routines which are known to affect sleep. Compared to the general population, participants with autism may be particularly vulnerable to the repercussions of lockdown on sleep, given their intrinsic inflexible adherence to routines and the high overall prevalence of sleep disturbances in this population. The study is a French nation-wide online survey assessing sleep-wake rhythms and behaviors known to affect sleep (daily screen time, daylight exposure, and physical activity), before and during COVID-related lockdown. Respondents were 207 adults with autism (56% female) and 1652 adults of the general population (77% female), with a mean age 35.3?years (SD 11.3). Before lockdown, the adults with autism displayed on average later bedtime and waking hours, lower sleep quality, more evening screen time, less exposure to daylight, and less exercise (all p? En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2692 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473

Prenatal exposure to pesticide residues in the diet in association with child autism-related traits: Results from the EARLI study / Emily E. JOYCE in Autism Research, 15-5 (May 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-5 (May 2022) . - p.957-970 Titre : Prenatal exposure to pesticide residues in the diet in association with child autism-related traits: Results from the EARLI study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Emily E. JOYCE, Auteur ; Jorge E. CHAVARRO, Auteur ; Juliette RANDO, Auteur ; Ashley Y. SONG, Auteur ; Lisa A. CROEN, Auteur ; M Daniele FALLIN, Auteur ; Irva HERTZ-PICCIOTTO, Auteur ; Rebecca J. SCHMIDT, Auteur ; Heather E. VOLK, Auteur ; Craig J. NEWSCHAFFER, Auteur ; Kristen LYALL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.957-970 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder  Child  Child, Preschool  Diet  Female  Humans  Mothers  Pesticide Residues  Pesticides/adverse effects  Pregnancy  Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects  autism-related traits  fruit  prenatal diet  vegetables Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Prior work has suggested associations between prenatal exposure to several classes of pesticides and child autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We examined a previously developed pesticide residue burden score (PRBS) and intake of high pesticide residue foods in association with ASD-related traits. Participants were drawn from the Early Autism Risk Longitudinal Investigation (EARLI) (n = 256), a cohort following mothers who previously had a child with ASD through a subsequent pregnancy and that child's development. ASD-related traits were captured according to total Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) scores at age 3 (mean raw total SRS score = 35.8). Dietary intake was assessed through a food frequency questionnaire collected during pregnancy. We also incorporated organic intake and fatty foods in modified versions of the PRBS. Associations between high-residue fruit and vegetable intake, the overall PRBS and modified versions of it, and SRS scores were assessed using multivariable linear regression. Overall, we did not observe associations between pesticide residues in foods and ASD-related outcomes, and modified versions of the PRBS yielded similar findings. However, reductions in ASD-related traits were observed with higher overall fruit and vegetable intake (adjusted estimates for Q4 vs. Q1: ? -12.76, 95%CI -27.8, 2.3). Thus, findings from this high familial probability cohort did not suggest relationships between pesticide residues in the diet according to the PRBS and ASD-related traits. Beneficial effects of fruit and vegetable intake may influence these relationships. Future work should consider fruit and vegetable intake in association with ASD-related outcomes. LAY SUMMARY: Diet is the main source of exposure to most pesticides in use today. In this study, we examined the relationship between pesticide exposure from residues in the diet during pregnancy and child autism-related traits. We found that these pesticide residues from the diet were not related to child autism-related outcomes at age three. However, higher prenatal fruit and vegetable intake was associated with reductions in child autism-related traits. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2698 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473 [article] Prenatal exposure to pesticide residues in the diet in association with child autism-related traits: Results from the EARLI study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Emily E. JOYCE, Auteur ; Jorge E. CHAVARRO, Auteur ; Juliette RANDO, Auteur ; Ashley Y. SONG, Auteur ; Lisa A. CROEN, Auteur ; M Daniele FALLIN, Auteur ; Irva HERTZ-PICCIOTTO, Auteur ; Rebecca J. SCHMIDT, Auteur ; Heather E. VOLK, Auteur ; Craig J. NEWSCHAFFER, Auteur ; Kristen LYALL, Auteur . - p.957-970. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-5 (May 2022) . - p.957-970 Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder  Child  Child, Preschool  Diet  Female  Humans  Mothers  Pesticide Residues  Pesticides/adverse effects  Pregnancy  Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects  autism-related traits  fruit  prenatal diet  vegetables Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Prior work has suggested associations between prenatal exposure to several classes of pesticides and child autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We examined a previously developed pesticide residue burden score (PRBS) and intake of high pesticide residue foods in association with ASD-related traits. Participants were drawn from the Early Autism Risk Longitudinal Investigation (EARLI) (n = 256), a cohort following mothers who previously had a child with ASD through a subsequent pregnancy and that child's development. ASD-related traits were captured according to total Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) scores at age 3 (mean raw total SRS score = 35.8). Dietary intake was assessed through a food frequency questionnaire collected during pregnancy. We also incorporated organic intake and fatty foods in modified versions of the PRBS. Associations between high-residue fruit and vegetable intake, the overall PRBS and modified versions of it, and SRS scores were assessed using multivariable linear regression. Overall, we did not observe associations between pesticide residues in foods and ASD-related outcomes, and modified versions of the PRBS yielded similar findings. However, reductions in ASD-related traits were observed with higher overall fruit and vegetable intake (adjusted estimates for Q4 vs. Q1: ? -12.76, 95%CI -27.8, 2.3). Thus, findings from this high familial probability cohort did not suggest relationships between pesticide residues in the diet according to the PRBS and ASD-related traits. Beneficial effects of fruit and vegetable intake may influence these relationships. Future work should consider fruit and vegetable intake in association with ASD-related outcomes. LAY SUMMARY: Diet is the main source of exposure to most pesticides in use today. In this study, we examined the relationship between pesticide exposure from residues in the diet during pregnancy and child autism-related traits. We found that these pesticide residues from the diet were not related to child autism-related outcomes at age three. However, higher prenatal fruit and vegetable intake was associated with reductions in child autism-related traits. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2698 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473