Dépouillements

Closing the species gap: Translational approaches to studying sensory processing differences relevant for autism spectrum disorder / Kaela E. SCOTT in Autism Research, 14-7 (July 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-7 (July 2021) . - p.1322-1331 Titre : Closing the species gap: Translational approaches to studying sensory processing differences relevant for autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kaela E. SCOTT, Auteur ; S. E. SCHULZ, Auteur ; D. MOEHRLE, Auteur ; Brian L. ALLMAN, Auteur ; Janis ORAM CARDY, Auteur ; R. A. STEVENSON, Auteur ; S. SCHMID, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1322-1331 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Animals  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Cognition  Evoked Potentials  Humans  Mice  Perception  Sensation  auditory processing  experimental design  framework  sensory phenotypes  species translation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The study of sensory phenotypes has great potential for increasing research translation between species, a necessity to decipher the neural mechanisms that contribute to higher-order differences in neurological conditions such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Over the past decade, despite separate advances in our understanding of the structural and functional differences within the brain of autistic and non-autistic individuals and in rodent models for ASD, researchers have had difficulty translating the findings in murine species to humans, mostly due to incompatibility in experimental methodologies used to screen for ASD phenotypes. Focusing on sensory phenotypes offers an avenue to close the species gap because sensory pathways are highly conserved across species and are affected by the same risk-factors as the higher-order brain areas mostly responsible for the diagnostic criteria for ASD. By first reviewing how sensory processing has been studied to date, we direct our focus to electrophysiological and behavioral techniques that can be used to study sensory phenotypes consistently across species. Using auditory sensory phenotypes as a template, we seek to improve the accessibility of translational methods by providing a framework for collecting cohesive data in both rodents and humans. Specifically, evoked-potentials, acoustic startle paradigms, and psychophysical detection/discrimination paradigms can be created and implemented in a coordinated and systematic fashion across species. Through careful protocol design and collaboration, sensory processing phenotypes can be harnessed to bridge the gap that exists between preclinical animal studies and human testing, so that mutually held questions in autism research can be answered. LAY SUMMARY: It has always been difficult to relate results from animal research to humans. We try to close this gap by studying changes in sensory processing using careful protocol design and collaboration between clinicians and researchers. Sensory pathways are comparable between animals and humans, and are affected in the same way as the rest of the brain in ASD. Using changes in hearing as a template, we point the field in an innovative direction by providing a framework for collecting cohesive data in rodents and humans. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2533 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449 [article] Closing the species gap: Translational approaches to studying sensory processing differences relevant for autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kaela E. SCOTT, Auteur ; S. E. SCHULZ, Auteur ; D. MOEHRLE, Auteur ; Brian L. ALLMAN, Auteur ; Janis ORAM CARDY, Auteur ; R. A. STEVENSON, Auteur ; S. SCHMID, Auteur . - p.1322-1331. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-7 (July 2021) . - p.1322-1331 Mots-clés : Animals  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Cognition  Evoked Potentials  Humans  Mice  Perception  Sensation  auditory processing  experimental design  framework  sensory phenotypes  species translation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The study of sensory phenotypes has great potential for increasing research translation between species, a necessity to decipher the neural mechanisms that contribute to higher-order differences in neurological conditions such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Over the past decade, despite separate advances in our understanding of the structural and functional differences within the brain of autistic and non-autistic individuals and in rodent models for ASD, researchers have had difficulty translating the findings in murine species to humans, mostly due to incompatibility in experimental methodologies used to screen for ASD phenotypes. Focusing on sensory phenotypes offers an avenue to close the species gap because sensory pathways are highly conserved across species and are affected by the same risk-factors as the higher-order brain areas mostly responsible for the diagnostic criteria for ASD. By first reviewing how sensory processing has been studied to date, we direct our focus to electrophysiological and behavioral techniques that can be used to study sensory phenotypes consistently across species. Using auditory sensory phenotypes as a template, we seek to improve the accessibility of translational methods by providing a framework for collecting cohesive data in both rodents and humans. Specifically, evoked-potentials, acoustic startle paradigms, and psychophysical detection/discrimination paradigms can be created and implemented in a coordinated and systematic fashion across species. Through careful protocol design and collaboration, sensory processing phenotypes can be harnessed to bridge the gap that exists between preclinical animal studies and human testing, so that mutually held questions in autism research can be answered. LAY SUMMARY: It has always been difficult to relate results from animal research to humans. We try to close this gap by studying changes in sensory processing using careful protocol design and collaboration between clinicians and researchers. Sensory pathways are comparable between animals and humans, and are affected in the same way as the rest of the brain in ASD. Using changes in hearing as a template, we point the field in an innovative direction by providing a framework for collecting cohesive data in rodents and humans. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2533 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449

Assessment of medical morbidities in a rhesus monkey model of naturally occurring low sociality / A. K. MYERS in Autism Research, 14-7 (July 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-7 (July 2021) . - p.1332-1346 Titre : Assessment of medical morbidities in a rhesus monkey model of naturally occurring low sociality Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : A. K. MYERS, Auteur ; Catherine F. TALBOT, Auteur ; L. A. DEL ROSSO, Auteur ; A. C. MANESS, Auteur ; S. M. V. SIMMONS, Auteur ; J. P. GARNER, Auteur ; John P. CAPITANIO, Auteur ; Karen J. PARKER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1332-1346 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Animals  Autism Spectrum Disorder/epidemiology  Autistic Disorder  Humans  Macaca mulatta  Morbidity  Social Behavior  Social Responsiveness Scale  animal model  autism spectrum disorder  medical morbidities  rhesus macaque  social behavior Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit a variety of medical morbidities at significantly higher rates than the general population. Using an established monkey model of naturally occurring low sociality, we investigated whether low-social monkeys show an increased burden of medical morbidities compared to their high-social counterparts. We systematically reviewed the medical records of N = 152 (n = 73 low-social; n = 79 high-social) rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) to assess the number of traumatic injury, gastrointestinal, and inflammatory events, as well as the presence of rare medical conditions. Subjects' nonsocial scores, determined by the frequency they were observed in a nonsocial state (i.e., alone), and macaque Social Responsiveness Scale-Revised (mSRS-R) scores were also used to test whether individual differences in social functioning were related to medical morbidity burden. Medical morbidity type significantly differed by group, such that low-social monkeys incurred higher rates of traumatic injury compared to high-social monkeys. Nonsocial scores and mSRS-R scores also significantly and positively predicted traumatic injury rates, indicating that monkeys with the greatest social impairment were most impacted on this health measure. These findings from low-social monkeys are consistent with well-documented evidence that people with ASD incur a greater number of traumatic injuries and receive more peer bullying than their neurotypical peers, and add to growing evidence for the face validity of this primate model. LAY SUMMARY: People with autism exhibit multiple medical problems at higher rates than the general population. We conducted a comprehensive medical record review of monkeys that naturally exhibit differences in sociality and found that low-social monkeys are more susceptible to traumatic injuries than high-social monkeys. These results are consistent with reports that people with autism also incur greater traumatic injury and peer bullying and add to growing evidence for the validity of this monkey model. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2512 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449 [article] Assessment of medical morbidities in a rhesus monkey model of naturally occurring low sociality [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / A. K. MYERS, Auteur ; Catherine F. TALBOT, Auteur ; L. A. DEL ROSSO, Auteur ; A. C. MANESS, Auteur ; S. M. V. SIMMONS, Auteur ; J. P. GARNER, Auteur ; John P. CAPITANIO, Auteur ; Karen J. PARKER, Auteur . - p.1332-1346. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-7 (July 2021) . - p.1332-1346 Mots-clés : Animals  Autism Spectrum Disorder/epidemiology  Autistic Disorder  Humans  Macaca mulatta  Morbidity  Social Behavior  Social Responsiveness Scale  animal model  autism spectrum disorder  medical morbidities  rhesus macaque  social behavior Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit a variety of medical morbidities at significantly higher rates than the general population. Using an established monkey model of naturally occurring low sociality, we investigated whether low-social monkeys show an increased burden of medical morbidities compared to their high-social counterparts. We systematically reviewed the medical records of N = 152 (n = 73 low-social; n = 79 high-social) rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) to assess the number of traumatic injury, gastrointestinal, and inflammatory events, as well as the presence of rare medical conditions. Subjects' nonsocial scores, determined by the frequency they were observed in a nonsocial state (i.e., alone), and macaque Social Responsiveness Scale-Revised (mSRS-R) scores were also used to test whether individual differences in social functioning were related to medical morbidity burden. Medical morbidity type significantly differed by group, such that low-social monkeys incurred higher rates of traumatic injury compared to high-social monkeys. Nonsocial scores and mSRS-R scores also significantly and positively predicted traumatic injury rates, indicating that monkeys with the greatest social impairment were most impacted on this health measure. These findings from low-social monkeys are consistent with well-documented evidence that people with ASD incur a greater number of traumatic injuries and receive more peer bullying than their neurotypical peers, and add to growing evidence for the face validity of this primate model. LAY SUMMARY: People with autism exhibit multiple medical problems at higher rates than the general population. We conducted a comprehensive medical record review of monkeys that naturally exhibit differences in sociality and found that low-social monkeys are more susceptible to traumatic injuries than high-social monkeys. These results are consistent with reports that people with autism also incur greater traumatic injury and peer bullying and add to growing evidence for the validity of this monkey model. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2512 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449

The N170 event-related potential reflects delayed neural response to faces when visual attention is directed to the eyes in youths with ASD / T. C. PARKER in Autism Research, 14-7 (July 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-7 (July 2021) . - p.1347-1356 Titre : The N170 event-related potential reflects delayed neural response to faces when visual attention is directed to the eyes in youths with ASD Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : T. C. PARKER, Auteur ; M. J. CROWLEY, Auteur ; A. J. NAPLES, Auteur ; M. J. ROLISON, Auteur ; J. WU, Auteur ; J. A. TRAPANI, Auteur ; J. C. MCPARTLAND, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1347-1356 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescent  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Brain  Child  Evoked Potentials  Facial Recognition  Humans  Eeg  N170  autism  event-related potential  face perception  social neuroscience Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Atypical neural response to faces is thought to contribute to social deficits in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Compared to typically developing (TD) controls, individuals with ASD exhibit delayed brain responses to upright faces at a face-sensitive event-related potential (ERP), the N170. Given observed differences in patterns of visual attention to faces, it is not known whether slowed neural processing may simply reflect atypical looking to faces. The present study manipulated visual attention to facial features to examine whether directed attention to the eyes normalizes N170 latency in ASD. ERPs were recorded in 30 children and adolescents with ASD as well as 26 TD children and adolescents. Results replicated prior findings of shorter N170 latency to the eye region of the face in TD individuals. In contrast, those with ASD did not demonstrate modulation of N170 latency by point of regard to the face. Group differences in latency were most pronounced when attention was directed to the eyes. Results suggest that well-replicated findings of N170 delays in ASD do not simply reflect atypical patterns of visual engagement with experimental stimuli. These findings add to a body of evidence indicating that N170 delays are a promising marker of atypical neural response to social information in ASD. LAY SUMMARY: This study looks at how children's and adolescents' brains respond when looking at different parts of a face. Typically developing children and adolescents processed eyes faster than other parts of the face, whereas this pattern was not seen in ASD. Children and adolescents with ASD processed eyes more slowly than typically developing children. These findings suggest that observed inefficiencies in face processing in ASD are not simply reflective of failure to attend to the eyes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2505 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449 [article] The N170 event-related potential reflects delayed neural response to faces when visual attention is directed to the eyes in youths with ASD [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / T. C. PARKER, Auteur ; M. J. CROWLEY, Auteur ; A. J. NAPLES, Auteur ; M. J. ROLISON, Auteur ; J. WU, Auteur ; J. A. TRAPANI, Auteur ; J. C. MCPARTLAND, Auteur . - p.1347-1356. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-7 (July 2021) . - p.1347-1356 Mots-clés : Adolescent  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Brain  Child  Evoked Potentials  Facial Recognition  Humans  Eeg  N170  autism  event-related potential  face perception  social neuroscience Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Atypical neural response to faces is thought to contribute to social deficits in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Compared to typically developing (TD) controls, individuals with ASD exhibit delayed brain responses to upright faces at a face-sensitive event-related potential (ERP), the N170. Given observed differences in patterns of visual attention to faces, it is not known whether slowed neural processing may simply reflect atypical looking to faces. The present study manipulated visual attention to facial features to examine whether directed attention to the eyes normalizes N170 latency in ASD. ERPs were recorded in 30 children and adolescents with ASD as well as 26 TD children and adolescents. Results replicated prior findings of shorter N170 latency to the eye region of the face in TD individuals. In contrast, those with ASD did not demonstrate modulation of N170 latency by point of regard to the face. Group differences in latency were most pronounced when attention was directed to the eyes. Results suggest that well-replicated findings of N170 delays in ASD do not simply reflect atypical patterns of visual engagement with experimental stimuli. These findings add to a body of evidence indicating that N170 delays are a promising marker of atypical neural response to social information in ASD. LAY SUMMARY: This study looks at how children's and adolescents' brains respond when looking at different parts of a face. Typically developing children and adolescents processed eyes faster than other parts of the face, whereas this pattern was not seen in ASD. Children and adolescents with ASD processed eyes more slowly than typically developing children. These findings suggest that observed inefficiencies in face processing in ASD are not simply reflective of failure to attend to the eyes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2505 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449

Neural coding of formant-exaggerated speech and nonspeech in children with and without autism spectrum disorders / F. CHEN in Autism Research, 14-7 (July 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-7 (July 2021) . - p.1357-1374 Titre : Neural coding of formant-exaggerated speech and nonspeech in children with and without autism spectrum disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : F. CHEN, Auteur ; H. ZHANG, Auteur ; H. DING, Auteur ; S. WANG, Auteur ; G. PENG, Auteur ; Y. ZHANG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1357-1374 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications  Child  Child, Preschool  Evoked Potentials  Humans  Language Development  Phonetics  Speech  Speech Perception  Asd  adult-directed speech  formant exaggeration  infant-directed speech  nonspeech Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The presence of vowel exaggeration in infant-directed speech (IDS) may adapt to the age-appropriate demands in speech and language acquisition. Previous studies have provided behavioral evidence of atypical auditory processing towards IDS in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), while the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms remain unknown. This event-related potential (ERP) study investigated the neural coding of formant-exaggerated speech and nonspeech in 24 4- to 11-year-old children with ASD and 24 typically-developing (TD) peers. The EEG data were recorded using an alternating block design, in which each stimulus type (exaggerated/non-exaggerated sound) was presented with equal probability. ERP waveform analysis revealed an enhanced P1 for vowel formant exaggeration in the TD group but not in the ASD group. This speech-specific atypical processing in ASD was not found for the nonspeech stimuli which showed similar P1 enhancement in both ASD and TD groups. Moreover, the time-frequency analysis indicated that children with ASD showed differences in neural synchronization in the delta-theta bands for processing acoustic formant changes embedded in nonspeech. Collectively, the results add substantiating neurophysiological evidence (i.e., a lack of neural enhancement effect of vowel exaggeration) for atypical auditory processing of IDS in children with ASD, which may exert a negative effect on phonetic encoding and language learning. LAY SUMMARY: Atypical responses to motherese might act as a potential early marker of risk for children with ASD. This study investigated the neural responses to such socially relevant stimuli in the ASD brain, and the results suggested a lack of neural enhancement responding to the motherese even in individuals without intellectual disability. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2509 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449 [article] Neural coding of formant-exaggerated speech and nonspeech in children with and without autism spectrum disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / F. CHEN, Auteur ; H. ZHANG, Auteur ; H. DING, Auteur ; S. WANG, Auteur ; G. PENG, Auteur ; Y. ZHANG, Auteur . - p.1357-1374. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-7 (July 2021) . - p.1357-1374 Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications  Child  Child, Preschool  Evoked Potentials  Humans  Language Development  Phonetics  Speech  Speech Perception  Asd  adult-directed speech  formant exaggeration  infant-directed speech  nonspeech Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The presence of vowel exaggeration in infant-directed speech (IDS) may adapt to the age-appropriate demands in speech and language acquisition. Previous studies have provided behavioral evidence of atypical auditory processing towards IDS in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), while the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms remain unknown. This event-related potential (ERP) study investigated the neural coding of formant-exaggerated speech and nonspeech in 24 4- to 11-year-old children with ASD and 24 typically-developing (TD) peers. The EEG data were recorded using an alternating block design, in which each stimulus type (exaggerated/non-exaggerated sound) was presented with equal probability. ERP waveform analysis revealed an enhanced P1 for vowel formant exaggeration in the TD group but not in the ASD group. This speech-specific atypical processing in ASD was not found for the nonspeech stimuli which showed similar P1 enhancement in both ASD and TD groups. Moreover, the time-frequency analysis indicated that children with ASD showed differences in neural synchronization in the delta-theta bands for processing acoustic formant changes embedded in nonspeech. Collectively, the results add substantiating neurophysiological evidence (i.e., a lack of neural enhancement effect of vowel exaggeration) for atypical auditory processing of IDS in children with ASD, which may exert a negative effect on phonetic encoding and language learning. LAY SUMMARY: Atypical responses to motherese might act as a potential early marker of risk for children with ASD. This study investigated the neural responses to such socially relevant stimuli in the ASD brain, and the results suggested a lack of neural enhancement responding to the motherese even in individuals without intellectual disability. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2509 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449

Pharmacological inhibition of the primary endocannabinoid producing enzyme, DGL-?, induces autism spectrum disorder-like and co-morbid phenotypes in adult C57BL/J mice / W. FYKE in Autism Research, 14-7 (July 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-7 (July 2021) . - p.1375-1389 Titre : Pharmacological inhibition of the primary endocannabinoid producing enzyme, DGL-?, induces autism spectrum disorder-like and co-morbid phenotypes in adult C57BL/J mice Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : W. FYKE, Auteur ; J. M. ALARCON, Auteur ; M. VELINOV, Auteur ; Kathryn K. CHADMAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1375-1389 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Animals  Anxiety  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Disease Models, Animal  Endocannabinoids  Male  Mice  Mice, Inbred C57BL  Phenotype  Dgl-?  autism spectrum disorders  mouse models  neurodevelopmental disorders Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Accumulating evidence links dysfunction in the endocannabinoid system (ECS) with the pathology of neurodevelopmental disorders, particularly autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Variants in ECS genes CNR1 and DAGLA are associated with neurological phenotypes in humans. The endocannabinoids (eCBs), 2-AG and AEA, which act at the primary cannabinoid receptor (CB1), mediate behaviors relevant to neurodevelopmental disorders. The overlap between these eCBs is poorly understood. Most ECS studies have focused on stress responses, anxiety, and epilepsy, however, its role in social behavior and communication has only recently come under investigation. This represents a critical gap in our understanding of the ECS and its relationship to ASD. Furthermore, the increasing prevalence of ASD and a lack of therapeutics emphasize a crucial need for novel therapeutic targets. To this aim, we used an inhibitor of the eCB producing enzyme DGL-?, DO34, and the CB1 inverse agonist, rimonabant, to evaluate the role of the primary eCB, 2-AG, in ASD. Adult male C57BL/6J mice were used in a series of behavioral paradigms which assessed social behavior, social communication, repetitive behaviors, anxiety and locomotor activity. DO34 and rimonabant increased anxiety-like behavior, while only DO34 induced hyperactivity, social deficits, and repetitive self-grooming behavior. These data indicate that reduced 2-AG bioavailability, or CB1 inhibition, each induce unique respective behavioral phenotypes relevant to neurodevelopmental disorders, particularly ASD. This suggests fundamental differences in CB1 signaling via 2-AG and the CB1 receptor itself, particularly for social behaviors, and that 2-AG signaling may represent a target for the development of novel therapeutics. LAY SUMMARY: Endocannabinoids play a critical role in the developing nervous system. Alterations in the endocannabinoid system are linked to neurodevelopmental disorders. Studies suggest these variants may play a critical role in the core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder. In this study, pharmacological inhibition of the primary endocannabinoid producing enzyme, DGL-?, induced a constellation of deficits in behavioral domains associated with autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2520 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449 [article] Pharmacological inhibition of the primary endocannabinoid producing enzyme, DGL-?, induces autism spectrum disorder-like and co-morbid phenotypes in adult C57BL/J mice [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / W. FYKE, Auteur ; J. M. ALARCON, Auteur ; M. VELINOV, Auteur ; Kathryn K. CHADMAN, Auteur . - p.1375-1389. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-7 (July 2021) . - p.1375-1389 Mots-clés : Animals  Anxiety  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Disease Models, Animal  Endocannabinoids  Male  Mice  Mice, Inbred C57BL  Phenotype  Dgl-?  autism spectrum disorders  mouse models  neurodevelopmental disorders Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Accumulating evidence links dysfunction in the endocannabinoid system (ECS) with the pathology of neurodevelopmental disorders, particularly autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Variants in ECS genes CNR1 and DAGLA are associated with neurological phenotypes in humans. The endocannabinoids (eCBs), 2-AG and AEA, which act at the primary cannabinoid receptor (CB1), mediate behaviors relevant to neurodevelopmental disorders. The overlap between these eCBs is poorly understood. Most ECS studies have focused on stress responses, anxiety, and epilepsy, however, its role in social behavior and communication has only recently come under investigation. This represents a critical gap in our understanding of the ECS and its relationship to ASD. Furthermore, the increasing prevalence of ASD and a lack of therapeutics emphasize a crucial need for novel therapeutic targets. To this aim, we used an inhibitor of the eCB producing enzyme DGL-?, DO34, and the CB1 inverse agonist, rimonabant, to evaluate the role of the primary eCB, 2-AG, in ASD. Adult male C57BL/6J mice were used in a series of behavioral paradigms which assessed social behavior, social communication, repetitive behaviors, anxiety and locomotor activity. DO34 and rimonabant increased anxiety-like behavior, while only DO34 induced hyperactivity, social deficits, and repetitive self-grooming behavior. These data indicate that reduced 2-AG bioavailability, or CB1 inhibition, each induce unique respective behavioral phenotypes relevant to neurodevelopmental disorders, particularly ASD. This suggests fundamental differences in CB1 signaling via 2-AG and the CB1 receptor itself, particularly for social behaviors, and that 2-AG signaling may represent a target for the development of novel therapeutics. LAY SUMMARY: Endocannabinoids play a critical role in the developing nervous system. Alterations in the endocannabinoid system are linked to neurodevelopmental disorders. Studies suggest these variants may play a critical role in the core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder. In this study, pharmacological inhibition of the primary endocannabinoid producing enzyme, DGL-?, induced a constellation of deficits in behavioral domains associated with autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2520 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449

Association between spectral electroencephalography power and autism risk and diagnosis in early development / S. HUBERTY in Autism Research, 14-7 (July 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-7 (July 2021) . - p.1390-1403 Titre : Association between spectral electroencephalography power and autism risk and diagnosis in early development Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : S. HUBERTY, Auteur ; Virginia CARTER LENO, Auteur ; S. J. R. VAN NOORDT, Auteur ; Rachael BEDFORD, Auteur ; A. PICKLES, Auteur ; James A. DESJARDINS, Auteur ; S. J. WEBB, Auteur ; M. ELSABBAGH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1390-1403 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis  Autistic Disorder  Brain  Child, Preschool  Electroencephalography  Humans  Infant  Siblings  Eeg  autism spectrum disorders  infants  siblings Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has its origins in the atypical development of brain networks. Infants who are at high familial risk for, and later diagnosed with ASD, show atypical activity in multiple electroencephalography (EEG) oscillatory measures. However, infant-sibling studies are often constrained by small sample sizes. We used the International Infant EEG Data Integration Platform, a multi-site dataset with 432 participants, including 222 at high-risk for ASD, from whom repeated measurements of EEG were collected between the ages of 3-36?months. We applied a latent growth curve model to test whether familial risk status predicts developmental trajectories of spectral power across the first 3?years of life, and whether these trajectories predict ASD outcome. Change in spectral EEG power in all frequency bands occurred during the first 3?years of life. Familial risk, but not a later diagnosis of ASD, was associated with reduced power at 3?months, and a steeper developmental change between 3 and 36?months in nearly all absolute power bands. ASD outcome was not associated with absolute power intercept or slope. No associations were found between risk or outcome and relative power. This study applied an analytic approach not used in previous prospective biomarker studies of ASD, which was modeled to reflect the temporal relationship between genetic susceptibility, brain development, and ASD diagnosis. Trajectories of spectral power appear to be predicted by familial risk; however, spectral power does not predict diagnostic outcome above and beyond familial risk status. Discrepancies between current results and previous studies are discussed. LAY SUMMARY: Infants with an older sibling who is diagnosed with ASD are at increased risk of developing ASD themselves. This article tested whether EEG spectral power in the first year of life can predict whether these infants did or did not develop ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2518 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449 [article] Association between spectral electroencephalography power and autism risk and diagnosis in early development [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / S. HUBERTY, Auteur ; Virginia CARTER LENO, Auteur ; S. J. R. VAN NOORDT, Auteur ; Rachael BEDFORD, Auteur ; A. PICKLES, Auteur ; James A. DESJARDINS, Auteur ; S. J. WEBB, Auteur ; M. ELSABBAGH, Auteur . - p.1390-1403. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-7 (July 2021) . - p.1390-1403 Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis  Autistic Disorder  Brain  Child, Preschool  Electroencephalography  Humans  Infant  Siblings  Eeg  autism spectrum disorders  infants  siblings Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has its origins in the atypical development of brain networks. Infants who are at high familial risk for, and later diagnosed with ASD, show atypical activity in multiple electroencephalography (EEG) oscillatory measures. However, infant-sibling studies are often constrained by small sample sizes. We used the International Infant EEG Data Integration Platform, a multi-site dataset with 432 participants, including 222 at high-risk for ASD, from whom repeated measurements of EEG were collected between the ages of 3-36?months. We applied a latent growth curve model to test whether familial risk status predicts developmental trajectories of spectral power across the first 3?years of life, and whether these trajectories predict ASD outcome. Change in spectral EEG power in all frequency bands occurred during the first 3?years of life. Familial risk, but not a later diagnosis of ASD, was associated with reduced power at 3?months, and a steeper developmental change between 3 and 36?months in nearly all absolute power bands. ASD outcome was not associated with absolute power intercept or slope. No associations were found between risk or outcome and relative power. This study applied an analytic approach not used in previous prospective biomarker studies of ASD, which was modeled to reflect the temporal relationship between genetic susceptibility, brain development, and ASD diagnosis. Trajectories of spectral power appear to be predicted by familial risk; however, spectral power does not predict diagnostic outcome above and beyond familial risk status. Discrepancies between current results and previous studies are discussed. LAY SUMMARY: Infants with an older sibling who is diagnosed with ASD are at increased risk of developing ASD themselves. This article tested whether EEG spectral power in the first year of life can predict whether these infants did or did not develop ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2518 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449

Investigating automatic emotion processing in boys with autism via eye tracking and facial mimicry recordings / S. VAN DER DONCK in Autism Research, 14-7 (July 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-7 (July 2021) . - p.1404-1420 Titre : Investigating automatic emotion processing in boys with autism via eye tracking and facial mimicry recordings Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : S. VAN DER DONCK, Auteur ; S. VETTORI, Auteur ; M. DZHELYOVA, Auteur ; S. S. MAHDI, Auteur ; P. CLAES, Auteur ; J. STEYAERT, Auteur ; Bart BOETS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1404-1420 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications  Autistic Disorder/complications  Child  Emotions  Eye-Tracking Technology  Facial Expression  Facial Recognition  Humans  Male  autism spectrum disorder  emotion processing  eye tracking  facial expression recognition  facial mimicry Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Difficulties in automatic emotion processing in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) might remain concealed in behavioral studies due to compensatory strategies. To gain more insight in the mechanisms underlying facial emotion recognition, we recorded eye tracking and facial mimicry data of 20 school-aged boys with ASD and 20 matched typically developing controls while performing an explicit emotion recognition task. Proportional looking times to specific face regions (eyes, nose, and mouth) and face exploration dynamics were analyzed. In addition, facial mimicry was assessed. Boys with ASD and controls were equally capable to recognize expressions and did not differ in proportional looking times, and number and duration of fixations. Yet, specific facial expressions elicited particular gaze patterns, especially within the control group. Both groups showed similar face scanning dynamics, although boys with ASD demonstrated smaller saccadic amplitudes. Regarding the facial mimicry, we found no emotion specific facial responses and no group differences in the responses to the displayed facial expressions. Our results indicate that boys with and without ASD employ similar eye gaze strategies to recognize facial expressions. Smaller saccadic amplitudes in boys with ASD might indicate a less exploratory face processing strategy. Yet, this slightly more persistent visual scanning behavior in boys with ASD does not imply less efficient emotion information processing, given the similar behavioral performance. Results on the facial mimicry data indicate similar facial responses to emotional faces in boys with and without ASD. LAY SUMMARY: We investigated (i) whether boys with and without autism apply different face exploration strategies when recognizing facial expressions and (ii) whether they mimic the displayed facial expression to a similar extent. We found that boys with and without ASD recognize facial expressions equally well, and that both groups show similar facial reactions to the displayed facial emotions. Yet, boys with ASD visually explored the faces slightly less than the boys without ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2490 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449 [article] Investigating automatic emotion processing in boys with autism via eye tracking and facial mimicry recordings [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / S. VAN DER DONCK, Auteur ; S. VETTORI, Auteur ; M. DZHELYOVA, Auteur ; S. S. MAHDI, Auteur ; P. CLAES, Auteur ; J. STEYAERT, Auteur ; Bart BOETS, Auteur . - p.1404-1420. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-7 (July 2021) . - p.1404-1420 Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications  Autistic Disorder/complications  Child  Emotions  Eye-Tracking Technology  Facial Expression  Facial Recognition  Humans  Male  autism spectrum disorder  emotion processing  eye tracking  facial expression recognition  facial mimicry Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Difficulties in automatic emotion processing in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) might remain concealed in behavioral studies due to compensatory strategies. To gain more insight in the mechanisms underlying facial emotion recognition, we recorded eye tracking and facial mimicry data of 20 school-aged boys with ASD and 20 matched typically developing controls while performing an explicit emotion recognition task. Proportional looking times to specific face regions (eyes, nose, and mouth) and face exploration dynamics were analyzed. In addition, facial mimicry was assessed. Boys with ASD and controls were equally capable to recognize expressions and did not differ in proportional looking times, and number and duration of fixations. Yet, specific facial expressions elicited particular gaze patterns, especially within the control group. Both groups showed similar face scanning dynamics, although boys with ASD demonstrated smaller saccadic amplitudes. Regarding the facial mimicry, we found no emotion specific facial responses and no group differences in the responses to the displayed facial expressions. Our results indicate that boys with and without ASD employ similar eye gaze strategies to recognize facial expressions. Smaller saccadic amplitudes in boys with ASD might indicate a less exploratory face processing strategy. Yet, this slightly more persistent visual scanning behavior in boys with ASD does not imply less efficient emotion information processing, given the similar behavioral performance. Results on the facial mimicry data indicate similar facial responses to emotional faces in boys with and without ASD. LAY SUMMARY: We investigated (i) whether boys with and without autism apply different face exploration strategies when recognizing facial expressions and (ii) whether they mimic the displayed facial expression to a similar extent. We found that boys with and without ASD recognize facial expressions equally well, and that both groups show similar facial reactions to the displayed facial emotions. Yet, boys with ASD visually explored the faces slightly less than the boys without ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2490 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449

Early developmental trajectories of expressive vocabulary and gesture production in a longitudinal cohort of Italian infants at high-risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder / V. RIVA in Autism Research, 14-7 (July 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-7 (July 2021) . - p.1421-1433 Titre : Early developmental trajectories of expressive vocabulary and gesture production in a longitudinal cohort of Italian infants at high-risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : V. RIVA, Auteur ; A. CARUSO, Auteur ; Fabio APICELLA, Auteur ; G. VALERI, Auteur ; S. VICARI, Auteur ; M. MOLTENI, Auteur ; M. L. SCATTONI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1421-1433 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder  Child  Gestures  Humans  Infant  Italy  Language Development Disorders  Vocabulary  developmental trajectory  expressive language  gesture  infant sibling Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Delays in language are a hallmark feature of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). However, little is known about the predictive role of language developmental trajectories on ASD. The present study aimed at identifying early different language developmental profiles of infants at high familial risk for ASD (HR-ASD) and testing their predictive role on ASD symptoms at 2?years. The role of gestures on socio-communicative skills has also been explored. Trajectories of expressive vocabulary were investigated in 137 HR-ASD infants at 12, 18, and, 24?months of age. Parents were requested to complete the Italian version of the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory and ASD symptoms were measured by ADOS-2. Latent class growth analysis defined four trajectories: above average language development group (above-average LD, 18.2%), normal language development group (NLD, 38.7%), late-onset language development group (late-onset LD, 11.7%), and a group of children with stable language delay (SLD, 31.4%). Results showed that the SLD group obtained higher communicative difficulties and restricted/repetitive behavior compared to the other groups. Examining early increase of produced gestures in the different language classes, we found fewer produced gestures between 12 and 18?months in the SLD group compared to the late-onset LD group. The results identified clusters of HR infants who follow similar estimated trajectories based on individual differences in language development. These patterns of early language acquisition, together with produced gestures, may be predictive of later ASD symptoms and useful for planning prompt intervention. LAY SUMMARY: Language/gesture deficits are hallmark features of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), but the predictive role of communicative trajectories on ASD remains unclear. In a longitudinal Italian sample of infants at high familial risk for ASD (HR-ASD), we tested if language trajectories and their link with gestures can predict ASD symptoms. We found four trajectories and HR infants with a stable language delay (SLD) trajectory showed more ASD symptoms later on. SLD infants produced fewer gestures compared to late-onset language development group that show more typical communicative skills. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2493 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449 [article] Early developmental trajectories of expressive vocabulary and gesture production in a longitudinal cohort of Italian infants at high-risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / V. RIVA, Auteur ; A. CARUSO, Auteur ; Fabio APICELLA, Auteur ; G. VALERI, Auteur ; S. VICARI, Auteur ; M. MOLTENI, Auteur ; M. L. SCATTONI, Auteur . - p.1421-1433. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-7 (July 2021) . - p.1421-1433 Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder  Child  Gestures  Humans  Infant  Italy  Language Development Disorders  Vocabulary  developmental trajectory  expressive language  gesture  infant sibling Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Delays in language are a hallmark feature of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). However, little is known about the predictive role of language developmental trajectories on ASD. The present study aimed at identifying early different language developmental profiles of infants at high familial risk for ASD (HR-ASD) and testing their predictive role on ASD symptoms at 2?years. The role of gestures on socio-communicative skills has also been explored. Trajectories of expressive vocabulary were investigated in 137 HR-ASD infants at 12, 18, and, 24?months of age. Parents were requested to complete the Italian version of the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory and ASD symptoms were measured by ADOS-2. Latent class growth analysis defined four trajectories: above average language development group (above-average LD, 18.2%), normal language development group (NLD, 38.7%), late-onset language development group (late-onset LD, 11.7%), and a group of children with stable language delay (SLD, 31.4%). Results showed that the SLD group obtained higher communicative difficulties and restricted/repetitive behavior compared to the other groups. Examining early increase of produced gestures in the different language classes, we found fewer produced gestures between 12 and 18?months in the SLD group compared to the late-onset LD group. The results identified clusters of HR infants who follow similar estimated trajectories based on individual differences in language development. These patterns of early language acquisition, together with produced gestures, may be predictive of later ASD symptoms and useful for planning prompt intervention. LAY SUMMARY: Language/gesture deficits are hallmark features of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), but the predictive role of communicative trajectories on ASD remains unclear. In a longitudinal Italian sample of infants at high familial risk for ASD (HR-ASD), we tested if language trajectories and their link with gestures can predict ASD symptoms. We found four trajectories and HR infants with a stable language delay (SLD) trajectory showed more ASD symptoms later on. SLD infants produced fewer gestures compared to late-onset language development group that show more typical communicative skills. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2493 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449

Eating disturbances in adults with autism spectrum disorder without intellectual disabilities / B. DEMARTINI in Autism Research, 14-7 (July 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-7 (July 2021) . - p.1434-1443 Titre : Eating disturbances in adults with autism spectrum disorder without intellectual disabilities Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : B. DEMARTINI, Auteur ; V. NISTICÒ, Auteur ; V. BERTINO, Auteur ; R. TEDESCO, Auteur ; R. FAGGIOLI, Auteur ; A. PRIORI, Auteur ; O. GAMBINI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1434-1443 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications/epidemiology  Humans  Intellectual Disability/complications/epidemiology  Prevalence  Self-Control  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Sweaa  body image  eating disorders  eating problems  intellectual disabilities Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : There is a growing interest in the relationship between autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and eating disorders (EDs), two relatively common conditions lying on a spectrum from mild to severe clinical features. However, only limited data are available about pathological eating behaviors throughout adults on the autistic spectrum. The aim of the present study is to assess dysfunctional eating behaviors, including EDs manifestations and ASDs-related eating disturbances, in a population of adults with ASDs without intellectual disabilities. We recruited 106 adults on the autistic spectrum, without intellectual disability and 103 neurotypical adults (NAs). Participants completed the "Eating Attitude Test" (EAT-26), to measure symptoms and concerns characteristic of EDs, and the "Swedish Eating Assessment for Autism Spectrum Disorders" (SWEAA), to assess eating behaviors frequently observed within the autistic spectrum. Participants with ASDs scored significantly higher than NA at the EAT-26 and at the SWEAA. Moreover, participants with ASDs scored higher than NA at the EAT-26 subscales Dieting and Bulimia. The difference between groups remained significant after controlling for the effect of age, biological sex, and BMI. These results suggest that adults with ASDs without intellectual disability presented not only a higher prevalence of eating disturbances typical of the autistic spectrum, but also other symptoms of EDs in comparison to NA. LAY SUMMARY: For both scales assessing eating disturbances (EAT-26 and SWEAA), participants with ASDs scored higher than NA, presenting a higher prevalence both of eating disturbances typical of ASDs and of ED symptoms (distorted body image, tendency toward bulimic behaviors, and self-control of eating). En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2500 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449 [article] Eating disturbances in adults with autism spectrum disorder without intellectual disabilities [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / B. DEMARTINI, Auteur ; V. NISTICÒ, Auteur ; V. BERTINO, Auteur ; R. TEDESCO, Auteur ; R. FAGGIOLI, Auteur ; A. PRIORI, Auteur ; O. GAMBINI, Auteur . - p.1434-1443. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-7 (July 2021) . - p.1434-1443 Mots-clés : Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications/epidemiology  Humans  Intellectual Disability/complications/epidemiology  Prevalence  Self-Control  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Sweaa  body image  eating disorders  eating problems  intellectual disabilities Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : There is a growing interest in the relationship between autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and eating disorders (EDs), two relatively common conditions lying on a spectrum from mild to severe clinical features. However, only limited data are available about pathological eating behaviors throughout adults on the autistic spectrum. The aim of the present study is to assess dysfunctional eating behaviors, including EDs manifestations and ASDs-related eating disturbances, in a population of adults with ASDs without intellectual disabilities. We recruited 106 adults on the autistic spectrum, without intellectual disability and 103 neurotypical adults (NAs). Participants completed the "Eating Attitude Test" (EAT-26), to measure symptoms and concerns characteristic of EDs, and the "Swedish Eating Assessment for Autism Spectrum Disorders" (SWEAA), to assess eating behaviors frequently observed within the autistic spectrum. Participants with ASDs scored significantly higher than NA at the EAT-26 and at the SWEAA. Moreover, participants with ASDs scored higher than NA at the EAT-26 subscales Dieting and Bulimia. The difference between groups remained significant after controlling for the effect of age, biological sex, and BMI. These results suggest that adults with ASDs without intellectual disability presented not only a higher prevalence of eating disturbances typical of the autistic spectrum, but also other symptoms of EDs in comparison to NA. LAY SUMMARY: For both scales assessing eating disturbances (EAT-26 and SWEAA), participants with ASDs scored higher than NA, presenting a higher prevalence both of eating disturbances typical of ASDs and of ED symptoms (distorted body image, tendency toward bulimic behaviors, and self-control of eating). En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2500 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449

Predictors of adaptive functioning in preschool aged children with autism spectrum disorder / M. A. HODGE in Autism Research, 14-7 (July 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-7 (July 2021) . - p.1444-1455 Titre : Predictors of adaptive functioning in preschool aged children with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : M. A. HODGE, Auteur ; Kelsie A. BOULTON, Auteur ; R. SUTHERLAND, Auteur ; D. BARNETT, Auteur ; B. BENNETT, Auteur ; Esther W. CHAN, Auteur ; J. CRAMSIE, Auteur ; S. DREVENSEK, Auteur ; V. EAPEN, Auteur ; K. GANESALINGAM, Auteur ; A. MASI, Auteur ; N. ONG, Auteur ; M. WILLIAMSZ, Auteur ; A. J. GUASTELLA, Auteur ; N. SILOVE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1444-1455 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications  Autistic Disorder  Child  Child, Preschool  Cognition  Humans  Motivation  Social Skills  adaptive functioning  autism spectrum disorder  children  cognitive function  preschool  socioeconomic status  symptom severity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Difficulties in adaptive functioning are common in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and contribute to negative outcomes across the lifespan. Research indicates that cognitive ability is related to degree of adaptive functioning impairments, particularly in young children with ASD. However, the extent to which other factors, such as socioeconomic status (SES) and ASD symptom severity, predict impairments in adaptive functioning remains unclear. The goal of this study was to determine the extent to which SES, ASD symptom severity, and cognitive ability contribute to variability in domain-specific and global components of adaptive functioning in preschool-aged children with ASD. Participants were 99 preschool-aged children (2-6?years) with ASD who attended a tertiary diagnostic service. Results demonstrate that cognitive ability accounted for a significant proportion of variance in domain-specific and global components of adaptive functioning, with higher cognitive ability predicting better adaptive functioning. Results also demonstrate that SES accounted for some variability in domain-specific communication skills and global adaptive functioning when compared to basic demographic factors alone (age and gender). By contrast, ASD symptom severity did not predict variability in domain-specific or global components of adaptive functioning. These findings provide support for a relationship between cognitive ability and adaptive functioning in preschool-aged children with ASD and help to explain specific contributions of verbal and nonverbal ability to adaptive functioning; from this, we can better understand which children are likely to show the greatest degree of impairments across components of adaptive functioning early in development. LAY SUMMARY: People with autism often have difficulties with everyday communication, daily living, and social skills, which are also called adaptive functioning skills. This study investigated factors that might be related to these difficulties in preschoolers with autism. We found that better cognitive ability, but not autism symptoms, were associated with better adaptive functioning. This suggests that interventions for young children with autism should take into account cognitive ability to better understand which children are likely to have difficulties with adaptive functioning. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2501 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449 [article] Predictors of adaptive functioning in preschool aged children with autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / M. A. HODGE, Auteur ; Kelsie A. BOULTON, Auteur ; R. SUTHERLAND, Auteur ; D. BARNETT, Auteur ; B. BENNETT, Auteur ; Esther W. CHAN, Auteur ; J. CRAMSIE, Auteur ; S. DREVENSEK, Auteur ; V. EAPEN, Auteur ; K. GANESALINGAM, Auteur ; A. MASI, Auteur ; N. ONG, Auteur ; M. WILLIAMSZ, Auteur ; A. J. GUASTELLA, Auteur ; N. SILOVE, Auteur . - p.1444-1455. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-7 (July 2021) . - p.1444-1455 Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications  Autistic Disorder  Child  Child, Preschool  Cognition  Humans  Motivation  Social Skills  adaptive functioning  autism spectrum disorder  children  cognitive function  preschool  socioeconomic status  symptom severity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Difficulties in adaptive functioning are common in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and contribute to negative outcomes across the lifespan. Research indicates that cognitive ability is related to degree of adaptive functioning impairments, particularly in young children with ASD. However, the extent to which other factors, such as socioeconomic status (SES) and ASD symptom severity, predict impairments in adaptive functioning remains unclear. The goal of this study was to determine the extent to which SES, ASD symptom severity, and cognitive ability contribute to variability in domain-specific and global components of adaptive functioning in preschool-aged children with ASD. Participants were 99 preschool-aged children (2-6?years) with ASD who attended a tertiary diagnostic service. Results demonstrate that cognitive ability accounted for a significant proportion of variance in domain-specific and global components of adaptive functioning, with higher cognitive ability predicting better adaptive functioning. Results also demonstrate that SES accounted for some variability in domain-specific communication skills and global adaptive functioning when compared to basic demographic factors alone (age and gender). By contrast, ASD symptom severity did not predict variability in domain-specific or global components of adaptive functioning. These findings provide support for a relationship between cognitive ability and adaptive functioning in preschool-aged children with ASD and help to explain specific contributions of verbal and nonverbal ability to adaptive functioning; from this, we can better understand which children are likely to show the greatest degree of impairments across components of adaptive functioning early in development. LAY SUMMARY: People with autism often have difficulties with everyday communication, daily living, and social skills, which are also called adaptive functioning skills. This study investigated factors that might be related to these difficulties in preschoolers with autism. We found that better cognitive ability, but not autism symptoms, were associated with better adaptive functioning. This suggests that interventions for young children with autism should take into account cognitive ability to better understand which children are likely to have difficulties with adaptive functioning. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2501 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449

Age differences in broader autism phenotype traits from young adulthood to older adulthood / W. J. CHOPIK in Autism Research, 14-7 (July 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-7 (July 2021) . - p.1456-1471 Titre : Age differences in broader autism phenotype traits from young adulthood to older adulthood Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : W. J. CHOPIK, Auteur ; J. OH, Auteur ; A. K. NUTTALL, Auteur ; K. N. THAKKAR, Auteur ; Brooke R. INGERSOLL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1456-1471 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult  Aged  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder  Cross-Sectional Studies  Female  Humans  Male  Middle Aged  Phenotype  Surveys and Questionnaires  Young Adult  age differences  autism spectrum disorders  broader autism phenotype  lifespan development  personality Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Much of past research has been dedicated to refining the operationalization and correlates of the broader autism phenotype (BAP) and less on how the BAP differs by socio-demographic characteristics, like age-particularly after midlife. This gap is important because other nonclinical trait-like characteristics (e.g., personality) have shown considerable age differences, leading to work assessing the malleability of psychological characteristics and improving outcomes for individuals and their significant others. In the current study, we examined cross-sectional age differences in the BAP in a large sample of adults ranging in age from 18 to 85. We recruited a sample of 2966 adults ranging in age from 18 to 85 (M(age) = 36.53, SD = 12.61; 58.9% Female; 1.1% with an ASD diagnosis) recruited from an online survey service. We found that total BAP scores were higher in younger adults and lower among older adults. These differences were particularly true for pragmatic language difficulties, with this component of the BAP showing the most dramatic age differences. Aloofness showed similar negative associations with age, albeit much smaller. Rigidity was not significantly associated with age. The results are consistent with other research showing an abatement of symptoms among individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) across early life and theories predicting changes in other psychological characteristics (e.g., personality). The results are discussed in the context of the malleability of ASD and BAP traits across life, the clinical implications of these changes, and the origins and consequences for lifespan differences in BAP. LAY SUMMARY: Little is known about how subclinical autistic-like traits among middle-aged and older adults compare to younger adults. We found that these subclinical traits were highest in young adults and lowest in older adults. Knowing how these traits differ by age can provide researchers and clinicians with a sense of how much these traits might change across life, if the traits might be sensitive to interventions, and when in development it might be best to intervene. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2504 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449 [article] Age differences in broader autism phenotype traits from young adulthood to older adulthood [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / W. J. CHOPIK, Auteur ; J. OH, Auteur ; A. K. NUTTALL, Auteur ; K. N. THAKKAR, Auteur ; Brooke R. INGERSOLL, Auteur . - p.1456-1471. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-7 (July 2021) . - p.1456-1471 Mots-clés : Adult  Aged  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder  Cross-Sectional Studies  Female  Humans  Male  Middle Aged  Phenotype  Surveys and Questionnaires  Young Adult  age differences  autism spectrum disorders  broader autism phenotype  lifespan development  personality Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Much of past research has been dedicated to refining the operationalization and correlates of the broader autism phenotype (BAP) and less on how the BAP differs by socio-demographic characteristics, like age-particularly after midlife. This gap is important because other nonclinical trait-like characteristics (e.g., personality) have shown considerable age differences, leading to work assessing the malleability of psychological characteristics and improving outcomes for individuals and their significant others. In the current study, we examined cross-sectional age differences in the BAP in a large sample of adults ranging in age from 18 to 85. We recruited a sample of 2966 adults ranging in age from 18 to 85 (M(age) = 36.53, SD = 12.61; 58.9% Female; 1.1% with an ASD diagnosis) recruited from an online survey service. We found that total BAP scores were higher in younger adults and lower among older adults. These differences were particularly true for pragmatic language difficulties, with this component of the BAP showing the most dramatic age differences. Aloofness showed similar negative associations with age, albeit much smaller. Rigidity was not significantly associated with age. The results are consistent with other research showing an abatement of symptoms among individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) across early life and theories predicting changes in other psychological characteristics (e.g., personality). The results are discussed in the context of the malleability of ASD and BAP traits across life, the clinical implications of these changes, and the origins and consequences for lifespan differences in BAP. LAY SUMMARY: Little is known about how subclinical autistic-like traits among middle-aged and older adults compare to younger adults. We found that these subclinical traits were highest in young adults and lowest in older adults. Knowing how these traits differ by age can provide researchers and clinicians with a sense of how much these traits might change across life, if the traits might be sensitive to interventions, and when in development it might be best to intervene. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2504 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449

Short caregiver interview and play observation for early screening of autism spectrum disorder: Behavior development screening for toddlers (BeDevel) / Guiyoung BONG in Autism Research, 14-7 (July 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-7 (July 2021) . - p.1472-1483 Titre : Short caregiver interview and play observation for early screening of autism spectrum disorder: Behavior development screening for toddlers (BeDevel) Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Guiyoung BONG, Auteur ; S. Y. KIM, Auteur ; D. Y. SONG, Auteur ; J. H. KIM, Auteur ; Y. HONG, Auteur ; N. H. YOON, Auteur ; H. SUNWOO, Auteur ; J. Y. JANG, Auteur ; M. OH, Auteur ; J. M. KIM, Auteur ; K. S. LEE, Auteur ; S. JUNG, Auteur ; C. W. CHOI, Auteur ; J. S. RYU, Auteur ; H. J. YOO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1472-1483 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis  Autistic Disorder  Caregivers  Child  Child, Preschool  Humans  Infant  Male  Mass Screening  Reproducibility of Results  autism spectrum disorder  early detection  screening  social referencing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study validates behavior development screening for toddlers (BeDevel), which utilizes a combination of short caregiver interviews (BeDevel-I) and semistructured play observations (BeDevel-P). The data of 431 toddlers (male 66.2%; mean age (SD) = 29.11 (8.59) months; ASD, n = 201; developmental delay, n = 46; typically developing, n = 184), aged 18?~?42?months, were included in the validation of BeDevel. The best clinical estimate diagnosis, screening rate, validity, sensitivity, and reliability of BeDevel were determined based on data cross-sectionally collected using BeDevel and existing diagnostic/screening instruments: autism diagnostic observation schedule (ADOS), autism diagnostic interview (ADI-R), Vineland adaptive behavior scales-II (VABS-II), social response scales (SRS), sequenced language scale for infants (SELSI), Korean childhood autism rating scale (K-CARS), and Korean social communication questionnaire (K-SCQ). The k values of BeDevel-I and BeDevel-P were 0.055?~?0.732 and 0.291?~?0.752, respectively. Items related to social referencing in BeDevel-P had a particularly high diagnostic validity (k = 0.483?~?0.684). Reliabilities of BeDevel-I and BeDevel-P were sufficient (Cronbach's alpha = 0.86?~?0.88 and 0.92?~?0.95, respectively). BeDevel-I and BeDevel-P showed high sensitivity (BeDevel-I: 85.00?~?89.29%; BeDevel-P: 85.00?~?91.75%), specificity (BeDevel-I: 77.55?~?89.55%; BeDevel-P: 85.09?~?97.01%), PPV (BeDevel-I: 70.83?~?88.54%; BeDevel-P: 81.52?~?94.68%), and NPV (BeDevel-I: 76.00?~?95.24%; BeDevel-P: 84.62?~?95.45%). The agreement between the composite BeDevel score and ADOS, ADI-R, K-CARS, and K-SCQ was >67.6% (range = 67.6?~?90.8%). Combining a short caregiver interview and direct play observation is a valid and reliable screening process. More studies on social referencing as an important early marker are needed. BeDevel can be utilized as a secondary screening instrument before diagnostic confirmation in clinical and community settings. LAY SUMMARY: BeDevel, which consists of a short caregiver interview and direct play observation, is a valid and reliable screening instrument for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We suggest that BeDevel can be utilized as a secondary instrument before administering diagnostic assessments in clinical and community settings. More studies examining social referencing as a potential behavioral marker of ASD are needed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2510 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449 [article] Short caregiver interview and play observation for early screening of autism spectrum disorder: Behavior development screening for toddlers (BeDevel) [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Guiyoung BONG, Auteur ; S. Y. KIM, Auteur ; D. Y. SONG, Auteur ; J. H. KIM, Auteur ; Y. HONG, Auteur ; N. H. YOON, Auteur ; H. SUNWOO, Auteur ; J. Y. JANG, Auteur ; M. OH, Auteur ; J. M. KIM, Auteur ; K. S. LEE, Auteur ; S. JUNG, Auteur ; C. W. CHOI, Auteur ; J. S. RYU, Auteur ; H. J. YOO, Auteur . - p.1472-1483. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-7 (July 2021) . - p.1472-1483 Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis  Autistic Disorder  Caregivers  Child  Child, Preschool  Humans  Infant  Male  Mass Screening  Reproducibility of Results  autism spectrum disorder  early detection  screening  social referencing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study validates behavior development screening for toddlers (BeDevel), which utilizes a combination of short caregiver interviews (BeDevel-I) and semistructured play observations (BeDevel-P). The data of 431 toddlers (male 66.2%; mean age (SD) = 29.11 (8.59) months; ASD, n = 201; developmental delay, n = 46; typically developing, n = 184), aged 18?~?42?months, were included in the validation of BeDevel. The best clinical estimate diagnosis, screening rate, validity, sensitivity, and reliability of BeDevel were determined based on data cross-sectionally collected using BeDevel and existing diagnostic/screening instruments: autism diagnostic observation schedule (ADOS), autism diagnostic interview (ADI-R), Vineland adaptive behavior scales-II (VABS-II), social response scales (SRS), sequenced language scale for infants (SELSI), Korean childhood autism rating scale (K-CARS), and Korean social communication questionnaire (K-SCQ). The k values of BeDevel-I and BeDevel-P were 0.055?~?0.732 and 0.291?~?0.752, respectively. Items related to social referencing in BeDevel-P had a particularly high diagnostic validity (k = 0.483?~?0.684). Reliabilities of BeDevel-I and BeDevel-P were sufficient (Cronbach's alpha = 0.86?~?0.88 and 0.92?~?0.95, respectively). BeDevel-I and BeDevel-P showed high sensitivity (BeDevel-I: 85.00?~?89.29%; BeDevel-P: 85.00?~?91.75%), specificity (BeDevel-I: 77.55?~?89.55%; BeDevel-P: 85.09?~?97.01%), PPV (BeDevel-I: 70.83?~?88.54%; BeDevel-P: 81.52?~?94.68%), and NPV (BeDevel-I: 76.00?~?95.24%; BeDevel-P: 84.62?~?95.45%). The agreement between the composite BeDevel score and ADOS, ADI-R, K-CARS, and K-SCQ was >67.6% (range = 67.6?~?90.8%). Combining a short caregiver interview and direct play observation is a valid and reliable screening process. More studies on social referencing as an important early marker are needed. BeDevel can be utilized as a secondary screening instrument before diagnostic confirmation in clinical and community settings. LAY SUMMARY: BeDevel, which consists of a short caregiver interview and direct play observation, is a valid and reliable screening instrument for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We suggest that BeDevel can be utilized as a secondary instrument before administering diagnostic assessments in clinical and community settings. More studies examining social referencing as a potential behavioral marker of ASD are needed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2510 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449

Structural and contextual priors affect visual search in children with and without autism / S. VAN DE CRUYS in Autism Research, 14-7 (July 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-7 (July 2021) . - p.1484-1495 Titre : Structural and contextual priors affect visual search in children with and without autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : S. VAN DE CRUYS, Auteur ; L. LEMMENS, Auteur ; L. A. SAPEY-TRIOMPHE, Auteur ; A. CHETVERIKOV, Auteur ; I. NOENS, Auteur ; J. WAGEMANS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1484-1495 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder  Bayes Theorem  Child  Humans  Learning  Reaction Time  Visual Perception  Bayesian brain  ensemble perception  perceptual learning  predictive coding  summary statistics  visual search Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Bayesian predictive coding theories of autism spectrum disorder propose that impaired acquisition or a broader shape of prior probability distributions lies at the core of the condition. However, we still know very little about how probability distributions are learned and encoded by children, let alone children with autism. Here, we take advantage of a recently developed distribution learning paradigm to characterize how children with and without autism acquire information about probability distributions. Twenty-four autistic and 25-matched neurotypical children searched for an odd-one-out target among a set of distractor lines with orientations sampled from a Gaussian distribution repeated across multiple trials to allow for learning of the parameters (mean and variance) of the distribution. We could measure the width (variance) of the participant's encoded distribution by introducing a target-distractor role-reversal while varying the similarity between target and previous distractor mean. Both groups performed similarly on the visual search task and learned the distractor distribution to a similar extent. However, the variance learned was much broader than the one presented, consistent with less informative priors in children irrespective of autism diagnosis. These findings have important implications for Bayesian accounts of perception throughout development, and Bayesian accounts of autism specifically. LAY SUMMARY: Recent theories about the underlying cognitive mechanisms of autism propose that the way autistic individuals estimate variability or uncertainty in their perceptual environment may differ from how typical individuals do so. Children had to search an oddly tilted line in a set of lines pointing in different directions, and based on their response times we examined how they learned about the variability in a set of objects. We found that autistic children learn variability as well as typical children, but both groups learn with less precision than typical adults do on the same task. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2511 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449 [article] Structural and contextual priors affect visual search in children with and without autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / S. VAN DE CRUYS, Auteur ; L. LEMMENS, Auteur ; L. A. SAPEY-TRIOMPHE, Auteur ; A. CHETVERIKOV, Auteur ; I. NOENS, Auteur ; J. WAGEMANS, Auteur . - p.1484-1495. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-7 (July 2021) . - p.1484-1495 Mots-clés : Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder  Bayes Theorem  Child  Humans  Learning  Reaction Time  Visual Perception  Bayesian brain  ensemble perception  perceptual learning  predictive coding  summary statistics  visual search Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Bayesian predictive coding theories of autism spectrum disorder propose that impaired acquisition or a broader shape of prior probability distributions lies at the core of the condition. However, we still know very little about how probability distributions are learned and encoded by children, let alone children with autism. Here, we take advantage of a recently developed distribution learning paradigm to characterize how children with and without autism acquire information about probability distributions. Twenty-four autistic and 25-matched neurotypical children searched for an odd-one-out target among a set of distractor lines with orientations sampled from a Gaussian distribution repeated across multiple trials to allow for learning of the parameters (mean and variance) of the distribution. We could measure the width (variance) of the participant's encoded distribution by introducing a target-distractor role-reversal while varying the similarity between target and previous distractor mean. Both groups performed similarly on the visual search task and learned the distractor distribution to a similar extent. However, the variance learned was much broader than the one presented, consistent with less informative priors in children irrespective of autism diagnosis. These findings have important implications for Bayesian accounts of perception throughout development, and Bayesian accounts of autism specifically. LAY SUMMARY: Recent theories about the underlying cognitive mechanisms of autism propose that the way autistic individuals estimate variability or uncertainty in their perceptual environment may differ from how typical individuals do so. Children had to search an oddly tilted line in a set of lines pointing in different directions, and based on their response times we examined how they learned about the variability in a set of objects. We found that autistic children learn variability as well as typical children, but both groups learn with less precision than typical adults do on the same task. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2511 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449

The impact of COVID-19 on stress, anxiety, and coping in youth with and without autism and their parents / B. A. CORBETT in Autism Research, 14-7 (July 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-7 (July 2021) . - p.1496-1511 Titre : The impact of COVID-19 on stress, anxiety, and coping in youth with and without autism and their parents Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : B. A. CORBETT, Auteur ; R. A. MUSCATELLO, Auteur ; M. E. KLEMENCIC, Auteur ; Jessica M. SCHWARTZMAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1496-1511 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adaptation, Psychological  Adolescent  Adult  Anxiety/complications  Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications/epidemiology  Autistic Disorder  Covid-19  Humans  Pandemics  Parents  SARS-CoV-2  anxiety  autism  coping  stress Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In the wake of COVID-19, the world has become a more uncertain environment-a breeding ground for stress and anxiety, especially for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The study examined stress, anxiety, and coping in a data-driven, real-time assessment of 122 youth with and without ASD and their parents at the height of the COVID-19 shutdown and three-months later. Standardized measures were administered to ascertain stress and coping explicitly related to the pandemic (RSQ COVID-19-Child [self-report], Adult [self-report from the guardian of youth], Parent [report about child]) and anxiety (STAI-C, STAI-A). Multivariate, univariate analyses of variance and hierarchical regression were used. ASD youth endorsed more Trait anxiety and response to specific stressors (e.g., virus). Caregivers of youth with ASD (Adults) self-reported higher anxiety, yet scores were elevated for both groups. Adults of youth with ASD reported more stress, especially related to the virus, access to healthcare, and concern for the future. In the TD group, youth and adults used more Primary and Secondary Control Coping whereas ASD youth and adults used more Disengagement Coping. Adult stress was the primary predictor of parent perception of child stress as well as Child self-reported stress. While the ASD group was consistently high compared to the TD group, there were no significant changes over time for stress or anxiety. Results reveal striking differences in youth with ASD and their parents regarding stress, anxiety, and coping. Findings highlight the need for essential support, access to services, and strategies to enhance psychological and emotional well-being. LAY SUMMARY: This study examined stress, anxiety, and coping related to the COVID-19 pandemic in 61 youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and 61 youth with typical development (TD) and their parents. Results showed that ASD youth reported more anxiety and stress. Adults of youth with ASD indicated higher self-reported anxiety and stress than adults of TD youth. TD youth and their parents reported using more adaptive coping strategies. Findings highlight the need for strategies to enhance psychological and emotional well-being. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2521 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449 [article] The impact of COVID-19 on stress, anxiety, and coping in youth with and without autism and their parents [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / B. A. CORBETT, Auteur ; R. A. MUSCATELLO, Auteur ; M. E. KLEMENCIC, Auteur ; Jessica M. SCHWARTZMAN, Auteur . - p.1496-1511. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-7 (July 2021) . - p.1496-1511 Mots-clés : Adaptation, Psychological  Adolescent  Adult  Anxiety/complications  Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications/epidemiology  Autistic Disorder  Covid-19  Humans  Pandemics  Parents  SARS-CoV-2  anxiety  autism  coping  stress Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In the wake of COVID-19, the world has become a more uncertain environment-a breeding ground for stress and anxiety, especially for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The study examined stress, anxiety, and coping in a data-driven, real-time assessment of 122 youth with and without ASD and their parents at the height of the COVID-19 shutdown and three-months later. Standardized measures were administered to ascertain stress and coping explicitly related to the pandemic (RSQ COVID-19-Child [self-report], Adult [self-report from the guardian of youth], Parent [report about child]) and anxiety (STAI-C, STAI-A). Multivariate, univariate analyses of variance and hierarchical regression were used. ASD youth endorsed more Trait anxiety and response to specific stressors (e.g., virus). Caregivers of youth with ASD (Adults) self-reported higher anxiety, yet scores were elevated for both groups. Adults of youth with ASD reported more stress, especially related to the virus, access to healthcare, and concern for the future. In the TD group, youth and adults used more Primary and Secondary Control Coping whereas ASD youth and adults used more Disengagement Coping. Adult stress was the primary predictor of parent perception of child stress as well as Child self-reported stress. While the ASD group was consistently high compared to the TD group, there were no significant changes over time for stress or anxiety. Results reveal striking differences in youth with ASD and their parents regarding stress, anxiety, and coping. Findings highlight the need for essential support, access to services, and strategies to enhance psychological and emotional well-being. LAY SUMMARY: This study examined stress, anxiety, and coping related to the COVID-19 pandemic in 61 youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and 61 youth with typical development (TD) and their parents. Results showed that ASD youth reported more anxiety and stress. Adults of youth with ASD indicated higher self-reported anxiety and stress than adults of TD youth. TD youth and their parents reported using more adaptive coping strategies. Findings highlight the need for strategies to enhance psychological and emotional well-being. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2521 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449

Dietary intake and growth deficits in Rett syndrome-A cross-section study / L. C. WONG in Autism Research, 14-7 (July 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-7 (July 2021) . - p.1512-1521 Titre : Dietary intake and growth deficits in Rett syndrome-A cross-section study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : L. C. WONG, Auteur ; Y. T. CHEN, Auteur ; S. M. TSAI, Auteur ; Y. J. LIN, Auteur ; C. J. HSU, Auteur ; H. P. WANG, Auteur ; S. C. HU, Auteur ; H. Y. SHEN, Auteur ; W. C. TSAI, Auteur ; W. T. LEE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1512-1521 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder  Body Height  Eating  Humans  Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2/genetics  Mutation  Rett Syndrome/complications/genetics  Rett syndrome  clinical severity  dietary intakes  dystonia  growth deficit  nutrition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Growth deficit is a common comorbidity and one of the supportive criteria in Rett syndrome (RTT). This study aimed to investigate the impact of dystonia, dietary intakes, and clinical severities on growth patterns in a Taiwanese cohort of RTT. We recruited 44 RTT patients with MECP2 mutation for analysis. For individuals ?18?years of age, in comparison to the RTT-specific growth chart which comprised American RTT cohort, the body height was right-shifted to a higher percentile, whereas the body weight was left-shifted to a lower percentile. Furthermore, the body mass index was significantly decreased when compared to RTT-specific growth chart (p = 0.01). Higher degree of overall disease severity (odd ratio = 1.159; 95% CI = 1.063-1.264; p = 0.001) and hand use impairment (odd ratio = 2.017; 95% CI = 1.037, 3.921; p = 0.039) were associated with more severe growth patterns. All individuals had dystonia at certain variable degrees. The dystonia worsened with age (p? En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2508 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449 [article] Dietary intake and growth deficits in Rett syndrome-A cross-section study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / L. C. WONG, Auteur ; Y. T. CHEN, Auteur ; S. M. TSAI, Auteur ; Y. J. LIN, Auteur ; C. J. HSU, Auteur ; H. P. WANG, Auteur ; S. C. HU, Auteur ; H. Y. SHEN, Auteur ; W. C. TSAI, Auteur ; W. T. LEE, Auteur . - p.1512-1521. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-7 (July 2021) . - p.1512-1521 Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder  Body Height  Eating  Humans  Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2/genetics  Mutation  Rett Syndrome/complications/genetics  Rett syndrome  clinical severity  dietary intakes  dystonia  growth deficit  nutrition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Growth deficit is a common comorbidity and one of the supportive criteria in Rett syndrome (RTT). This study aimed to investigate the impact of dystonia, dietary intakes, and clinical severities on growth patterns in a Taiwanese cohort of RTT. We recruited 44 RTT patients with MECP2 mutation for analysis. For individuals ?18?years of age, in comparison to the RTT-specific growth chart which comprised American RTT cohort, the body height was right-shifted to a higher percentile, whereas the body weight was left-shifted to a lower percentile. Furthermore, the body mass index was significantly decreased when compared to RTT-specific growth chart (p = 0.01). Higher degree of overall disease severity (odd ratio = 1.159; 95% CI = 1.063-1.264; p = 0.001) and hand use impairment (odd ratio = 2.017; 95% CI = 1.037, 3.921; p = 0.039) were associated with more severe growth patterns. All individuals had dystonia at certain variable degrees. The dystonia worsened with age (p? En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2508 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449

Perceived helpfulness of depression treatments among young adults with autism / S. ZHENG in Autism Research, 14-7 (July 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-7 (July 2021) . - p.1522-1528 Titre : Perceived helpfulness of depression treatments among young adults with autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : S. ZHENG, Auteur ; Julie LOUNDS TAYLOR, Auteur ; R. ADAMS, Auteur ; F. PEZZIMENTI, Auteur ; Somer L. BISHOP, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1522-1528 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications/therapy  Autistic Disorder  Depression/complications/therapy  Educational Status  Female  Humans  Male  Surveys and Questionnaires  Young Adult  depressive symptoms  individual therapy  measure  medication  treatment helpfulness Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Currently available treatments for depression show limited effectiveness in adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) based on measures of symptom changes and clinician impressions. Perceived helpfulness is another metric that has been found to be useful for understanding treatment outcomes in the general population, but it has not yet been explored in adults with ASD. Thus, the current study collected online survey data to examine patient-perceived treatment helpfulness in a sample of 144 adults with ASD who reported that they were currently receiving community-based treatment for depression. Findings indicate that while there was variability in the levels of perceived helpfulness for both medication and individual therapy, most adults with ASD perceived treatment to be at least moderately helpful. Notably, adults with ASD reported having been in treatment for a prolonged duration (5 to 6?years). Ordinal logistic regression models showed that adults with more depressive symptoms perceived treatments to be less helpful (i.e., medications: odds ratio [OR] = 0.92, 95% confidence interval[CI] = 0.89-0.95; individual therapy: OR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.92-0.99). Moreover, women perceived medication as more helpful than men (OR = 2.33, 95% CI = 1.13-4.82). Other individual (i.e., age, race, education level) and treatment (i.e., treatment length, concurrent treatment) characteristics were not significantly associated with perceived helpfulness. These findings suggest that future studies may want to use perceived helpfulness, in addition to traditionally used objective outcomes, to understand patients' treatment experience and evaluate depression treatments for adults with ASD. LAY SUMMARY: Adults with autism are much more likely to be depressed than those without autism; therefore, effective depression treatments are necessary to improve mental health outcomes in this group. This online survey study found that most adults with autism felt that the depression treatments they were receiving in the community (i.e., medication and individual therapy) were helpful. Females and those with fewer symptoms of depression felt treatments were more helpful compared with males and those with more symptoms of depression. Our findings suggest that when examining whether treatments for depression are effective, it may be important to measure adults' feelings about the helpfulness of the treatments in addition to measuring changes in symptoms of depression. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2515 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449 [article] Perceived helpfulness of depression treatments among young adults with autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / S. ZHENG, Auteur ; Julie LOUNDS TAYLOR, Auteur ; R. ADAMS, Auteur ; F. PEZZIMENTI, Auteur ; Somer L. BISHOP, Auteur . - p.1522-1528. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-7 (July 2021) . - p.1522-1528 Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications/therapy  Autistic Disorder  Depression/complications/therapy  Educational Status  Female  Humans  Male  Surveys and Questionnaires  Young Adult  depressive symptoms  individual therapy  measure  medication  treatment helpfulness Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Currently available treatments for depression show limited effectiveness in adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) based on measures of symptom changes and clinician impressions. Perceived helpfulness is another metric that has been found to be useful for understanding treatment outcomes in the general population, but it has not yet been explored in adults with ASD. Thus, the current study collected online survey data to examine patient-perceived treatment helpfulness in a sample of 144 adults with ASD who reported that they were currently receiving community-based treatment for depression. Findings indicate that while there was variability in the levels of perceived helpfulness for both medication and individual therapy, most adults with ASD perceived treatment to be at least moderately helpful. Notably, adults with ASD reported having been in treatment for a prolonged duration (5 to 6?years). Ordinal logistic regression models showed that adults with more depressive symptoms perceived treatments to be less helpful (i.e., medications: odds ratio [OR] = 0.92, 95% confidence interval[CI] = 0.89-0.95; individual therapy: OR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.92-0.99). Moreover, women perceived medication as more helpful than men (OR = 2.33, 95% CI = 1.13-4.82). Other individual (i.e., age, race, education level) and treatment (i.e., treatment length, concurrent treatment) characteristics were not significantly associated with perceived helpfulness. These findings suggest that future studies may want to use perceived helpfulness, in addition to traditionally used objective outcomes, to understand patients' treatment experience and evaluate depression treatments for adults with ASD. LAY SUMMARY: Adults with autism are much more likely to be depressed than those without autism; therefore, effective depression treatments are necessary to improve mental health outcomes in this group. This online survey study found that most adults with autism felt that the depression treatments they were receiving in the community (i.e., medication and individual therapy) were helpful. Females and those with fewer symptoms of depression felt treatments were more helpful compared with males and those with more symptoms of depression. Our findings suggest that when examining whether treatments for depression are effective, it may be important to measure adults' feelings about the helpfulness of the treatments in addition to measuring changes in symptoms of depression. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2515 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449

Erratum to Eliciting Language Samples for Analysis (ELSA): A New Protocol for Assessing Expressive Language and Communication in Autism / Mihaela D. BAROKOVA in Autism Research, 14-7 (July 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-7 (July 2021) . - p.1529 Titre : Erratum to Eliciting Language Samples for Analysis (ELSA): A New Protocol for Assessing Expressive Language and Communication in Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Mihaela D. BAROKOVA, Auteur ; C. LA VALLE, Auteur ; S. HASSAN, Auteur ; C. LEE, Auteur ; M. XU, Auteur ; R. MCKECHNIE, Auteur ; E. JOHNSTON, Auteur ; M. A. KROL, Auteur ; J. LEANO, Auteur ; Helen TAGER-FLUSBERG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1529 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2544 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449 [article] Erratum to Eliciting Language Samples for Analysis (ELSA): A New Protocol for Assessing Expressive Language and Communication in Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Mihaela D. BAROKOVA, Auteur ; C. LA VALLE, Auteur ; S. HASSAN, Auteur ; C. LEE, Auteur ; M. XU, Auteur ; R. MCKECHNIE, Auteur ; E. JOHNSTON, Auteur ; M. A. KROL, Auteur ; J. LEANO, Auteur ; Helen TAGER-FLUSBERG, Auteur . - p.1529. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-7 (July 2021) . - p.1529 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2544 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449